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Yu J, Wei X, Gao J, Wang C, Wei W. Role of cyclosporin A in the treatment of kidney disease and nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 2023; 492:153544. [PMID: 37164250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of cyclosporin A (CsA) has led to significant advances and achievements in the field of transplantation and immune diseases. However, the nephrotoxicity of CsA is a major concern in current immunosuppression regimens. CsA causes abnormal kidney function while treating kidney disease, causing problems for clinicians and patients. Evidence of CsA nephrotoxicity is almost always present in transplant recipients after long-term CsA administration (up to 10 years), and similar phenomena occur with other calcineurin inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and influencing factors of CsA for the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome. The mechanisms of CsA nephrotoxicity, clinical-pathological features, diagnosis, prevention strategies, and risk factors are summarized. We discuss the correlates and mechanisms of the switch between kidney disease prevention and nephrotoxicity of CsA to better understand the function of CsA in the kidney and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of CsA nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China; Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jinzhang Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Mdicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China; Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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2
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Tortorella C, Macchi V, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Growth Factors in the Carotid Body-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197267. [PMID: 33019660 PMCID: PMC7594035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The carotid body may undergo plasticity changes during development/ageing and in response to environmental (hypoxia and hyperoxia), metabolic, and inflammatory stimuli. The different cell types of the carotid body express a wide series of growth factors and corresponding receptors, which play a role in the modulation of carotid body function and plasticity. In particular, type I cells express nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, insulin-like-growth factor-I and -II, basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α and -β, interleukin-1β and -6, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelin-1. Many specific growth factor receptors have been identified in type I cells, indicating autocrine/paracrine effects. Type II cells may also produce growth factors and express corresponding receptors. Future research will have to consider growth factors in further experimental models of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases and in human (normal and pathologic) samples. From a methodological point of view, microarray and/or proteomic approaches would permit contemporary analyses of large groups of growth factors. The eventual identification of physical interactions between receptors of different growth factors and/or neuromodulators could also add insights regarding functional interactions between different trophic mechanisms.
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Ibrahimi Disha S, Furlani B, Drevensek G, Plut A, Yanagisawa M, Hudoklin S, Prodan Žitnik I, Marc J, Drevensek M. The role of endothelin B receptor in bone modelling during orthodontic tooth movement: a study on ET B knockout rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14226. [PMID: 32848199 PMCID: PMC7450079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelin system has an important role in bone modelling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM); however, little is known about the involvement of endothelin B receptors (ETB) in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ETB in bone modelling during OTM using ETB knockout rats (ETB-KO). Thirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 per group): the ETB-KO appliance group, ETB-KO control group, wild type (ETB-WT) appliance group, and ETB-WT control group. The appliance consisted of a super-elastic closed-coil spring placed between the first and second left maxillary molar and the incisors. Tooth movement was measured on days 0 and 35, and maxillary alveolar bone volume, osteoblast, and osteoclast volume were determined histomorphometrically on day 35 of OTM. Next, we determined the serum endothelin 1 (ET-1) level and gene expression levels of the osteoclast activity marker cathepsin K and osteoblast activity markers osteocalcin and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) on day 35. The ETB-KO appliance group showed significantly lower osteoblast activity, diminished alveolar bone volume and less OTM than the ETB-WT appliance group. Our results showed that ETB is involved in bone modelling in the late stage of OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ibrahimi Disha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Furlani
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Drevensek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Plut
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - S Hudoklin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Prodan Žitnik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Drevensek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Caires A, Convento MB, Castino B, Leme AM, Pessoa EDA, Aragão A, Schor N, Borges FT. Antioxidant effect of endothelin-1 receptor antagonist protects the rat kidney against chronic injury induced by hypertension and hyperglycemia. J Bras Nefrol 2019; 41:451-461. [PMID: 31508666 PMCID: PMC6979570 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus are the two main causes of chronic kidney disease that culminate in the final stage of kidney disease. Since these two risk factors are common and can overlap, new approaches to prevent or treat them are needed. Macitentan (MAC) is a new non-selective antagonist of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic blockade of ET-1 receptor with MAC on the alteration of renal function observed in hypertensive and hyperglycemic animals. Genetically hypertensive rats were divided into control hypertensive (HT-CTL) group, hypertensive and hyperglycemic (HT+DIAB) group, and hypertensive and hyperglycemic group that received 25 mg/kg macitentan (HT-DIAB+MAC25) via gavage for 60 days. Kidney function and parameters associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), ET-1, and catalase in the renal cortex was performed. The HT+DIAB group showed a decrease in kidney function and an increase in NGAL expression in the renal cortex, as well as an increase in oxidative stress. MAC treatment was associated with attenuated ET-1 and NGAL production and increases in antioxidant defense (catalase expression) and nitric oxide production. In addition, MAC prevented an increase in oxidant injury (as measured by urinary hydroperoxide and lipid peroxidation), thus improving renal function. Our results suggest that the antioxidant effect of the ET-1 receptor antagonist MAC is involved in the improvement of kidney function observed in hypertensive and hyperglycemic rats.
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5
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Zhu N, Gu L, Jia J, Wang X, Wang L, Yang M, Yuan W. Endothelin‐1 triggers human peritoneal mesothelial cells’ proliferation via ERK1/2‐Ets‐1 signaling pathway and contributes to endothelial cell angiogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3539-3546. [PMID: 30485480 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Lijie Gu
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Jieshuang Jia
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital Shanghai PR China
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6
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Caires A, Fernandes GS, Leme AM, Castino B, Pessoa EA, Fernandes SM, Fonseca CD, Vattimo MF, Schor N, Borges FT. Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists protect the kidney against the nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine-A in normotensive and hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6373. [PMID: 29267497 PMCID: PMC5731326 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin-A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant associated with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Nephrotoxicity associated with CsA involves the increase in afferent and efferent arteriole resistance, decreased renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor blockade with bosentan (BOS) and macitentan (MAC) antagonists on altered renal function induced by CsA in normotensive and hypertensive animals. Wistar and genetically hypertensive rats (SHR) were separated into control group, CsA group that received intraperitoneal injections of CsA (40 mg/kg) for 15 days, CsA+BOS and CsA+MAC that received CsA and BOS (5 mg/kg) or MAC (25 mg/kg) by gavage for 15 days. Plasma creatinine and urea, mean arterial pressure (MAP), RBF and renal vascular resistance (RVR), and immunohistochemistry for ET-1 in the kidney cortex were measured. CsA decreased renal function, as shown by increased creatinine and urea. There was a decrease in RBF and an increase in MAP and RVR in normotensive and hypertensive animals. These effects were partially reversed by ET-1 antagonists, especially in SHR where increased ET-1 production was observed in the kidney. Most MAC effects were similar to BOS, but BOS seemed to be better at reversing cyclosporine-induced changes in renal function in hypertensive animals. The results of this work suggested the direct participation of ET-1 in renal hemodynamics changes induced by cyclosporin in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The antagonists of ET-1 MAC and BOS reversed part of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caires
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G S Fernandes
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A M Leme
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B Castino
- Programa Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E A Pessoa
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Fernandes
- Laboratorio Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C D Fonseca
- Laboratorio Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Enfermagem Clínica e Cirúrgica, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M F Vattimo
- Laboratorio Experimental de Modelos Animais (LEMA), Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N Schor
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F T Borges
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Atividade Física e Esporte, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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7
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Sorop O, van den Heuvel M, van Ditzhuijzen NS, de Beer VJ, Heinonen I, van Duin RWB, Zhou Z, Koopmans SJ, Merkus D, van der Giessen WJ, Danser AHJ, Duncker DJ. Coronary microvascular dysfunction after long-term diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1339-H1351. [PMID: 27591223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00458.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) has been proposed as an important component of diabetes mellitus (DM)- and hypercholesterolemia-associated coronary artery disease (CAD). Previously we observed that 2.5 mo of DM and high-fat diet (HFD) in swine blunted bradykinin (BK)-induced vasodilation and attenuated endothelin (ET)-1-mediated vasoconstriction. Here we studied the progression of CMD after 15 mo in the same animal model of CAD. Ten male swine were fed a HFD in the absence (HFD, n = 5) or presence of streptozotocin-induced DM (DM + HFD, n = 5). Responses of small (∼300-μm-diameter) coronary arteries to BK, ET-1, and the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine were examined in vitro and compared with those of healthy (Normal) swine (n = 12). Blood glucose was elevated in DM + HFD (17.6 ± 4.5 mmol/l) compared with HFD (5.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l) and Normal (5.8 ± 0.6 mmol/l) swine, while cholesterol was markedly elevated in DM + HFD (16.8 ± 1.7 mmol/l) and HFD (18.1 ± 2.6 mmol/l) compared with Normal (2.1 ± 0.2 mmol/l) swine (all P < 0.05). Small coronary arteries showed early atherosclerotic plaques in HFD and DM + HFD swine. Surprisingly, DM + HFD and HFD swine maintained BK responsiveness compared with Normal swine due to an increase in NO availability relative to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. However, ET-1 responsiveness was greater in HFD and DM + HFD than Normal swine (both P < 0.05), resulting mainly from ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Moreover, the calculated vascular stiffness coefficient was higher in DM + HFD and HFD than Normal swine (both P < 0.05). In conclusion, 15 mo of DM + HFD, as well as HFD alone, resulted in CMD. Although the overall vasodilation to BK was unperturbed, the relative contributions of NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor pathways were altered. Moreover, the vasoconstrictor response to ET-1 was enhanced, involving the ETB receptors. In conjunction with our previous study, these findings highlight the time dependence of the phenotype of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Sorop
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Mieke van den Heuvel
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke S van Ditzhuijzen
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J de Beer
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W B van Duin
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sietse J Koopmans
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J van der Giessen
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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8
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Kapsokalyvas D, Schiffers PM, Maij N, Suylen DP, Hackeng TM, van Zandvoort MA, De Mey JG. Imaging evidence for endothelin ETA/ETB receptor heterodimers in isolated rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Life Sci 2014; 111:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Lynch IJ, Welch AK, Kohan DE, Cain BD, Wingo CS. Endothelin-1 inhibits sodium reabsorption by ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in the mouse cortical collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F568-73. [PMID: 23698114 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00613.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The collecting duct (CD) is a major renal site for the hormonal regulation of Na homeostasis and is critical for systemic arterial blood pressure control. Our previous studies demonstrated that the endothelin-1 gene (edn1) is an early response gene to the action of aldosterone. Because aldosterone and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have opposing actions on Na reabsorption (JNa) in the kidney, we postulated that stimulation of ET-1 by aldosterone acts as a negative feedback mechanism, acting locally within the CD. Aldosterone is known to increase JNa in the CD, in part, by stimulating the epithelial Na channel (ENaC). In contrast, ET-1 increases Na and water excretion through its binding to receptors in the CD. To date, direct measurement of the quantitative effect of ET-1 on transepithelial JNa in the isolated in vitro microperfused mouse CD has not been determined. We observed that the CD exhibits substantial JNa in male and female mice that is regulated, in part, by a benzamil-sensitive pathway, presumably ENaC. ENaC-mediated JNa is greater in the cortical CD (CCD) than in the outer medullary CD (OMCD); however, benzamil-insensitive JNa is present in the CCD and not in the OMCD. In the presence of ET-1, ENaC-mediated JNa is significantly inhibited. Blockade of either ETA or ETB receptor restored JNa to control rates; however, only ETA receptor blockade restored a benzamil-sensitive component of JNa. We conclude 1) Na reabsorption is mediated by ENaC in the CCD and OMCD and also by an ENaC-independent mechanism in the CCD; and 2) ET-1 inhibits JNa in the CCD through both ETA and ETB receptor-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jeanette Lynch
- Research Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608.
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10
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Why two endothelins and two receptors for ovulation and luteal regulation? Life Sci 2012; 91:501-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Mazzuca MQ, Khalil RA. Vascular endothelin receptor type B: structure, function and dysregulation in vascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:147-62. [PMID: 22484314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a major regulator of vascular function, acting via both endothelin receptor type A (ET(A)R) and type B (ET(B)R). Although the role of ET(A)R in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction has been studied, little is known about ET(B)R. ET(B)R is a G-protein coupled receptor with a molecular mass of ~50 kDa and 442 amino acids arranged in seven transmembrane domains. Alternative splice variants of ET(B)R and heterodimerization and cross-talk with ET(A)R may affect the receptor function. ET(B)R has been identified in numerous blood vessels with substantial effects in the systemic, renal, pulmonary, coronary and cerebral circulation. ET(B)R in the endothelium mediates the release of relaxing factors such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, and could also play a role in ET-1 clearance. ET(B)R in VSM mediates increases in [Ca(2+)](i), protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase and other pathways of VSM contraction and cell growth. ET-1/ET(A)R signaling has been associated with salt-sensitive hypertension (HTN) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and ET(A)R antagonists have shown some benefits in these conditions. In search for other pathogenetic factors and more effective approaches, the role of alterations in endothelial ET(B)R and VSM ET(B)R in vascular dysfunction, and the potential benefits of modulators of ET(B)R in treatment of HTN and PAH are being examined. Combined ET(A)R/ET(B)R antagonists could be more efficacious in the management of conditions involving upregulation of ET(A)R and ET(B)R in VSM. Combined ET(A)R antagonist with ET(B)R agonist may need to be evaluated in conditions associated with decreased endothelial ET(B)R expression/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Q Mazzuca
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Abstract
Dopamine is an important regulator of systemic blood pressure via multiple mechanisms. It affects fluid and electrolyte balance by its actions on renal hemodynamics and epithelial ion and water transport and by regulation of hormones and humoral agents. The kidney synthesizes dopamine from circulating or filtered L-DOPA independently from innervation. The major determinants of the renal tubular synthesis/release of dopamine are probably sodium intake and intracellular sodium. Dopamine exerts its actions via two families of cell surface receptors, D1-like receptors comprising D1R and D5R, and D2-like receptors comprising D2R, D3R, and D4R, and by interactions with other G protein-coupled receptors. D1-like receptors are linked to vasodilation, while the effect of D2-like receptors on the vasculature is variable and probably dependent upon the state of nerve activity. Dopamine secreted into the tubular lumen acts mainly via D1-like receptors in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate ion transport in the proximal and distal nephron. These effects are mediated mainly by tubular mechanisms and augmented by hemodynamic mechanisms. The natriuretic effect of D1-like receptors is caused by inhibition of ion transport in the apical and basolateral membranes. D2-like receptors participate in the inhibition of ion transport during conditions of euvolemia and moderate volume expansion. Dopamine also controls ion transport and blood pressure by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory response. Essential hypertension is associated with abnormalities in dopamine production, receptor number, and/or posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Armando
- Children’s National Medical Center—Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Van Anthony M. Villar
- Children’s National Medical Center—Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Children’s National Medical Center—Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Washington, District of Columbia
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13
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 1988 as an endothelial cell-derived peptide that exerts the most potent vasoconstriction of any known endogenous compound, endothelin (ET) has emerged as an important regulator of renal physiology and pathophysiology. This review focuses on how the ET system impacts renal function in health; it is apparent that ET regulates multiple aspects of kidney function. These include modulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, control of renin release, and regulation of transport of sodium, water, protons, and bicarbonate. These effects are exerted through ET interactions with almost every cell type in the kidney, including mesangial cells, podocytes, endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, every section of the nephron, and renal nerves. In addition, while not the subject of the current review, ET can also indirectly affect renal function through modulation of extrarenal systems, including the vasculature, nervous system, adrenal gland, circulating hormones, and the heart. As will become apparent, these pleiotropic effects of ET are of fundamental physiologic importance in the control of renal function in health. In addition, to help put these effects into perspective, we will also discuss, albeit to a relatively limited extent, how alterations in the ET system can contribute to hypertension and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Kohan DE, Rossi NF, Inscho EW, Pollock DM. Regulation of blood pressure and salt homeostasis by endothelin. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:1-77. [PMID: 21248162 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00060.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET) peptides and their receptors are intimately involved in the physiological control of systemic blood pressure and body Na homeostasis, exerting these effects through alterations in a host of circulating and local factors. Hormonal systems affected by ET include natriuretic peptides, aldosterone, catecholamines, and angiotensin. ET also directly regulates cardiac output, central and peripheral nervous system activity, renal Na and water excretion, systemic vascular resistance, and venous capacitance. ET regulation of these systems is often complex, sometimes involving opposing actions depending on which receptor isoform is activated, which cells are affected, and what other prevailing factors exist. A detailed understanding of this system is important; disordered regulation of the ET system is strongly associated with hypertension and dysregulated extracellular fluid volume homeostasis. In addition, ET receptor antagonists are being increasingly used for the treatment of a variety of diseases; while demonstrating benefit, these agents also have adverse effects on fluid retention that may substantially limit their clinical utility. This review provides a detailed analysis of how the ET system is involved in the control of blood pressure and Na homeostasis, focusing primarily on physiological regulation with some discussion of the role of the ET system in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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Lima VV, Giachini FR, Hardy DM, Webb RC, Tostes RC. O-GlcNAcylation: a novel pathway contributing to the effects of endothelin in the vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R236-50. [PMID: 21068200 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) or O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a posttranslational modification that alters the function of numerous proteins important in vascular function, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is an innovative way to think about vascular signaling events both in physiological conditions and in disease states. This posttranslational modification interferes with vascular processes, mainly vascular reactivity, in conditions where endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are augmented (e.g. salt-sensitive hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion, and stroke). ET-1 plays a crucial role in the vascular function of most organ systems, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Recognition of ET-1 by the ET(A) and ET(B) receptors activates intracellular signaling pathways and cascades that result in rapid and long-term alterations in vascular activity and function. Components of these ET-1-activated signaling pathways (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C, RhoA/Rho kinase) are also targets for O-GlcNAcylation. Recent experimental evidence suggests that ET-1 directly activates O-GlcNAcylation, and this posttranslational modification mediates important vascular effects of the peptide. This review focuses on ET-1-activated signaling pathways that can be modified by O-GlcNAcylation. A brief description of the O-GlcNAcylation biology is presented, and its role on vascular function is addressed. ET-1-induced O-GlcNAcylation and its implications for vascular function are then discussed. Finally, the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and O-phosphorylation is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lima
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
The collecting duct endothelin (ET) system, involving ET-1 and its two receptors, is involved in the physiologic regulation of renal sodium (Na), water, and acid excretion. Based on in vitro studies and experiments using genetically engineered rodents, the physiology of this system in the collecting duct is being elucidated. Activation of endothelin B (ETB) receptors on principal cells causes inhibition of Na transport through signaling pathways involving src kinase, MAPK1/2, nitric oxide, and possibly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Principal-cell ETB receptors also cause inhibition of water transport through protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP accumulation. ETB receptors expressed on intercalated cells augment acid secretion, possibly through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. The role of endothelin A (ETA) receptors in the collecting duct remains unclear; however, recent evidence suggests that these receptors can exert natriuretic and diuretic effects. Further complexity is lent to this system by studies indicating that ETA and ETB receptors can homo- and hetero-dimerize, with possible functional consequences. This brief review will describe our current state of knowledge about this complex regulatory system in the collecting duct, and will identify clinically relevant issues that need addressing.
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