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Bai D, Ziadlou R, Vaijayanthi T, Karthikeyan S, Chinnathambi S, Parthasarathy A, Cai L, Brüggen MC, Sugiyama H, Pandian GN. Nucleic acid-based small molecules as targeted transcription therapeutics for immunoregulation. Allergy 2024; 79:843-860. [PMID: 38055191 DOI: 10.1111/all.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription therapy is an emerging approach that centers on identifying the factors associated with the malfunctioning gene transcription machinery that causes diseases and controlling them with designer agents. Until now, the primary research focus in therapeutic gene modulation has been on small-molecule drugs that target epigenetic enzymes and critical signaling pathways. However, nucleic acid-based small molecules have gained popularity in recent years for their amenability to be pre-designed and realize operative control over the dynamic transcription machinery that governs how the immune system responds to diseases. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) are well-established DNA-based small-molecule gene regulators that overcome the limitations of their conventional counterparts owing to their sequence-targeted specificity, versatile regulatory efficiency, and biocompatibility. Here, we emphasize the rational design of PIPs, their functional mechanisms, and their potential as targeted transcription therapeutics for disease treatment by regulating the immune response. Furthermore, we also discuss the challenges and foresight of this approach in personalized immunotherapy in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bai
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Reihane Ziadlou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thangavel Vaijayanthi
- Chief Executive Officer, Regugene Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Subramani Karthikeyan
- Centre for Healthcare Advancement, Innovation and Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Chief Executive Officer, Regugene Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Chief Executive Officer, Regugene Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Chen L, Fukuda N, Ueno T, Abe M, Matsumoto T. Development of multifunctional pyrrole-imidazole polyamides that increase hepatocyte growth factor and suppress transforming growth factor-β1. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:1-8. [PMID: 38081679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The DNA recognition peptide compounds pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove and can block the binding of transcription factors to target sequences. To develop more PI polyamides as potential treatments for fibrotic diseases, including chronic renal failure, we developed multifunctional PI polyamides that increase hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and decrease transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. METHODS We designed seven PI polyamides (HGF-1 to HGF-7) that bind to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-1 (COUP-TF1) binding site of the HGF promoter sequence. We selected PI polyamides that increase HGF and suppress TGF-β1 in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). FINDINGS Gel shift assays showed that HGF-2 and HGF-4 bound the appropriate dsDNAs. HGF-2 and HGF-4 significantly inhibited the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in HDFs stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. HGF-2 and HGF-4 significantly inhibited the TGF-β1 protein expression in HDFs with siRNA targeting HGF, indicating that HGF-2 and HGF-4 directly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1. CONCLUSION The designed and synthetic HGF PI polyamides targeting the HGF promoter, which increased the expression of HGF and suppressed the expression of TGF-β, will be a potential practical medicine for fibrotic diseases, including progressive renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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Development of gene silencer pyrrole-imidazole polyamides targeting GSK3β for treatment of polycystic kidney diseases. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 151:148-155. [PMID: 36828617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB)-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway was reported to be involved in the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases (ADPKD). We designed and synthesized pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides as novel gene-silencers to prevent binding of CREB on the GSK3β gene promoter and examined the effects of the PI polyamides on proliferation and cyst formation of mouse collecting duct M1 cells. The GSK3β PI polyamides significantly inhibited expression of GSK3β mRNA in M1 cells with forskolin. To obtain cells as collecting ducts from ADPKD, the PKD1 gene was knocked down by shRNA. Lower concentrations of forskolin significantly stimulated proliferation of PKD1 knock-down M1 cells, whereas GSK3β PI polyamide significantly inhibited proliferation of PKD1 knock-down M1 cells with forskolin. Stimulation with forskolin for 5 days induced enlargement of cysts from PKD1 knock-down M1 cells. GSK3β PI polyamides significantly suppressed the enlargement of cysts with forskolin stimulation in PKD1 knock-down M1 cells. Thus, the present study showed that transcriptional suppression of the GSK3β gene by PI polyamides targeting the binding of CREB inhibited the proliferation and cyst formation of PKD1 knock-down M1 cells. The GSK3β PI polyamides may potentially be novel medicines for ADPKD.
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Gong F, Qu R, Li Y, Lv Y, Dai J. Astragalus Mongholicus: A review of its anti-fibrosis properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976561. [PMID: 36160396 PMCID: PMC9490009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibrosis-related diseases (FRD) include cerebral fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, etc. The effects of fibrosis can be severe, resulting in organ dysfunction, functional decline, and even organ failure, which can cause serious health problems.Aim: Currently, there is no effective modern medicine for anti-fibrosis in the clinics; however, Chinese medicine has a certain beneficial effect on treating such diseases. Astragalus Mongholicus (AM) has rich medicinal value, and its anti-fibrosis effect has been recently investigated. In recent years, more and more experimental studies have been conducted on the intervention of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), astragalus polysaccharide (APS), astragalus flavone, cycloastragalus alcohol, astragalus water extract and other pharmacological components in fibrosis-related diseases, attracting the interest of researchers. We aim to provide ideas for future research by summarizing recent research advances of AM in treating fibrosis-related diseases.Methods: A literature search was conducted from the core collections of electronic databases such as Baidu Literature, Sciencen.com, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the above keywords and the pharmacological and phytochemical details of the plant.Results: AM can be used to intervene in fibrosis-disease progression by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, the immune system, and metabolism.Conclusion: AS-IV, APS, and astragalus flavone were studied and discussed in detail. These components have high potential anti-fibrosis activity. Overall, this review aims to gain insight into the AM’s role in treating fibro-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Lv, ; Jingxing Dai,
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Lv, ; Jingxing Dai,
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Otsuki T, Fukuda N, Chen L, Tsunemi A, Abe M. Twist-related protein 1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis through the upregulation of complement 3. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272917. [PMID: 36018840 PMCID: PMC9417022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that complement 3 (C3) is upregulated and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon and renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney. We investigated roles of twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) in EMT phenomenon and renal fibrosis through C3 upregulation in a mouse UUO model with gene silencer pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides targeting TWIST1. We designed and synthesized PI polyamides targeting TWIST1 binding site on mouse pre-pro C3 promoter. Increased expression C3 mRNA with interferon-γ was significantly inhibited with PI polyamide in nephrotubular epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence showed suppression of E-cadherin and enhancement of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) stainings as EMT phenomena in UUO kidney. TWIST1 and C3 expression was significantly increased in UUO kidney versus contralateral unobstructed kidney (CUK). Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-SMA and renin mRNAs was increased in UUO kidney versus CUK. Systemic administration of TWIST1 PI polyamide significantly suppressed increased C3 expression in UUO kidney versus CUK. PI polyamide administration also suppressed the increased expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA and renin mRNAs and histologically improved renal fibrosis in UUO kidney. These findings indicate that TWIST1 induces EMT phenomenon and renal fibrosis by TGF-β1 upregulation of C3 in mouse UUO model and that TWIST1 PI polyamide may be a novel medicine for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Otsuki
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (NF); (MA)
| | - Lan Chen
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsunemi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (NF); (MA)
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Nagase H, Watanabe T, Koshikawa N, Yamamoto S, Takenaga K, Lin J. Mitochondria: Endosymbiont bacteria DNA sequence as a target against cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4834-4843. [PMID: 34533888 PMCID: PMC8645765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the energy factory for the cell, the mitochondrion, through its role of adenosine triphosphate production by oxidative phosphorylation, can be regarded as the guardian of well regulated cellular metabolism; the integrity of mitochondrial functions, however, is particularly vulnerable in cancer due to the lack of superstructures such as histone and lamina folds to protect the mitochondrial genome from unintended exposure, which consequently elevates risks of mutation. In cancer, mechanisms responsible for enforcing quality control surveillance for identifying and eliminating defective mitochondria are often poorly regulated, and certain uneliminated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and polymorphisms can be advantageous for the proliferation, progression, and metastasis of tumor cells. Such pathogenic mtDNA aberrations are likely to increase and occasionally be homoplasmic in cancer cells and, intriguingly, in normal cells in the proximity of tumor microenvironments as well. Distinct characteristics of these abnormalities in mtDNA may provide a new path for cancer therapy. Here we discuss a promising novel therapeutic strategy, using the sequence‐specific properties of pyrrole‐imidazole polyamide‐triphenylphosphonium conjugates, against cancer for clearing abnormal mtDNA by reactivating mitochondrial quality control surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagase
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seigi Yamamoto
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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Okamura M, Fukuda N, Horikoshi S, Kobayashi H, Tsunemi A, Akiya Y, Endo M, Matsumoto T, Abe M. Transcriptional Suppression of Diabetic Nephropathy with Novel Gene Silencer Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Preventing USF1 Binding to the TGF-β1 Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094741. [PMID: 33947045 PMCID: PMC8125144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) is a transcription factor that is increased in high-glucose conditions and activates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 promoter. We examined the effects of synthetic pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides in preventing USF1 binding on the TGF-β1 promoter in Wistar rats in which diabetic nephropathy was established by intravenous administration of streptozotocin (STZ). High glucose induced nuclear localization of USF1 in cultured mesangial cells (MCs). In MCs with high glucose, USF1 PI polyamide significantly inhibited increases in promoter activity of TGF-β1 and expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein, whereas it significantly decreased the expression of osteopontin and increased that of h-caldesmon mRNA. We also examined the effects of USF1 PI polyamide on diabetic nephropathy. Intraperitoneal injection of USF1 PI polyamide significantly suppressed urinary albumin excretion and decreased serum urea nitrogen in the STZ-diabetic rats. USF1 PI polyamide significantly decreased the glomerular injury score and tubular injury score in the STZ-diabetic rats. It also suppressed the immunostaining of TGF-β1 in the glomerulus and proximal tubules and significantly decreased the expression of TGF-β1 protein from kidney in these rats. These findings indicate that synthetic USF1 PI polyamide could potentially be a practical medicine for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiyo Okamura
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (M.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111 (N.F.); Fax: +81-3-3972-8666 (N.F.)
| | - Shu Horikoshi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Akiko Tsunemi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yurie Akiya
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Morito Endo
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-8588, Japan;
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi-kami 30-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.O.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (A.T.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (M.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111 (N.F.); Fax: +81-3-3972-8666 (N.F.)
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Kumari A, Shonibare Z, Monavarian M, Arend RC, Lee NY, Inman GJ, Mythreye K. TGFβ signaling networks in ovarian cancer progression and plasticity. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:139-161. [PMID: 33590419 PMCID: PMC7987693 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Late-stage diagnosis with significant tumor burden, accompanied by recurrence and chemotherapy resistance, contributes to this poor prognosis. These morbidities are known to be tied to events associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. During EMT, localized tumor cells alter their polarity, cell-cell junctions, cell-matrix interactions, acquire motility and invasiveness and an exaggerated potential for metastatic spread. Key triggers for EMT include the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) family of growth factors which are actively produced by a wide array of cell types within a specific tumor and metastatic environment. Although TGFβ can act as either a tumor suppressor or promoter in cancer, TGFβ exhibits its pro-tumorigenic functions at least in part via EMT. TGFβ regulates EMT both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels as outlined here. Despite recent advances in TGFβ based therapeutics, limited progress has been seen for ovarian cancers that are in much need of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss several recent insights into the underlying signaling mechanisms of the TGFβ isoforms in EMT in the unique metastatic environment of EOCs and the current therapeutic interventions that may be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kumari
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320B, 1824 Sixth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Zainab Shonibare
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320B, 1824 Sixth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mehri Monavarian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320B, 1824 Sixth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, WTI 320B, 1824 Sixth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Effects of Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Targeting Human TGF-β1 on the Malignant Phenotypes of Liver Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122883. [PMID: 32585841 PMCID: PMC7356887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove of double-helical DNA with high affinity and specificity, and inhibit the transcription of corresponding genes. In liver cancer, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression is correlated with tumor grade, and high-grade liver cancer tissues express epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TGF-β1 was reported to be involved in cancer development by transforming precancer cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TGF-β1-targeting PI polyamide on the growth of liver cancer cells and CSCs and their TGF-β1 expression. We analyzed TGF-β1 expression level after the administration of GB1101, a PI polyamide that targets human TGF-β1 promoter, and examined its effects on cell proliferation, invasiveness, and TGF-β1 mRNA expression level. GB1101 treatment dose-dependently decreased TGF-β1 mRNA levels in HepG2 and HLF cells, and inhibited HepG2 colony formation associated with downregulation of TGF-β1 mRNA. Although GB1101 did not substantially inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells compared to untreated control cells, GB1101 significantly suppressed the invasion of HLF cells, which displayed high expression of CD44, a marker for CSCs. Furthermore, GB1101 significantly inhibited HLF cell sphere formation by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression, in addition to suppressing the proliferation of HLE and HLF cells. Taken together, GB1101 reduced TGF-β1 expression in liver cancer cells and suppressed cell invasion; therefore, GB1101 is a novel candidate drug for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Horikoshi S, Fukuda N, Tsunemi A, Okamura M, Otsuki M, Endo M, Abe M. Contribution of TGF-β1 and Effects of Gene Silencer Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Targeting TGF-β1 in Diabetic Nephropathy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040950. [PMID: 32093382 PMCID: PMC7070568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 has been known to induce diabetic nephropathy with renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. DNA-recognized peptide compound pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides as novel biomedicines can strongly bind promoter lesions of target genes to inhibit its transcription. We have developed PI polyamide targeting TGF-β1 for progressive renal diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of TGF-β1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, and examined the effects of PI polyamide targeting TGF-β1 on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats. For in vitro experiments, rat renal mesangial cells were incubated with a high (25 mM) glucose concentration. Diabetic nephropathy was established in vivo in eight-week-old Wistar rats by intravenously administering 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). We examined the effects of PI polyamide targeting TGF-β1 on phenotype and the growth of mesangial cells, in vitro, and the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in vivo. High glucose significantly increased expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, changed the phenotype to synthetic, and increased growth of mesangial cells. STZ diabetic rats showed increases in urinary excretions of protein and albumin, glomerular and interstitial degenerations, and podocyte injury. Treatment with PI polyamide targeting TGF-β1 twice weekly for three months improved the glomerular and interstitial degenerations by histological evaluation. Treatment with PI polyamide improved podocyte injury by electron microscopy evaluation. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 may be a pivotal factor in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and PI polyamide targeting TGF-β1 as a practical medicine may improve nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Horikoshi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.H.); (A.T.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.H.); (A.T.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
- Nihon University Research Center, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (M.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111 (M.A.); Fax: +81-3-3972-8666 (M.A.)
| | - Akiko Tsunemi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.H.); (A.T.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Makiyo Okamura
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.H.); (A.T.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Masari Otsuki
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.H.); (A.T.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Morito Endo
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-8588, Japan;
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (S.H.); (A.T.); (M.O.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (M.A.); Tel.: +81-3-3972-8111 (M.A.); Fax: +81-3-3972-8666 (M.A.)
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Otsuki M, Fukuda N, Inoue T, Mineshige T, Otsuki T, Horikoshi S, Endo M, Abe M. Preclinical Study of DNA-Recognized Peptide Compound Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Targeting Human TGF-β1 Promoter for Progressive Renal Diseases in the Common Marmoset. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173178. [PMID: 31480595 PMCID: PMC6749436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides are novel gene silencers that strongly bind the promoter region of target genes in a sequence-specific manner to inhibit gene transcription. We created a PI polyamide targeting human TGF-β1 (hTGF-β1). To develop this PI polyamide targeting hTGF-β1 (Polyamide) as a practical medicine for treating progressive renal diseases, we examined the effects of Polyamide in two common marmoset models of nephropathy. We performed lead optimization of PI polyamides that targeted hTGF-β1 by inhibiting in a dose-dependent manner the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA stimulated by PMA in marmoset fibroblasts. Marmosets were housed and fed with a 0.05% NaCl and magnesium diet and treated with cyclosporine A (CsA; 37.5 mg/kg/day, eight weeks) to establish chronic nephropathy. We treated the marmosets with nephropathy with Polyamide (1 mg/kg/week, four weeks). We also established a unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) model to examine the effects of Polyamide (1 mg/kg/week, four times) in marmosets. Histologically, the renal medulla from CsA-treated marmosets showed cast formation and interstitial fibrosis in the renal medulla. Immunohistochemistry showed strong staining of Polyamide in the renal medulla from CsA-treated marmosets. Polyamide treatment (1 mg/kg/week, four times) reduced hTGF-β1 staining and urinary protein excretion in CsA-treated marmosets. In UUO kidneys from marmosets, Polyamide reduced the glomerular injury score and tubulointerstitial injury score. Polyamide significantly suppressed hTGF-β1 and snail mRNA expression in UUO kidneys from the marmosets. Polyamide effectively improved CsA- and UUO-associated nephropathy, indicating its potential application in the prevention of renal fibrosis in progressive renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masari Otsuki
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
- Research Center Nihon University, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Mineshige
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Tomoyasu Otsuki
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Shu Horikoshi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Morito Endo
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Hachinohe Gakuin University, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-8588, Japan.
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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12
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Yu Z, Pandian GN, Hidaka T, Sugiyama H. Therapeutic gene regulation using pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 147:66-85. [PMID: 30742856 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovations in cutting-edge sequencing platforms have allowed the rapid identification of genes associated with communicable, noncommunicable and rare diseases. Exploitation of this collected biological information has facilitated the development of nonviral gene therapy strategies and the design of several proteins capable of editing specific DNA sequences for disease control. Small molecule-based targeted therapeutic approaches have gained increasing attention because of their suggested clinical benefits, ease of control and lower costs. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) are a major class of DNA minor groove-binding small molecules that can be predesigned to recognize specific DNA sequences. This programmability of PIPs allows the on-demand design of artificial genetic switches and fluorescent probes. In this review, we detail the progress in the development of PIP-based designer ligands and their prospects as advanced DNA-based small-molecule drugs for therapeutic gene modulation.
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13
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Wu C, Wang W, Fang L, Su W. Programmable pyrrole-imidazole polyamides: A potent tool for DNA targeting. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Geel TM, Ruiters MHJ, Cool RH, Halby L, Voshart DC, Andrade Ruiz L, Niezen-Koning KE, Arimondo PB, Rots MG. The past and presence of gene targeting: from chemicals and DNA via proteins to RNA. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170077. [PMID: 29685979 PMCID: PMC5915719 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to target DNA specifically at any given position within the genome allows many intriguing possibilities and has inspired scientists for decades. Early gene-targeting efforts exploited chemicals or DNA oligonucleotides to interfere with the DNA at a given location in order to inactivate a gene or to correct mutations. We here describe an example towards correcting a genetic mutation underlying Pompe's disease using a nucleotide-fused nuclease (TFO-MunI). In addition to the promise of gene correction, scientists soon realized that genes could be inactivated or even re-activated without inducing potentially harmful DNA damage by targeting transcriptional modulators to a particular gene. However, it proved difficult to fuse protein effector domains to the first generation of programmable DNA-binding agents. The engineering of gene-targeting proteins (zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs)) circumvented this problem. The disadvantage of protein-based gene targeting is that a fusion protein needs to be engineered for every locus. The recent introduction of CRISPR/Cas offers a flexible approach to target a (fusion) protein to the locus of interest using cheap designer RNA molecules. Many research groups now exploit this platform and the first human clinical trials have been initiated: CRISPR/Cas has kicked off a new era of gene targeting and is revolutionizing biomedical sciences.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Geel
- Epigenetic Editing, Dept Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M H J Ruiters
- Epigenetic Editing, Dept Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R H Cool
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Halby
- CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - D C Voshart
- Epigenetic Editing, Dept Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Andrade Ruiz
- Epigenetic Editing, Dept Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K E Niezen-Koning
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Dept Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P B Arimondo
- CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - M G Rots
- Epigenetic Editing, Dept Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Inoue T, Shimozato O, Matsuo N, Mori Y, Shinozaki Y, Lin J, Watanabe T, Takatori A, Koshikawa N, Ozaki T, Nagase H. Hydrophobic structure of hairpin ten-ring pyrrole-imidazole polyamides enhances tumor tissue accumulation/retention in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2337-2344. [PMID: 29622411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To examine the hydrophobic structure of PI polyamides on tumor accumulation in vivo, PI polyamide-fluorescein conjugates 1-5 with the distinct number of N-methylimidazole (Im) units were synthesized. There existed an inverse relationship between the Im unit number of the compounds and their hydrophobicity. Compound 1 with one Im unit and 3 with three Im units accumulated and retained preferentially in tumor tissues compared to 5 with five Im units. These results suggest the importance of a PI polyamide's primary structure, which partly contributes to its hydrophobic property, on its accumulation and/or retention in tumor tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Osamu Shimozato
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Nina Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takatori
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
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16
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Kawamoto Y, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Sequence-specific DNA binding Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides and their applications. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1393-1411. [PMID: 29439914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (Py-Im polyamides) are cell-permeable compounds that bind to the minor groove of double-stranded DNA in a sequence-specific manner without causing denaturation of the DNA. These compounds can be used to control gene expression and to stain specific sequences in cells. Here, we review the history, structural variations, and functional investigations of Py-Im polyamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) are closely related ligands that have pleiotropic activity on most cell types of the body. They act through common heterotetrameric TGF-β type II and type I transmembrane dual specificity kinase receptor complexes, and the outcome of signaling is context-dependent. In normal tissue, they serve a role in maintaining homeostasis. In many diseased states, particularly fibrosis and cancer, TGF-β ligands are overexpressed and the outcome of signaling is diverted toward disease progression. There has therefore been a concerted effort to develop drugs that block TGF-β signaling for therapeutic benefit. This review will cover the basics of TGF-β signaling and its biological activities relevant to oncology, present a summary of pharmacological TGF-β blockade strategies, and give an update on preclinical and clinical trials for TGF-β blockade in a variety of solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Akhurst
- Department of Anatomy and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
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18
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Ali A, Bovilla VR, Mysarla DK, Siripurapu P, Pathak RU, Basu B, Mamillapalli A, Bhattacharya S. Knockdown of Broad-Complex Gene Expression of Bombyx mori by Oligopyrrole Carboxamides Enhances Silk Production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:805. [PMID: 28400559 PMCID: PMC5429751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori (B. mori) is important due to its major role in the silk production. Though DNA binding ligands often influence gene expression, no attempt has been made to exploit their use in sericulture. The telomeric heterochromatin of B. mori is enriched with 5'-TTAGG-3' sequences. These sequences were also found to be present in several genes in the euchromatic regions. We examined three synthetic oligopyrrole carboxamides that target 5'-TTAGG-3' sequences in controlling the gene expression in B. mori. The ligands did not show any defect or feeding difference in the larval stage, crucial for silk production. The ligands caused silencing of various isoforms of the broad-complex transcription factor and cuticle proteins which resulted in late pupal developmental defects. Furthermore, treatment with such drugs resulted in statistically enhanced cocoon weight, shell weight, and silk yield. This study shows for the first time use of oligopyrrole carboxamide drugs in controlling gene expression in B. mori and their long term use in enhancing silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfa Ali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Venugopal Reddy Bovilla
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, 530 045, India
| | - Danti Kumari Mysarla
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, 530 045, India
| | - Prasanthi Siripurapu
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, 530 045, India
| | - Rashmi U Pathak
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Bhakti Basu
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Anitha Mamillapalli
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, 530 045, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India. .,Director's Research Unit, and Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 032, India.
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19
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Obinata D, Takayama K, Takahashi S, Inoue S. Crosstalk of the Androgen Receptor with Transcriptional Collaborators: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E22. [PMID: 28264478 PMCID: PMC5366817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among males in Western countries. It is also the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in Japan. The progression of prostate cancer is mainly influenced by androgens and the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy is an established therapy for advanced prostate cancer; however, prostate cancers frequently develop resistance to low testosterone levels and progress to the fatal stage called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Surprisingly, AR and the AR signaling pathway are still activated in most CRPC cases. To overcome this problem, abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were introduced for the treatment of CRPC. Despite the impact of these drugs on prolonged survival, CRPC acquires further resistance to keep the AR pathway activated. Functional molecular studies have shown that some of the AR collaborative transcription factors (TFs), including octamer transcription factor (OCT1), GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), still stimulate AR activity in the castration-resistant state. Therefore, elucidating the crosstalk between the AR and collaborative TFs on the AR pathway is critical for developing new strategies for the treatment of CRPC. Recently, many compounds targeting this pathway have been developed for treating CRPC. In this review, we summarize the AR signaling pathway in terms of AR collaborators and focus on pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide as a candidate compound for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Takayama
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Bio-inspired synthetic backbones leading to foldamers can provide effective biopolymer mimics with new and improved properties in a physiological environment, and in turn could serve as useful tools to study biology and lead to practical applications in the areas of diagnostics or therapeutics. Remarkable progress has been accomplished over the past 20 years with the discovery of many potent bioactive foldamers originating from diverse backbones and targeting a whole spectrum of bio(macro)molecules such as membranes, protein surfaces, and nucleic acids. These current achievements, future opportunities, and key challenges that remain are discussed in this article.
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21
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Pandian GN, Sugiyama H. Nature-Inspired Design of Smart Biomaterials Using the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Shagun VA, Zhilitskaya LV, Shagun LG. Mechanism of formation of macrocyclic siloxanes with a benzimidazole fragment by reaction of benzimidazole with 1,3-bis(iodomethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016070137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Targeting Oct1 genomic function inhibits androgen receptor signaling and castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. Oncogene 2016; 35:6350-6358. [PMID: 27270436 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor to regulate its downstream signaling for prostate cancer progression. AR complex formation by multiple transcription factors is important for enhancer activity and transcriptional regulation. However, the significance of such collaborative transcription factors has not been fully understood. In this study, we show that Oct1, an AR collaborative factor, coordinates genome-wide AR signaling for prostate cancer growth. Using global analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), we found that Oct1 is recruited to AR-binding enhancer/promoter regions and facilitates androgen signaling. Moreover, a major target of AR/Oct1 complex, acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3), contributes to tumor growth in nude mice, and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Next, we examined the therapeutic effects of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides that target the Oct1-binding sequence identified in the center of the ACSL3 AR-binding site. We observed that treatment with Oct1 polyamide severely blocked the Oct1 binding at the ACSL3 enhancer responsible for its transcriptional activity and ACSL3 induction. In addition, Oct1 polyamides suppressed castration-resistant tumor growth and specifically repressed global Oct1 chromatin association and androgen signaling in prostate cancer cells, with few nonspecific effects on basal promoter activity. Thus, targeting Oct1 binding could be a novel therapeutic strategy for AR-activated castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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24
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Shan G, Zhou XJ, Xia Y, Qian HJ. Astragalus membranaceus ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1611-1616. [PMID: 27168780 PMCID: PMC4840494 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, in addition to protecting and supporting the immune system. The present study investigated the effects of AM on renal fibrosis. A mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established and treated with various concentrations of AM (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day). Interstitial fibrosis markedly increased in the UUO mice. AM significantly reduced the obstruction-induced upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and downregulation of E-cadherin in the kidneys of the UUO mice (P<0.05). Furthermore, AM treatment significantly inhibited the induction of EMT and the deposition of extracellular matrix. In addition, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated murine renal proximal tubule cell line (NRK-52E) was treated with various concentrations of AM (10, 20, and 40 µg/ml). E-cadherin expression levels significantly decreased and those of α-SMA significantly increased in NRK-52E cells stimulated with TGF-β1 in vitro (P<0.05). Co-treatment with AM reversed these effects (P<0.05), and AM treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation (P<0.05). These results suggested that AM antagonizes tubular EMT by inhibiting the Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Shan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Qian
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Yarosh NO, Zhilitskaya LV, Shagun LG, Larina LI, Dorofeev IА. The synthesis of the first acetylenic silyl derivatives of 2-methylimidazole and benzimidazole. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Saito K, Fukuda N, Shinohara KI, Masuhiro Y, Hanazawa S, Matsuda H, Fujiwara K, Ueno T, Soma M. Modulation of the EMT/MET process by pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting human transforming growth factor-β1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26222185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent induction factor for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), as the inverse process of EMT, has recently been reported to promote the induction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We have developed pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide, a novel gene regulator that targets human TGF-β1, and investigated its effects on the EMT/MET process. PI polyamide targeted to TGF-β1 significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and SNAI1 as an EMT marker and increased mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin in human epithelial cells. To enhance the induction of iPSCs by the MET process, PI polyamide targeted to TGF-β1 was applied to human fibroblasts transfected with exogenous reprogramming factors by Sendai virus vector and grown in human iPSCs. The PI polyamide significantly increased the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies. The expression of undifferentiated markers was also observed in these colonies. These results suggest that PI polyamide targeted to human TGF-β is a novel compound that can control the EMT/MET process of human epithelial cells and enhance the induction of human fibroblasts to iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Saito
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ken-ichi Shinohara
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Masuhiro
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Hanazawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kiakos K, Pett L, Satam V, Patil P, Hochhauser D, Lee M, Hartley JA. Nuclear Localization and Gene Expression Modulation by a Fluorescent Sequence-Selective p-Anisyl-benzimidazolecarboxamido Imidazole-Pyrrole Polyamide. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2015; 22:862-75. [PMID: 26119998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrrole (P)-imidazole (I) containing polyamides can target predetermined DNA sequences and modulate gene expression by interfering with transcription factor binding. We have previously shown that rationally designed polyamides targeting the inverted CCAAT box 2 (ICB2) of the topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) promoter can inhibit binding of transcription factor NF-Y, re-inducing expression of the enzyme in confluent cells. Here, the A/T recognizing fluorophore, p-anisylbenzimidazolecarboxamido (Hx) was incorporated into the hybrid polyamide HxIP, which fluoresces upon binding to DNA, providing an intrinsic probe to monitor cellular uptake. HxIP targets the 5'-TACGAT-3' sequence of the 5' flank of ICB2 with high affinity and sequence specificity, eliciting an ICB2-selective inhibition/displacement of NF-Y. HxIP is readily taken up by NIH3T3 and A549 cells, and detected in the nucleus within minutes. Exposure to the polyamide at confluence resulted in a dose-dependent upregulation of topo IIα expression and enhanced formation of etoposide-induced DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kiakos
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luke Pett
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vijay Satam
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East, 12(th) Street, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - Pravin Patil
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East, 12(th) Street, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Moses Lee
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East, 12(th) Street, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - John A Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Yoshizawa S, Fujiwara K, Sugito K, Uekusa S, Kawashima H, Hoshi R, Watanabe Y, Hirano T, Furuya T, Masuko T, Ueno T, Fukuda N, Soma M, Ozaki T, Koshinaga T, Nagase H. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-mediated silencing of KCNQ1OT1 expression induces cell death in Wilms' tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:115-21. [PMID: 25998555 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
KvDMR (an intronic CpG island within the KCNQ1 gene) is one of the imprinting control regions on human chromosome 11p15.5. Since KvDMR exists within the promoter region of KCNQ1OT1 (antisense transcript of KCNQ1), it is likely that genomic alterations of this region including deletion, paternal uniparental disomy and de-methylation in maternal allele lead to aberrant overexpression of KCNQ1OT1. Indeed, de-methylation of KvDMR accompanied by uncontrolled overexpression of KCNQ1OT1 occurs frequently in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and around 10% of BWS patients developed embryonal tumors (Wilms' tumor or hepatoblastoma). These observations strongly suggest that silencing of KCNQ1OT1 expression might suppress its oncogenic potential. In the present study, we designed two pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides, termed PI-a and PI-b, which might have the ability to bind to CCAAT boxes of the KCNQ1OT1 promoter region, and investigated their possible antitumor effect on Wilms' tumor-derived G401 cells. Gel retardation assay demonstrated that PI-a and PI-b specifically bind to their target sequences. Microscopic observations showed the efficient nuclear access of these PI polyamides. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of KCNQ1OT1 was significantly decreased when treated with PI-a and PI-b simultaneously but not with either PI-a or PI-b single treatment. Consistent with these results, the combination of PI-a and PI-b resulted in a significant reduction in viability of G401 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FACS analysis demonstrated that combinatory treatment with PI-a and PI-b induces cell death as compared with control cells. Taken together, our present observations strongly suggest that the combinatory treatment with PI polyamides targeting KCNQ1OT1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy to cure patients with tumors over-expressing KCNQ1OT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Yoshizawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Sugito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Uekusa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Hoshi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Furuya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Masuko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Koshinaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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Igarashi J, Fukuda N, Inoue T, Nakai S, Saito K, Fujiwara K, Matsuda H, Ueno T, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe T, Nagase H, Bando T, Sugiyama H, Itoh T, Soma M. Preclinical Study of Novel Gene Silencer Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Targeting Human TGF-β1 Promoter for Hypertrophic Scars in a Common Marmoset Primate Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125295. [PMID: 25938472 PMCID: PMC4418757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a preclinical study of a pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide that targets the human transforming growth factor (hTGF)-β1 gene as a novel transcriptional gene silencer in a common marmoset primate model. We designed and then synthesized PI polyamides to target the hTGF-β1 promoter. We examined effects of seven PI polyamides (GB1101-1107) on the expression of hTGF-β1 mRNA stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in human vascular smooth muscle cells. GB1101, GB1105 and GB1106 significantly inhibited hTGF-β1 mRNA expression. We examined GB1101 as a PI polyamide to hTGF-β1 for hypertrophic scars in marmosets in vivo. Injection of GB1101 completely inhibited hypertrophic scar formation at 35 days post-incision and inhibited cellular infiltration, TGF-β1 and vimentin staining, and epidermal thickness. Mismatch polyamide did not affect hypertrophic scarring or histological changes. Epidermis was significantly thinner with GB1101 than with water and mismatch PI polyamides. We developed the PI polyamides for practical ointment medicines for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. FITC-labeled GB1101 with solbase most efficiently distributed in the nuclei of epidermal keratinocytes, completely suppressed hypertropic scarring at 42 days after incision, and considerably inhibited epidermal thickness and vimentin-positive fibroblasts. PI polyamides targeting hTGF-β1 promoter with solbase ointment will be practical medicines for treating hypertrophic scars after surgical operations and skin burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Igarashi
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakai
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Itoh
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Department of General Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Inhibition of KRAS codon 12 mutants using a novel DNA-alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamide conjugate. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6706. [PMID: 25913614 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to target mutated RAS proteins, anticancer agents capable of selectively killing tumour cells harbouring KRAS mutations have remained unavailable. Here we demonstrate the direct targeting of KRAS mutant DNA using a synthetic alkylating agent (pyrrole-imidazole polyamide indole-seco-CBI conjugate; KR12) that selectively recognizes oncogenic codon 12 KRAS mutations. KR12 alkylates adenine N3 at the target sequence, causing strand cleavage and growth suppression in human colon cancer cells with G12D or G12V mutations, thus inducing senescence and apoptosis. In xenograft models, KR12 infusions induce significant tumour growth suppression, with low host toxicity in KRAS-mutated but not wild-type tumours. This newly developed approach may be applicable to the targeting of other mutant driver oncogenes in human tumours.
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Mishra R, Watanabe T, Kimura MT, Koshikawa N, Ikeda M, Uekusa S, Kawashima H, Wang X, Igarashi J, Choudhury D, Grandori C, Kemp CJ, Ohira M, Verma NK, Kobayashi Y, Takeuchi J, Koshinaga T, Nemoto N, Fukuda N, Soma M, Kusafuka T, Fujiwara K, Nagase H. Identification of a novel E-box binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamide inhibiting MYC-driven cell proliferation. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:421-9. [PMID: 25611295 PMCID: PMC4406810 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cellular transformation. Due to its oncogenic activities and overexpression in a majority of human cancers, it is an interesting target for novel drug therapies. MYC binding to the E-box (5'-CACGTGT-3') sequence at gene promoters contributes to more than 4000 MYC-dependent transcripts. Owing to its importance in MYC regulation, we designed a novel sequence-specific DNA-binding pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide, Myc-5, that recognizes the E-box consensus sequence. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the Myc-5 binding sequence appeared in 5'- MYC binding E-box sequences at the eIF4G1, CCND1, and CDK4 gene promoters. Furthermore, ChIP coupled with detection by quantitative PCR indicated that Myc-5 has the ability to inhibit MYC binding at the target gene promoters and thus cause downregulation at the mRNA level and protein expression of its target genes in human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line, P493.6, carrying an inducible MYC repression system and the K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) cell line. Single i.v. injection of Myc-5 at 7.5 mg/kg dose caused significant tumor growth inhibition in a MYC-dependent tumor xenograft model without evidence of toxicity. We report here a compelling rationale for the identification of a PI polyamide that inhibits a part of E-box-mediated MYC downstream gene expression and is a model for showing that phenotype-associated MYC downstream gene targets consequently inhibit MYC-dependent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mishra
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Shagun LG, Dorofeev IA, Zhilitskaya LV, Larina LI, Yarosh NO, Klyba LV, Sanzheeva ER. One-pot synthesis of first imidazolophanes with dimethylene(tetramethyl)disiloxane spacers. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Obinata D, Fujiwara K, Yamaguchi K, Takayama KI, Urano T, Nagase H, Inoue S, Takahashi S, Fukuda N. Review of novel therapeutic medicines targeting androgen signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer. World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:264-271. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i3.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common male malignant neoplasm. Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play a key role in the onset and progression of prostate cancer. The expression of the AR is still preserved in the majority of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is considered to be induced by the following mechanisms: (1) sustained AR activation by enhancing intracellular conversion of adrenal androgens to dehydrotestosterone via a de novo route; (2) AR hypersensitivity; (3) promiscuous activation of AR signaling; and (4) outlaw pathways. Recent advances in the treatment of CRPC include novel medicines targeting AR signaling pathways. In addition, functional molecular studies have shown that some of the AR-regulated genes and AR coregulators are prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer, particularly in the castration-resistant state. Therefore, identification of the AR signaling pathways responsible for establishment of CRPC is critical for developing new strategies for the treatment of CRPC.
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Obinata D, Ito A, Fujiwara K, Takayama KI, Ashikari D, Murata Y, Yamaguchi K, Urano T, Fujimura T, Fukuda N, Soma M, Watanabe T, Nagase H, Inoue S, Takahashi S. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeted to break fusion sites in TMPRSS2 and ERG gene fusion represses prostate tumor growth. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1272-8. [PMID: 25088707 PMCID: PMC4462350 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression of ERG induced by the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion is likely involved in the development of prostate cancer. Synthetic pyrrole–imidazole (PI) polyamides recognize and attach to the minor groove of DNA with high affinity and specificity. In the present study, we designed a PI polyamide targeting TMPRSS2-ERG translocation breakpoints and assessed its effect on human prostate cancer cells. Our study identified that this PI polyamide repressed the cell and tumor growth of androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Targeting of these breakpoint sequences by PI polyamides could be a novel approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kubota T, Miyake K, Hariya N, Mochizuki K. Epigenetics as a basis for diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:685-97. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.925805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Taniguchi M, Fujiwara K, Nakai Y, Ozaki T, Koshikawa N, Toshio K, Kataba M, Oguni A, Matsuda H, Yoshida Y, Tokuhashi Y, Fukuda N, Ueno T, Soma M, Nagase H. Inhibition of malignant phenotypes of human osteosarcoma cells by a gene silencer, a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide, which targets an E-box motif. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:328-34. [PMID: 24918046 PMCID: PMC4048845 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated pyrrole–imidazole (PI) polyamides that could bind to an E-box motif. PI polyamide Myc-6 induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Myc-6 represses tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Myc-6 binds to the 5′-upstream region of noncoding RNA MALAT1 and reduces its expression. Myc-6 exerts its tumor-suppressive ability through the down-regulation of MALAT1.
Gene amplification and/or overexpression of the transcription factor c-MYC, which binds to the E-box sequence (5′-CACGTG-3′), has been observed in many human tumors. In this study, we have designed 5 pyrrole–imidazole (PI) polyamides recognizing E-box, and found that, among them, Myc-6 significantly suppresses malignant phenotypes of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, knockdown of the putative Myc-6 target MALAT1 encoding long noncoding RNA remarkably impaired cell growth of MG63 cells. Collectively, our present findings strongly suggest that Myc-6 exerts its tumor-suppressive ability at least in part through the specific down-regulation of MALAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Taniguchi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujiwara
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan ; Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ozaki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Kojima Toshio
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Motoaki Kataba
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Asako Oguni
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuda
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tokuhashi
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan ; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan ; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Innovative Therapy Research Group, Nihon University Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan ; Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
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Tsunemi A, Ueno T, Fukuda N, Watanabe T, Tahira K, Haketa A, Hatanaka Y, Tanaka S, Matsumoto T, Matsumoto Y, Nagase H, Soma M. A novel gene regulator, pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting ABCA1 gene increases cholesterol efflux from macrophages and plasma HDL concentration. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:509-21. [PMID: 24463557 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides are nuclease-resistant novel compounds that inhibit transcription factors by binding to the minor groove of DNA. A PI polyamide that targets mouse ABCA1 and increases ABCA1 gene expression was designed and evaluated as an agent to increase plasma HDL concentration. A PI polyamide was designed to bind the activator protein-2 binding site of the mouse ABCA1 promoter. The effect of this PI polyamide on ABCA1 expression was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting using RAW264 cells. In vivo effects of this polyamide on ABCA1 gene expression and plasma HDL level were examined in C57B6 mice. One milligram per kilogram of body weight of PI polyamide was injected via the tail veins every 2 days for 1 week, and plasma lipid profiles were evaluated. PI polyamide showed a specific binding to the target DNA in gel mobility shift assay. Treatment of RAW264 cells with 1.0 μM PI polyamide significantly increased ABCA1 mRNA expression. PI polyamide also significantly increased apolipoprotein AI-mediated HDL biogenesis in RAW264 cells. Cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by apolipoprotein AI was significantly increased by the PI polyamide treatment. PI polyamide significantly increased expression of ABCA1 mRNA in the liver of C57B6 mice. Plasma HDL concentration was increased by PI polyamide administration. All of the HDL sub-fractions showed a tendency to increase after PI polyamide administration. The designed PI polyamide that targeted ABCA1 successfully increased ABCA1 expression and HDL biogenesis. This novel gene-regulating agent is promising as a useful compound to increase plasma HDL concentration. KEY MESSAGES A novel pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide binds to ABCA1. PI polyamide interfered with binding of AP-2ɑ protein to the ABCA1 gene promoter. PI polyamide inhibited the AP-2ɑ-mediated reduction of ABCA1 gene and protein expression. PI polyamide increased ABCA1 protein and apolipoprotein AI mediated HDL biogenesis. PI polyamide is a new gene regulator for the prevention of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tsunemi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kami, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
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Zicha J, Dobešová Z, Vokurková M, Rauchová H, Hojná S, Kadlecová M, Behuliak M, Vaněčková I, Kuneš J. Age-dependent salt hypertension in Dahl rats: fifty years of research. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S35-S87. [PMID: 22827876 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty years ago, Lewis K. Dahl has presented a new model of salt hypertension - salt-sensitive and salt-resistant Dahl rats. Twenty years later, John P. Rapp has published the first and so far the only comprehensive review on this rat model covering numerous aspects of pathophysiology and genetics of salt hypertension. When we summarized 25 years of our own research on Dahl/Rapp rats, we have realized the need to outline principal abnormalities of this model, to show their interactions at different levels of the organism and to highlight the ontogenetic aspects of salt hypertension development. Our attention was focused on some cellular aspects (cell membrane function, ion transport, cell calcium handling), intra- and extrarenal factors affecting renal function and/or renal injury, local and systemic effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial and smooth muscle changes responsible for abnormal vascular contraction or relaxation, altered balance between various vasoconstrictor and vasodilator systems in blood pressure maintenance as well as on the central nervous and peripheral mechanisms involved in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis. We also searched for the age-dependent impact of environmental and pharmacological interventions, which modify the development of high blood pressure and/or organ damage, if they influence the salt-sensitive organism in particular critical periods of development (developmental windows). Thus, severe self-sustaining salt hypertension in young Dahl rats is characterized by pronounced dysbalance between augmented sympathetic hyperactivity and relative nitric oxide deficiency, attenuated baroreflex as well as by a major increase of residual blood pressure indicating profound remodeling of resistance vessels. Salt hypertension development in young but not in adult Dahl rats can be attenuated by preventive increase of potassium or calcium intake. On the contrary, moderate salt hypertension in adult Dahl rats is attenuated by superoxide scavenging or endothelin-A receptor blockade which do not affect salt hypertension development in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zicha
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Li Y, Sun Y, Liu F, Sun L, Li J, Duan S, Liu H, Peng Y, Xiao L, Liu Y, Xi Y, You Y, Li H, Wang M, Wang S, Hou T. Norcantharidin inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis by blocking the tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66356. [PMID: 23825538 PMCID: PMC3692527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to contribute to the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Norcantharidin (NCTD) is a promising agent for inhibiting renal interstitial fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of NCTD are unclear. In this study, a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model was established and treated with intraperitoneal NCTD (0.1 mg/kg/day). The UUO rats treated with NCTD showed a reduction in obstruction-induced upregulation of α-SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin in the rat kidney (P<0.05). Human renal proximal tubule cell lines (HK-2) stimulated with TGF-β1 were treated with different concentrations of NCTD. HK-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1 in vitro led to downregulation of E-cadherin and increased de novo expression of α-SMA; co-treatment with NCTD attenuated all of these changes (P<0.05). NCTD reduced TGF-β1-induced expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and downregulated the expression of Snail1 (P<0.05). These results suggest that NCTD antagonizes tubular EMT by inhibiting the Smad pathway. NCTD may play a critical role in preserving the normal epithelial phenotype and modulating tubular EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Division of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China. mail:
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40
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Iguchi A, Fukuda N, Takahashi T, Watanabe T, Matsuda H, Nagase H, Bando T, Sugiyama H, Shimizu K. RNA binding properties of novel gene silencing pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:1152-8. [PMID: 23628892 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides are a novel group of gene-silencing compounds, which bind to a minor groove of double stranded (ds)DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To explore the RNA binding properties of PI polyamides targeting rat transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 Polyamide) and influenza A virus (PA polyamide), we designed dsRNAs with an identical sequence to the target DNA and analyzed RNA binding properties of the polyamide. Biacore assay showed fast binding of TGF-β1 Polyamide to the dsRNA, whereas mismatch polyamide did not bind to the dsRNA. Dissociation equilibrium constant (KD) value was 6.7×10(-7) of the target dsRNA. These results indicate that PI polyamide could bind to RNA with a 2 log lower binding affinity than its DNA-binding affinity. We designed a PI polyamide targeting the panhandle stem region of influenza A virus. KD value of the PI polyamide to dsRNA targeting influenza A virus was 4.6×10(-7). Gel-shift assay showed that TGF-β1 and PA polyamides bound to the appropriate dsDNA, whereas these PI polyamides did not show obvious gel-shift with the appropriate dsRNA. Structural modeling suggests that PI polyamide binds to the appropriate B-form dsDNA in the minor groove, whereas it does not fit in the minor groove to dsRNA. Thus PI polyamides have a lower binding affinity with target dsRNA than they do with dsDNA. The distinct binding properties of PI polyamides to dsRNA and dsDNA may be associated with differences of secondary structure and chemical binding properties between target RNA and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Iguchi
- Division of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University Graduate School, Tokyo 102–8251, Japan
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41
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Blackledge MS, Melander C. Programmable DNA-binding small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6101-14. [PMID: 23665141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression is responsible for a myriad of human diseases from infectious diseases to cancer. Precise regulation of these genes via specific interactions with the DNA double helix could pave the way for novel therapeutics. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are small molecules capable of binding to pre-determined DNA sequences up to 16 base pairs with affinity and specificity comparable to natural transcription factors. In the three decades since their development, great strides have been made relating to synthetic accessibility and improved sequence specificity and binding affinity. This perspective presents a brief history of early seminal developments in the field and highlights recent reports of the utility of polyamides as both genetic modulators and molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Blackledge
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8024, United States
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42
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Yarosh NO, Zhilitskaya LV, Shagun LG, Dorofeev IA, Larina LI, Voronkov MG. Alkylation of 2-methylimidazole with iodomethyl ketones of the aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic series. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Selective estrogen receptor modulation attenuates proteinuria-induced renal tubular damage by modulating mitochondrial oxidative status. Kidney Int 2013; 83:662-73. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nickols NG, Szablowski JO, Hargrove AE, Li BC, Raskatov JA, Dervan PB. Activity of a Py-Im polyamide targeted to the estrogen response element. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:675-84. [PMID: 23443804 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides are a class of programmable DNA minor groove binders capable of modulating the activity of DNA-binding proteins and affecting changes in gene expression. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-activated hormone receptor that binds as a homodimer to estrogen response elements (ERE) and is a driving oncogene in a majority of breast cancers. We tested a selection of structurally similar Py-Im polyamides with differing DNA sequence specificity for activity against 17β-estadiol (E2)-induced transcription and cytotoxicity in ERα positive, E2-stimulated T47DKBluc cells, which express luciferase under ERα control. The most active polyamide targeted the sequence 5'-WGGWCW-3' (W = A or T), which is the canonical ERE half site. Whole transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq revealed that treatment of E2-stimulated breast cancer cells with this polyamide reduced the effects of E2 on the majority of those most strongly affected by E2 but had much less effect on the majority of E2-induced transcripts. In vivo, this polyamide circulated at detectable levels following subcutaneous injection and reduced levels of ER-driven luciferase expression in xenografted tumors in mice after subcutaneous compound administration without significant host toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Nickols
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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45
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Abstract
Many cancer therapeutics target DNA and exert cytotoxicity through the induction of DNA damage and inhibition of transcription. We report that a DNA minor groove binding hairpin pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamide interferes with RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) activity in cell culture. Polyamide treatment activates p53 signaling in LNCaP prostate cancer cells without detectable DNA damage. Genome-wide mapping of RNAP2 binding shows reduction of occupancy, preferentially at transcription start sites, but occupancy at enhancer sites is unchanged. Polyamide treatment results in a time- and dose-dependent depletion of the RNAP2 large subunit RPB1 that is preventable with proteasome inhibition. This polyamide demonstrates antitumor activity in a prostate tumor xenograft model with limited host toxicity.
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46
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Wang S, Nanjunda R, Aston K, Bashkin JK, Wilson WD. Correlation of local effects of DNA sequence and position of β-alanine inserts with polyamide-DNA complex binding affinities and kinetics. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9796-806. [PMID: 23167504 DOI: 10.1021/bi301327v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the effects of β-alanine (β) substitution and the number of heterocycles on DNA binding affinity and selectivity, we investigated the interactions of an eight-ring hairpin polyamide (PA) and two β derivatives as well as a six-heterocycle analogue with their cognate DNA sequence, 5'-TGGCTT-3'. Binding selectivity and the effects of β have been investigated with the cognate and five mutant DNAs. A set of powerful and complementary methods have been employed for both energetic and structural evaluations: UV melting, biosensor surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism, and a DNA ligation ladder global structure assay. The reduced number of heterocycles in the six-ring PA weakens the binding affinity; however, the smaller PA aggregates significantly less than the larger PAs and allows us to obtain the binding thermodynamics. The PA-DNA binding enthalpy is large and negative with a large negative ΔC(p) and is the primary driving component of the Gibbs free energy. The complete SPR binding results clearly show that β substitutions can substantially weaken the binding affinity of hairpin PAs in a position-dependent manner. More importantly, the changes in the binding of PA to the mutant DNAs further confirm the position-dependent effects on the PA-DNA interaction affinity. Comparison of mutant DNA sequences also shows a different effect in recognition of T·A versus A·T base pairs. The effects of DNA mutations on binding of a single PA as well as the effects of the position of β substitution on binding tell a clear and very important story about sequence-dependent binding of PAs to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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47
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Gene expression changes in a tumor xenograft by a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16041-5. [PMID: 22988074 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214267109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation by DNA binding small molecules could have important therapeutic applications. This study reports the investigation of a DNA-binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeted to bind the DNA sequence 5'-WGGWWW-3' with reference to its potency in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. The molecule is capable of trafficking to the tumor site following subcutaneous injection and modulates transcription of select genes in vivo. An FITC-labeled analogue of this polyamide can be detected in tumor-derived cells by confocal microscopy. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) of tumor tissue allowed the identification of further affected genes, a representative panel of which was interrogated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and correlated with cell culture expression levels.
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Kajiwara M, Ueno T, Fukuda N, Matsuda H, Shimokawa T, Kitai M, Tsunemi A, Fuke Y, Fujita T, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto Y, Ra C, Soma M. Development of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting fc receptor common gamma chain for the treatment of immune-complex related renal disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2028-35. [PMID: 22971693 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptors I and III are thought to be involved in the development of lupus nephritis. Expression of Fc receptor common gamma chain (FcRγ) is necessary for the stable expression of Fcγ receptors I and III. The aim of this study was to develop a novel agent for the treatment of immune complex related renal disease using a gene regulator, pyrrole(Py)-imidazole(Im) (PI) polyamide, targeting the mouse FcRγ gene promoter. Two PI polyamides targeting FcRγ promoters were designed and synthesized. The effect of the PI polyamides on FcRγ mRNA expression was evaluated in J774.A cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and CD16/32 protein expression was determined by immunocytochemical analysis and flow cytometry. The effects of these polyamides on FcRγ gene expression and CD16/32 protein expression were evaluated in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). One milligram per kilogram body weight of PI polyamide was injected via the tail vein every 2 d for 1 week and PBMCs were collected and analyzed. PI polyamide showed a specific binding to the target DNA in a gel mobility shift assay. Treatment of J774.A cells with 1.0 µM PI polyamide 1 significantly reduced FcRγ mRNA expression and CD16/32 surface protein expression in J774.A cells. Similarly, PI polyamide significantly decreased expression of FcRγ mRNA and CD16/32 in the PBMCs of C57B6 mice. PI polyamide designed to bind the FcRγ promoter decreased FcRγ gene and CD16/32 protein expression. PI polyamide targeting the FcRγ gene may be a novel gene regulator for the prevention of lupus nephritis or other immune complex-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Kajiwara
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 7–7–1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274–8555, Japan
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49
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Quantitation of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:715928. [PMID: 22778554 PMCID: PMC3385462 DOI: 10.1155/2012/715928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and robust method using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of six pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides (HN.49, TGF-β1f, TGF-β1t, HN.50f, HN.50t, and LOX-1) in rat plasma. After the plasma proteins were precipitated with methanol containing phenacetin as an internal standard, the analytes were separated on a Luna C18 (2) (5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm). Calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.5 to 200 μg/mL for HN.49, 0.25 to 200 μg/mL for TGF-β1f, TGF-β1t, HN.50t, and LOX-1, 1 to 200 μg/mL for HN.50f in rat plasma. The inter- and intraday precision were below 15%, and the accuracy was within 15% at the quality controls. The validated method was successfully applied to sample analysis for the pharmacokinetic study.
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50
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Hargrove AE, Raskatov JA, Meier JL, Montgomery DC, Dervan PB. Characterization and solubilization of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide aggregates. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5425-32. [PMID: 22607187 PMCID: PMC3375050 DOI: 10.1021/jm300380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
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To optimize the biological activity of pyrrole–imidazole
polyamide DNA-binding molecules, we characterized the aggregation
propensity of these compounds through dynamic light scattering and
fractional solubility analysis. Nearly all studied polyamides were
found to form measurable particles 50–500 nm in size under
biologically relevant conditions, while HPLC-based analyses revealed
solubility trends in both core sequences and peripheral substituents
that did not correlate with overall ionic charge. The solubility of
both hairpin and cyclic polyamides was increased upon addition of
carbohydrate solubilizing agents, in particular, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
(HpβCD). In mice, the use of HpβCD allowed for improved
injection conditions and subsequent investigations of the availability
of polyamides in mouse plasma to human cells. The results of these
studies will influence the further design of Py-Im polyamides and
facilitate their study in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Hargrove
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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