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Tsokos GC, Boulougoura A, Kasinath V, Endo Y, Abdi R, Li H. The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:206-217. [PMID: 37985868 PMCID: PMC11005998 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of immune complexes, activation of complement and infiltration of the kidney by cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems have long been considered responsible for the induction of kidney damage in autoimmune, alloimmune and other inflammatory kidney diseases. However, emerging findings have highlighted the contribution of resident immune cells and of immune molecules expressed by kidney-resident parenchymal cells to disease processes. Several types of kidney parenchymal cells seem to express a variety of immune molecules with a distinct topographic distribution, which may reflect the exposure of these cells to different pathogenic threats or microenvironments. A growing body of literature suggests that these cells can stimulate the infiltration of immune cells that provide protection against infections or contribute to inflammation - a process that is also regulated by draining kidney lymph nodes. Moreover, components of the immune system, such as autoantibodies, cytokines and immune cells, can influence the metabolic profile of kidney parenchymal cells in the kidney, highlighting the importance of crosstalk in pathogenic processes. The development of targeted nanomedicine approaches that modulate the immune response or control inflammation and damage directly within the kidney has the potential to eliminate the need for systemically acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Vivek Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Bai M, Sun R, Cao B, Feng J, Wang J. Monocyte-related cytokines/chemokines in cerebral ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3693-3712. [PMID: 37452512 PMCID: PMC10651979 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the most common cause of disability in Western countries. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development and progression of ischemic stroke, and inflammation is one of the most important mechanisms. DISCUSSION Ischemia induces the release of adenosine triphosphate/reactive oxygen species, which activates immune cells to produce many proinflammatory cytokines that activate downstream inflammatory cascades to induce fatal immune responses. Research has confirmed that peripheral blood immune cells play a vital role in the immunological cascade after ischemic stroke. The role of monocytes has received much attention among numerous peripheral blood immune cells. Monocytes induce their effects by secreting cytokines or chemokines, including CCL2/CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, CD36, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CXCL12(SDF-1), LFA-1/ICAM-1, Ly6C, MMP-2/9, NR4A1, P2X4R, P-selectin, CD40L, TLR2/4, and VCAM-1/VLA-4. Those factors play important roles in the process of monocyte recruitment, migration, and differentiation. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the function and mechanism of the cytokines secreted by monocytes in the process of ischemic stroke and provides novel targets for treating cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Bai
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruize Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Cabana-Puig X, Lu R, Geng S, Michaelis JS, Oakes V, Armstrong C, Testerman JC, Liao X, Alajoleen R, Appiah M, Zhang Y, Reilly CM, Li L, Luo XM. CX 3CR1 modulates SLE-associated glomerulonephritis and cardiovascular disease in MRL/lpr mice. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1083-1097. [PMID: 37060359 PMCID: PMC10748465 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often develop multi-organ damages including heart and kidney complications. We sought to better define the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. METHODS We generated Cx3cr1-deficient MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice through backcrossing. We then employed heterozygous intercross to generate MRL/lpr littermates that were either sufficient or deficient of CX3CR1. The mice were also treated with either Lactobacillus spp. or a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by assessments of the kidney and heart, respectively. RESULTS Cx3cr1-/- MRL/lpr mice exhibited a distinct phenotype of exacerbated glomerulonephritis compared to Cx3cr1+/+ littermates, which was associated with a decrease of spleen tolerogenic marginal zone macrophages and an increase of double-negative T cells. Interestingly, upon correction of the gut microbiota with Lactobacillus administration, the phenotype of exacerbated glomerulonephritis was reversed, suggesting that CX3CR1 controls glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice through a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism. Upon treatment with HFD, Cx3cr1-/- MRL/lpr mice developed significantly more atherosclerotic plaques that were promoted by Ly6C+ monocytes. Activated monocytes expressed ICOS-L that interacted with ICOS-expressing follicular T-helper cells, which in turn facilitated a germinal center reaction to produce more autoantibodies. Through a positive feedback mechanism, the increased circulatory autoantibodies further promoted the activation of Ly6C+ monocytes and their display of ICOS-L. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered novel, Cx3cr1 deficiency-mediated pathogenic mechanisms contributing to SLE-associated glomerulonephritis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cabana-Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn S Michaelis
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Oakes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Caitlin Armstrong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James C Testerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Razan Alajoleen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael Appiah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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4
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Lopes AP, Hillen MR, Hinrichs AC, Blokland SLM, Bekker CPJ, Pandit A, Kruize AA, Radstake TRDJ, van Roon JA. Deciphering the role of cDC2s in Sjögren's syndrome: transcriptomic profile links altered antigen processes with IFN signature and autoimmunity. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:374-383. [PMID: 36171070 PMCID: PMC9933176 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) are key orchestrators of inflammatory responses, linking innate and adaptative immunity. Here we explored the regulation of immunological pathways in cDC2s from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS RNA sequencing of circulating cDC2s from patients with pSS, patients with non-Sjögren's sicca and healthy controls (HCs) was exploited to establish transcriptional signatures. Phenotypical and functional validation was performed in independent cohorts. RESULTS Transcriptome of cDC2s from patients with pSS revealed alterations in type I interferon (IFN), toll-like receptor (TLR), antigen processing and presentation pathways. Phenotypical validation showed increased CX3CR1 expression and decreased integrin beta-2 and plexin-B2 on pSS cDC2s. Functional validation confirmed impaired capacity of pSS cDC2s to degrade antigens and increased antigen uptake, including self-antigens derived from salivary gland epithelial cells. These changes in antigen uptake and degradation were linked to anti-SSA/Ro (SSA) autoantibodies and the presence of type I IFNs. In line with this, in vitro IFN-α priming enhanced the uptake of antigens by HC cDC2s, reflecting the pSS cDC2 profile. Finally, pSS cDC2s compared with HC cDC2s increased the proliferation and the expression of CXCR3 and CXCR5 on proliferating CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS pSS cDC2s are transcriptionally altered, and the aberrant antigen uptake and processing, including (auto-)antigens, together with increased proliferation of tissue-homing CD4+ T cells, suggest altered antigen presentation by pSS cDC2s. These functional alterations were strongly linked to anti-SSA positivity and the presence of type I IFNs. Thus, we demonstrate novel molecular and functional pieces of evidence for the role of cDC2s in orchestrating immune response in pSS, which may yield novel avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Lopes
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Hillen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneline C Hinrichs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie LM Blokland
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis PJ Bekker
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aike A Kruize
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy RDJ Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joel A van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Kim J, Go H, Lim JS, Oh JS, Ahn SM, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B, Hong S. Circulating and renal fibrocytes are associated with interstitial fibrosis in lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:914-923. [PMID: 35703942 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibrocytes, the extracellular matrix-producing cells derived from bone marrow progenitors, contribute to organ fibrosis. We investigated the presence and characteristics of fibrocytes in the peripheral blood and kidney of patients with lupus nephritis (LN), and the association of the abundance of fibrocytes with renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in LN fibrogenesis. METHODS Fibrocytes were identified with type I collagen (colI), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD34 and CD45 using flow cytometry and confocal imaging. The associations between the levels of fibrocytes and pathological features of patients with LN were analysed. The contribution of RTECs to fibrocyte generation was determined using LN sera-treated HK-2 cells. RESULTS Spindle-shaped fibrocytes (colI+α-SMA+CD34+CD45+ cells) were present in the peripheral blood and their abundance was especially high in LN patients with interstitial fibrosis compared with healthy control. Renal fibrocytes (colI+α-SMA+CD45+ cells) were found in the tubulointerstitium in patients with LN, and their numbers were significantly associated with the degrees of chronicity indices including interstitial fibrosis and renal dysfunction. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with supernatants from LN serum-treated HK-2 cells led to a significant generation of fibrocytes, which was abrogated by the addition of IL-6 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSION Fibrocytes were significantly increased in the blood and kidney tissue of patients with LN, especially those with interstitial fibrosis. Fibrocytes could be differentiated from blood cells, with an active contribution from RTECs. Our results show a possible link between fibrocytes and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for LN fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center
| | | | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Ji Seon Oh
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Bin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
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Gene-Based Network Analysis Reveals Prognostic Biomarkers Implicated in Diabetic Tubulointerstitial Injury. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2700392. [PMID: 36092962 PMCID: PMC9452978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2700392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a significant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a devastating disease worldwide. Objective The aim of this study was to reveal crucial genes closely linked to the molecular mechanism of tubulointerstitial injury in DN. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to download the datasets. Based on this, a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) network was constructed to detect DN-related modules and hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichments were performed on the selected hub genes and modules. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was performed on the obtained gene signature. Results The WGCNA network was constructed based on 3019 genes, and nine gene coexpression modules were generated. A total of 57 genes, including 34 genes in the magenta module and 23 genes in the purple module, were adapted as hub genes. 61 significantly downregulated and 119 upregulated genes were screened as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). 25 overlapping genes between hub genes chosen from WGCNA and DEG were identified. Through LASSO analysis, a 9-gene signature may be a potential prognostic biomarker for DN. To further explore the potential mechanism of DN, the different immune cell infiltrations between tubulointerstitial samples of DN and healthy samples were estimated. Conclusions This bioinformatics study identified CX3CR1, HRG, LTF, TUBA1A, GADD45B, PDK4, CLIC5, NDNF, and SOCS2 as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of DN. Moreover, DN tends to own a higher proportion of memory B cell.
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Lu X, Crowley SD. Actions of Dendritic Cells in the Kidney during Hypertension. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4087-4101. [PMID: 35950656 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immune response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and immune cell populations can promote blood pressure elevation via actions in the kidney. Among these cell lineages, dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, play a central role in regulating immune response during hypertension and kidney disease. DCs have different subtypes, and renal DCs are comprised of the CD103+ CD11b- and CD103- CD11b+ subsets. DCs become mature and express costimulatory molecules on their surface once they encounter antigen. Isolevuglandin-modified proteins function as antigens to activate DCs and trigger them to stimulate T cells. Activated T cells accumulate in the hypertensive kidney, release effector cytokines, promote renal oxidative stress, and promote renal salt and water retention. Individual subsets of activated T cells can secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-17A, and interferon-gamma, each of which has augmented the elevation of blood pressure in hypertensive models by enhancing renal sodium transport. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-dependent classical DCs are required to sustain the full hypertensive response, but C-X3 -C chemokine receptor 1 positive DCs do not regulate blood pressure. Excess sodium enters the DC through transporters to activate DCs, whereas the ubiquitin editor A20 in dendritic cells constrains blood pressure elevation by limiting T cell activation. By contrast, activation of the salt sensing kinase, serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 in DCs exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension. This article discusses recent studies illustrating mechanisms through which DC-T cell interactions modulate levels of pro-hypertensive mediators to regulate blood pressure via actions in the kidney. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-15, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Raghubar AM, Pham DT, Tan X, Grice LF, Crawford J, Lam PY, Andersen SB, Yoon S, Teoh SM, Matigian NA, Stewart A, Francis L, Ng MSY, Healy HG, Combes AN, Kassianos AJ, Nguyen Q, Mallett AJ. Spatially Resolved Transcriptomes of Mammalian Kidneys Illustrate the Molecular Complexity and Interactions of Functional Nephron Segments. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873923. [PMID: 35872784 PMCID: PMC9300864 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Available transcriptomes of the mammalian kidney provide limited information on the spatial interplay between different functional nephron structures due to the required dissociation of tissue with traditional transcriptome-based methodologies. A deeper understanding of the complexity of functional nephron structures requires a non-dissociative transcriptomics approach, such as spatial transcriptomics sequencing (ST-seq). We hypothesize that the application of ST-seq in normal mammalian kidneys will give transcriptomic insights within and across species of physiology at the functional structure level and cellular communication at the cell level. Here, we applied ST-seq in six mice and four human kidneys that were histologically absent of any overt pathology. We defined the location of specific nephron structures in the captured ST-seq datasets using three lines of evidence: pathologist's annotation, marker gene expression, and integration with public single-cell and/or single-nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets. We compared the mouse and human cortical kidney regions. In the human ST-seq datasets, we further investigated the cellular communication within glomeruli and regions of proximal tubules–peritubular capillaries by screening for co-expression of ligand–receptor gene pairs. Gene expression signatures of distinct nephron structures and microvascular regions were spatially resolved within the mouse and human ST-seq datasets. We identified 7,370 differentially expressed genes (padj < 0.05) distinguishing species, suggesting changes in energy production and metabolism in mouse cortical regions relative to human kidneys. Hundreds of potential ligand–receptor interactions were identified within glomeruli and regions of proximal tubules–peritubular capillaries, including known and novel interactions relevant to kidney physiology. Our application of ST-seq to normal human and murine kidneys confirms current knowledge and localization of transcripts within the kidney. Furthermore, the generated ST-seq datasets provide a valuable resource for the kidney community that can be used to inform future research into this complex organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti M. Raghubar
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Duy T. Pham
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiao Tan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura F. Grice
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanna Crawford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pui Yeng Lam
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey B. Andersen
- Genome Innovation Hub, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- UQ Sequencing Facility, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sohye Yoon
- Genome Innovation Hub, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Siok Min Teoh
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Matigian
- QCIF Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne Stewart
- Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Leo Francis
- Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Monica S. Y. Ng
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Nephrology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen G. Healy
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander N. Combes
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Kassianos
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Andrew J. Mallett
| | - Andrew J. Mallett
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- College of Medicine & Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Quan Nguyen
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Mi T, Jin L, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li M, Zhanghuang C, Tan X, Wang Z, Tian X, Xiang B, He D. DNA Hypermethylation-Regulated CX3CL1 Reducing T Cell Infiltration Indicates Poor Prognosis in Wilms Tumour. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882714. [PMID: 35530333 PMCID: PMC9072742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of chemokines in Wilms tumours, especially their chemotaxis to immune cells and the role of DNA methylation in regulating the expression level of chemokines. Methods RNAseqV2 gene expression and clinical data were downloaded from the TARGET database. DNA methylation data were downloaded from the GEO and cBioPortal database. The difference analysis and Kaplan-Meier(KM) analysis of chemokines were performed by edgeR package. Then predictive model based on chemokines was constructed by lasso regression and multivariate COX regression. ROC curve, DCA curve, Calibration curve, and Nomogram were used to evaluate the prognostic model. MCPcounter and Cibersort algorithm was used to calculate the infiltration of immune cells in Wilms tumour and para-tumour samples. Then the difference analysis of the immune cells was performed. The relationship between chemokines and immune cells were calculated by Pearson correlation. In addition, DNA methylation differences between Wilms tumour and para-tumour samples was performed. The correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA expression was calculated by Pearson correlation. Western blot(WB)and immunofluorescence were used to confirm the differential expression of CX3CL1 and T cells, and the correlation between them. Results A total of 16 chemokines were differentially expressed in tumour and para-tumour samples. A total of seven chemokines were associated with survival. CCL2 and CX3CL1 were positively correlated with prognosis, while high expression of CCL3, CCL8, CCL15, CCL18 and CXCL9 predicted poor prognosis. By lasso regression and multivariate COX regression, CCL3, CCL15, CXCL9 and CX3CL1 were finally included to construct a prediction model. The model shows good prediction ability. MCPcounter and Cibersort algorithm both showed that T cells were higher in para-tumour tissues than cancer tissues. Correlation analysis showed that CX3CL1 had a strong correlation with T cells. These were verified by Weston blot and immunofluorescence. DNA methylation analysis showed that various chemokines were different in para-tumours and tumours. CX3CL1 was hypermethylated in tumours, and the degree of methylation was negatively correlated with mRNA expression. Conclusion 1. There is low T cell infiltration in nephroblastoma. 2. Chemokines such as CX3CL1 indicate a favourable prognosis and positively correlate with the number of T cells. 3. chemokines such as CX3CL1 are negatively regulated by DNA hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Mujie Li
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomao Tian
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Dawei He,
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10
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Ma Q, Luan J, Bai Y, Xu C, Liu F, Chen B, Ju D, Xu H. Interleukin-22 in Renal Protection and Its Pathological Role in Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851818. [PMID: 35432360 PMCID: PMC9008451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney injury has gradually become a worldwide public health problem currently affecting approximately 10% of the population and can eventually progress to chronic end-stage renal disease characteristic by the result of epithelial atrophy. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine produced by activated immune cells, while acting mainly on epithelial cells ranging from innate immune response to tissue regeneration to maintain barrier integrity and promote wound healing. Accumulating data suggests that IL-22 has emerged as a fundamental mediator of epithelial homeostasis in the kidney through promoting tissue repair and regeneration, inhibiting oxidative stress, and producing antimicrobial peptides. Binding of IL-22 to its transmembrane receptor complex triggers janus kinase/tyrosine kinase 2 phosphorylation, which further activates a number of downstream cascades, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, MAP kinase, and protein kinase B, and initiates a wide array of downstream effects. However, the activation of the IL-22 signaling pathways promotes the activation of complement systems and enhances the infiltration of chemokines, which does harm to the kidney and may finally result in chronic renal failure of different autoimmune kidney diseases, including lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy. This review describes current knowledge of the basic features of IL-22, including structure, cellular origin and associated signaling pathways. Also, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the physiological and pathological effects of IL-22 in the kidney, suggesting the potential strategies for the specific application of this cytokine in the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bufeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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11
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Hamdan D, Robinson LA. Role of the CX 3CL1-CX 3CR1 axis in renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F121-F134. [PMID: 34121453 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive infiltration of immune cells into the kidney is a key feature of acute and chronic kidney diseases. The family of chemokines comprises key drivers of this process. Fractalkine [chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1)] is one of two unique chemokines synthesized as a transmembrane protein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate a soluble species. Through interacting with its cognate receptor, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1), CX3CL1 was originally shown to act as a conventional chemoattractant in the soluble form and as an adhesion molecule in the transmembrane form. Since then, other functions of CX3CL1 beyond leukocyte recruitment have been described, including cell survival, immunosurveillance, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This review summarizes diverse roles of CX3CL1 in kidney disease and potential uses as a therapeutic target and novel biomarker. As the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis has been shown to contribute to both detrimental and protective effects in various kidney diseases, a thorough understanding of how the expression and function of CX3CL1 are regulated is needed to unlock its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hamdan
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Role of Dendritic Cell in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147554. [PMID: 34299173 PMCID: PMC8308035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant microvascular complications in diabetic patients. DN is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, accounting for approximately 50% of incident cases. The current treatment options, such as optimal control of hyperglycemia and elevated blood pressure, are insufficient to prevent its progression. DN has been considered as a nonimmune, metabolic, or hemodynamic glomerular disease initiated by hyperglycemia. However, recent studies suggest that DN is an inflammatory disease, and immune cells related with innate and adaptive immunity, such as macrophage and T cells, might be involved in its development and progression. Although it has been revealed that kidney dendritic cells (DCs) accumulation in the renal tissue of human and animal models of DN require activated T cells in the kidney disease, little is known about the function of DCs in DN. In this review, we describe kidney DCs and their subsets, and the role in the pathogenesis of DN. We also suggest how to improve the kidney outcomes by modulating kidney DCs optimally in the patients with DN.
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13
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Cormican S, Griffin MD. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and Its Receptor CX3CR1: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Chronic Kidney Disease? Front Immunol 2021; 12:664202. [PMID: 34163473 PMCID: PMC8215706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells are key contributors to kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Infiltration of the renal parenchyma by innate immune cells is governed by multiple signalling pathways. Since the discovery of the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1 over twenty years ago, a wealth of evidence has emerged linking CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signalling to renal pathologies in both acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, despite the extent of data indicating a pathogenic role for this pathway in kidney disease and its complications, no human trials of targeted therapeutic agents have been reported. Although acute autoimmune kidney disease is often successfully treated with immunomodulatory medications, there is a notable lack of treatment options for patients with progressive fibrotic CKD. In this article we revisit the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and its functional roles. Furthermore we review the accumulating evidence that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interactions mediate important events in the intra-renal pathophysiology of CKD progression, particularly via recruitment of innate immune cells into the kidney. We also consider the role that systemic activation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in renal disease contributes to CKD-associated cardiovascular disease. Based on this evidence, we highlight the potential for therapies targeting CX3CL1 or CX3CR1 to benefit people living with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cormican
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
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14
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von Vietinghoff S, Kurts C. Regulation and function of CX3CR1 and its ligand CX3CL1 in kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:335-344. [PMID: 34009468 PMCID: PMC8523406 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Attraction, retention, and differentiation of leukocytes to and within the kidney are governed by chemokines. The chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 are exemplary in this regard as they are highly expressed and further upregulated in a range of kidney diseases. CX3CL1 is chiefly produced by renal endothelium and tubular epithelium, where it promotes leukocyte attraction. Recent data suggest that in addition to established soluble mediators, cellular interactions may enhance CX3CL1 expression. The receptor CX3CR1 is essential in myeloid phagocyte homing to the kidney at homeostasis, after acute cell depletion and in inflammation. CX3CR1 and its ligand are highly regulated in human kidney diseases such as IgA nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory conditions such as transplant rejection. A mechanistic role of CX3CR1 has been established in experimental models of nephrotoxic nephritis and renal candidiasis. It is debated in fibrosis. Recent publications demonstrate a role for CX3CR1+ myeloid cells in radio-contrast-agent and sepsis-induced kidney damage. Systemically, circulating CX3CR1+ monocytes reversibly increase in individuals with renal impairment and correlate with their cardiovascular risk. In this review, we discuss role and regulatory mechanisms of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in both localized and systemic effects of renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- First Medical Clinic, Nephrology Section, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Biomedical Center II, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Biomedical Center II, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Sasaki K, Terker AS, Pan Y, Li Z, Cao S, Wang Y, Niu A, Wang S, Fan X, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Deletion of Myeloid Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (Irf4) in Mouse Model Protects against Kidney Fibrosis after Ischemic Injury by Decreased Macrophage Recruitment and Activation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1037-1052. [PMID: 33619052 PMCID: PMC8259665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKI is characterized by abrupt and reversible kidney dysfunction, and incomplete recovery leads to chronic kidney injury. Previous studies by us and others have indicated that macrophage infiltration and polarization play key roles in recovery from AKI. The role in AKI recovery played by IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a mediator of polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype, is unclear. METHODS We used mice with myeloid or macrophage cell-specific deletion of Irf4 (MΦ Irf4-/- ) to evaluate Irf4's role in renal macrophage polarization and development of fibrosis after severe AKI. RESULTS Surprisingly, although macrophage Irf4 deletion had a minimal effect on early renal functional recovery from AKI, it resulted in decreased renal fibrosis 4 weeks after severe AKI, in association with less-activated macrophages. Macrophage Irf4 deletion also protected against renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) from MΦ Irf4-/- mice had diminished chemotactic responses to macrophage chemoattractants, with decreased activation of AKT and PI3 kinase and increased PTEN expression. PI3K and AKT inhibitors markedly decreased chemotaxis in wild-type BMDMs, and in a cultured macrophage cell line. There was significant inhibition of homing of labeled Irf4-/- BMDMs to postischemic kidneys. Renal macrophage infiltration in response to AKI was markedly decreased in MΦ Irf4-/- mice or in wild-type mice with inhibition of AKT activity. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of Irf4 from myeloid cells protected against development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis after severe ischemic renal injury in mice, due primarily to inhibition of AKT-mediated monocyte recruitment to the injured kidney and reduced activation and subsequent polarization into a profibrotic M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhilian Li
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shirong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aolei Niu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Suwan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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16
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Tang PCT, Chan ASW, Zhang CB, García Córdoba CA, Zhang YY, To KF, Leung KT, Lan HY, Tang PMK. TGF-β1 Signaling: Immune Dynamics of Chronic Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628519. [PMID: 33718407 PMCID: PMC7948440 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing a great burden on the healthcare system. Regrettably, effective CKD therapeutic strategies are yet available due to their elusive pathogenic mechanisms. CKD is featured by progressive inflammation and fibrosis associated with immune cell dysfunction, leading to the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment, which ultimately exacerbating renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is an indispensable immunoregulator promoting CKD progression by controlling the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immunocytes via both canonical and non-canonical pathways. More importantly, recent studies have uncovered a new mechanism of TGF-β1 for de novo generation of myofibroblast via macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT). This review will update the versatile roles of TGF-β signaling in the dynamics of renal immunity, a better understanding may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Alex Siu-Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Cai-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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17
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Non-permissive human conventional CD1c+ dendritic cells enable trans-infection of human primary renal tubular epithelial cells and protect BK polyomavirus from neutralization. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009042. [PMID: 33592065 PMCID: PMC7886149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus that persists in the renourinary epithelium. Immunosuppression can lead to BKPyV reactivation in the first year post-transplantation in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In KTRs, persistent DNAemia has been correlated to the occurrence of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) that can lead to graft loss if not properly controlled. Based on recent observations that conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) specifically infiltrate PVAN lesions, we hypothesized that those cells could play a role in BKPyV infection. We first demonstrated that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), an in vitro model for mDCs, captured BKPyV particles through an unconventional GRAF-1 endocytic pathway. Neither BKPyV particles nor BKPyV-infected cells were shown to activate MDDCs. Endocytosed virions were efficiently transmitted to permissive cells and protected from the antibody-mediated neutralization. Finally, we demonstrated that freshly isolated CD1c+ mDCs from the blood and kidney parenchyma behaved similarly to MDDCs thus extending our results to cells of clinical relevance. This study sheds light on a potential unprecedented CD1c+ mDC involvement in the BKPyV infection as a promoter of viral spreading. Dr Sylvia Gardner first discovered the BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in the urine of a kidney-transplant recipient in 1970. In the 1990’s, the widespread use of potent immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus, sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil led to the emergence of BKPyV nephropathy. Recently, various studies reported a specific influx of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in the renal tissue of kidney-transplant patients who were diagnosed with a BKPyV nephropathy. MDCs are immune cells both residing in tissues and migrating to other organs or compartments like the blood when changes in their environment occur. Their main functions are the detection of danger signals such as pathogens or tumors and the processing of antigens to prime naïve specific effectors of the adaptive immune response. Although anti-BKPyV cellular immune responses have been investigated in post-transplant recipients as well as healthy individuals, supporting an active role of mDCs little is known about how mDCs and BKPyV interact with each other. Our study provides the basis to understand the role played by mDCs in virus capture through an unprecedented endocytic mechanism and possibly in viral protection from neutralization by specific antibodies. Moreover, we showed that mDCs are unable to sense BKPyV particles or BKPyV-infected dying cells as a danger signal, supporting the view that other DC subsets might act as the true antigen presenting cells that promote the adaptive immune response against BKPyV infection.
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18
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Hong S, Healy H, Kassianos AJ. The Emerging Role of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in the Immunological Pathophysiology of Lupus Nephritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578952. [PMID: 33072122 PMCID: PMC7538705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic, autoimmune disease that can involve virtually any organ of the body. Lupus nephritis (LN), the clinical manifestation of this disease in the kidney, is one of the most common and severe outcomes of SLE. Although a key pathological hallmark of LN is glomerular inflammation and damage, tubulointerstitial lesions have been recognized as an important component in the pathology of LN. Renal tubular epithelial cells are resident cells in the tubulointerstitium that have been shown to play crucial roles in various acute and chronic kidney diseases. In this context, recent progress has been made in examining the functional role of tubular epithelial cells in LN pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of renal tubular epithelial cells in LN, the potential role of tubular epithelial cells as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of LN, and the future therapeutic potential of targeting the tubulointerstitium for the treatment of patients with LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokchan Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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19
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Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:391-407. [PMID: 32372062 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. In the healthy kidney, DCs coordinate effective immune responses, for example, by recruiting neutrophils for bacterial clearance in pyelonephritis. The pro-inflammatory actions of DCs can, however, also contribute to tissue damage in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic glomerulonephritis, as DCs recruit and activate effector T cells, which release toxic mediators and maintain tubulointerstitial immune infiltrates. These actions are counterbalanced by DC subsets that promote the activation and maintenance of regulatory T cells to support resolution of the immune response and allow kidney repair. Several studies have investigated the multiple roles for DCs in kidney homeostasis and disease, but it has become clear that current tools and subset markers are not sufficient to accurately distinguish DCs from macrophages. Multidimensional transcriptomic analysis studies promise to improve mononuclear phagocyte classification and provide a clearer view of DC ontogeny and subsets.
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20
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. Renal fibrosis is considered to be closely related to various cell types, such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, T cells, and other inflammatory cells. Multiple types of cells regulate renal fibrosis through the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts, and the production of the extracellular matrix. Cell trafficking is orchestrated by a family of small proteins called chemokines. Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties, which are classified into 4 groups: CXCL, CCL, CX3CL, and XCL. Similarly, chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors classified into 4 groups: XCR, CCR, CXCR, and CX3CR. Chemokine receptors are also implicated in the infiltration, differentiation, and survival of functional cells, triggering inflammation that leads to fibrosis development. In this review, we summarize the different chemokine receptors involved in the processes of fibrosis in different cell types. Further studies are required to identify the molecular mechanisms of chemokine signaling that contribute to renal fibrosis.
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21
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Law BMP, Wilkinson R, Wang X, Kildey K, Giuliani K, Beagley KW, Ungerer J, Healy H, Kassianos AJ. Human Tissue-Resident Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Renal Fibrosis and CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1322-1335. [PMID: 31186283 PMCID: PMC6622420 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a specialized lymphocyte population associated with chronic inflammatory disorders. Little is known, however, about MAIT cells in diseases of the kidney, including CKD. METHODS To evaluate MAIT cells in human native kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of CKD, we used multicolor flow cytometry to identify, enumerate, and phenotype such cells from human kidney tissue biopsy samples, and immunofluorescence microscopy to localize these cells. We cocultured MAIT cells and human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) under hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions to enable examination of mechanistic tubulointerstitial interactions. RESULTS We identified MAIT cells (CD3+ TCR Vα7.2+ CD161hi) in healthy and diseased kidney tissues, detecting expression of tissue-resident markers (CD103/CD69) on MAIT cells in both states. Tissue samples from kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis had significantly elevated numbers of MAIT cells compared with either nonfibrotic samples from diseased kidneys or tissue samples from healthy kidneys. Furthermore, CD69 expression levels, also an established marker of lymphocyte activation, were significantly increased on MAIT cells from fibrotic tissue samples. Immunofluorescent analyses of fibrotic kidney tissue identified MAIT cells accumulating adjacent to PTECs. Notably, MAIT cells activated in the presence of human PTECs under hypoxic conditions (modeling the fibrotic microenvironment) displayed significantly upregulated expression of CD69 and cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B; we also observed a corresponding significant increase in PTEC necrosis in these cocultures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that human tissue-resident MAIT cells in the kidney may contribute to the fibrotic process of CKD via complex interactions with PTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becker M P Law
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kurt Giuliani
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
| | - Jacobus Ungerer
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Helmke A, Nordlohne J, Balzer MS, Dong L, Rong S, Hiss M, Shushakova N, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. CX3CL1–CX3CR1 interaction mediates macrophage-mesothelial cross talk and promotes peritoneal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1405-1417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Campeiro JD, Dam W, Monte GG, Porta LC, Oliveira LCGD, Nering MB, Viana GM, Carapeto FC, Oliveira EB, van den Born J, Hayashi MAF. Long term safety of targeted internalization of cell penetrating peptide crotamine into renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3312. [PMID: 30824773 PMCID: PMC6397221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) play a crucial role in progressive tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in native and transplanted kidneys. Targeting PTECs by non-viral delivery vectors might be useful to influence the expression of important genes and/or proteins in order to slow down renal function loss. However, no clinical therapies that specifically target PTECs are available at present. We earlier showed that a cationic cell penetrating peptide isolated from South American rattlesnake venom, named crotamine, recognizes cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and accumulates in cells. In healthy mice, crotamine accumulates mainly in kidneys after intraperitoneal (ip) injection. Herein we demonstrate for the first time, the overall safety of acute or long-term treatment with daily ip administrated crotamine for kidneys functions. Accumulation of ip injected crotamine in the kidney brush border zone of PTECs, and its presence inside these cells were observed. In addition, significant lower in vitro crotamine binding, uptake and reporter gene transport and expression could be observed in syndecan-1 deficient HK-2 PTECs compared to wild-type cells, indicating that the absence of syndecan-1 impairs crotamine uptake into PTECs. Taken together, our present data show the safety of in vivo long-term treatment with crotamine, and its preferential uptake into PTECs, which are especially rich in HSPGs such as syndecan-1. In addition to the demonstrated in vitro gene delivery mediated by crotamine in HK-2 cells, the potential applicability of crotamine as prototypic non-viral (gene) delivery nanocarrier to modulate PTEC gene and/or protein expression was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Darc Campeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Guilherme Monte
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Porta
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Bego Nering
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cintra Carapeto
- Departamento de Patologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Brandt Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP-FMRP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Wang X, Wilkinson R, Kildey K, Potriquet J, Mulvenna J, Lobb RJ, Möller A, Cloonan N, Mukhopadhyay P, Kassianos AJ, Healy H. Unique molecular profile of exosomes derived from primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells under diseased conditions. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1314073. [PMID: 28473886 PMCID: PMC5405564 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1314073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) of the kidney are known to respond to and mediate the disease process in a wide range of kidney diseases, yet their exosomal production and exosome molecular cargo remain a mystery. Here we investigate, for the first time, the production and molecular content of exosomes derived from primary human PTEC cultured under normal and diseased conditions representing a spectrum of in vivo disease severity from early inflammation, experienced in multiple initial kidney disease states, through to hypoxia, frequently seen in late stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to fibrosis and vascular compromise. We demonstrate a rapid reproducible methodology for the purification of PTEC-derived exosomes, identify increased numbers of exosomes from disease-state cultures and identify differential expression levels of both known and unique miRNA and protein species from exosomes derived from different disease-culture conditions. The validity of our approach is supported by the identification of miRNA, proteins and pathways with known CKD associations, providing a rationale to further evaluate these novel and known pathways as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Law BMP, Wilkinson R, Wang X, Kildey K, Lindner M, Rist MJ, Beagley K, Healy H, Kassianos AJ. Interferon-γ production by tubulointerstitial human CD56 bright natural killer cells contributes to renal fibrosis and chronic kidney disease progression. Kidney Int 2017; 92:79-88. [PMID: 28396119 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphoid cells that play a significant role in mediating innate immune responses. Studies in mice suggest a pathological role for NK cells in models of kidney disease. In this study, we characterized the NK cell subsets present in native kidneys of patients with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the pathological hallmark of chronic kidney disease. Significantly higher numbers of total NK cells (CD3-CD56+) were detected in renal biopsies with tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with diseased biopsies without fibrosis and healthy kidney tissue using multi-color flow cytometry. At a subset level, both the CD56dim NK cell subset and particularly the CD56bright NK cell subset were elevated in fibrotic kidney tissue. However, only CD56bright NK cells significantly correlated with the loss of kidney function. Expression of the tissue-retention and -activation molecule CD69 on CD56bright NK cells was significantly increased in fibrotic biopsy specimens compared with non-fibrotic kidney tissue, indicative of a pathogenic phenotype. Further flow cytometric phenotyping revealed selective co-expression of activating receptor CD335 (NKp46) and differentiation marker CD117 (c-kit) on CD56bright NK cells. Multi-color immunofluorescent staining of fibrotic kidney tissue localized the accumulation of NK cells within the tubulointerstitium, with CD56bright NK cells (NKp46+ CD117+) identified as the source of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ within the NK cell compartment. Thus, activated interferon-γ-producing CD56bright NK cells are positioned to play a key role in the fibrotic process and progression to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becker M P Law
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrina Kildey
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mae Lindner
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa J Rist
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation/School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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26
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Macrophage density in early surveillance biopsies predicts future renal transplant function. Kidney Int 2017; 92:479-489. [PMID: 28359537 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation impairs renal allograft survival but is difficult to quantify by eye at low densities. Here we measured leukocyte abundance in early surveillance biopsies by digital image analysis to test for a role of chemokine receptor genotypes and analyze the predictive value of leukocyte subsets to allograft function. In six-week surveillance biopsies, T-cell (CD3), B-cell (CD20), macrophage (CD68), and dendritic cell (CD209) densities were assessed in whole slide scans. Renal cortical CD3, CD20, and CD68 were significantly higher in histologic rejection. The CCR2 V64I genotype was associated with lower CD3 and CD209 densities. Above-median CD68 density was significantly associated with lower combined patient and graft survival with a hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1-11.0). Both CD20 and CD68 densities inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) four years after transplantation. Additionally, CD68 correlated with eGFR loss. Among histological measurements including a complete Banff classification, only CD68 density was a significant predictor of an eGFR under 30ml/min after four years (odds ratio 7.4, 1.8-31.0) and part of the best eGFR prediction set in a multivariable linear regression analysis of multiple clinical and pathologic parameters. In a second independent cohort, the original CD68 median maintained its discriminative power for survival and eGFR. Thus, digital high-resolution assessment of CD68+ leukocyte infiltration significantly improves prognostic value of early renal transplant biopsies.
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27
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Schnaper HW. The Tubulointerstitial Pathophysiology of Progressive Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2017; 24:107-116. [PMID: 28284376 PMCID: PMC5351778 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the central locus for the progression of CKD is the renal proximal tubule. As injured tubular epithelial cells dedifferentiate in attempted repair, they stimulate inflammation and recruit myofibroblasts. At the same time, tissue loss stimulates remnant nephron hypertrophy. Increased tubular transport workload eventually exceeds the energy-generating capacity of the hypertrophied nephrons, leading to anerobic metabolism, acidosis, hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the induction of additional inflammatory and fibrogenic responses. The result is a vicious cycle of injury, misdirected repair, maladaptive responses, and more nephron loss. Therapy that might be advantageous at one phase of this progression pathway could be deleterious during other phases. Thus, interrupting this downward spiral requires narrowly targeted approaches that promote healing and adequate function without generating further entry into the progression cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H William Schnaper
- Division of Kidney Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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28
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Barroeta Seijas AB, Simonetti S, Vitale S, Runci D, Quinci AC, Soriani A, Criscuoli M, Filippi I, Naldini A, Sacchetti FM, Tarantino U, Oliva F, Piccirilli E, Santoni A, Di Rosa F. GM-CSF Inhibits c-Kit and SCF Expression by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:147. [PMID: 28261209 PMCID: PMC5311071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand of c-kit, is a key cytokine for hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic precursors express c-kit, whereas differentiated cells of hematopoietic lineage are negative for this receptor, with the exception of NK cells, mast cells, and a few others. While it has long been recognized that dendritic cells (DCs) can express c-kit, several questions remain concerning the SCF/c-kit axis in DCs. This is particularly relevant for DCs found in those organs wherein SCF is highly expressed, including the bone marrow (BM). We characterized c-kit expression by conventional DCs (cDCs) from BM and demonstrated a higher proportion of c-kit+ cells among type 1 cDC subsets (cDC1s) than type 2 cDC subsets (cDC2s) in both humans and mice, whereas similar levels of c-kit expression were observed in cDC1s and cDC2s from mouse spleen. To further study c-kit regulation, DCs were generated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from mouse BM, a widely used protocol. CD11c+ cells were purified from pooled non-adherent and slightly adherent cells collected after 7 days of culture, thus obtaining highly purified BM-derived DCs (BMdDCs). BMdDCs contained a small fraction of c-kit+ cells, and by replating them for 2 days with GM-CSF, we obtained a homogeneous population of c-kit+ CD40hi MHCIIhi cells. Not only did BMdDCs express c-kit but they also produced SCF, and both were striking upregulated if GM-CSF was omitted after replating. Furthermore, a small but significant reduction in BMdDC survival was observed upon SCF silencing. Incubation of BMdDCs with SCF did not modulate antigen presentation ability of these cells, nor it did regulate their membrane expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We conclude that the SCF/c-kit-mediated prosurvival circuit may have been overlooked because of the prominent use of GM-CSF in DC cultures in vitro, including those human DC cultures destined for the clinics. We speculate that DCs more prominently rely on SCF in vivo in some microenvironments, with potential implications for graft-versus-host disease and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amairelys Belen Barroeta Seijas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Vitale
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniele Runci
- Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia Criscuoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Irene Filippi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" , Rome , Italy
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29
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Patel VI, Booth JL, Duggan ES, Cate S, White VL, Hutchings D, Kovats S, Burian DM, Dozmorov M, Metcalf JP. Transcriptional Classification and Functional Characterization of Human Airway Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subsets. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:1183-1201. [PMID: 28031342 PMCID: PMC5262539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is a complex network of many cell types, including subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells that work together to maintain steady-state respiration. Owing to limitations in acquiring cells from healthy human lung, these subsets remain poorly characterized transcriptionally and phenotypically. We set out to systematically identify these subsets in human airways by developing a schema of isolating large numbers of cells by whole-lung bronchoalveolar lavage. Six subsets of phagocytic APC (HLA-DR+) were consistently observed. Aside from alveolar macrophages, subsets of Langerin+, BDCA1-CD14+, BDCA1+CD14+, BDCA1+CD14-, and BDCA1-CD14- cells were identified. These subsets varied in their ability to internalize Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus anthracis particles. All subsets were more efficient at internalizing S. aureus and B. anthracis compared with E. coli Alveolar macrophages and CD14+ cells were overall more efficient at particle internalization compared with the four other populations. Subsets were further separated into two groups based on their inherent capacities to upregulate surface CD83, CD86, and CCR7 expression levels. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling revealed a clade of "true dendritic cells" consisting of Langerin+, BDCA1+CD14+, and BDCA1+CD14- cells. The dendritic cell clade was distinct from a macrophage/monocyte clade, as supported by higher mRNA expression levels of several dendritic cell-associated genes, including CD1, FLT3, CX3CR1, and CCR6 Each clade, and each member of both clades, was discerned by specific upregulated genes, which can serve as markers for future studies in healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet I Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - J Leland Booth
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Elizabeth S Duggan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Steven Cate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Vicky L White
- Office of Aviation Medicine, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK 73169
| | | | - Susan Kovats
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Dennis M Burian
- Office of Aviation Medicine, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK 73169
| | - Mikhail Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104;
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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30
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George JF, Lever JM, Agarwal A. Mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations in the mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F640-F646. [PMID: 28100500 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00369.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes are the most common cells in the kidney associated with immunity and inflammation. Although the presence of these cells in the kidney has been known for decades, the study of mononuclear phagocytes in the context of kidney function and dysfunction is still at an early stage. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge regarding classification of these cells in the mouse kidney and to identify relevant questions that would further advance the field and potentially lead to new opportunities for treatment of acute kidney injury and other kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Jeremie M Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; .,Department of Nephrology Research and Training Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
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31
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Gewin L, Zent R, Pozzi A. Progression of chronic kidney disease: too much cellular talk causes damage. Kidney Int 2016; 91:552-560. [PMID: 27773427 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and peritubular capillary rarefaction are major hallmarks of chronic kidney disease. The tubulointerstitium consists of multiple cell components including tubular epithelial, mesenchymal (fibroblasts and pericytes), endothelial, and inflammatory cells. Crosstalk among these cell components is a key component in the pathogenesis of this complex disease. After severe or recurrent injury, the renal tubular epithelial cells undergo changes in structure and cell cycle that are accompanied by altered expression and production of cytokines. These cytokines contribute to the initiation of the fibrotic response by favoring activation of fibroblasts, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and loss of endothelial cells. This review focuses on how augmented growth factor and cytokine production induces epithelial crosstalk with cells in the interstitium to promote progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis after renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Kim BW, Kang SW, Kim YH. Gene Polymorphisms of CD207 (Langerin) Are Associated With End-Stage Renal Disease. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:749-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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You Y, Qin Y, Lin X, Yang F, Li J, Sooranna SR, Pinhu L. Methylprednisolone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced Fractalkine expression in kidney of Lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice through the NF-kappaB pathway. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:148. [PMID: 26310926 PMCID: PMC4551515 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractalkine (FKN) is involved in the occurrence and development of human lupus nephritis. It is known to be upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a stimulus in vivo. MRL/lpr mice have been used as an in vivo model to study lupus nephritis. Methylprednisolone (MP) is used widely in the clinical treatment of progressive glomerular diseases such as lupus nephritis. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of LPS induced FKN expression and to determine whether other molecular mechanisms contribute to the signaling pathway of MP action in MRL/lpr mice. METHODS Forty-eight female MRL/lpr mice at 12 weeks of age were randomly distributed into six groups. Each group received various treatments for 8 weeks by receiving twice weekly intraperitoneal injections of (1) MP (MP-treated mice), of (2) SC-514 (SC-514-induced mice), of (3) normal saline and a single injection of LPS (LPS-induced mice), of (4) MP and a single injection of LPS (LPS + MP mice), of (5) SC-514 and a single injection of LPS (LPS + SC mice) and of (6) normal saline (control mice). One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significantly. RESULTS The expression of FKN and NF-kappaB p65 mRNA was detected by qPCR. The expression of FKN protein and the activation of NF-kappaB p65 were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blots respectively. The expression of FKN in the kidney of LPS induced mice was significantly increased and this was mediated by increased expression of NF-κB p65 and an increase in NF-kappaB phospho-p65. MP reduced proteinuria and ameliorated the renal damage in MRL/lpr mice. MP as well as the NF-kappaB inhibitor, SC-514, inhibited the LPS-induced increase of expression of FKN and the activation of NF-kappaB. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that MP attenuates LPS-induced FKN expression in kidney of MRL/lpr mice through the NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yueqiu Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Fafen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - Liao Pinhu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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The Mechanisms of Human Renal Epithelial Cell Modulation of Autologous Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134688. [PMID: 26230727 PMCID: PMC4521940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) of the kidney line the proximal tubule downstream of the glomerulus and play a major role in the re-absorption of small molecular weight proteins that may pass through the glomerular filtration process. In the perturbed disease state PTEC also contribute to the inflammatory disease process via both positive and negative mechanisms via the production of inflammatory cytokines which chemo-attract leukocytes and the subsequent down-modulation of these cells to prevent uncontrolled inflammatory responses. It is well established that dendritic cells are responsible for the initiation and direction of adaptive immune responses. Both resident and infiltrating dendritic cells are localised within the tubulointerstitium of the renal cortex, in close apposition to PTEC, in inflammatory disease states. We previously demonstrated that inflammatory PTEC are able to modulate autologous human dendritic cell phenotype and functional responses. Here we extend these findings to characterise the mechanisms of this PTEC immune-modulation using primary human PTEC and autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) as the model system. We demonstrate that PTEC express three inhibitory molecules: (i) cell surface PD-L1 that induces MoDC expression of PD-L1; (ii) intracellular IDO that maintains the expression of MoDC CD14, drives the expression of CD80, PD-L1 and IL-10 by MoDC and inhibits T cell stimulatory capacity; and (iii) soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) that inhibits HLA-DR and induces IL-10 expression by MoDC. Collectively the results demonstrate that primary human PTEC are able to modulate autologous DC phenotype and function via multiple complex pathways. Further dissection of these pathways is essential to target therapeutic strategies in the treatment of inflammatory kidney disorders.
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