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Atteia HH, Alamri ES, Sirag N, Zidan NS, Aljohani RH, Alzahrani S, Arafa MH, Mohammad NS, Asker ME, Zaitone SA, Sakr AT. Soluble guanylate cyclase agonist, isoliquiritigenin attenuates renal damage and aortic calcification in a rat model of chronic kidney failure. Life Sci 2023; 317:121460. [PMID: 36716925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing fatal health problem worldwide associated with vascular calcification. Therapeutic approaches are limited with higher costs and poor outcomes. Adenine supplementation is one of the most relevant CKD models to human. Insufficient Nitric Oxide (NO)/ cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) signaling plays a key role in rapid development of renal fibrosis. Natural products display proven protection against CKD. Current study therefore explored isoliquiritigenin, a bioflavonoid extracted from licorice roots, potential as a natural activator for soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) in a CKD rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 male Wistar rats were grouped into Control group (n = 10) and the remaining rats received adenine (200 mg/kg, p.o) for 2 wk to induce CKD. They were equally sub-grouped into: Adenine untreated group and 4 groups orally treated by isoliquiritigenin low or high dose (20 or 40 mg/kg) with/without a selective sGC inhibitor, ODQ (1-H(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)-quinoxalin-1-one, 2 mg/kg, i.p) for 8 wk. KEY FINDINGS Long-term treatment with isoliquiritigenin dose-dependently and effectively amended adenine-induced chronic renal and endothelial dysfunction. It not only alleviated renal fibrosis and apoptosis markers but also aortic calcification. Additionally, this chalcone neutralized renal inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Isoliquiritigenin beneficial effects were associated with up-regulation of serum NO, renal and aortic sGC, cGMP and its dependent protein kinase (PKG). However, co-treatment with ODQ antagonized isoliquiritigenin therapeutic impact. SIGNIFICANCE Isoliquiritigenin seems to exert protective effects against CKD and vascular calcification by activating sGC, increasing cGMP and its downstream PKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
| | - Eman Saad Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Sirag
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Salah Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Sharifa Alzahrani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Hamed Arafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Nanies Sameeh Mohammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Mervat Elsayed Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Tawfik Sakr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt
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Huang W, Chen YY, Li ZQ, He FF, Zhang C. Recent Advances in the Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810882. [PMID: 36142794 PMCID: PMC9506036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment of DKD is strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Traditional therapeutic strategies focus on the control of major risk factors, such as blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have been the main therapeutic measures in the past, but the emergence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, incretin mimetics, and endothelin-1 receptor antagonists has provided more options for the management of DKD. Simultaneously, with advances in research on the pathogenesis of DKD, some new therapies targeting renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress have gradually entered clinical application. In addition, some recently discovered therapeutic targets and signaling pathways, mainly in preclinical and early clinical trial stages, are expected to provide benefits for patients with DKD in the future. This review summarizes the traditional treatments and emerging management options for DKD, demonstrating recent advances in the therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Miao C, Zhu X, Wei X, Long M, Jiang L, Li C, Jin D, Du Y. Pro- and anti-fibrotic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2022; 44:881-892. [PMID: 35618410 PMCID: PMC9154791 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2079528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the inevitable common end-point of all progressive chronic kidney diseases. The underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are complex, and currently there is no effective therapy against renal fibrosis. Renal microvascular rarefaction contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis; however, an imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors leads to the loss of renal microvasculature. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important pro-angiogenic factor. Recent studies have unraveled the involvement of VEGF in the regulation of renal microvascular rarefaction and fibrosis via various mechanisms; however, it is not clear whether it has anti-fibrotic or pro-fibrotic effect. This paper reviews the available evidence pertaining to the function of VEGF in the fibrotic process and explores the associated underlying mechanisms. Our synthesis will help identify the future research priorities for developing specialized treatments for alleviating or preventing renal fibrosis. Abbreviation: VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; AKI: acute kidney injury; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; α-SMA: α smooth muscle actin; UUO: unilateral ureteral obstruction; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; PMT: pericyte-myofibroblast transition; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; nNOS: neuronal nitric oxide synthase; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PKG: soluble guanylate cyclase dependent protein kinases; UP R: unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Prüschenk S, Majer M, Schreiber R, Schlossmann J. IRAG2 Interacts with IP 3-Receptor Types 1, 2, and 3 and Regulates Intracellular Ca 2+ in Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413409. [PMID: 34948204 PMCID: PMC8707672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-associated 2 (IRAG2) is also known as Jaw1 or lymphoid-restricted membrane protein (LRMP) and shares homology with the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-associated cGMP kinase substrate 1 (IRAG1). IRAG1 interacts with inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3 receptors /IP3R) via its coiled-coil domain and modulates Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Due to the homology of IRAG1 and IRAG2, especially in its coiled-coil domain, it is possible that IRAG2 has similar interaction partners like IRAG1 and that IRAG2 also modulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In our study, we localized IRAG2 in pancreatic acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas, and we investigated the interaction of IRAG2 with IP3 receptors and its impact on intracellular Ca2+ signaling and exocrine pancreatic function, like amylase secretion. We detected the interaction of IRAG2 with different subtypes of IP3R and altered Ca2+ release in pancreatic acinar cells from mice lacking IRAG2. IRAG2 deficiency decreased basal levels of intracellular Ca2+, suggesting that IRAG2 leads to activation of IP3R under unstimulated basal conditions. Moreover, we observed that loss of IRAG2 impacts the secretion of amylase. Our data, therefore, suggest that IRAG2 modulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which regulates exocrine pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Prüschenk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Majer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (S.P.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-943-4770
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Loss of PKGIβ/IRAG1 Signaling Causes Anemia-Associated Splenomegaly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115458. [PMID: 34064290 PMCID: PMC8196906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-associated cGMP kinase substrate 1 (IRAG1) is a substrate protein of the NO/cGMP-signaling pathway and forms a ternary complex with the cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iβ (PKGIβ) and the inositol triphosphate receptor I (IP3R-I). Functional studies about IRAG1 exhibited that IRAG1 is specifically phosphorylated by the PKGIβ, regulating cGMP-mediated IP3-dependent Ca2+-release. IRAG1 is widely distributed in murine tissues, e.g., in large amounts in smooth muscle-containing tissues and platelets, but also in lower amounts, e.g., in the spleen. The NO/cGMP/PKGI signaling pathway is important in several organ systems. A loss of PKGI causes gastrointestinal disorders, anemia and splenomegaly. Due to the similar tissue distribution of the PKGIβ to IRAG1, we investigated the pathophysiological functions of IRAG1 in this context. Global IRAG1-KO mice developed gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia-associated splenomegaly and iron deficiency. Additionally, Irag1-deficiency altered the protein levels of some cGMP/PKGI signaling proteins—particularly a strong decrease in the PKGIβ—in the colon, spleen and stomach but did not change mRNA-expression of the corresponding genes. The present work showed that a loss of IRAG1 and the PKGIβ/IRAG1 signaling has a crucial function in the development of gastrointestinal disorders and anemia-associated splenomegaly. Furthermore, global Irag1-deficient mice are possible in vivo model to investigate PKGIβ protein functions.
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Harloff M, Prüschenk S, Seifert R, Schlossmann J. Activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase signalling with cinaciguat improves impaired kidney function in diabetic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2460-2475. [PMID: 33651375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause for end-stage renal disease worldwide. Until now, there is no specific therapy available. Standard treatment with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system just slows down progression. However, targeting the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway using sGC activators does prevent kidney damage. Thus, we investigated if the sGC activator cinaciguat was beneficial in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy, and we analysed how mesangial cells (MCs) were affected by related conditions in cell culture. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Type 1 diabetes was induced with streptozotocin in wild-type and endothelial NOS knockout (eNOS KO) mice for 8 or 12 weeks.. Half of these mice received cinaciguat in their chow for the last 4 weeks. Kidneys from the diabetic mice were analysed with histochemical assays and by RT-PCR and western blotting. . Additionally, primary murine MCs under diabetic conditions were stimulated with 8-Br-cGMP or cinaciguat to activate the sGC/cGMP pathway. KEY RESULTS The diabetic eNOS KO mice developed most characteristics of diabetic nephropathy, most marked at 12 weeks. Treatment with cinaciguat markedly improved GFR, serum creatinine, mesangial expansion and kidney fibrosis in these animals. We determined expression levels of related signalling proteins. Thrombospondin 1, a key mediator in kidney diseases, was strongly up-regulated under diabetic conditions and this increase was suppressed by activation of sGC/cGMP signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of the NO/sGC/PKG pathway with cinaciguat was beneficial in a model of diabetic nephropathy. Activators of sGC might be an appropriate therapy option in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Harloff
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sally Prüschenk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Wang W, Wang Q, Kuang H, Wang Q. Characterizing metabolites and potential metabolic pathways changes to understanding the mechanism of medicinal plant Phellodendri Amurensis cortex against doxorubicin-induced nephritis rats using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113336. [PMID: 32653762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phellodendri Amurensis cortex (PAC), a famous traditional Chinese herb with good anti-inflammatory efficacy, is used to treat various liver and kidney sickness in clinical practice. However, the potential mechanisms protecting against nephritis of PAC have not been comprehensively elucidated. The aim of this research was to explore the mechanism of PAC against doxorubicin- induced nephritis in rats by characterizing metabolites and potential metabolic pathways changes. The rat models of nephritis were established using 6.5 mg/kg doxorubicin injection from caudal vein for five weeks. The rats in the treatment group were respectively received PAC extract at the dose of 216, 432, and 864 mg/kg once a day during the experiment. Then, urine metabolomics strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) has been employed to discover the possible significant metabolites and metabolic pathway of nephritis rats. At the end of the experiment, serum, urine and kidney tissue were collected for biochemical and pathological examination. The results showed that PAC treatment notably decreased urinary protein, serum Cr content and renal tissue lesions, and increased serum TP and ALB content. A total of potential twenty- eight metabolites such as 5'-methylthioadenosine, cGMP, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, salbuta, 2-phenylaminoadenosine contributing to nephritis rat model were selected and identified in the urine samples. Compared with the model group, the high-dose PAC group can recall 18 metabolites level, the medium-dose group can recall 13 metabolites level, and the low-dose PAC group can recall 8 metabolites level, which were involved in nine primary metabolic pathways such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism as well as glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. The protein expressions of key enzymes involving methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (Mtap), cytidine deaminase (Cda), thymidine kinase (Tk), argininosuccinate synthase (Ass) in metabolic pathways were further verified by Western blot. The results showed that Phellodendron chinense up-regulated the protein expressions of Cda and Tk and down-regulated the protein expressions of Mtap and Ass. In conclusion, PAC possesses renoprotective effect against doxorubicin-induced nephritis, which may be mediated via regulating differential metabolites, reducing oxidative stress response, improving renal function, enhancing the ability of the immune system, regulating the role of key enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Wenran Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Huandong Road 280, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Das S, Neelamegam K, Peters WN, Periyasamy R, Pandey KN. Depletion of cyclic-GMP levels and inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase activate p21 Cip1 /p27 Kip1 pathways and lead to renal fibrosis and dysfunction. FASEB J 2020; 34:11925-11943. [PMID: 32686172 PMCID: PMC7540536 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000754r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cycle regulatory proteins (p21Cip1 /p27Kip1 ) inhibit cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complex that promotes fibrosis and hypertrophy. The present study examined the role of CDK blockers, p21Cip1 /p27Kip1 in the progression of renal fibrosis and dysfunction using Npr1 (encoding guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A, GC-A/NPRA) gene-knockout (0-copy; Npr1-/- ), 2-copy (Npr1+/+ ), and 4-copy (Npr1++/++ ) mice treated with GC inhibitor, A71915 and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) inhibitor, (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). A significant decrease in renal cGMP levels and cGK activity was observed in 0-copy mice and A71915- and Rp-treated 2-copy and 4-copy mice compared with controls. An increased phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38, p21Cip1 , and p27Kip1 occurred in 0-copy and A71915-treated 2-copy and 4-copy mice, while Rp treatment caused minimal changes than controls. Pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) and pro-fibrotic (TGF-β1) cytokines were significantly increased in plasma and kidneys of 0-copy and A71915-treated 2-copy mice, but to lesser extent in 4-copy mice. Progressive renal pathologies, including fibrosis, mesangial matrix expansion, and tubular hypertrophy were observed in 0-copy and A71915-treated 2-copy and 4-copy mice, but minimally occurred in Rp-treated mice compared with controls. These results indicate that Npr1 has pivotal roles in inhibiting renal fibrosis and hypertrophy and exerts protective effects involving cGMP/cGK axis by repressing CDK blockers p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Das
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kandasamy Neelamegam
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Whitney N Peters
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ramu Periyasamy
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Chen PS, Chiu WT, Hsu PL, Lin SC, Peng IC, Wang CY, Tsai SJ. Pathophysiological implications of hypoxia in human diseases. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:63. [PMID: 32389123 PMCID: PMC7212687 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is essentially required by most eukaryotic organisms as a scavenger to remove harmful electron and hydrogen ions or as a critical substrate to ensure the proper execution of enzymatic reactions. All nucleated cells can sense oxygen concentration and respond to reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia). When oxygen delivery is disrupted or reduced, the organisms will develop numerous adaptive mechanisms to facilitate cells survived in the hypoxic condition. Normally, such hypoxic response will cease when oxygen level is restored. However, the situation becomes complicated if hypoxic stress persists (chronic hypoxia) or cyclic normoxia-hypoxia phenomenon occurs (intermittent hypoxia). A series of chain reaction-like gene expression cascade, termed hypoxia-mediated gene regulatory network, will be initiated under such prolonged or intermittent hypoxic conditions and subsequently leads to alteration of cellular function and/or behaviors. As a result, irreversible processes occur that may cause physiological disorder or even pathological consequences. A growing body of evidence implicates that hypoxia plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of major causes of mortality including cancer, myocardial ischemia, metabolic diseases, and chronic heart and kidney diseases, and in reproductive diseases such as preeclampsia and endometriosis. This review article will summarize current understandings regarding the molecular mechanism of hypoxia in these common and important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Chen Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Schramm A, Schweda F, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Hofmann F, Sandner P, Schlossmann J. Protein Kinase G Is Involved in Acute but Not in Long-Term Regulation of Renin Secretion. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:800. [PMID: 31379575 PMCID: PMC6657341 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is, in combination with diuretics, the first-choice treatment for hypertension, although 10–20% of patients do not respond adequately. Next to the RAAS, the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) system is the second fundamental blood pressure regulator. Whether both systems influence each other is not well-studied. It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) supports renin recruitment via activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and subsequent generation of cGMP. Whether this leads to an ensuing activation of PKGs in this context is not known. PKGIα, as well as PKGII, is expressed in renin-producing cells. Hence, we analyzed whether these enzymes play a role regarding renin synthesis, secretion, or recruitment. We generated renin-cell-specific PKGI-knockout mice and either stimulated or inhibited the renin system in these mice by salt diets. To exclude the possibility that one kinase isoform can compensate the lack of the other, we also studied double-knockout animals with a conditional knockout of PKGI in juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) and a ubiquitous knockout of PKGII. We analyzed blood pressure, renin mRNA and renal renin protein content as well as plasma renin concentration. Furthermore, we stimulated the cGMP system in these mice using BAY 41-8543, an sGC stimulator, and examined renin regulation either after acute administration or after 7 days (application once daily). We did not reveal any striking differences regarding long-term renin regulation in the studied mouse models. Yet, when we studied the acute effect of BAY 41-8543 on renin secretion in isolated perfused kidneys as well as in living animals, we found that the administration of the substance led to a significant increase in plasma renin concentration in control animals. This effect was completely abolished in double-knockout animals. However, after 7 days of once daily application, we did not detect a persistent increase in renin mRNA or protein in any studied genotype. Therefore, we conclude that in mice, cGMP and PKG are involved in the acute regulation of renin release but have no influence on long-term renin adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schramm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Franz Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery-Cardiology, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors blunt kidney fibrosis by reducing myofibroblast formation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:239-252. [PMID: 30617188 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common pathophysiological mechanism in end-stage renal disease characterized by excessive accumulation of myofibroblast-derived extracellular matrix. Natriuretic peptides have been demonstrated to have cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent anti-fibrotic properties likely due to interference with pro-fibrotic tissue growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. However, in vivo, natriuretic peptides are rapidly degraded by neutral endopeptidases (NEP). In a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model for kidney fibrosis we assessed the anti-fibrotic effects of SOL1, an orally active compound that inhibits NEP and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Mice (n=10 per group) subjected to UUO were treated for 1 week with either solvent, NEP-/ECE-inhibitor SOL1 (two doses), reference NEP-inhibitor candoxatril or the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1)-antagonist losartan. While NEP-inhibitors had no significant effect on blood pressure, they did increase urinary cGMP levels as well as endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a marked decrease in renal collagen (∼55% reduction, P<0.05) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; ∼40% reduction, P<0.05). Moreover, the number of α-SMA positive cells in the kidneys of SOL1-treated groups inversely correlated with cGMP levels consistent with a NEP-dependent anti-fibrotic effect. To dissect the molecular mechanisms associated with the anti-fibrotic effects of NEP inhibition, we performed a 'deep serial analysis of gene expression (Deep SAGE)' transcriptome and targeted metabolomics analysis of total kidneys of all treatment groups. Pathway analyses linked increased cGMP and ET-1 levels with decreased nuclear receptor signaling (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR] and liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor [LXR/RXR] signaling) and actin cytoskeleton organization. Taken together, although our transcriptome and metabolome data indicate metabolic dysregulation, our data support the therapeutic potential of NEP inhibition in the treatment of kidney fibrosis via cGMP elevation and reduced myofibroblast formation.
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Uchida H, Matsumura S, Katano T, Watanabe M, Schlossmann J, Ito S. Two isoforms of cyclic GMP-dependent kinase-I exhibit distinct expression patterns in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918796409. [PMID: 30152261 PMCID: PMC6113733 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918796409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
cGMP-dependent kinase-I (cGKI) is known to regulate spinal pain processing. This enzyme consists of two isoforms (cGKIα and cGKIβ) that show distinct substrate specificity and tissue distribution. It has long been believed that the α isoform is exclusively expressed in the adult dorsal root ganglion. The aim of the present study was to reexamine the expression of cGKI isoforms in the adult mouse dorsal root ganglion using isoform-specific cGKI antibodies whose specificities had been validated in the previous studies. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of both isoforms in the dorsal root ganglion. Moreover, cGKIα was found to be mainly expressed within the cytoplasm of small- to medium-sized peptidergic and nonpeptidegic C-fibers, whereas cGKIβ was located within the nuclei of a wide range of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, glutamine synthetase-positive satellite glial cells expressed both isoforms to varying degrees. Finally, using an experimental model for neuropathic pain produced by L5 spinal nerve transection, we found that cGKIα expression was downregulated in the injured, but not in the uninjured, dorsal root ganglion. In contrast, cGKIβ expression was upregulated in both the injured and uninjured dorsal root ganglions. Also, injury-induced cGKIβ upregulation was found to occur in small-to-medium-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. These data thus demonstrate the existence of two differently distributed cGKI isoforms in the dorsal root ganglion, and may provide insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan.,2 Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumura
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Tayo Katano
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- 3 Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Seiji Ito
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Japan
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Franko A, Kovarova M, Feil S, Feil R, Wagner R, Heni M, Königsrainer A, Ruoß M, Nüssler AK, Weigert C, Häring HU, Lutz SZ, Peter A. cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) modulates human hepatic stellate cell activation. Metabolism 2018; 88:22-30. [PMID: 30195474 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a crucial role in liver fibrosis, however the role of HSCs is less understood in hepatic insulin resistance. Since in the liver cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) was detected in HSC but not in hepatocytes, and cGKI-deficient mice that express cGKI selectively in smooth muscle but not in other cell types (cGKI-SM mice) displayed hepatic insulin resistance, we hypothesized that cGKI modulates HSC activation and insulin sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study stellate cell activation in cGKI-SM mice, retinol storage and gene expression were studied. Moreover, in the human stellate cell line LX2, the consequences of cGKI-silencing on gene expression were investigated. Finally, cGKI expression was examined in human liver biopsies covering a wide range of liver fat content. RESULTS Retinyl-ester concentrations in the liver of cGKI-SM mice were lower compared to wild-type animals, which was associated with disturbed expression of genes involved in retinol metabolism and inflammation. cGKI-silenced LX2 cells showed an mRNA expression profile of stellate cell activation, altered matrix degradation and activated chemokine expression. On the other hand, activation of LX2 cells suppressed cGKI expression. In accordance with this finding, in human liver biopsies, we observed a negative correlation between cGKI mRNA and liver fat content. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the lack of cGKI possibly leads to stellate cell activation, which stimulates chemokine expression and activates inflammatory processes, which could disturb hepatic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marketa Kovarova
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Z Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Empagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitor, attenuates renal fibrosis in rats exposed to unilateral ureteric obstruction: potential role of klotho expression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1347-1360. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Friebe A, Voußen B, Groneberg D. NO-GC in cells 'off the beaten track'. Nitric Oxide 2018; 77:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Particulate Guanylyl Cyclase A/cGMP Signaling Pathway in the Kidney: Physiologic and Therapeutic Indications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041006. [PMID: 29584705 PMCID: PMC5979439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The particulate guanylyl cyclase A (pGC-A)/cGMP pathway plays important roles in regulating renal physiological function and as well as in counteracting pathophysiological conditions. Naturally occurring peptide pGC-A activators consist of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), b-type NP (BNP), and urodilatin (URO). These activators bind and activate pGC-A, generating the second messenger cyclic 3′,5′ guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Cyclic GMP binds to downstream pathway effector molecules including protein kinase G (PKG), cGMP-gated ion channels, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). These mediators result in a variety of physiological actions in the kidney, including diuresis, natriuresis, increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and organ protection, thus, opposing renal cellular injury and remodeling. Downstream proteins regulated by PKG include collagen 1 (Col-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and apoptosis-related proteins. In addition to their physiological regulatory effects, pGC-A/cGMP signaling is critical for preserving renal homeostasis in different renal diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Regarding therapeutic options, native pGC-A activators have short half-lives and their activity can be further enhanced by advances in innovative peptide engineering. Thus, novel designer peptide pGC-A activators with enhanced renal activity are under development.
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17
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Kabei K, Tateishi Y, Nozaki M, Tanaka M, Shiota M, Osada-Oka M, Nishide S, Uchida J, Nakatani T, Tomita S, Miura K. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the development of renal fibrosis in mouse obstructed kidney: Special references to HIF-1 dependent gene expression of profibrogenic molecules. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 136:31-38. [PMID: 29352658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to clarify the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in the development of renal fibrosis in mouse obstructive nephropathy. We used mice with floxed HIF-1α alleles and tamoxifen-inducible Cre/ERT2 recombinase under ubiquitin C promoter to induce global HIF-1α deletion. Following tamoxifen administration, mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). At 3, 7 and 14 days after UUO, renal gene expression profiles and interstitial fibrosis were assessed. HIF-1 dependent up-regulation of prolyl hydroxylase 3 and glucose transporter-1 was observed in the obstructed kidney at 3 and 7 days but not at 14 days after UUO. Various factors promoting fibrosis were up-regulated during the development of fibrosis. HIF-1 dependent gene expression of profibrotic molecules, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, connective tissue growth factor, lysyl oxidase like 2 and transglutaminase 2 was observed in the obstructed kidney but such HIF-1 dependency was limited to the early onset of renal fibrosis. Global HIF-1 deletion tended to attenuate interstitial collagen I deposition at 3 days but had no effects thereafter. It is suggested that HIF-1 dependent profibrogenic mechanisms are operating at the early onset of renal fibrosis but its contribution declines with the progression in mouse UUO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kabei
- Department of Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yu Tateishi
- Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Yayoi-cho, Higashiosaka, Osaka 579-8026, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nozaki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Department of Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical BioScience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Research Support Platform, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Shunji Nishide
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakatani
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Differences in the renal antifibrotic cGMP/cGKI-dependent signaling of serelaxin, zaprinast, and their combination. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:939-948. [PMID: 28660304 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an important factor for end-stage renal failure. However, only few therapeutic options for its treatment are established. Zaprinast, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, and serelaxin, the recombinant form of the naturally occurring hormone relaxin, are differently acting modulators of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. Both agents enhance cGMP availability in kidney tissue. These substances alone or in combination might interfere with the development of kidney fibrosis. Therefore, we compared the effects of combination therapy with the effects of monotherapy on renal fibrosis. Renal fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 7 days in wild-type (WT) and cGKI knockout (KO) mice. Renal antifibrotic effects were assessed after 7 days. In WT, zaprinast and the combination of zaprinast and serelaxin significantly reduced renal interstitial fibrosis assessed by α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen1A1, and gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9). Intriguingly in cGKI-KO, mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin and collagen1A1 were reduced by zaprinast, in contrast to serelaxin. Gelatinases are not regulated by zaprinast. Although both substances showed similar antifibrotic properties in WT, they distinguished in their effect mechanisms. In contrast to serelaxin which acts both on Smad2 and Erk1, zaprinast did not significantly diminish Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Interestingly, the combination of serelaxin/zaprinast achieved no additive antifibrotic effects compared to the monotherapy. Due to antifibrotic effects of zaprinast in cGKI-KO, we hypothesize that additional cGKI-independent mechanisms are supposed for antifibrotic signaling of zaprinast.
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19
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Schinner E, Wetzl V, Schramm A, Kees F, Sandner P, Stasch JP, Hofmann F, Schlossmann J. Inhibition of the TGFβ signalling pathway by cGMP and cGMP-dependent kinase I in renal fibrosis. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:550-561. [PMID: 28396839 PMCID: PMC5377407 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents that enhance production of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) ameliorate the progression of renal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism of this process is not fully understood. We hypothesize that the antifibrotic effects of cGMP and cGMP‐dependent kinase I (cGKI) are mediated via regulation of the TGFβ signalling pathway, both via ERK and the Smad‐dependent route. Kidney fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) in wild‐type and cGKI‐deficient (cGKI‐KO) mice. The cGMP/cGKI signalling pathway was activated by application of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41‐8543 (BAY), beginning 1 day after UUO. After 7 days, the antifibrotic effects of BAY were analysed by measuring mRNA and protein expression of characteristic fibrotic biomarkers. The effects of cGMP/TGFβ on cultured fibroblasts were also analysed in vitro. BAY application influenced the activity of the extracellular matrix (ECM)‐degrading matrix metalloproteases (MMP2 and MMP9) and their inhibitor tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1, the secretion of cytokines (e.g. IL‐6) and the expression pattern of ECM proteins (e.g. collagen, fibronectin) and profibrotic mediators (e.g. connective tissue growth factors and plasminogen‐activator inhibitor‐1). Activation of the cGMP/cGKI signalling pathway showed protective effects against fibrosis which were mediated by inhibition of P‐Erk1/2 and translocation of P‐smad3. The elucidation of these signalling mechanisms might support the development of new therapeutic options regarding cGMP/cGKI‐mediated antifibrotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schinner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Regensburg Germany
| | - Veronika Wetzl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Regensburg Germany; Novartis Pharma GmbH Nuremberg Germany
| | - Andrea Schramm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Regensburg Germany
| | - Frieder Kees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Regensburg Germany
| | | | | | - Franz Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Technical University of Munich Germany
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Regensburg Germany
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Shen K, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. The role of cGMP and its signaling pathways in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F671-F681. [PMID: 27413196 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide signal transduction pathways are an emerging research field in kidney disease. Activated cell surface receptors transduce their signals via intracellular second messengers such as cAMP and cGMP. There is increasing evidence that regulation of the cGMP-cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-cGK1-PDE) signaling pathway may be renoprotective. Selective PDE5 inhibitors have shown potential in treating kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), via their downstream signaling, and these inhibitors also have known activity as antithrombotic and anticancer agents. This review gives an outline of the cGMP-cGK1-PDE signaling pathways and details the downstream signaling and regulatory functions that are modulated by cGK1 and PDE inhibitors with regard to antifibrotic, antithrombotic, and antitumor activity. Current evidence that supports the renoprotective effects of regulating cGMP-cGK1-PDE signaling is also summarized. Finally, the effects of icariin, a natural plant extract with PDE5 inhibitory function, are discussed. We conclude that regulation of cGMP-cGK1-PDE signaling might provide novel, therapeutic strategies for the worsening global public health problem of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Shen
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
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Wetzl V, Schinner E, Kees F, Hofmann F, Faerber L, Schlossmann J. Involvement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase I in Renal Antifibrotic Effects of Serelaxin. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:195. [PMID: 27462268 PMCID: PMC4940422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Kidney fibrosis has shown to be ameliorated through the involvement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and its dependent protein kinase I (cGKI). Serelaxin, the recombinant form of human relaxin-II, increases cGMP levels and has shown beneficial effects on kidney function in acute heart failure patients. Antifibrotic properties of serelaxin are supposed to be mediated via relaxin family peptide receptor 1 and subsequently enhanced nitric oxide/cGMP to inhibit transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. This study examines the involvement of cGKI in the antifibrotic signaling of serelaxin. Methods and Results: Kidney fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in wildtype (WT) and cGKI knock-out (KO) mice. After 7 days, renal antifibrotic effects of serelaxin were assessed. Serelaxin treatment for 7 days significantly increased cGMP in the kidney of WT and cGKI-KO. In WT, renal fibrosis was reduced through decreased accumulation of collagen1A1, total collagen, and fibronectin. The profibrotic connective tissue growth factor as well as myofibroblast differentiation were reduced and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 were positively modulated after treatment. Moreover, Smad2 as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) phosphorylation were decreased, whereas phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5a phosphorylation was increased. However, these effects were not observed in cGKI-KO. Conclusion: Antifibrotic renal effects of serelaxin are mediated via cGMP/cGKI to inhibit Smad2- and ERK1-dependent TGF-β signaling and increased PDE5a phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Wetzl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany; Novartis Pharma GmbHNuremberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schinner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frieder Kees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Lothar Faerber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany; Novartis Pharma GmbHNuremberg, Germany
| | - Jens Schlossmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
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Higuchi T, Kawaguchi Y, Takagi K, Tochimoto A, Ota Y, Katsumata Y, Ichida H, Hanaoka M, Kawasumi H, Tochihara M, Yamanaka H. Sildenafil attenuates the fibrotic phenotype of skin fibroblasts in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:333-8. [PMID: 26387628 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-organ fibrotic disease that affects the skin and various internal organs. Therapeutic strategies for tissue fibrosis have not been established; however, aberrantly activated fibroblasts in affected lesions are key targets for modulating fibrosis. Recently, increased intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were demonstrated to improve fibrosis levels in various diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-fibrotic properties of cGMP in cultured fibroblasts from patients with SSc. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor sildenafil increased the intracellular cGMP levels in skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Sildenafil treatment also significantly decreased the expression of several pro-fibrotic factors that were upregulated by TGF-β1 treatment in SSc skin fibroblasts. These inhibitory effects occurred via non-canonical TGF-β signaling. Our findings revealed that sildenafil might be a novel strategy to treat tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Higuchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
| | - Kae Takagi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Akiko Tochimoto
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Yuko Ota
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katsumata
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hisae Ichida
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Masanori Hanaoka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Kawasumi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Mari Tochihara
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
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Stasch JP, Schlossmann J, Hocher B. Renal effects of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators: A review of the preclinical evidence. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 21:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cyclic nucleotide signalling in kidney fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:2320-51. [PMID: 25622251 PMCID: PMC4346839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16022320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is an important factor for the progression of kidney diseases, e.g., diabetes mellitus induced kidney failure, glomerulosclerosis and nephritis resulting in chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were implicated to suppress several of the above mentioned renal diseases. In this review article, identified effects and mechanisms of cGMP and cAMP regarding renal fibrosis are summarized. These mechanisms include several signalling pathways of nitric oxide/ANP/guanylyl cyclases/cGMP-dependent protein kinase and cAMP/Epac/adenylyl cyclases/cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Furthermore, diverse possible drugs activating these pathways are discussed. From these diverse mechanisms it is expected that new pharmacological treatments will evolve for the therapy or even prevention of kidney failure.
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Sildenafil citrate in a donation after circulatory death experimental model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation 2015; 98:612-7. [PMID: 25029386 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors prevent the breakdown of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and therefore may be useful in reducing the detrimental effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil, on I/R injury in a porcine model of donation after circulatory death kidney transplantation. METHODS Kidneys were subjected to 20 min warm ischemia followed by 2 or 18 hr of cold storage (n=6 kidneys per group). After preservation kidneys were reperfused on an ex vivo perfusion system for 3 hr with an oxygenated blood based solution. Kidneys were treated with 1.4 mg/kg sildenafil infused 10 min before and for 20 min after reperfusion (n=6 kidneys per group). Renal function and injury markers were measured throughout reperfusion. RESULTS Prolonged cold ischemia (CI) significantly reduced levels of cGMP (2 hr 3.5 [1.5-5.7] vs. 18 hr 1.2 [0.3-2.8] pmol/mL; P=0.010). The administration of sildenafil significantly increased the levels (P=0.047, 0.064). Sildenafil improved the renal blood flow for the first 30 min in the 2-hr group (sildenafil, 81.8 [43.8-101.9] vs. control 40.2 [6.4-76.9] mL/min/100 g; P=0.026) and up to 60 min in the 18-hr group (sildenafil, 67.4 [38.0-87.0] vs. control 36.2 [30.5-50.0] mL/min/100 g; P=0.009) during reperfusion. Renal function was significantly impaired after 18-hr CI (P=0.0.26), and treatment with sildenafil did not improve renal function in the 2-hr (P=0.384) or 18-hr CI (P=0.099) groups. CONCLUSION Sildenafil had a vasodilatory action and increased levels of cGMP but did not affect recovery of renal function or protect against I/R injury.
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Cui W, Maimaitiyiming H, Qi X, Norman H, Zhou Q, Wang X, Fu J, Wang S. Increasing cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F996-1007. [PMID: 24573388 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00657.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies support the protective effect of cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG-I) pathway on the development of renal fibrosis. Therefore, in the present studies, we determined whether pharmacologically or genetically increased PKG activity attenuates renal fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model and also examined the mechanisms involved. To increase PKG activity, we used the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil and PKG transgenic mice. UUO model was induced in wild-type or PKG-I transgenic mice by ligating the left lateral ureteral and the renal fibrosis was observed after 14 days of ligation. Sildenafil was administered into wild-type UUO mice for 14 days. In vitro, macrophage and proximal tubular cell function was also analyzed. We found that sildenafil treatment or PKG transgenic mice had significantly reduced UUO-induced renal fibrosis, which was associated with reduced TGF-β signaling and reduced macrophage infiltration into kidney interstitial. In vitro data further demonstrated that both macrophages and proximal tubular cells were important sources of UUO-induced renal TGF-β levels. The interaction between macrophages and tubular cells contributes to TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis. Taken together, these data suggest that increasing PKG activity ameliorates renal fibrosis in part through regulation of macrophage and tubular cell function, leading to reduced TGF-β-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cui
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Wethington Bldg., Rm. 583, 900 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536.
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