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Kumari R, Verma V, Singaravel M. Simulated Chronic Jet Lag Affects the Structural and Functional Complexity of Hippocampal Neurons in Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 543:1-12. [PMID: 38354900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
There has been a long history that chronic circadian disruption such as jet lag or shift work negatively affects brain and body physiology. Studies have shown that circadian misalignment act as a risk factor for developing anxiety and mood-related depression-like behavior. Till date, most studies focused on simulating jet lag in model animals under laboratory conditions by repeated phase advances or phase delay only, while the real-life conditions may differ. In the present study, adult male mice were subjected to simulated chronic jet lag (CJL) by alternately advancing and delaying the ambient light-dark (LD) cycle by 9 h every 2 days, thereby covering a total of 24 days. The effect of CJL was then examined for a range of stress and depression-related behavioral and physiological responses. The results showed that mice exposed to CJL exhibited depression-like behavior, such as anhedonia. In the open field and elevated plus maze test, CJL-exposed mice showed increased anxiety behavior compared to LD control. In addition, CJL-exposed mice showed an increased level of serum corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in both serum and hippocampus. Moreover, CJL-exposed mice exhibited a reduction in structural complexity of hippocampal CA1 neurons along with decreased expression of neurotrophic growth factors, BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus compared to LD control. Taken together, our findings suggest that simulated chronic jet lag adversely affects structural and functional complexity in hippocampal neurons along with interrelated endocrine and inflammatory responses, ultimately leading to stress, anxiety, and depression-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Kumari
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Muniyandi Singaravel
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Yuan JH, Huang Y, Rosgen BK, Donnelly S, Lan X, Katz SJ. Burnout and fatigue amongst internal medicine residents: A cross-sectional study on the impact of alternative scheduling models on resident wellness. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291457. [PMID: 37708198 PMCID: PMC10501672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue and burnout are prevalent among resident physicians across Canada. Shifts exceeding 24 hours are commonly purported as detrimental to resident health and performance. Residency training programs have employed strategies towards understanding and intervening upon the complex issue of resident fatigue, where alternative resident scheduling models have been an area of active investigation. This study sought to characterize drivers and outcomes of fatigue and burnout amongst internal medicine residents across different scheduling models. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional surveys were among internal medicine resident physicians at the University of Alberta. We collected anonymized socioeconomic demographics and medical education background, and estimated associations between demographic or work characteristics and fatigue and burnout outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-nine participants competed burnout questionnaires, and 165 fatigue questionnaires were completed (response rate of 48%). The overall prevalence of burnout was 58%. Lower burnout prevalence was noted among respondents with dependent(s) (p = 0.048), who identified as a racial minority (p = 0.018), or completed their medical degree internationally (p = 0.006). The 1-in-4 model was associated with the highest levels of fatigue, reported increased risk towards personal health (OR 4.98, 95%CI 1.77-13.99) and occupational or household harm (OR 5.69, 95%CI 1.87-17.3). Alternative scheduling models were not associated with these hazards. CONCLUSIONS The 1-in-4 scheduling model was associated with high rates of resident physician fatigue, and alternative scheduling models were associated with less fatigue. Protective factors against fatigue are best characterized as strong social supports outside the workplace. Further studies are needed to characterize the impacts of alternative scheduling models on resident education and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack H. Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yiming Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brianna K. Rosgen
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Lan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J. Katz
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tao Z, Julius A, Wen JT. Robustness of Optimal Circadian Rhythm Entrainment under Model Perturbation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083597 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The optimal circadian rhythm entrainment problem has been studied based on mathematical models, e.g. the Kronauer model. In this paper, we study the robustness of light-based circadian rhythm entrainment under model parameter perturbations as well as propose a feedback control law to improve the robustness of the entrainment strategy. Our study finds the model parameter whose perturbations affect the entrainment the most. We also find that feedback control reduces the sensivitity of the entrainment process to model parameter perturbations.Clinical relevance- Circadian misalignment has negative impacts on health, such as higher risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer. We present a numerical study of how well optimized circadian rhythm entrainment plans that are derived from a generic mathematical model work on personalized cases.
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A Cross-Sectional, Exploratory Study on the Impact of Night Shift Work on Midwives’ Reproductive and Sexual Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138082. [PMID: 35805742 PMCID: PMC9265968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Shift work is the basis for health care system functioning. The non-standard schedules enforce abrupt changes in the timing of sleep and light-dark exposure. It can contribute to the increased risk of various medical conditions, including reproductive and sexual health issues. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of shift work with night shifts on midwives’ reproductive and sexual health. Methods: This cross-sectional, exploratory study included 520 midwives. A descriptive questionnaire was distributed in person (414) and online (106) from July 2019 to May 2020. We used the Female Sexual Function Index (PL-FSFI) standardized questionnaire and proprietary research tools (applicable to demographic and social data and reproductive health). All statistical calculations were performed with the IBM SPSS 23 statistical package. Results: Shift work affects midwives’ reproductive and sexual health. Midwives working night shifts are more likely to experience reproductive problems and sexual dysfunctions. The most pronounced differences are observed in the experience of infertility and the number of miscarriages. PL-FSFI results clearly showed the adverse impact of working shifts including night shifts on functioning in various dimensions of sexual health. Conclusion: Shift work negatively affects reproductive and sexual health and causes work-life conflict experience. It is necessary to develop procedures that minimize shift rotation and implement work schedules that allow for recuperation or rest and ensure proper family and social life.
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Kyle JE, Bramer LM, Claborne D, Stratton KG, Bloodsworth KJ, Teeguarden JG, Gaddameedhi S, Metz TO, Van Dongen HPA. Simulated Night-Shift Schedule Disrupts the Plasma Lipidome and Reveals Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:981-994. [PMID: 35645584 PMCID: PMC9133431 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s363437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The circadian system coordinates daily rhythms in lipid metabolism, storage and utilization. Disruptions of internal circadian rhythms due to altered sleep/wake schedules, such as in night-shift work, have been implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. To determine the impact of a night-shift schedule on the human blood plasma lipidome, an in-laboratory simulated shift work study was conducted. METHODS Fourteen healthy young adults were assigned to 3 days of either a simulated day or night-shift schedule, followed by a 24-h constant routine protocol with fixed environmental conditions, hourly isocaloric snacks, and constant wakefulness to investigate endogenous circadian rhythms. Blood plasma samples collected at 3-h intervals were subjected to untargeted lipidomics analysis. RESULTS More than 400 lipids were identified and quantified across 21 subclasses. Focusing on lipids with low between-subject variation per shift condition, alterations in the circulating plasma lipidome revealed generally increased mean triglyceride levels and decreased mean phospholipid levels after night-shift relative to day-shift. The circadian rhythms of triglycerides containing odd chain fatty acids peaked earlier during constant routine after night-shift. Regardless of shift condition, triglycerides tended to either peak or be depleted at 16:30 h, with chain-specific differences associated with the direction of change. DISCUSSION The simulated night-shift schedule was associated with altered temporal patterns in the lipidome. This may be premorbid to the elevated cardiovascular risk that has been found epidemiologically in night-shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Daniel Claborne
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.,Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
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Comparison of Psychological and Physiological Stress in NICU Nurses: Effects of Unit Design and Shift. Adv Neonatal Care 2021; 21:E93-E100. [PMID: 33427752 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of unit design and shift worked on stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses have not been fully studied. PURPOSE To compare stress in NICU nurses who work in single-family room (SFR) or open bay (OBY) units and on nonrotating day or night shift. METHODS Full-time registered nurses (RNs) (n = 72) from a 42-bed SFR and a 131-bed OBY NICU participated in this comparative cross-sectional study. The Nurse Stress Scale (NSS) and within-shift repeated salivary cortisol levels were used to measure stress. The relationship between NSS score and salivary cortisol level was examined using multiple linear regression. Salivary cortisol levels of day versus night shift were compared with mixed-effects linear models. RESULTS NSS scores were similar for SFR and OBY units (P = .672) and day versus night shift (P = .606). Changes in cortisol level over time (P = .764) and final cortisol level (P = .883) for SFR versus OBY were not significantly different after controlling for shift. Salivary cortisol level of day-shift nurses decreased significantly over time compared with night-shift nurses (P < .001). The final cortisol level was significantly higher for night-shift compared with day-shift nurses (P < .001). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Psychological (NSS) and physiologic (salivary cortisol) stress of NICU nurses is similar in established SFR and OBY units. Cortisol levels are higher at the end of shift in nurses who work night shift and may reflect increased physiologic stress. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Strategies are needed for reducing stress in NICU nurses who work night shift.
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Kernbach ME, Miller C, Alaasam V, Ferguson S, Francis CD. Introduction to the Symposium: Effects of Light Pollution Across Diverse Natural Systems. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1089-1097. [PMID: 34251459 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Light pollution, or the presence of artificial light at night (ALAN), is among the fastest growing but least understood anthropogenic stressor on the planet. While historically light pollution has not received attention comparable to climate change or chemical pollution, research over the past several decades has revealed the plethora of negative effects on humans, animals, and supporting ecosystems. As light pollution continues to grow in spatial, spectral, and temporal extent, we recognize the urgent need to understand how this affects circadian physiology, organismal fitness, life history traits and tradeoffs, population trends, and community interactions. Here, we aim to highlight background and foundational evidence of the effects of light pollution to present context and the basis for early light pollution studies. Next, we touch on several understudied topics where research is underway to fill gaps in our knowledge and provide the basis for future research. Last, we focus on questions that are vital to understanding the effects of ALAN on diverse natural systems and discuss the barriers we face conducting research on light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Kernbach
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Colleen Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Stephen Ferguson
- Department of Biology, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691.,Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, De Pere, WI 54115
| | - Clinton D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407.,Communication and Social Behavior Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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de Assis LVM, Oster H. The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4563-4587. [PMID: 33683376 PMCID: PMC8195959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock exerts an important role in systemic homeostasis as it acts a keeper of time for the organism. The synchrony between the daily challenges imposed by the environment needs to be aligned with biological processes and with the internal circadian clock. In this review, it is provided an in-depth view of the molecular functioning of the circadian molecular clock, how this system is organized, and how central and peripheral clocks communicate with each other. In this sense, we provide an overview of the neuro-hormonal factors controlled by the central clock and how they affect peripheral tissues. We also evaluate signals released by peripheral organs and their effects in the central clock and other brain areas. Additionally, we evaluate a possible communication between peripheral tissues as a novel layer of circadian organization by reviewing recent studies in the literature. In the last section, we analyze how the circadian clock can modulate intracellular and tissue-dependent processes of metabolic organs. Taken altogether, the goal of this review is to provide a systemic and integrative view of the molecular clock function and organization with an emphasis in metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Marie Curie Street, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Ferreira FC, Costa RJD, Ruivo Marques D. The Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire (BSWSQ) – European Portuguese validation in a sample of shift workers from the paper industry. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1913897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Ruivo Marques
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral S, Sharma R. Circadian disruption, melatonin rhythm perturbations and their contributions to chaotic physiology. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:394-402. [PMID: 32763813 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to summarize the data documenting the vital nature of well-regulated cellular and organismal circadian rhythms, which are also reflected in a stable melatonin cycle, in supporting optimal health. Cellular fluctuations in physiology exist in most cells of multicellular organisms with their stability relying on the prevailing light:dark cycle, since it regulates, via specialized intrinsically-photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) and the retinohypothalamic tract, the master circadian oscillator, i.e., the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The output message of the SCN, as determined by the light:dark cycle, is transferred to peripheral oscillators, so-called slave cellular oscillators, directly via the autonomic nervous system with its limited distribution. and indirectly via the pineal-derived circulating melatonin rhythm, which contacts every cell. Via its regulatory effects on the neuroendocrine system, particularly the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, the SCN also has a major influence on the adrenal glucocorticoid rhythm which impacts neurological diseases and psychological behaviors. Moreover, the SCN regulates the circadian production and secretion of melatonin. When the central circadian oscillator is disturbed, such as by light at night, it passes misinformation to all organs in the body. When this occurs the physiology of cells becomes altered and normal cellular functions are compromised. This physiological upheaval is a precursor to pathologies. The deterioration of the SCN/pineal network is often a normal consequence of aging and its related diseases, but in today's societies where manufactured light is becoming progressively more common worldwide, the associated pathologies may also be occurring at an earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Moreira H, Fonseca A, Caiado B, Canavarro MC. Work-Family Conflict and Mindful Parenting: The Mediating Role of Parental Psychopathology Symptoms and Parenting Stress in a Sample of Portuguese Employed Parents. Front Psychol 2019; 10:635. [PMID: 30967822 PMCID: PMC6438855 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aims of the current study are to examine whether parents' work-family conflict, emotional distress (anxiety/depressive symptoms and parenting stress) and mindful parenting vary according to the type of employment (full-time, part-time, and occasional), the type of work schedule (fixed, flexible, and shift), and the number of working hours per week and to explore whether parental emotional distress mediates the association between work-family conflict and mindful parenting dimensions. Methods: A sample of 335 employed parents (86.3% mothers) of children and adolescents between the ages of 1 and 19 years old completed a sociodemographic form and measures of work-family conflict, anxiety/depression symptoms, parenting stress, and mindful parenting. The differences in study variables among types of employment, work schedules and number of weekly working hours were analyzed. A path model was tested through structural equation modeling in AMOS to explore the indirect effect of work-family conflict on mindful parenting dimensions through anxiety, depression and parenting stress. The invariance of the path model across children's age groups (toddlers, preschool and grade school children, and adolescents) and parents' gender was also examined. Results: Parents with a shift work schedule, working full-time and 40 h or more per week, presented significantly higher levels of work-family conflict than those with a fixed or flexible schedule, working part-time and less than 40 h per week, respectively. Parents with a flexible work schedule presented significantly higher levels of self-regulation in parenting and of non-judgmental acceptance of parental functioning than parents with a shift work schedule. Higher levels of work-family conflict were associated with lower levels of mindful parenting dimensions through higher levels of anxiety/depression symptoms and parenting stress. The model was invariant across children's age groups and parents' gender. Discussion: Work-family conflict is associated with poorer parental mental health and with less mindful parenting. Workplaces should implement family-friendly policies (e.g., flexible work arrangements) that help parents successfully balance the competing responsibilities and demands of their work and family roles. These policies could have a critical impact on the mental health of parents and, consequently, on their parental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brígida Caiado
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Crew RC, Waddell BJ, Mark PJ. Obesity-induced changes in hepatic and placental clock gene networks in rat pregnancy†. Biol Reprod 2017; 98:75-88. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Escobar-Córdoba F, Echeverry-Chabur J. Aspectos en la responsabilidad legal y laboral en el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS). REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n1sup.59545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La apnea del sueño y la somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE) constituyen un gran riesgo para el desarrollo de actividades laborales, en especial las que se pueden considerar peligrosas y que implican responsabilidad legal; entre estas se encuentra la conducción de vehículos de transporte público, de carga y de maquinaria pesada.El trabajar por turnos y privarse de horas de sueño es también causa del aumento de accidentes laborales; este riesgo aumenta cuando los trabajadores y sus familiares no comprenden la dimensión real de este tipo de vida laboral y, por tanto, no actúan con responsabilidad respecto a su salud. Algunos autores consideran que la apnea del sueño y la SDE constituyen problemas de salud pública debido a su elevada prevalencia y a los altos costos que origina. Es importante que el Estado colombiano reglamente, por un lado, los aspectos de responsabilidad legal de los pacientes que desempeñan tareas riesgosas y están afectados por esta enfermedad y síntoma específico y, por el otro, las condiciones ocupacionales de los trabajadores que en la actualidad laboran por turnos y ven su salud afectada.
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Jensen JL, Jones CR, Kartsonaki C, Packer KA, Adler FR, Liou TG. Sleep Phase Delay in Cystic Fibrosis: A Potential New Manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Dysfunction. Chest 2017; 152:386-393. [PMID: 28442311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein dysfunction causes CF. Improving survival allows detection of increasingly subtle disease manifestations. CFTR dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) may disturb circadian rhythm and thus sleep phase. We studied sleep in adults to better understand potential CNS CFTR dysfunction. METHODS We recruited participants from April 2012 through April 2015 and administered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). We compared free-day sleep measurements between CF and non-CF participants and investigated associations with CF survival predictors. RESULTS We recruited 23 female and 22 male adults with CF aged 18 to 46 years and 26 female and 22 male volunteers aged 18 to 45 years. Compared with volunteers without CF, patients with CF had delayed sleep onset (0.612 h; P = .015), midsleep (1.11 h; P < .001), and wake (1.15 h; P < .001) times and prolonged sleep latency (7.21 min; P = .05) and duration (0.489 h; P = .05). Every hour delay in sleep onset was associated with shorter sleep duration by 0.29 h in patients with CF and 0.75 h in subjects without CF (P = .007) and longer sleep latency by 7.51 min in patients with CF and 1.6 min in volunteers without CF (P = .035). Among patients with CF, FEV1 % predicted, prior acute pulmonary exacerbations, and weight were independent of all free-day sleep measurements. CONCLUSIONS CF in adults is associated with marked delays in sleep phase consistent with circadian rhythm phase delays. Independence from disease characteristics predictive of survival suggests that sleep phase delay is a primary manifestation of CFTR dysfunction in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Jensen
- University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Kristyn A Packer
- University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Frederick R Adler
- Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Departments of Mathematics and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Theodore G Liou
- University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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Abstract
Lighting technologies are rapidly evolving, creating many opportunities for good lighting within the NICU. With the widespread adoption of advanced solid-state lighting technologies, lighting no longer needs to be static. Rather, lighting systems can be more easily adjusted to the different and changing visual and non-visual needs of the professional staff, infants and family members throughout the 24-hour day. This paper provides a conceptual framework for defining good lighting in the NICU, recognizing the needs of various constituent groups, each with very different needs from the lighting. Several other papers on the topic of lighting for various constituent groups at different times of the day in the NICU are summarized. Attention is given specifically to the Recommended Standards for Newborn ICU Design, a consensus standard developed by a wide range of experts, to help the reader translate this conceptual framework to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Rea
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180,
| | - Mariana G Figueiro
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street, Troy, NY 12180,
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Hall AL, Smit AN, Mistlberger RE, Landry GJ, Koehoorn M. Organisational characteristics associated with shift work practices and potential opportunities for intervention: findings from a Canadian study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:6-13. [PMID: 27382126 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shift work is a common working arrangement with wide-ranging implications for worker health. Organisational determinants of shift work practices are not well characterised; such information could be used to guide evidence-based research and best practices to mitigate shift work's negative effects. This exploratory study aimed to describe and assess organisational-level determinants of shift work practices thought to affect health, across a range of industry sectors. METHODS Data on organisational characteristics, shift work scheduling, provision of shift work education materials/training to employees and night-time lighting policies in the workplace were collected during phone interviews with organisations across the Canadian province of British Columbia. Relationships between organisational characteristics and shift work practices were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The study sample included 88 participating organisations, representing 30 700 shift workers. Long-duration shifts, provision of shift work education materials/training to employees and night-time lighting policies were reported by approximately one-third of participating organisations. Odds of long-duration shifts increased in larger workplaces and by industry. Odds of providing shift work education materials/training increased in larger workplaces, in organisations reporting concern for shift worker health and in organisations without seasonal changes in shift work. Odds of night-time lighting policies in the workplace increased in organisations reporting previous workplace accidents or incidents that occurred during non-daytime hours, site maintenance needs and client service or care needs. CONCLUSIONS This study points to organisational determinants of shift work practices that could be useful for targeting research and workplace interventions. Results should be interpreted as preliminary in an emerging body of literature on shift work and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Hall
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea N Smit
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralph E Mistlberger
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glenn J Landry
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mieke Koehoorn
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Well-being and immune response: a multi-system perspective. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 29:34-41. [PMID: 27318753 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas it is well-established that inflammation and other immune responses can change how we feel, most people are still surprised to hear that, conversely, well-being and its violations also affect our immune system. Here we show that those effects are highly adaptive and bear potential for both research and therapeutic applications. The studies discussed in this review demonstrate that immunity is tuned by ones emotions, personality, and social status as well as by other life style variables like sleep, nutrition, obesity, or exercise. We further provide a short excursion on the effects of stress and depression on immunity and discuss acute experimental endotoxemia as a model to study the effects of well-being on the innate immune response in humans.
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Gyarmati G, Turner MC, Castaño-Vinyals G, Espinosa A, Papantoniou K, Alguacil J, Costas L, Pérez-Gómez B, Martin Sanchez V, Ardanaz E, Moreno V, Gómez-Acebo I, Fernández-Tardon G, Villanueva Ballester V, Capelo R, Chirlaque MD, Santibáñez M, Pollán M, Aragonés N, Kogevinas M. Night shift work and stomach cancer risk in the MCC-Spain study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:520-7. [PMID: 27312400 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Night shift work has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, based on experimental studies and limited evidence on human breast cancer risk. Evidence at other cancer sites is scarce. We evaluated the association between night shift work and stomach cancer risk in a population-based case-control study. METHODS A total of 374 incident stomach adenocarcinoma cases and 2481 population controls were included from the MCC-Spain study. Detailed data on lifetime night shift work were collected including permanent and rotating shifts, and their cumulative duration (years). Adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were used in analysis. RESULTS A total of 25.7% of cases and 22.5% of controls reported ever being a night shift worker. There was a weak positive, non-significant association between ever having had worked for at least 1 year in permanent night shifts and stomach cancer risk compared to never having worked night shifts (OR=1.2, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.8). However, there was an inverse 'U' shaped relationship with cumulative duration of permanent night shifts, with the highest risk observed in the intermediate duration category (OR 10-20 years=2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6) (p for trend=0.19). There was no association with ever having had worked in rotating night shifts (OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2) and no trend according to cumulative duration (p for trend=0.68). CONCLUSION We found no clear evidence concerning an association between night shift work and stomach cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gyarmati
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelle C Turner
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martin Sanchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Grupo de Investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardon
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Vicent Villanueva Ballester
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocio Capelo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Marina Pollán
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Area, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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Shepley MM, Smith JA, Sadler BL, White RD. The business case for building better neonatal intensive care units. J Perinatol 2014; 34:811-5. [PMID: 25359412 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Shepley
- Department of Design Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J A Smith
- Smith Hager Bajo Inc., Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - B L Sadler
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R D White
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA
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20
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Varcoe TJ, Gatford KL, Voultsios A, Salkeld MD, Boden MJ, Rattanatray L, Kennaway DJ. Rapidly alternating photoperiods disrupt central and peripheral rhythmicity and decrease plasma glucose, but do not affect glucose tolerance or insulin secretion in sheep. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1214-28. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara J. Varcoe
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Kathryn L. Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Athena Voultsios
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Mark D. Salkeld
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Michael J. Boden
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Leewen Rattanatray
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - David J. Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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21
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Guo HR. Frontiers and challenges in occupational safety and health. Front Public Health 2014; 2:85. [PMID: 25077140 PMCID: PMC4100215 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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22
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Egger G, Dixon J. Beyond obesity and lifestyle: a review of 21st century chronic disease determinants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:731685. [PMID: 24804239 PMCID: PMC3997940 DOI: 10.1155/2014/731685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and associated chronic diseases are often attributed to modern lifestyles. The term "lifestyle" however, ignores broader social, economic, and environmental determinants while inadvertently "blaming the victim." Seen more eclectically, lifestyle encompasses distal, medial, and proximal determinants. Hence any analysis of causality should include all these levels. The term "anthropogens," or "…man-made environments, their by-products and/or lifestyles encouraged by these, some of which may be detrimental to human health" provides a monocausal focus for chronic diseases similar to that which the germ theory afforded infectious diseases. Anthropogens have in common an ability to induce a form of chronic, low-level systemic inflammation ("metaflammation"). A review of anthropogens, based on inducers with a metaflammatory association, is conducted here, together with the evidence for each in connection with a number of chronic diseases. This suggests a broader view of lifestyle and a focus on determinants, rather than obesity and lifestyle per se as the specific causes of modern chronic disease. Under such an analysis, obesity is seen more as "a canary in a mineshaft" signaling problems in the broader environment, suggesting that population obesity management should be focused more upstream if chronic diseases are to be better managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 313, Balgowlah, Lismore, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - John Dixon
- Clinical Obesity Research, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- R D White
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Newborn ICU, Memorial Hospital, South Bend, IN, USA
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24
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Abstract
Chronic disease epidemiology currently lacks the mono-causal focus germ theory provides infectious diseases. However, the discovery of a form of low-grade, systemic, and chronic inflammation (“metaflammation) underlying many, if not all, chronic diseases induced by a range of stimulants labeled “anthropogens” may help change this. Anthropogens are “man-made environments, their by-products, and/or lifestyles encouraged by these, some of which are detrimental to human health.” While an exhaustive list of anthropogens associated with chronic disease may be as elusive as a comprehensive list of “germs” with the potential to cause infection, a broad taxonomy provides a focus for the practice of lifestyle medicine. Such a list is considered here under the acronym NASTIE ODOURS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE)
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (DC)
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (JD)
| | - David Colquhoun
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE)
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (DC)
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (JD)
| | - John Dixon
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (GE)
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia (DC)
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (JD)
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25
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Newborn intensive care units and perinatal healthcare: on light's imprinting role on circadian system stability for research and prevention. J Perinatol 2013; 33:824-5. [PMID: 24071966 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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