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Guerra Hernández NE, Gómez Tenorio C, Méndez Silva LP, Moraleda Mesa T, Escobar LI, Salvador C, Vargas Poussou R, García Nieto VM. Autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis in two pediatric patients with mutations in the SLC4A1 gene. Can the maximum urinary pCO 2 test be normal? Nefrologia 2023; 43:484-490. [PMID: 37775346 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare tubulopathy characterised by the presence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. It is caused by the existence of a defect in the function of the H+ -ATPase located on the luminal side of the α-intercalated cells or the Cl - HCO3- (AE1) anion exchanger located on the basolateral side. Patients do not acidify the urine after acid overload (NH4Cl) or after stimulating H+ secretion by obtaining a high intratubular concentration of an anion such as chlorine (pH is measured) or HCO3- (urinary pCO2 is measured). We present a family with autosomal dominant dRTA produced by a heterozygous mutation in the SLC4A1 gene in which the two paediatric members showed a test of normal maximum urinary pCO2. Our hypothesis is that since the H + -ATPase is intact, at least initially, the stimulation induced by intratubular electronegativity to secrete H + could be effective, which would allow the maximum urinary pCO2 to be paradoxically normal, which could explain the onset, moderate presentation of symptoms and late diagnosis in patients with this mutation. This is the first documented case of a dominant dRTA in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma E Guerra Hernández
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional «La Raza», Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Circe Gómez Tenorio
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional «La Raza», Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Hospital de Ginecología No. 48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Laura Paloma Méndez Silva
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Hospital de Ginecología No. 48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Teresa Moraleda Mesa
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura I Escobar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Salvador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor M García Nieto
- Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
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Long-term complications of primary distal renal tubular acidosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:635-642. [PMID: 35543873 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of primary distal renal tubular acidosis usually begin in childhood, but the disease is caused by a genetic defect that persists throughout life. This review focuses on the complications of distal tubular acidosis that occur or remain long-term such as nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis, growth impairment, bone mineralization, severe hypokalemia, kidney cysts, and progressive kidney failure, as well as other persistent manifestations that occur independent of acidosis but are associated with some inherited forms of the disease. The pathogenic factors responsible for kidney failure are discussed in particular because it is a complication to which different publications have recently drawn attention and which affects a high percentage of adults with primary distal renal tubular acidosis. The need to maintain optimal metabolic control of the disease and scheduled clinical follow-up throughout life and the importance of organizing protocols for the transition of patients to adult nephrology services are emphasized.
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Li J, Wang X, Zheng N, Wang X, Liu Y, Xue L. A novel variant of SLC4A1 for hereditary spherocytosis in a Chinese family: a case report and systematic review. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:250. [PMID: 36463227 PMCID: PMC9719243 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is approximately 1:2000 in the western population, while it is much lower in the Chinese population. It is difficult to make a definite diagnosis due to the variable genotypic features and the lack of well-documented evidence for HS patients. Gene sequence examination is helpful for clear diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION We presented the case of a 29-year-old male HS patient with skin yellowness, anorexia, and cholecystolithiasis as the first manifestations. Laboratory examination of the patient and his parents showed a mild reduction in hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, increased reticulocytes, and promotion of indirect bilirubin in the patient and his father. Furthermore, small globular red blood cells with increased osmotic fragility were observed. In particular, the eosin-5'-maleimide binding test provided the strong evidence that band 3 protein was deleted in the erythrocyte membrane. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing further demonstrated a heterozygous nonsense variant (exon16, c.G1985A: p.W662X) in SLC4A1, inherited from his father. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with HS, and then was effectively treated. After splenectomy, the anemia was relieved without any obvious unpleasant side effects. CONCLUSION We report an extremely rare case of HS in China that presented with hereditary hemolytic anemia with band 3 deletion resulting from a novel variant of SLC4A1, and systematically review a large number of related literatures. This study, therefore, significantly contributes to the literature on HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, 348 West Heping Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liying Xue
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, 050000, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Giovanni Raimondo P, Ilaria P, Andrea S, Pierangela C, Fabio P, Tommaso M, Marco Z, Enrico F. A novel SLC4A1 mutation in a child with hereditary spherocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29729. [PMID: 35441494 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Possenti Ilaria
- Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Children Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Secco Andrea
- Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Children Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Paglialonga Fabio
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione Ca' Grande IRRCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mina Tommaso
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zecca Marco
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Felici Enrico
- Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Children Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
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Guerra Hernández NE, Gómez Tenorio C, Méndez Silva LP, Moraleda Mesa T, Escobar LI, Salvador C, Vargas Poussou R, García Nieto VM. Acidosis tubular renal distal autosómica dominante en dos pacientes pediátricos con mutaciones en el gen SLC4A1. ¿La prueba de la pCO2 urinaria máxima puede ser normal? Nefrologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis in an Iranian Patient with Hereditary Spherocytosis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:359-67. [PMID: 34481427 PMCID: PMC8487683 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.5.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary dRTA are associated with mutations in the SLC4A1 gene encoding the AE1. In this study, some patients with clinical evidence of congenital HS and renal symptoms were investigated. Methods: Twelve patients with congenital HS and renal symptoms were recruited from Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital (Tehran, Iran). A patient suspected of having dRTA was examined using WES method, followed by Sanger sequencing. Results: One patient (HS03) showed severe failure to thrive, short stature, frequent urinary infection, and weakness. A homozygote (rs571376371 for c.2494C>T; p.Arg832Cys) and a heterozygote (rs377051298 for c.466C>T; p.Arg156Trp) missense variant were identified in the SLC4A1 and SPTA1 genes, respectively. The compound heterozygous mutations manifested as idRTA and severe HS in patient HS03. Conclusion: Our observations, for the first time, revealed clinical and genetic characteristics of idRTA and severe HS in an Iranian patient HS03.
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A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in SLC4A1 Gene Causing Severe Hereditary Spherocytosis and Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:233-234. [PMID: 31933135 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Watanabe T. Improving outcomes for patients with distal renal tubular acidosis: recent advances and challenges ahead. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2018; 9:181-190. [PMID: 30588151 PMCID: PMC6296208 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s174459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by impaired distal acidification due to a failure of type A intercalated cells (A-ICs) in the collecting tubule. dRTA is characterized by persistent hyperchloremia, a normal plasma anion gap, and the inability to maximally lower urinary pH in the presence of systemic metabolic acidosis. Common clinical features of dRTA include vomiting, failure to thrive, polyuria, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, growth delay, and rickets. Mutations in genes encoding three distinct transport proteins in A-ICs have been identified as causes of dRTA, including the B1/ATP6V1B1 and a4/ATP6V0A4 subunits of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (H+-ATPase) and the chloride–bicarbonate exchanger AE1/SLC4A1. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4 lead to autosomal recessive (AR) dRTA. dRTA caused by SLC4A1 mutations can occur with either autosomal dominant or AR transmission. Red blood cell abnormalities have been associated with AR dRTA due to SLC4A1 mutations, including hereditary spherocytosis, Southeast Asia ovalocytosis, and others. Some patients with dRTA exhibit atypical clinical features, including transient and reversible proximal tubular dysfunction and hyperammonemia. Incomplete dRTA presents with inadequate urinary acidification, but without spontaneous metabolic acidosis and recurrent urinary stones. Heterozygous mutations in the AE1 or H+-ATPase genes have recently been reported in patients with incomplete dRTA. Early and sufficient doses of alkali treatment are needed for patients with dRTA. Normalized serum bicarbonate, urinary calcium excretion, urinary low-molecular-weight protein levels, and growth rate are good markers of adherence to and/or efficacy of treatment. The prognosis of dRTA is generally good in patients with appropriate treatment. However, recent studies showed an increased frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with dRTA during long-term follow-up. The precise pathogenic mechanisms of CKD in patients with dRTA are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata City 950-1197, Japan,
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Lin PC, Chiou SS, Lin CY, Wang SC, Huang HY, Chang YS, Tseng YH, Kan TM, Liao YM, Tsai SP, Peng CT, Chang JG. Whole-exome sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of congenital red blood cell membrane disorders in Taiwan. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:311-317. [PMID: 30317022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital hemolytic anemia caused by red blood cell (RBC) membrane defects is a heterogeneous group of disorders. The present study aimed to search the causative gene mutations in patients with RBC membrane disorders in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Next-generation sequencing approach using whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Sanger sequencing was performed for confirmation of variants detected in WES in patients and their family members. RESULTS Five causative variants, including two ANK1, two SPTA and one SPTB variants, were detected in four patients. All these variants, except one SPTA1 variant c.83G > A (p.R28H), are novel variants. Their pedigree analysis showed one de novo SPTA1 mutation c.83G > A (p.R28H) combined with αLELY, one de novo ANK1 mutation c.1034C > A (p.A345E), one autosomal dominant combined SPTA1 c.4604A > C (p.Q1535P) and SPTB c.6203 T > C (p.L2068P) mutations and one autosomal dominant ANK1 c.4462C > T (p.R1488X) mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that WES is an efficient tool for determining genetic etiologies of RBC membrane disorders and can facilitate accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling. Additional studies should be conducted on larger cohorts to investigate the distribution of gene mutations in patients with RBC membrane disorders in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sian Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pien Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tien Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Reithmeier RAF, Casey JR, Kalli AC, Sansom MSP, Alguel Y, Iwata S. Band 3, the human red cell chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger (AE1, SLC4A1), in a structural context. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1507-32. [PMID: 27058983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the dimeric membrane domain of human Band 3(1), the red cell chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 1 (AE1, SLC4A1), provides a structural context for over four decades of studies into this historic and important membrane glycoprotein. In this review, we highlight the key structural features responsible for anion binding and translocation and have integrated the following topological markers within the Band 3 structure: blood group antigens, N-glycosylation site, protease cleavage sites, inhibitor and chemical labeling sites, and the results of scanning cysteine and N-glycosylation mutagenesis. Locations of mutations linked to human disease, including those responsible for Southeast Asian ovalocytosis, hereditary stomatocytosis, hereditary spherocytosis, and distal renal tubular acidosis, provide molecular insights into their effect on Band 3 folding. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of phosphatidylcholine self-assembled around Band 3 provide a view of this membrane protein within a lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart A F Reithmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Antreas C Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yilmaz Alguel
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - So Iwata
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Pereira PCB, Melo FM, De Marco LAC, Oliveira EA, Miranda DM, Simões e Silva AC. Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2015. [PMID: 26208211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis due to impaired renal acid excretion. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genetic diagnosis of four children with dRTA through use of whole-exome sequencing. METHODS Two unrelated families were selected; a total of four children with dRTA and their parents, in order to perform whole-exome sequencing. Hearing was preserved in both children from the first family, but not in the second, wherein a twin pair had severe deafness. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in two pooled samples and findings were confirmed with Sanger sequencing method. RESULTS Two mutations were identified in the ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 genes. In the first family, a novel mutation in the exon 13 of the ATP6V0A4 gene with a single nucleotide change GAC → TAC (c.1232G>T) was found, which caused a substitution of aspartic acid to tyrosine in position 411. In the second family, a homozygous recurrent mutation with one base-pair insertion (c.1149_1155insC) in exon 12 of the ATP6V1B1 gene was detected. CONCLUSION These results confirm the value of whole-exome sequencing for the study of rare and complex genetic nephropathies, allowing the identification of novel and recurrent mutations. Furthermore, for the first time the application of this molecular method in renal tubular diseases has been clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Barros Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Medeiros Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Armando Cunha De Marco
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Araújo Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques Miranda
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Whole‐exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for distal renal tubular acidosis. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Chu CY, King J, Berrini M, Rumley AC, Apaja PM, Lukacs GL, Alexander RT, Cordat E. Degradation mechanism of a Golgi-retained distal renal tubular acidosis mutant of the kidney anion exchanger 1 in renal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C296-307. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00310.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) can be caused by mutations in the SLC4A1 gene encoding the anion exchanger 1 (AE1). Both recessive and dominant mutations result in mistrafficking of proteins, preventing them from reaching the basolateral membrane of renal epithelial cells, where their function is needed. In this study, we show that two dRTA mutants are prematurely degraded. Therefore, we investigated the degradation pathway of the kidney AE1 G701D mutant that is retained in the Golgi. Little is known about degradation of nonnative membrane proteins from the Golgi compartments in mammalian cells. We show that the kidney AE1 G701D mutant is polyubiquitylated and degraded by the lysosome and the proteosome. This mutant reaches the plasma membrane, where it is endocytosed and degraded by the lysosome via a mechanism dependent on the peripheral quality control machinery. Furthermore, we show that the function of the mutant is rescued at the cell surface upon inhibition of the lysosome and incubation with a chemical chaperone. We conclude that modulating the peripheral quality control machinery may provide a novel therapeutic option for treatment of patients with dRTA due to a Golgi-retained mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Y. Chu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Jennifer King
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Mattia Berrini
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Alina C. Rumley
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Pirjo M. Apaja
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gergely L. Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R. Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Emmanuelle Cordat
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
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Cordat E, Reithmeier RA. Structure, Function, and Trafficking of SLC4 and SLC26 Anion Transporters. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 73:1-67. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800223-0.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Functional rescue of a kidney anion exchanger 1 trafficking mutant in renal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57062. [PMID: 23460825 PMCID: PMC3584104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SLC4A1 gene encoding the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) can cause distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), a disease often due to mis-trafficking of the mutant protein. In this study, we investigated whether trafficking of a Golgi-retained dRTA mutant, G701D kAE1, or two dRTA mutants retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, C479W and R589H kAE1, could be functionally rescued to the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. Treatments with DMSO, glycerol, the corrector VX-809, or low temperature incubations restored the basolateral trafficking of G701D kAE1 mutant. These treatments had no significant rescuing effect on trafficking of the mis-folded C479W or R589H kAE1 mutants. DMSO was the only treatment that partially restored G701D kAE1 function in the plasma membrane of MDCK cells. Our experiments show that trafficking of intracellularly retained dRTA kAE1 mutants can be partially restored, and that one chemical treatment rescued both trafficking and function of a dRTA mutant. These studies provide an opportunity to develop alternative therapeutic solutions for dRTA patients.
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Batlle D, Haque SK. Genetic causes and mechanisms of distal renal tubular acidosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 27:3691-704. [PMID: 23114896 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary or hereditary forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) have received increased attention because of advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism, whereby mutations in the main proteins involved in acid-base transport result in impaired acid excretion. Dysfunction of intercalated cells in the collecting tubules accounts for all the known genetic causes of dRTA. These cells secrete protons into the tubular lumen through H(+)-ATPases functionally coupled to the basolateral anion exchanger 1 (AE1). The substrate for both transporters is provided by the catalytic activity of the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), an enzyme which is also present in the proximal tubular cells and osteoclasts. Mutations in ATP6V1B1, encoding the B-subtype unit of the apical H(+) ATPase, and ATP6V0A4, encoding the a-subtype unit, lead to the loss of function of the apical H(+) ATPase and are usually responsible for patients with autosomal recessive dRTA often associated with early or late sensorineural deafness. Mutations in the gene encoding the cytosolic CA II are associated with the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis, mixed distal and proximal RTA and cerebral calcification. Mutations in the AE1, the gene that encodes the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, usually present as dominant dRTA, but a recessive pattern has been recently described. Several studies have shown trafficking defects in the mutant protein rather than the lack of function as the major mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of dRTA from AE1 mutations.
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Khositseth S, Bruce LJ, Walsh SB, Bawazir WM, Ogle GD, Unwin RJ, Thong MK, Sinha R, Choo KE, Chartapisak W, Kingwatanakul P, Sumboonnanonda A, Vasuvattakul S, Yenchitsomanus P, Wrong O. Tropical distal renal tubular acidosis: clinical and epidemiological studies in 78 patients. QJM 2012; 105:861-77. [PMID: 22919024 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) caused by mutations of the SLC4A1 gene encoding the erythroid and kidney isoforms of anion exchanger 1 (AE1 or band 3) has a high prevalence in some tropical countries, particularly Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Here the disease is almost invariably recessive and can result from either homozygous or compound heterozygous SLC4A1 mutations. METHODS We have collected and reviewed our own and published data on tropical dRTA to provide a comprehensive series of clinical and epidemiological studies in 78 patients. RESULTS Eight responsible SLC4A1 mutations have been described so far, four of them affecting multiple unrelated families. With the exception of the mutation causing South-East Asian ovalocytosis (SAO), none of these mutations has been reported outside the tropics, where dRTA caused by SLC4A1 mutations is much rarer and almost always dominant, resulting from mutations that are quite different from those found in the tropics. SLC4A1 mutations, including those causing dRTA, may cause morphological red cell changes, often with excess haemolysis. In dRTA, these red cell changes are usually clinically recessive and not present in heterozygotes. The high tropical prevalence of dRTA caused by SLC4A1 mutations is currently unexplained. CONCLUSION A hypothesis suggesting that changes in red cell metabolism caused by these mutations might protect against malaria is put forward to explain the phenomenon, and a possible mechanism for this effect is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khositseth
- University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus and Hospital, London NW3 2PF, UK
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Zhang Z, Liu KX, He JW, Fu WZ, Yue H, Zhang H, Zhang CQ, Zhang ZL. Identification of Two Novel Mutations in the SLC4A1 Gene in Two Unrelated Chinese Families with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Almomani EY, Chu CY, Cordat E. Mis-trafficking of bicarbonate transporters: implications to human diseasesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue entitled CSBMCB 53rd Annual Meeting — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 89:157-77. [DOI: 10.1139/o10-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicarbonate is a waste product of mitochondrial respiration and one of the main buffers in the human body. Thus, bicarbonate transporters play an essential role in maintaining acid-base balance but also during fetal development as they ensure tight regulation of cytosolic and extracellular environments. Bicarbonate transporters belong to two gene families, SLC4A and SLC26A. Proteins from these two families are widely expressed, and thus mutations in their genes result in various diseases that affect bones, pancreas, reproduction, brain, kidneys, eyes, heart, thyroid, red blood cells, and lungs. In this minireview, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of SLC4A and SLC26A mutants, with a special emphasis on mutants that have been studied in mammalian cell lines and how they correlate with phenotypes observed in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensaf Y. Almomani
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Carmen Y.S. Chu
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Cordat
- Membrane Protein Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Band 3 Edmonton I, a novel mutant of the anion exchanger 1 causing spherocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis. Biochem J 2010; 426:379-88. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
dRTA (distal renal tubular acidosis) and HS (hereditary spherocytosis) are two diseases that can be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the AE1 (anion exchanger 1; Band 3). dRTA is characterized by defective urinary acidification, leading to metabolic acidosis, renal stones and failure to thrive. HS results in anaemia, which may require regular blood transfusions and splenectomy. Mutations in the gene encoding AE1 rarely cause both HS and dRTA. In the present paper, we describe a novel AE1 mutation, Band 3 Edmonton I, which causes dominant HS and recessive dRTA. The patient is a compound heterozygote with the new mutation C479W and the previously described mutation G701D. Red blood cells from the patient presented a reduced amount of AE1. Expression in a kidney cell line showed that kAE1 (kidney AE1) C479W is retained intracellularly. As kAE1 is a dimer, we performed co-expression studies and found that, in kidney cells, kAE1 C479W and G701D proteins traffic independently from each other despite their ability to form heterodimers. Therefore the patient carries one kAE1 mutant that is retained in the Golgi (G701D) and another kAE1 mutant (C479W) located in the endoplasmic reticulum of kidney cells, and is thus probably unable to reabsorb bicarbonate into the blood. We conclude that the C479W mutant is a novel trafficking mutant of AE1, which causes HS due to a decreased cell-surface AE1 protein and results in dRTA due to its intracellular retention in kidney.
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