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Martino F, Amici G, Godi I, Baretta M, Biasi C, Carta M, Corradi V, De Cal M, Knust M, Tamayod C, Varotto A, Iannucci G, Giavarina D, Savastano S, Ronco C. Gadolinium-based contrast media exposure and the possible risk of subclinical kidney damage: a pilot study. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:1883-1889. [PMID: 33439403 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of future research about the presence of subclinical kidney damage after Gadolinium-based contrast media exposure. The future study aims to understand which are the behaviors of two markers of kidney damage, such as urinary NephroCheck (NC) and/or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Specifically, after GBCM exposure, NC urinary detection should identify proximal tubule damage while NGAL urinary detection should be related to distal tubule damage. METHODS We performed a pilot study in patients who had Gadolinium exposure. The feasibility of future study is reached when at least 90% of candidates completed the pilot study. In each patient, we tested urinary NC and NGAL levels 24 h before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 12-24 h after the exposure. Furthermore, we evaluated the administration of other nephrotoxic agents, the presence of comorbidity, and kidney function by S-creatinine and urine protein before the MRI. RESULTS We enrolled 35 candidates of whom 33 patients completed all study procedures. Our population had a mean age of 60.7 ± 14.8 years with normal kidney function with a median S-creatinine equal to 0.7 mg/dl (Interquartile range [IQR] 0.6-0.91). Urinary NC levels increased from 0.21 ng2/ml2 (IQR 0.11-0.4) before MRI to 0.34 ng2/ml2 (IQR 0.16-0.86) (p = 0.005). Conversely, we did not appreciate any significant modification in urinary NGAL (p = 0.53). CONCLUSION Our pilot study seems adequate in terms of feasibility and encourages us to focus our future research on renal proximal tubule, as the principal site of subclinical kidney damage after Gadolinium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Martino
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy. .,UO Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Amici
- UO Nephrology and Dialysis, San Daniele del Friuli, and Tolmezzo Hospital, ASUFC, San Daniele del Friuli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Godi
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Michele Baretta
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Caterina Biasi
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Carta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Massimo De Cal
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - MaÍra Knust
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamayod
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessia Varotto
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Davide Giavarina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Ronco
- International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,UO Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
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Li H, Sibley CD, Kharel Y, Huang T, Brown AM, Wonilowicz LG, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Lipophilic tail modifications of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine scaffold reveal dual sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 30:115941. [PMID: 33385956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is an attractive target for pharmacological manipulation due to its involvement in cancer progression and immune cell chemotaxis. The synthesis of S1P is catalyzed by the action of sphingosine kinase 1 or 2 (SphK1 or SphK2) on sphingosine and ATP. While potent and selective inhibitors of SphK1 or SphK2 have been reported, development of potent dual SphK1/SphK2 inhibitors are still needed. Towards this end, we report the structure-activity relationship profiling of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-based inhibitors with 22d being the most potent dual SphK1/SphK2 inhibitor (SphK1 Ki = 0.679 μM, SphK2 Ki = 0.951 μM) reported in this series. 22d inhibited the growth of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and decreased S1P levels in histiocytic lymphoma myeloid cell line (U937 cells), demonstrating inhibition of SphK1 and 2 in vitro. Molecular modeling studies of 22d docked inside the Sph binding pocket of both SphK1 and SphK2 indicate essential hydrogen bond between the 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine head to interact with aspartic acid and serine residues near the ATP binding pocket, which provide the basis for dual inhibition. In addition, the dodecyl tail adopts a "J-shape" conformation found in crystal structure of sphingosine bound to SphK1. Collectively, these studies provide insight into the intermolecular interactions in the SphK1 and 2 active sites to achieve maximal dual inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | | | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Laura G Wonilowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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3
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Lan T, Li C, Yang G, Sun Y, Zhuang L, Ou Y, Li H, Wang G, Kisseleva T, Brenner D, Guo J. Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes liver fibrosis by preventing miR-19b-3p-mediated inhibition of CCR2. Hepatology 2018; 68:1070-1086. [PMID: 29572892 PMCID: PMC6174945 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic liver disease mediated by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) leads to liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and define the cell type involved in mediating the sphingosine kinase (SphK)1-dependent effect on liver fibrosis. The levels of expression and activity of SphK1 were significantly increased in fibrotic livers compared with the normal livers in human. SphK1 was coexpressed with a range of HSC/KC markers including desmin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and F4/80 in fibrotic liver. Deficiency of SphK1 (SphK1-/- ) resulted in a marked amelioration of hepatic injury, including transaminase activities, histology, collagen deposition, α-SMA and inflammation, in CCl4 or bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced mice. Likewise, treatment with a specific inhibitor of SphK1, 5C, also significantly prevented liver injury and fibrosis in mice induced by CCl4 or BDL. In cellular levels, inhibition of SphK1 significantly blocked the activation and migration of HSCs and KCs. Moreover, SphK1 knockout in KCs reduced the secretion of CCL2, and SphK1 knockout in HSCs reduced C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 ([CCR2] CCL2 receptor) expression in HSCs. CCL2 in SphK1-/- mice was lower whereas microRNA-19b-3p in SphK1-/- mice was higher compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, microRNA-19b-3p downregulated CCR2 in HSCs. The functional effect of SphK1 in HSCs on liver fibrosis was further strengthened by the results of animal experiments using a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method. CONCLUSION SphK1 has distinct roles in the activation of KCs and HSCs in liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, SphK1 in KCs mediates CCL2 secretion, and SphK1 in HSCs upregulates CCR2 by downregulation of miR-19b-3p. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Guizhi Yang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yue Sun
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
| | - Lihang Zhuang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yitao Ou
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - David Brenner
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangzhouChina,Joint Laboratory of GuangdongHong Kong and Macao on Glycolipid Metabolic DiseasesGuangzhouChina
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Identification of selective inhibitors of sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 through a structure–activity relationship study of 4- epi -jaspine B. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3046-3052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hatoum D, Haddadi N, Lin Y, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. Mammalian sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes and isoform expression: challenges for SphK as an oncotarget. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36898-36929. [PMID: 28415564 PMCID: PMC5482707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The various sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes (isozymes) and isoforms, key players in normal cellular physiology, are strongly implicated in cancer and other diseases. Mutations in SphKs, that may justify abnormal physiological function, have not been recorded. Nonetheless, there is a large and growing body of evidence demonstrating the contribution of gain or loss of function and the imbalance in the SphK/S1P rheostat to a plethora of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. SphK is expressed as two isozymes SphK1 and SphK2, transcribed from genes located on different chromosomes and both isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Expression of each SphK isozyme produces alternately spliced isoforms. In recent years the importance of the contribution of SpK1 expression to treatment resistance in cancer has been highlighted and, additionally, differences in treatment outcome appear to also be dependent upon SphK isoform expression. This review focuses on an exciting emerging area of research involving SphKs functions, expression and subcellular localization, highlighting the complexity of targeting SphK in cancer and also comorbid diseases. This review also covers the SphK isoenzymes and isoforms from a historical perspective, from their first discovery in murine species and then in humans, their role(s) in normal cellular function and in disease processes, to advancement of SphK as an oncotarget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Houck JD, Dawson TK, Kennedy AJ, Kharel Y, Naimon ND, Field SD, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL. Structural Requirements and Docking Analysis of Amidine-Based Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitors Containing Oxadiazoles. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:487-92. [PMID: 27190598 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent growth-signaling lipid that has been implicated in cancer progression, inflammation, sickle cell disease, and fibrosis. Two sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and 2) are the source of S1P; thus, inhibitors of the SphKs have potential as targeted cancer therapies and will help to clarify the roles of S1P and the SphKs in other hyperproliferative diseases. Recently, we reported a series of amidine-based inhibitors with high selectivity for SphK1 and potency in the nanomolar range. However, these inhibitors display a short half-life. With the goal of increasing metabolic stability and maintaining efficacy, we designed an analogous series of molecules containing oxadiazole moieties. Generation of a library of molecules resulted in the identification of the most selective inhibitor of SphK1 reported to date (705-fold selectivity over SphK2), and we found that potency and selectivity vary significantly depending on the particular oxadiazole isomer employed. The best inhibitors were subjected to in silico molecular dynamics docking analysis, which revealed key insights into the binding of amidine-based inhibitors by SphK1. Herein, the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking analysis of these molecules are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Houck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thomas K. Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Niels D. Naimon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Saundra D. Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Timothy L. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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7
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Abstract
Lymphatic vessels (LVs) are involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes such as fluid homoeostasis, immune surveillance, and resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Lymphangiogenesis, the outgrowth of existing LVs and the formation of new ones, has received increasing attention over the past decade on account of its prominence in organ physiology and pathology, which has been enabled by the development of specific tools to study lymph vessel functions. Several studies have been devoted to renal lymphatic vasculature and lymphangiogenesis in kidney diseases, such as chronic renal transplant dysfunction, primary renal fibrotic disorders, proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy and renal inflammation. This review describes the most recent findings on lymphangiogenesis, with a specific focus on renal lymphangiogenesis and its impact on renal diseases. We suggest renal lymphatics as a possible target for therapeutic interventions in renal medicine to dampen tubulointerstitial tissue remodelling and improve renal functioning.
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Huang J, Huang K, Lan T, Xie X, Shen X, Liu P, Huang H. Curcumin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the activation of the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:231-40. [PMID: 23127801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a major polyphenol from the golden spice Curcuma longa commonly known as turmeric, has been recently discovered to have renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that the sphingosine kinase 1-sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1-S1P) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DN. This study aims to investigate whether the renoprotective effects of curcumin on DN are associated with its inhibitory effects on the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that the expression and activity of SphK1 and the production of S1P were significantly down-regulated by curcumin in diabetic rat kidneys and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) exposed to high glucose (HG). Simultaneously, SphK1-S1P-mediated fibronectin (FN) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) overproduction were inhibited. In addition, curcumin dose dependently reduced SphK1 expression and activity in GMCs transfected with SphK(WT) and significantly suppressed the increase in SphK1-mediated FN levels. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited the DNA-binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1), and c-Jun small interference RNA (c-Jun-siRNA) reversed the HG-induced up-regulation of SphK1. These findings suggested that down-regulation of the SphK1-S1P pathway is probably a novel mechanism by which curcumin improves the progression of DN. Inhibiting AP-1 activation is one of the therapeutic targets of curcumin to modulate the SphK1-S1P signaling pathway, thereby preventing diabetic renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Koch A, Völzke A, Wünsche C, Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Thiazolidinedione-dependent activation of sphingosine kinase 1 causes an anti-fibrotic effect in renal mesangial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1018-32. [PMID: 22221312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PPARγ agonists [thiazolidinediones (TZDs)] are known to exert anti-fibrotic effects in the kidney. In addition, we previously demonstrated that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK-1) and intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), by reducing the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), have a protective role in the fibrotic process. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Here, we investigated the effect of TZDs on intracellular sphingolipid levels and the transcriptional regulation of SK-1 in mesangial cells to evaluate potential novel aspects of the anti-fibrotic capacity of TZDs. KEY RESULTS Stimulation with the TZDs, troglitazone and rosiglitazone, led to increased S1P levels in rat mesangial cells. This was paralleled by increased SK-1 activity as a consequence of direct effects of the TZDs on SK-1 expression. GW-9662, a PPARγ antagonist, inhibited the stimulating effect of TZDs on SK-1 mRNA and activity levels and intracellular S1P concentrations. Furthermore, SK-1 up-regulation by TZDs was functionally coupled with lower amounts of pro-fibrotic CTGF. SK-1 inhibition with SKI II almost completely abolished this effect in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the CTGF lowering effect of TZDs was fully blocked in MC isolated from SK-1 deficient mice (SK-1(-/-) ) as well as in glomeruli of SK-1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice treated with TRO and RSG. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data show that TZD-induced SK-1 up-regulation results in lower amounts of CTGF, demonstrating novel facets for the anti-fibrotic effects of this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koch
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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