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Li J, Huang Z, Wang P, Li R, Gao L, Lai KP. Therapeutic targets of formononetin for treating prostate cancer at the single-cell level. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10380-10401. [PMID: 38874510 PMCID: PMC11236323 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the serious health problems of older male, about 13% of male was affected by prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is highly heterogeneity disease with complex molecular and genetic alterations. So, targeting the gene candidates in prostate cancer in single-cell level can be a promising approach for treating prostate cancer. In the present study, we analyzed the single cell sequencing data obtained from 2 previous reports to determine the differential gene expression of prostate cancer in single-cell level. By using the network pharmacology analysis, we identified the therapeutic targets of formononetin in immune cells and tissue cells of prostate cancer. We then applied molecular docking to determine the possible direct binding of formononetin to its target proteins. Our result identified a cluster of differential gene expression in prostate cancer which can serve as novel biomarkers such as immunoglobulin kappa C for prostate cancer prognosis. The result of network pharmacology delineated the roles of formononetin's targets such CD74 and THBS1 in immune cells' function of prostate cancer. Also, formononetin targeted insulin receptor and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein which play important roles in metabolisms of tissue cells of prostate cancer. The result of molecular docking suggested the direct binding of formononetin to its target proteins including INSR, TNF, and CXCR4. Finally, we validated our findings by using formononetin-treated human prostate cancer cell DU145. For the first time, our result suggested the use of formononetin for treating prostate cancer through targeting different cell types in a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | | | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Mathavarajah S, Flores A, Huber RJ. Dictyostelium discoideum
: A Model System for Cell and Developmental Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cpet.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Flores
- Department of Biology, Trent University Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Robert J. Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University Peterborough Ontario Canada
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Huber RJ, O'Day DH. Extracellular matrix dynamics and functions in the social amoeba Dictyostelium: A critical review. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:2971-2980. [PMID: 27693486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic complex of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, carbohydrates, and collagen that serves as an interface between mammalian cells and their extracellular environment. Essential for normal cellular homeostasis, physiology, and events that occur during development, it is also a key functionary in a number of human diseases including cancer. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum secretes an ECM during multicellular development that regulates multicellularity, cell motility, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis, and provides structural support and protective layers to the resulting differentiated cell types. Proteolytic processing within the Dictyostelium ECM leads to specific bioactive factors that regulate cell motility and differentiation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review the structure and functions of the Dictyostelium ECM and its role in regulating multicellular development. The questions and challenges that remain and how they can be answered are also discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The Dictyostelium ECM shares many of the features of mammalian and plant ECM, and thus presents an excellent system for studying the structure and function of the ECM. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As a genetically tractable model organism, Dictyostelium offers the potential to further elucidate ECM functions, and to possibly reveal previously unknown roles for the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Danton H O'Day
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Shearer JJ, Wold EA, Umbaugh CS, Lichti CF, Nilsson CL, Figueiredo ML. Inorganic Arsenic-Related Changes in the Stromal Tumor Microenvironment in a Prostate Cancer Cell-Conditioned Media Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1009-15. [PMID: 26588813 PMCID: PMC4937864 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer by mediating stromal-epithelial paracrine signaling, which can aberrantly modulate cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. Exposure to environmental toxicants, such as inorganic arsenic (iAs), has also been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE The role of iAs exposure in stromal signaling in the tumor microenvironment has been largely unexplored. Our objective was to elucidate molecular mechanisms of iAs-induced changes to stromal signaling by an enriched prostate tumor microenvironment cell population, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs). RESULTS ASC-conditioned media (CM) collected after 1 week of iAs exposure increased prostate cancer cell viability, whereas CM from ASCs that received no iAs exposure decreased cell viability. Cytokine array analysis suggested changes to cytokine signaling associated with iAs exposure. Subsequent proteomic analysis suggested a concentration-dependent alteration to the HMOX1/THBS1/TGFβ signaling pathway by iAs. These results were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, confirming a concentration-dependent increase in HMOX1 and a decrease in THBS1 expression in ASC following iAs exposure. Subsequently, we used a TGFβ pathway reporter construct to confirm a decrease in stromal TGFβ signaling in ASC following iAs exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a concentration-dependent alteration of stromal signaling: specifically, attenuation of stromal-mediated TGFβ signaling following exposure to iAs. Our results indicate iAs may enhance prostate cancer cell viability through a previously unreported stromal-based mechanism. These findings indicate that the stroma may mediate the effects of iAs in tumor progression, which may have future therapeutic implications. CITATION Shearer JJ, Wold EA, Umbaugh CS, Lichti CF, Nilsson CL, Figueiredo ML. 2016. Inorganic arsenic-related changes in the stromal tumor microenvironment in a prostate cancer cell-conditioned media model. Environ Health Perspect 124:1009-1015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Shearer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles S. Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheryl F. Lichti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Carol L. Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Marxa L. Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Wang B, Guo W, Huang Y. Thrombospondins and synaptogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1737-43. [PMID: 25624796 PMCID: PMC4302456 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.22.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review research on the mechanisms underlying the ability of thrombospondin to promote synaptogenesis and examine its role in central nervous system diseases and drug actions. Thrombospondin secreted by glial cells plays a critical role in synaptogenesis and maintains synapse stability. Thrombospondin regulates synaptogenesis through receptor α2δ-1 and neuroligin 1, and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. It also participates in synaptic remodeling following injury and in the action of some nervous system drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weitao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong Province, China
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Miyata Y, Mitsunari K, Asai A, Takehara K, Mochizuki Y, Sakai H. Pathological significance and prognostic role of microvessel density, evaluated using CD31, CD34, and CD105 in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy with neoadjuvant therapy. Prostate 2015; 75:84-91. [PMID: 25307287 PMCID: PMC4282783 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) is performed to improve the outcome in organ-confined prostate cancer. However, there is little information regarding the relationship between angiogenesis and NHT. The aim of this study was to identify a suitable method to evaluate the angiogenic status of tissue, and to determine the prognostic value of this method for biochemical recurrence in patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy after NHT. METHODS We analyzed 108 formalin-fixed specimens from patients treated by radical prostatectomy. NHT was administered in 48 patients (52.9%) and 60 patients who had a similar Gleason score and pT stage were selected as a non-NHT treated control group. Microvessel density (MVD) was measured using anti-CD31, anti-CD34, and anti-CD105 antibodies. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and thrombospondin (TSP)-1 were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of CD31-, CD34-, and CD105-MVD for biochemical recurrence was investigated. RESULTS The mean/SD of CD105-MVD in the NHT group (13.3/4.7) was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that in the non-NHT group (125.8/7.3). In the NHT group, CD105-MVD was associated with pT stage and it was positively correlated with VEGF-A expression (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with TSP-1 expression (r = 0.42, P = 0.003). CD105-MVD was identified as a significant predictor of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients treated with NHT (log rank test, P < 0.001). Although CD31- and CD34-MVD were significantly associated with pT stage or Gleason score in non-NHT group, they were not associated with pathological features and BCR in NHT group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CD105-MVD reflects the angiogenic conditions in prostate cancer tissues treated with NHT. CD105-MVD was also identified as a significant and independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with NHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan
- Correspondence to: Yasuyoshi Miyata, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan., E-mail:
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takehara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Mochizuki
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki, Japan
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Chatterjee A, Villarreal G, Rhee DJ. Matricellular proteins in the trabecular meshwork: review and update. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:447-63. [PMID: 24901502 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important modifiable risk factor. IOP is a function of aqueous humor production and aqueous humor outflow, and it is thought that prolonged IOP elevation leads to optic nerve damage over time. Within the trabecular meshwork (TM), the eye's primary drainage system for aqueous humor, matricellular proteins generally allow cells to modulate their attachments with and alter the characteristics of their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now well established that ECM turnover in the TM affects outflow facility, and matricellular proteins are emerging as significant players in IOP regulation. The formalized study of matricellular proteins in TM has gained increased attention. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), myocilin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and thrombospondin-1 and -2 (TSP-1 and -2) have been localized to the TM, and a growing body of evidence suggests that these matricellular proteins play an important role in IOP regulation and possibly the pathophysiology of POAG. As evidence continues to emerge, these proteins are now seen as potential therapeutic targets. Further study is warranted to assess their utility in treating glaucoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
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Hamakawa T, Sasaki S, Shibata Y, Imura M, Kubota Y, Kojima Y, Kohri K. Interleukin-18 may lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia via thrombospondin-1 production in prostatic smooth muscle cells. Prostate 2014; 74:590-601. [PMID: 24615654 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inflammation plays an important role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), little is known about the exact mechanism underlying this pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the relationship between the inflammatory reaction and BPH. METHODS cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify changes in inflammation-related gene expression in a recently established rat model that mimics human BPH. To investigate the genes identified in the analysis, quantitative (q)RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunostaining, and a cell proliferation assay were conducted using BPH model tissues, human prostate tissues, and normal human prostate cultured cells. RESULTS Of the 31,100 genes identified in the cDNA analysis, seven inflammatory-response-related genes were expressed at a >2-fold higher level in rat BPH tissues than in normal rat prostate tissues. The levels of the most commonly expressed pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-18, significantly increased in rat BPH tissues. In humans, IL-18 was localized in the epithelial and stromal components, while its receptor was strongly localized in smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, in human prostate smooth muscle cell line (PrSMC), IL-18 effected dose-dependent increases in the phosphorylated Akt and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) levels. TSP-1 promoted proliferation of the human prostate stromal cells (PrSC). CONCLUSIONS IL-18 may act directly in BPH pathogenesis by inducing TSP-1 production in prostatic smooth muscle cells via Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamakawa
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhang J, Yang W, Zhao D, Han Y, Liu B, Zhao H, Wang H, Zhang Q, Xu G. Correlation between TSP-1, TGF-β and PPAR-γ expression levels and glioma microvascular density. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:95-100. [PMID: 24348828 PMCID: PMC3861559 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of primary tumor in the central nervous system and are characterized by abundant capillary angiogenesis. It is important to study the underlying molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis in order to aid the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression levels of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in gliomas, and determine their relationships with angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect TSP-1, TGF-β and PPAR-γ expression levels and to assess microvascular density (MVD) in 99 glioma tissue samples of various grades. The total positive expression rates of TSP-1 and PPAR-γ were 78.4 and 94.1% in low-grade gliomas and 45.8 and 39.6% in high-grade gliomas. These values suggest that their expression negatively correlated with tumor grade. However, TGF-β expression positively correlated with tumor grade; the total positive expression rate of TGF-β in high-grade gliomas (93.8%) was significantly increased compared with that in low-grade gliomas (43.1%). The MVD in the low-grade group was 28±7.2 vessels/field, which was significantly lower than in the high-grade group (45±6.2 vessels/field). TSP-1 and PPAR-γ expression levels were negatively correlated with MVD (P<0.05), while the TGF-β expression level was positively correlated with MVD (P<0.05). These results indicate that the TSP-1, TGF-β and PPAR-γ expression levels in gliomas are correlated with MVD, which suggests that these proteins may be involved in the regulation of glioma angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Duanyun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Quanzhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Ayala G, Morello M, Frolov A, You S, Li R, Rosati F, Bartolucci G, Danza G, Adam RM, Thompson TC, Lisanti MP, Freeman MR, Vizio DD. Loss of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer stroma correlates with reduced relapse-free survival and is functionally relevant to tumour progression. J Pathol 2013; 231:77-87. [PMID: 23729330 DOI: 10.1002/path.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Levels of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tumour epithelial cells increase during prostate cancer progression. Conversely, Cav-1 expression in the stroma can decline in advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. In a large cohort of 724 prostate cancers, we observed significantly decreased levels of stromal Cav-1 in concordance with increased Gleason score (p = 0.012). Importantly, reduced expression of Cav-1 in the stroma correlated with reduced relapse-free survival (p = 0.009), suggesting a role for stromal Cav-1 in inhibiting advanced disease. Silencing of Cav-1 by shRNA in WPMY-1 prostate fibroblasts resulted in up-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, and significantly altered expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, including a > 2.5-fold increase in TGF-β1 and γ-synuclein (SNCG) gene expression. Moreover, silencing of Cav-1 induced migration of prostate cancer cells when stromal cells were used as attractants. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt caused down-regulation of TGF-β1 and SNCG, suggesting that loss of Cav-1 in the stroma can influence Akt-mediated signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Cav-1-depleted stromal cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular cholesterol, a precursor for androgen biosynthesis, steroidogenic enzymes, and testosterone. These findings suggest that loss of Cav-1 in the tumour microenvironment contributes to the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells by a mechanism that involves up-regulation of TGF-β1 and SNCG through Akt activation. They also suggest that intracrine production of androgens, a process relevant to castration resistance, may occur in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ayala
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Morello
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Frolov
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rile Li
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiana Rosati
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Danza
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Breast Oncology and Institute of Cancer Sciences, Paterson Institute of Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Cancer Biology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Thrombospondin-1 in urological cancer: pathological role, clinical significance, and therapeutic prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12249-72. [PMID: 23749112 PMCID: PMC3709784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important process for tumor growth and progression of various solid tumors including urological cancers. Thrombospondins (TSPs), especially TSP-1, are representative “anti”-angiogenic molecules and many studies have clarified their pathological role and clinical significance in vivo and in vitro. In fact, TSP-1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in many types of cancers. However, TSP-1 is a multi-functional protein and its biological activities vary according to the specific tumor environments. Consequently, there is no general agreement on its cancer-related function in urological cancers, and detailed information regarding regulative mechanisms is essential for a better understanding of its therapeutic effects and prognostic values. Various “suppressor genes” and “oncogenes” are known to be regulators and TSP-1-related factors under physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, various types of fragments derived from TSP-1 exist in a given tissue microenvironment and TSP-1 derived-peptides have specific activities. However, a detailed pathological function in human cancer tissues is not still understood. This review will focus on the pathological roles and clinical significance of TSP-1 in urological cancers, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, special attention is paid to TSP-1-derived peptide and TSP-1-based therapy for malignancies.
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Kahokehr A, Vather R, Nixon A, Hill AG. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int 2013; 111:304-11. [PMID: 23356748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. SUBJECTS Men treated with NSAIDs in comparison with placebo or other BPH medications. METHODS All aspects of the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement were followed. Trials were eligible for inclusion provided they (i) randomized men with BPH to receive NSAIDs in comparison with placebo or other BPH medications, and (ii) included clinical outcomes such as urological symptom scales, symptoms or urodynamic measurements. Data analysis was performed using REVIEW MANAGER Version 5.0 software. Study weight was calculated by the inverse variances of the study effect estimates. RESULTS In all, 183 men from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials (lasting 4-24 weeks) were assessed. NSAIDs improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures. The weighted mean difference for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was -2.89 IPSS points (95% CI -3.84 to -1.95, P < 0.001, n = 3 studies). The weighted mean difference for peak urine flow was 0.89 mL/s (95% CI 0.21-1.58, P = 0.01, n = 3 studies) and for reported adverse effects was 1.51 (95% CI 0.66-3.43, P = 0.32, n = 3 studies,). All patients assigned to NSAIDs continued the treatment. There were no serious adverse effects and there were no withdrawals or losses to follow-up. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that NSAIDs improve urinary symptoms and flow measures. Their long-term effectiveness, safety and ability to prevent BPH complications are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Kahokehr
- Department of Urology, Northland District Health Board, Whangarei Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand.
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Matos AR, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Thuler LCS, Fonseca FP, Soares FA, Silva EA, Gimba ER. Expression analysis of thrombospondin 2 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:438-44. [PMID: 23470460 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) is a protein with important roles in different tumor types, mainly related to tumor inhibition. However, there are limiting data regarding TSP2 in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We aimed to investigate TSP2 transcript and protein expression in tumoral and non-tumoral prostate tissues and cell lines, and its implications for PCa diagnosis and progression. TSP2 transcript expression was evaluated by real time PCR in PCa and BPH tissue samples and in tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. TSP2 protein expression analysis was conducted by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing PCa and BPH tissue samples. TSP2 transcript was down-regulated in PCa tissue samples and cell lines, when compared to BPH and non-tumoral samples (P<0.01). Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that TSP2 transcript levels can better distinguish PCa from BPH tissue samples (P<0.01) than serum PSA levels (P=0.299). TSP2 protein expression has been observed in the cytoplasm of both PCa and BPH epithelial and stromal compartments. TSP2 stromal staining scores were significantly lower in PCa than in BPH tissues (P<0.01), while similar TSP2 epithelial staining patterns were observed in both diseases. Notably, the TSP2 epithelial staining score was significantly correlated to vascular invasion and biochemical recurrence in PCa tissue samples (P<0.05). Our data indicate that TSP2 is down-regulated at PCa tissues and cell lines, especially at stroma compartment, which could be related to PCa progression. TSP2 levels could potentially be applied for differential PCa and BPH diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Matos
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular/Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, CPQ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Gunda V, Sudhakar YA. Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis and Choroidal Neovascularization by Endogenous Angioinhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:417-426. [PMID: 25258675 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of neovascularization from parent blood vessels, which is a prerequisite for many physiological and pathological conditions and is regulated by a balance between endogenous angioinhibitors and angioactivators or angiogenic factors. Imbalance between angioinhibitors and angioactivators is associated with neovascularization capacity during progression of tumor development and Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV). Normalization of pathological angiogenesis is considered as an alternative strategy to prevent the tumor growth in cancer progression or retinal damage in CNV. Various angioinhibitors are being identified and evaluated for their pathological angiogenesis regulation, of which endogenous angioinhibitors are one class derived either from extra cellular matrix or from non-extra cellular matrix of human origin. Endogenous angioinhibitors are gaining much significance as they interact with proliferating endothelial cells by binding to distinct integrins and non-integrin receptors, regulating different intracellular signaling mechanisms leading to inhibition of choroidal neovascularization and tumor growth. This review will focus on endogenous angioinhibitors and their receptor(s) mediated angioinhibitory signaling, which are of major concern in angiogenesis and their clinical and pharmaceutical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Gunda
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yakkanti A Sudhakar
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Stanford Research Institute (SRI) International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Huber RJ, O'Day DH. A matricellular protein and EGF-like repeat signalling in the social amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3989-97. [PMID: 22782112 PMCID: PMC11115030 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and modulate cellular processes by binding to cell surface receptors and initiating intracellular signal transduction. Their association with the ECM and the ability of some members of this protein family to regulate cell motility have opened up new avenues of research to investigate their functions in normal and diseased cells. In this review, we summarize the research on CyrA, an ECM calmodulin-binding protein in Dictyostelium. CyrA is proteolytically cleaved into smaller EGF-like (EGFL) repeat containing cleavage products during development. The first EGFL repeat of CyrA binds to the cell surface and activates a novel signalling pathway that modulates cell motility in this model organism. The similarity of CyrA to the most well-characterized matricellular proteins in mammals allows it to be designated as the first matricellular protein identified in Dictyostelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada,
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Khandelwal P, Liu S, Sullivan DA. Androgen regulation of gene expression in human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells. Mol Vis 2012; 18:1055-67. [PMID: 22605918 PMCID: PMC3351406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgens exert a significant influence on the structure, function and/or pathophysiology of the meibomian gland and conjunctiva. We sought to determine whether this hormone action involves the regulation of epithelial cell gene expression in these tissues. METHODS Immortalized human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells were treated with placebo or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and processed for molecular biologic procedures. Gene expression was evaluated with BeadChips and data were analyzed with bioinformatic and statistical software. RESULTS Androgen treatment significantly influenced the expression of approximately 3,000 genes in immortalized human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells. The nature of DHT action on gene activity was predominantly cell-specific. Similarly, DHT exerted a significant, but primarily cell-specific, influence on many gene ontologies and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. These included groups of genes related, for example, to lipid dynamics, innate immunity, cell cycle, Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) cascades, oxidative phosphorylation, the proteasome, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support our hypothesis that androgens regulate gene expression in human meibomian gland and conjunctival epithelial cells. Our ongoing studies are designed to determine whether many of these genes are translated and play a role in the health and well being of the eye.
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Lin XD, Chen SQ, Qi YL, Zhu JW, Tang Y, Lin JY. Overexpression of thrombospondin-1 in stromal myofibroblasts is associated with tumor growth and nodal metastasis in gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2012; 106:94-100. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Firlej V, Mathieu JRR, Gilbert C, Lemonnier L, Nakhlé J, Gallou-Kabani C, Guarmit B, Morin A, Prevarskaya N, Delongchamps NB, Cabon F. Thrombospondin-1 triggers cell migration and development of advanced prostate tumors. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7649-58. [PMID: 22037878 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor effects of pharmacologic inhibitors of angiogenesis are hampered in patients by the rapid development of tumor resistance, notably through increased invasiveness and accelerated metastasis. Here, we reevaluated the role of the endogenous antiangiogenic thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) in prostate carcinomas in which angiogenesis is an active process. In xenografted tumors, we observed that TSP1 altogether inhibited angiogenesis and fostered tumor development. Our results show that TSP1 is a potent stimulator of prostate tumor cell migration. This effect required CD36, which also mediates TSP1 antiangiogenic activity, and was mimicked by an antiangiogenic TSP1-derived peptide. As suspected for pharmacologic inhibitors of angiogenesis, the TSP1 capacities to increase hypoxia and to trigger cell migration are thus inherently linked. Importantly, although antiangiogenic TSP1 increases hypoxia in vivo, our data show that, in turn, hypoxia induced TSP1, thus generating a vicious circle in prostate tumors. In radical prostatectomy specimens, we found TSP1 expression significantly associated with invasive tumors and with tumors which eventually recurred. TSP1 may thus help select patients at risk of prostate-specific antigen relapse. Together, the data suggest that intratumor disruption of the hypoxic cycle through TSP1 silencing will limit tumor invasion.
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