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Zhang H, Read A, Cataisson C, Yang HH, Lee WC, Turk BE, Yuspa SH, Luo J. Protein phosphatase 6 activates NF-κB to confer sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors in KRAS- and BRAF-mutant cancer cells. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadd5073. [PMID: 38743809 PMCID: PMC11238902 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major target for cancer treatment. To better understand the genetic pathways that modulate cancer cell sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors, we performed a CRISPR knockout screen with MAPK pathway inhibitors on a colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line carrying mutant KRAS. Genetic deletion of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), encoded by PPP6C, rendered KRAS- and BRAF-mutant CRC and BRAF-mutant melanoma cells more resistant to these inhibitors. In the absence of MAPK pathway inhibition, PPP6C deletion in CRC cells decreased cell proliferation in two-dimensional (2D) adherent cultures but accelerated the growth of tumor spheroids in 3D culture and tumor xenografts in vivo. PPP6C deletion enhanced the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling in CRC and melanoma cells and circumvented the cell cycle arrest and decreased cyclin D1 abundance induced by MAPK pathway blockade in CRC cells. Inhibiting NF-κB activity by genetic and pharmacological means restored the sensitivity of PPP6C-deficient cells to MAPK pathway inhibition in CRC and melanoma cells in vitro and in CRC cells in vivo. Furthermore, a R264 point mutation in PPP6C conferred loss of function in CRC cells, phenocopying the enhanced NF-κB activation and resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition observed for PPP6C deletion. These findings demonstrate that PP6 constrains the growth of KRAS- and BRAF-mutant cancer cells, implicates the PP6-NF-κB axis as a modulator of MAPK pathway output, and presents a rationale for cotargeting the NF-κB pathway in PPP6C-mutant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail Read
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Howard H. Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart H. Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020373. [PMID: 35215970 PMCID: PMC8874586 DOI: 10.3390/v14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral evolution and adaptation, many viruses have utilized host cellular factors and machinery as their partners. HBx, as a multifunctional viral protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), promotes HBV replication and greatly contributes to the development of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx interacts with several host factors in order to regulate HBV replication and evolve carcinogenesis. The cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major factor that functions in a variety of cellular pathways and specifically in apoptosis. It has been shown that the interaction between HBx and c-FLIP determines HBV fate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the interplay between c-FLIP and HBV in various environmental circumstances. We describe strategies adapted by HBV to establish its chronic infection. We also summarize the conventional roles of c-FLIP and highlight the functional outcome of the interaction between c-FLIP and HBV or other viruses in viral replication and the innate immune system.
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Parvathareddy SK, Siraj AK, Bu R, Iqbal K, Al-Rasheed M, Al-Haqawi W, Annaiyappanaidu P, Siraj N, Ahmed SO, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) predicts disease-free survival in BRAFV600E mutant papillary thyroid carcinoma in middle eastern patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1054882. [PMID: 36578953 PMCID: PMC9790986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1054882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent caspase inhibitory IAP family member and its over-expression is implicated in aggressive behavior of various solid tumors, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). BRAFV600E mutation is the most common oncogenic event in PTC and is also known to be associated with aggressive clinico-pathological characteristics. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of XIAP expression in more than 1600 PTCs from Middle Eastern ethnicity and its prognostic value to predict disease-free survival (DFS), in combination with the BRAFV600E mutation. METHODS Clinical data, XIAP expression by immunohistochemistry and BRAF mutation status were analyzed in 1640 Saudi PTC patients seen at our institute between 1988 - 2020. RESULTS BRAFV600E mutation was found in 910 of 1640 patients (55.5%) and was significantly correlated with older age, extrathyroidal extension, bilaterality, multifocality and lymph node metastasis, but was not an independent predictor of DFS. XIAP was over-expressed in 758 of 1640 (46.2%) and was associated with aggressive clinico-pathological features. It was also found to be an independent prognostic marker for DFS (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.60, P = 0.0342). XIAP overexpression was correlated with presence of BRAFV600E mutation in PTC patients. Interestingly, we found the ability to predict shorter DFS was 2.7-fold higher in PTCs with over-expression of XIAP and BRAFV600E mutation compared to patients with high XIAP and wild-type BRAFV600E status (HR = 2.74, 95% CI = 2.19 - 3.44, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION XIAP expression is an independent predictor of prognosis in Middle Eastern PTC patients. Combination of XIAP expression and BRAFV600E mutation can synergistically improve the DFS prediction in PTC patients, which may help clinicians to establish the most appropriate initial care and long-term surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rong Bu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaleem Iqbal
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Rasheed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Al-Haqawi
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O. Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Khawla S. Al-Kuraya,
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with few therapeutic options, increased biological understanding and unprecedented innovations in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints have substantially improved the prognosis of patients. However, the low response rate and inevitable occurrence of resistance to currently available targeted therapies have posed the obstacle in the path of melanoma management to obtain further amelioration. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying melanoma pathogenesis more comprehensively, which might lead to more substantial progress in therapeutic approaches and expand clinical options for melanoma therapy. In this review, we firstly make a brief introduction to melanoma epidemiology, clinical subtypes, risk factors, and current therapies. Then, the signal pathways orchestrating melanoma pathogenesis, including genetic mutations, key transcriptional regulators, epigenetic dysregulations, metabolic reprogramming, crucial metastasis-related signals, tumor-promoting inflammatory pathways, and pro-angiogenic factors, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Subsequently, we outline current progresses in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints, as well as the mechanisms underlying the treatment resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges in the development of melanoma therapy, especially immunotherapy and related ongoing clinical trials, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Genetic Events Inhibiting Apoptosis in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092167. [PMID: 33946435 PMCID: PMC8125500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, most patients are initially treated with a combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), but relapse occurs in ~50% of patients. One of the hallmarks of DLBCL is the occurrence of genetic events that inhibit apoptosis, which contributes to disease development and resistance to therapy. These events can affect the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, or their modulators. Understanding the factors that contribute to inhibition of apoptosis in DLBCL is crucial in order to be able to develop targeted therapies and improve outcomes, particularly in relapsed and refractory DLBCL (rrDLBCL). This review provides a description of the genetic events inhibiting apoptosis in DLBCL, their contribution to lymphomagenesis and chemoresistance, and their implication for the future of DLBCL therapy. Abstract Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is curable with chemoimmunotherapy in ~65% of patients. One of the hallmarks of the pathogenesis and resistance to therapy in DLBCL is inhibition of apoptosis, which allows malignant cells to survive and acquire further alterations. Inhibition of apoptosis can be the result of genetic events inhibiting the intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as their modulators, such as the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, P53, and components of the NF-kB pathway. Mechanisms of dysregulation include upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and downregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins via point mutations, amplifications, deletions, translocations, and influences of other proteins. Understanding the factors contributing to resistance to apoptosis in DLBCL is crucial in order to be able to develop targeted therapies that could improve outcomes by restoring apoptosis in malignant cells. This review describes the genetic events inhibiting apoptosis in DLBCL, provides a perspective of their interactions in lymphomagenesis, and discusses their implication for the future of DLBCL therapy.
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Ultraviolet Radiation and Chronic Inflammation-Molecules and Mechanisms Involved in Skin Carcinogenesis: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040326. [PMID: 33917793 PMCID: PMC8068112 DOI: 10.3390/life11040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that chronic inflammation is one of the hallmarks of microenvironmental-agent-mediated skin cancers and contributes to its development. Maintaining an inflammatory microenvironment is a condition leading to tumor formation. Multiple studies focus on the molecular pathways activating tumorigenesis by inflammation and indicate several biomarkers and factors that can improve diagnostic and prognostic processes in oncology and dermatology. Reactive oxygen species produced by ultraviolet radiation, oxidizers, or metabolic processes can damage cells and initiate pro-inflammatory cascades. Considering the potential role of inflammation in cancer development and metastasis, the identification of early mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis is crucial for clinical practice and scientific research. Moreover, it could lead to the progress of advanced skin cancer therapies. We focus on a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and on understanding how chronic inflammation and ultraviolet radiation can result in skin carcinogenesis. We present the inflammatory environment as complex molecular networks triggering tumorigenesis and constituting therapeutic targets.
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7
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Li Y, Yu C, Deng W. Roles and mechanisms of adipokines in drug resistance of tumor cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174019. [PMID: 33722588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The drug resistance of cancer cells has become one of the biggest obstacles of effective anticancer treatments. Adipocytes produce plenty of cytokines (also known as adipokines), which remarkably affect the drug resistance exhibited by cancer cells. Different adipokines (leptin, visfatin, resistin, adiponectin, Interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α) can induce drug resistance in different cancer cells by various functional mechanisms. This phenomenon is of great interest in pharmacological anti-cancer studies since it indicates that in the cancers with adipocyte-rich microenvironment, all adipokines join together to assist cancer cells to survive by facilitating drug resistance. Studies on adipokines contribute to the development of novel pharmacological strategies for cancer therapy if their roles and molecular targets are better understood. The review will elucidate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of adipokines in drug resistance, which may be of great significance for revealing new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weimin Deng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Diseases and Microenvironment of Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Tracz M, Bialek W. Beyond K48 and K63: non-canonical protein ubiquitination. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:1. [PMID: 33402098 PMCID: PMC7786512 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination has become one of the most extensively studied post-translational modifications. Originally discovered as a critical element in highly regulated proteolysis, ubiquitination is now regarded as essential for many other cellular processes. This results from the unique features of ubiquitin (Ub) and its ability to form various homo- and heterotypic linkage types involving one of the seven different lysine residues or the free amino group located at its N-terminus. While K48- and K63-linked chains are broadly covered in the literature, the other types of chains assembled through K6, K11, K27, K29, and K33 residues deserve equal attention in the light of the latest discoveries. Here, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in the field of these poorly understood Ub linkages and their possible roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tracz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bialek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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9
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Abstract
HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone involved in a proper folding and maturation of hundreds of proteins. HSP90 is abundantly expressed in cancer, including melanoma. HSP90 client proteins are the key oncoproteins of several signaling pathways controlling melanoma development, progression and response to therapy. A number of natural and synthetic compounds of different chemical structures and binding sites within HSP90 have been identified as selective HSP90 inhibitors. The majority of HSP90-targeting agents affect N-terminal ATPase activity of HSP90. In contrast to N-terminal inhibitors, agents interacting with the middle and C-terminal domains of HSP90 do not induce HSP70-dependent cytoprotective response. Several inhibitors of HSP90 were tested against melanoma in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, providing evidence that these agents can be considered either as single or complementary therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of HSP90 protein in cancer with focus on melanoma, and provides an overview of structurally different HSP90 inhibitors that are considered as potential therapeutics for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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10
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17-Aminogeldanamycin Inhibits Constitutive Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Activity in Patient-Derived Melanoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113749. [PMID: 32466509 PMCID: PMC7312877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains incurable skin cancer, and targeting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigate the effect of 17-aminogeldanamycin, a potent HSP90 inhibitor, on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity in BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R patient-derived melanoma cell lines. We performed time-lapse microscopy and flow cytometry to monitor changes in cell confluence and viability. The NF-κB activity was determined by immunodetection of phospho-p65 and assessment of expression of NF-κB-dependent genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Constitutive activity of p65/NF-κB was evident in all melanoma cell lines. Differences in its level might be associated with genetic alterations in CHUK, IL1B, MAP3K14, NFKBIE, RIPK1, and TLR4, while differences in transcript levels of NF-κB-inducible genes revealed by PCR array might result from the contribution of other regulatory mechanisms. 17-Aminogeldanamycin markedly diminished the level of phospho-p65, but the total p65 protein level was unaltered, indicating that 17-aminogeldanamycin inhibited activation of p65/NF-κB. This conclusion was supported by significantly reduced expression of selected NF-κB-dependent genes: cyclin D1 (CCND1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as shown at transcript and protein levels, as well as secretion of IL-8 and VEGF. Our study indicates that 17-aminogeldanamycin can be used for efficient inhibition of NF-κB activity and the simultaneous diminution of IL-8 and VEGF levels in the extracellular milieu of melanoma.
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11
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Singh S, Shukla R. Key Signaling Pathways Engaged in Cancer Management: Current Update. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180904122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
<P>Background: Till today cancer is still challenging to treat and needs more active therapeutic approaches. Participation of complex multi-pathway cell propagation instrument is a noteworthy issue in creating active anticancer therapeutic methodologies. Immune evasions, metabolic modifications, imperfect apoptotic component, modification in upstream or downstream RAS signaling, altered nuclear factor kappa B actions, imbalanced autophagy design and distortedly controlled angiogenesis are distinguishing features of cancer. </P><P> Methods: On the basis of systemic research and analysis of the current online available database, we analyzed and reported about the key signaling pathway engaged with cancer development outlining the effectiveness of different therapeutic measures and targets that have been created or are being researched to obstruct the cancer development. </P><P> Results: A number of signaling pathways, for example, resistant, metabolism, apoptosis, RAS protein, nuclear factor kappa B, autophagy, and angiogenesis have been perceived as targets for drug treatment to control the advancement, development and administration of cancer. </P><P> Conclusion: A noteworthy challenge for future medication advancement is to detail a synthesis treatment influencing distinctive targets to enhance the treatment of cancer.</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli-229010 (U.P.), India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Education, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli-229010 (U.P.), India
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12
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Rathore M, Girard C, Ohanna M, Tichet M, Ben Jouira R, Garcia E, Larbret F, Gesson M, Audebert S, Lacour JP, Montaudié H, Prod'Homme V, Tartare-Deckert S, Deckert M. Cancer cell-derived long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) promotes melanoma migration through a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncogene 2019; 38:5873-5889. [PMID: 31253871 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers characterized by a high plasticity, a propensity for metastasis, and drug resistance. Melanomas are composed of phenotypically diverse subpopulations of tumor cells with heterogeneous molecular profiles that reflect intrinsic invasive abilities. In an attempt to identify novel factors of the melanoma invasive cell state, we previously investigated the nature of the invasive secretome by using a comparative proteomic approach. Here, we have extended this analysis to show that PTX3, an acute phase inflammatory glycoprotein, is one such factor secreted by invasive melanoma to promote tumor cell invasiveness. Elevated PTX3 production was observed in the population of MITFlow invasive cells but not in the population of MITFhigh differentiated melanoma cells. Consistently, MITF knockdown increased PTX3 expression in MITFhigh proliferative and poorly invasive cells. High levels of PTX3 were found in tissues and blood of metastatic melanoma patients, and in BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells displaying a mesenchymal invasive MITFlow phenotype. Genetic silencing of PTX3 in invasive melanoma cells dramatically impaired migration and invasion in vitro and in experimental lung extravasation assay in xenografted mice. In contrast, addition of melanoma-derived or recombinant PTX3, or expression of PTX3 enhanced motility of low migratory cells. Mechanistically, autocrine production of PTX3 by melanoma cells triggered an IKK/NFκB signaling pathway that promotes migration, invasion, and expression of the EMT factor TWIST1. Finally, we found that TLR4 and MYD88 knockdown inhibited PTX3-induced melanoma cell migration, suggesting that PTX3 functions through a TLR4-dependent pathway. Our work reveals that tumor-derived PTX3 contributes to melanoma cell invasion via targetable inflammation-related pathways. In addition to providing new insights into the biology of melanoma invasive behavior, this study underscores the notion that secreted PTX3 represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in a subpopulation of MITFlow invasive and/or refractory melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rathore
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - C Girard
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France
| | - M Ohanna
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France
| | - M Tichet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, ISREC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Ben Jouira
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - E Garcia
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - F Larbret
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France
| | - M Gesson
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
| | - S Audebert
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - J-P Lacour
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - H Montaudié
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - V Prod'Homme
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France
| | - S Tartare-Deckert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France.
| | - M Deckert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2016, Nice, France.
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13
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Yin Q, Han T, Fang B, Zhang G, Zhang C, Roberts ER, Izumi V, Zheng M, Jiang S, Yin X, Kim M, Cai J, Haura EB, Koomen JM, Smalley KSM, Wan L. K27-linked ubiquitination of BRAF by ITCH engages cytokine response to maintain MEK-ERK signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1870. [PMID: 31015455 PMCID: PMC6478693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF plays an indispensable role in activating the MEK/ERK pathway to drive tumorigenesis. Receptor tyrosine kinase and RAS-mediated BRAF activation have been extensively characterized, however, it remains undefined how BRAF function is fine-tuned by stimuli other than growth factors. Here, we report that in response to proinflammatory cytokines, BRAF is subjected to lysine 27-linked poly-ubiquitination in melanoma cells by the ITCH ubiquitin E3 ligase. Lysine 27-linked ubiquitination of BRAF recruits PP2A to antagonize the S365 phosphorylation and disrupts the inhibitory interaction with 14-3-3, leading to sustained BRAF activation and subsequent elevation of the MEK/ERK signaling. Physiologically, proinflammatory cytokines activate ITCH to maintain BRAF activity and to promote proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells, whereas the ubiquitination-deficient BRAF mutant displays compromised kinase activity and reduced tumorigenicity. Collectively, our study reveals a pivotal role for ITCH-mediated BRAF ubiquitination in coordinating the signals between cytokines and the MAPK pathway activation in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Evan R Roberts
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Victoria Izumi
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, P.R. China
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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14
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Del Mistro G, Lucarelli P, Müller I, De Landtsheer S, Zinoveva A, Hutt M, Siegemund M, Kontermann RE, Beissert S, Sauter T, Kulms D. Systemic network analysis identifies XIAP and IκBα as potential drug targets in TRAIL resistant BRAF mutated melanoma. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:39. [PMID: 30416750 PMCID: PMC6218484 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma remains a life-threatening disease because most tumors develop resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors thereby regaining tumorigenic capacity. We show the 2nd generation hexavalent TRAIL receptor-targeted agonist IZI1551 to induce pronounced apoptotic cell death in mutBRAF melanoma cells. Aiming to identify molecular changes that may confer IZI1551 resistance we combined Dynamic Bayesian Network modelling with a sophisticated regularization strategy resulting in sparse and context-sensitive networks and show the performance of this strategy in the detection of cell line-specific deregulations of a signalling network. Comparing IZI1551-sensitive to IZI1551-resistant melanoma cells the model accurately and correctly predicted activation of NFκB in concert with upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP as the key mediator of IZI1551 resistance. Thus, the incorporation of multiple regularization functions in logical network optimization may provide a promising avenue to assess the effects of drug combinations and to identify responders to selected combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Del Mistro
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Systems Biology, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Ines Müller
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
| | - Sébastien De Landtsheer
- Systems Biology, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Anna Zinoveva
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
| | - Meike Hutt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569 Germany
| | - Martin Siegemund
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569 Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569 Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569 Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Systems Biology, Life Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, 4367 Luxembourg
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, 01307 Germany
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15
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Lei FX, Jin L, Liu XY, Lai F, Yan XG, Farrelly M, Guo ST, Zhao XH, Zhang XD. RIP1 protects melanoma cells from apoptosis induced by BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:679. [PMID: 29880840 PMCID: PMC5992182 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many recent studies have uncovered the necessary role for the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in regulating apoptosis and necrosis that cells undergo in response to various cellular stresses. However, the functional significance of RIP1 in promoting cancer cells survival remains poorly understood. Here, we report that RIP1 was upregulated and contributed to both intrinsic and acquired resistance of melanoma cells to BRAF/MEK inhibitors through activation of NF-κB. Strikingly, Snail1-mediated suppression of CYLD played a crucial role in promoting RIP1 expression upon ERK activation, particularly, in melanoma cells with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. In addition, RIP1 kinase activity was not required for melanoma cells to survive BRAF/MEK inhibition as RIP1 mediated NF-κB activation through its intermediate domain. Collectively, our findings reveal that targeting RIP1 in combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors is a potential approach in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xi Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xiao Ying Liu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.,School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fritz Lai
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Guang Yan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Margaret Farrelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Su Tang Guo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Xin Han Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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16
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Liu Q, Song J, Li H, Dong L, Dai S. Schizandrin B inhibits the cis‑DDP‑induced apoptosis of HK‑2 cells by activating ERK/NF‑κB signaling to regulate the expression of survivin. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2108-2116. [PMID: 29393335 PMCID: PMC5810203 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nephrotoxicity of cisplatin limits its clinical application. Schizandrin B (SchB) has been demonstrated to have a variety of potential cytoprotective activities. The present study explored the molecular mechanisms by which SchB inhibits the dichlorodiammine platinum (DDP)‑induced apoptosis of HK‑2 proximal tubule epithelial cells. In vitro assays demonstrated that SchB increased the viability of HK‑2 cells, alleviated the cis‑DDP‑induced activation of caspase‑3, reduced apoptosis and improved the nuclear morphology of HK‑2 cells. Additionally, the mechanism underlying the cis‑DDP‑induced apoptosis was indicated to involve the activation of p53, c‑Jun‑N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signaling. Furthermore, SchB was demonstrated to activate extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) signaling, and induce the expression of survivin. The inhibition of ERK and NF‑κB signaling using U0126 and pyrollidine dithiocarbamate, respectively, inhibited the expression of survivin, whereas blocking the expression of survivin using small interfering RNA inhibited the alleviating effect of SchB on cis‑DDP‑induced apoptosis as indicated by a reduction in cleaved caspase‑3 expression. In conclusion, SchB regulates ERK/NF‑κB signaling to induce the expression of survivin, thereby alleviating cis‑DDP‑induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004
| | - Jinxin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710002
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710002
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shejiao Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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17
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Jin J, Degan S, Tameze Y, Zhang JY. MALT1 promotes melanoma progression through JNK/c-Jun signaling. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e365. [PMID: 28759024 PMCID: PMC5541718 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoma antigen 1 (MALT1) is a lymphoma oncogene that regulates signal transduction as a paracaspase and an adaptor protein. Yet, the role of MALT1 in other solid cancers such as melanoma is not well-understood. Here, we demonstrate that MALT1 is overexpressed in malignant melanoma cells, and predicts a poor disease-free survival. MALT1 inhibition via shRNA-mediated gene silencing or pharmacologically with MI-2 compound markedly reduced cell growth and migration of A2058 and A375 melanoma cell lines in vitro. Subcutaneous tumor growth analysis revealed that MALT1 gene silencing significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis to the lung. Consistently, the subcutaneous tumors with MALT1 loss had increased cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation. In addition, these tumors showed signs of mesenchymal–epithelial transition as indicated by the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and β1-intergrin. Further molecular analysis revealed that MALT1 is required for c-Jun and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by tumor necrosis factor-α. Forced expression of the c-Jun upstream activator MKK7 reversed the cell growth and migration defects caused by MALT1 loss. In contrast, NF-κB activation via expression of p65ER, a fusion protein containing NF-κB p65 and the tamoxifen-responsive mutant estrogen receptor, induced minimal effects on cell proliferation, but diminished cell death induced by MALT1 loss and TRAIL treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate that MALT1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and motility through JNK/c-Jun, and enhances melanoma cell survival through NF-κB, underscoring MALT1 as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Degan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Y Tameze
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Jang JH, Kim EA, Park HJ, Sung EG, Song IH, Kim JY, Woo CH, Doh KO, Kim KH, Lee TJ. Methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis is dependent on the suppression of c-FLIP L expression via down-regulation of p65 in endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2720-2731. [PMID: 28444875 PMCID: PMC5661116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose, and its plasma levels are elevated in patients with diabetes. Studies have shown that MGO combines with the amino and sulphhydryl groups of proteins to form stable advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, MGO induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs, which was attenuated by pre-treatment with z-VAD, a pan caspase inhibitor. Treatment with MGO increased ROS levels, followed by dose-dependent down-regulation of c-FLIPL . In addition, pre-treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC prevented the MGO-induced down-regulation of p65 and c-FLIPL , and the forced expression of c-FLIPL attenuated MGO-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, MGO-induced apoptotic cell death in endothelium isolated from mouse aortas. Finally, MGO was found to induce apoptosis by down-regulating p65 expression at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, and thus, to inhibit c-FLIPL mRNA expression by suppressing NF-κB transcriptional activity. Collectively, this study showed that MGO-induced apoptosis is dependent on c-FLIPL down-regulation via ROS-mediated down-regulation of p65 expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Oh Doh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kook Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
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19
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Sun J, Yu X, Wang C, Yu C, Li Z, Nie W, Xu X, Miao X, Jin X. RIP-1/c-FLIPL Induce Hepatic Cancer Cell Apoptosis Through Regulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1190-1199. [PMID: 28270653 PMCID: PMC5353883 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all hepatic cancer cells have resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. c-FLIPL and RIP-1 are apoptotic negative regulatory factors. This study investigated the role of c-FLIPL and RIP-1 in hepatic cancer cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated by TRAIL, RIP-1 siRNA, and/or BY11-7082. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry. DISC component proteins, RIP-1, and p-p65 were measured by Western blot. Caspase-8 and caspase-3 were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Single TRAIL treatment showed no significant impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis. HepG2 cells expressed high levels of RIP1 and c-FLIPL, while a high concentration of TRAIL upregulated RIP-1 and c-FLIPL expression but not DR4 and DR5. Single TRAIL treatment did not obviously activate caspase-8 and caspase-3. RIP-1 or c-FLIPL siRNA markedly induced cell apoptosis and enhanced caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities. Combined transfection obviously increased apoptotic cells. TRAIL markedly upregulated RIP-1 expression and enhanced p-p65 protein. Downregulating RIP-1 and/or BAY11-7082 significantly reduced NF-kB transcriptional activity, blocked cells in G0/G1 phase, weakened proliferation, elevated caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities, and promoted cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL can enhance RIP1 and c-FLIPL expression in HepG2 cells. High expression of RIP1 and c-FLIPL is an important reason for TRAIL resistance. Downregulation of RIP1 and c-FLIPL can relieve caspase-8 suppression, activate caspase-3, and promote cell apoptosis. TRAIL mediates apoptosis resistance through upregulating RIP-1 expression, enhancing NF-kB transcriptional activity, and weakening caspase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Changfa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Can Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wanpin Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xundi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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20
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Hartman ML, Talar B, Sztiller-Sikorska M, Nejc D, Czyz M. Parthenolide induces MITF-M downregulation and senescence in patient-derived MITF-M(high) melanoma cell populations. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9026-40. [PMID: 26824319 PMCID: PMC4891023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the M isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M) has been attributed to regulation of differentiation, proliferation, survival and senescence of melanoma cells. MITF expression was shown to be antagonized by the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Parthenolide, an inhibitor of NF-κB, has not been yet reported to affect MITF-M expression. Our results obtained in patient-derived melanoma cell populations indicate that parthenolide efficiently decreases the MITF-M level. This is neither dependent on p65/NF-κB signaling nor RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity as inhibition of MEK by GSK1120212 (trametinib) and induction of ERK1/2 activity by parthenolide itself do not interfere with parthenolide-triggered depletion of MITF-M in both wild-type BRAF and BRAFV600E melanoma populations. Parthenolide activity is not prevented by inhibitors of caspases, proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. As parthenolide reduces MITF-M transcript level and HDAC1 protein level, parthenolide-activated depletion of MITF-M protein may be considered as a result of transcriptional regulation, however, the influence of parthenolide on other elements of a dynamic control over MITF-M cannot be ruled out. Parthenolide induces diverse effects in melanoma cells, from death to senescence. The mode of the response to parthenolide is bound to the molecular characteristics of melanoma cells, particularly to the basal MITF-M expression level but other cell-autonomous differences such as NF-κB activity and MCL-1 level might also contribute. Our data suggest that parthenolide can be developed as a drug used in combination therapy against melanoma when simultaneous inhibition of MITF-M, NF-κB and HDAC1 is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Talar
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Nejc
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development and progression of multiple cancers, including those of the lung, stomach, liver, colon, breast and skin. Inflammation not only drives the oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells under the stress of chronic infection and autoimmune diseases, but also promotes the growth, progression and metastatic spread of cancers. Tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells are comprised of a diverse population of myeloid and immune cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, and others. Different myeloid and lymphoid cells within tumor microenvironment exert diverse, often contradicting, effects during skin cancer development and progression. The nature of tumor-immune interaction determines the rate of cancer progression and the outcome of cancer treatment. Inflammatory environment within skin tumor also inhibits naturally occurring anti-tumor immunity and limits the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this article we aim to give an overview on the mechanism by which inflammation interferes with the development and therapeutic intervention of cancers, especially those of the skin.
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