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Ju Y, Fang S, Liu L, Ma H, Zheng L. The function of the ELF3 gene and its mechanism in cancers. Life Sci 2024; 346:122637. [PMID: 38614305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
E74-like factor 3 (ELF3) is an important member of the E-twenty-six (ETS) transcription factor family. ELF3 is expressed in various types of cells and regulates a variety of biological behaviors, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, by binding to DNA to regulate the expression of other genes. In recent years, studies have shown that ELF3 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many tumors and inflammation and immune related diseases. ELF3 has different functions and expression patterns in different tumors; it can function as a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene, highlighting its dual effects of tumor promotion and inhibition. ELF3 also affects the levels of tumor immunity-related cytokines and is involved in the regulation and expression of multiple signaling pathways. In tumor therapy, ELF3 is a complex and multifunctional gene and has become a key focus of targeted treatment research. An in-depth study of the biological function of ELF3 can help to elucidate its role in biological processes and provide ideas and a basis for the development and clinical application of ELF3-related therapeutic methods. This review introduces the structure and physiological and cellular functions of the ELF3 gene, summarizes the mechanisms of action of ELF3 in different types of malignant tumors and its role in immune regulation, inflammation, etc., and discusses treatment methods for ELF3-related diseases, providing significant reference value for scholars studying the ELF3 gene and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Yantai Penglai People's Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Longbo Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Pan L, Parini P, Tremmel R, Loscalzo J, Lauschke VM, Maron BA, Paci P, Ernberg I, Tan NS, Liao Z, Yin W, Rengarajan S, Li X. Single Cell Atlas: a single-cell multi-omics human cell encyclopedia. Genome Biol 2024; 25:104. [PMID: 38641842 PMCID: PMC11027364 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing datasets are key in biology and medicine for unraveling insights into heterogeneous cell populations with unprecedented resolution. Here, we construct a single-cell multi-omics map of human tissues through in-depth characterizations of datasets from five single-cell omics, spatial transcriptomics, and two bulk omics across 125 healthy adult and fetal tissues. We construct its complement web-based platform, the Single Cell Atlas (SCA, www.singlecellatlas.org ), to enable vast interactive data exploration of deep multi-omics signatures across human fetal and adult tissues. The atlas resources and database queries aspire to serve as a one-stop, comprehensive, and time-effective resource for various omics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine, and, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Medicine Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Tremmel
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zehuan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Weiyao Yin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sundararaman Rengarajan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
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McCluskey ES, Liu N, Pandey A, Marchetti N, Kelsen SG, Sajjan US. Quercetin improves epithelial regeneration from airway basal cells of COPD patients. Respir Res 2024; 25:120. [PMID: 38468259 PMCID: PMC10926630 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway basal cells (BC) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regenerate abnormal airway epithelium and this was associated with reduced expression of several genes involved in epithelial repair. Quercetin reduces airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in COPD models, therefore we examined whether quercetin promotes normal epithelial regeneration from COPD BC by altering gene expression. METHODS COPD BC treated with DMSO or 1 µM quercetin for three days were cultured at air/liquid interface (ALI) for up to 4 weeks. BC from healthy donors cultured at ALI were used as controls. Polarization of cells was determined at 8 days of ALI. The cell types and IL-8 expression in differentiated cell cultures were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA respectively. Microarray analysis was conducted on DMSO or 1 µM quercetin-treated COPD BC for 3 days to identify differentially regulated genes (DEG). Bronchial brushings obtained from COPD patients with similar age and disease status treated with either placebo (4 subjects) or 2000 mg/day quercetin (7 subjects) for 6 months were used to confirm the effects of quercetin on gene expression. RESULTS Compared to placebo-, quercetin-treated COPD BC showed significantly increased transepithelial resistance, more ciliated cells, fewer goblet cells, and lower IL-8. Quercetin upregulated genes associated with tissue and epithelial development and differentiation in COPD BC. COPD patients treated with quercetin, but not placebo showed increased expression of two developmental genes HOXB2 and ELF3, which were also increased in quercetin-treated COPD BC with FDR < 0.001. Active smokers showed increased mRNA expression of TGF-β (0.067) and IL-8 (22.0), which was reduced by 3.6 and 4.14 fold respectively after quercetin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that quercetin may improve airway epithelial regeneration by increasing the expression of genes involved in epithelial development/differentiation in COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 6-18-2019. The study number is NCT03989271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S McCluskey
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nathan Liu
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Abhimaneu Pandey
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Steven G Kelsen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Umadevi S Sajjan
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis-Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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McCluskey ES, Liu N, Pandey A, Marchetti N, Sajjan U. Quercetin improves epithelial regeneration from airway basal cells of COPD patients. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185241. [PMID: 37546740 PMCID: PMC10402257 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185241/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway basal cells from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) regenerate abnormal airway epithelium and this was associated with reduced expression of several genes involved in epithelial repair. Quercetin reduces goblet cell metaplasia and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in COPD models. This study assessed whether quercetin improves epithelial regeneration from COPD airway basal cells. Methods COPD airway basal cells were treated with DMSO or 1 μM quercetin for three days. The cells were then cultured at air/liquid interface (ALI) for up to 4 weeks. Basal cells from healthy donors cultured at air/liquid interface were used as controls. Polarization of cells was determined at 8 days of ALI. The cell types and IL-8 expression in differentiated cell cultures were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA. Microarray analysis was conducted on DMSO or quercetin-treated COPD basal cells to identify differentially regulated genes (DEG) and the enriched biological pathways. Bronchial brushings from COPD patients treated with either placebo or quercetin for 6 months were used to confirm the effects of quercetin on gene expression. Results Compared to DMSO, quercetin-treated COPD basal cells showed an increase in TER and regenerated the airway epithelium with more ciliated cells, and less goblet cells and IL-8. Comparison of DMSO- and quercetin-treated COPD basal cell transcriptomic profiles indicated that quercetin upregulated genes associated with tissue and epithelial development and differentiation. COPD patients treated with quercetin, but not placebo showed significantly increased expression of two developmental genes HOXB2 and ELF3, which were also increased in quercetin-treated COPD basal cells. Bronchial brushings from active smokers showed significantly increased mRNA expression of TGF-β and IL-8, and it was reduced after quercetin treatment. Conclusions These results indicate that quercetin may improve airway epithelial regeneration by increasing the expression of genes involved in epithelial development/differentiation in COPD. Trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 6-18-2019. The study number is NCT03989271.
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Kulkarni VV, Wang Y, Pantaleon Garcia J, Evans SE. Redox-Dependent Activation of Lung Epithelial STAT3 Is Required for Inducible Protection against Bacterial Pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:679-688. [PMID: 36826841 PMCID: PMC10257071 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0342oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is dynamic, capable of considerable structural and functional plasticity in response to pathogen challenges. Our laboratory has demonstrated that an inhaled combination of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 agonist and a TLR9 agonist (Pam2ODN) results in robust protection against otherwise lethal pneumonias. We have previously shown that intact epithelial TLR signaling and generation of multisource epithelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for inducible protection. Further investigating the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon of inducible resistance, reverse-phase protein array analysis demonstrated robust STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) phosphorylation following treatment of lung epithelial cells. We show here that Pam2ODN-induced STAT3 phosphorylation is IL-6-independent. We further found that therapeutic epithelial STAT3 activation is required for inducible protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Additional studies showed that inhibiting epithelial dual oxidases or scavenging ROS significantly reduced the Pam2ODN induction of STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting a proximal role for ROS in inducible STAT3 activation. Dissecting these mechanisms, we analyzed the contributions of redox-sensitive kinases and found that Pam2ODN activated epithelial growth factor receptor in an ROS-dependent manner that is required for therapeutically inducible STAT3 activation. Taken together, we demonstrate that epithelial STAT3 is imperative for Pam2ODN's function and describe a novel redox-based mechanism for its activation. These key mechanistic insights may facilitate strategies to leverage inducible epithelial resistance to protect susceptible patients during periods of peak vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V. Kulkarni
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas; and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Scott E. Evans
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas; and
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Xu HJ, Bai J, Tian Y, Feng X, Chen AP, Wang J, Wu J, Jin XR, Zhang F, Quan MY, Chen C, Lee KY, Zhang JS. ESE1/AGR2 axis antagonizes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in low-grade pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5979-5993. [PMID: 36329620 PMCID: PMC10028153 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelium-specific ETS transcription factor 1 (ESE1) has been implicated in epithelial homeostasis, inflammation, as well as tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. However, numerous studies have reported contradictory roles-as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor of ESE1 in different cancers, and its function in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained largely unexplored. Herein, we report that ESE1 was found upregulated in primary PDAC compared to normal pancreatic tissue, but high expression of ESE1 correlated to better relapse-free survival in patients with PDAC. Interestingly, ESE1 was found to exhibit dual roles in regulation of malignant properties of PDAC cells in that its overexpression promoted cell proliferation, whereas its downregulation enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In the context of TGF-β-induced EMT, ESE1 is markedly downregulated at post-transcriptional level, and reconstituted ESE1 expression partially reversed TGF-β-induced EMT marker expression. Furthermore, we identify AGR2 as a novel transcriptional target of ESE1 that participates in TGF-β-induced EMT in PDAC. Collectively, our findings reveal an ESE1/AGR2 axis that interacts with TGF-β signaling to modulate EMT phenotype in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jing Xu
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Bai
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai-Ping Chen
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Wu
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Ru Jin
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Yu Quan
- Medical Research Center, and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kwang-Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
- Medical Research Center, and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Klocke J, Kim SJ, Skopnik CM, Hinze C, Boltengagen A, Metzke D, Grothgar E, Prskalo L, Wagner L, Freund P, Görlich N, Muench F, Schmidt-Ott KM, Mashreghi MF, Kocks C, Eckardt KU, Rajewsky N, Enghard P. Urinary single-cell sequencing captures kidney injury and repair processes in human acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1359-1370. [PMID: 36049643 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health issue, the outcome of which depends primarily on damage and reparative processes of tubular epithelial cells. Mechanisms underlying AKI remain incompletely understood, specific therapies are lacking and monitoring the course of AKI in clinical routine is confined to measuring urine output and plasma levels of filtration markers. Here we demonstrate feasibility and potential of a novel approach to assess the cellular and molecular dynamics of AKI by establishing a robust urine-to-single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) pipeline for excreted kidney cells via flow cytometry sorting. We analyzed 42,608 single cell transcriptomes of 40 urine samples from 32 patients with AKI and compared our data with reference material from human AKI post-mortem biopsies and published mouse data. We demonstrate that tubular epithelial cells transcriptomes mirror kidney pathology and reflect distinct injury and repair processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue rearrangement. We also describe an AKI-specific abundant urinary excretion of adaptive progenitor-like cells. Thus, single cell transcriptomics of kidney cells excreted in urine provides noninvasive, unprecedented insight into cellular processes underlying AKI, thereby opening novel opportunities for target identification, AKI sub-categorization, and monitoring of natural disease course and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klocke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M Skopnik
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Metzke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emil Grothgar
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luka Prskalo
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Wagner
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Freund
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Görlich
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Muench
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
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Elf3 deficiency during zebrafish development alters extracellular matrix organization and disrupts tissue morphogenesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276255. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E26 transformation specific (ETS) family transcription factors are expressed during embryogenesis and are involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and survival of cellular lineages to ensure appropriate development. Dysregulated expression of many of the ETS family members is detected in different cancers. The human ELF3, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, plays a role in the induction and progression of human cancers is well studied. However, little is known about the role of ELF3 in early development. Here, the zebrafish elf3 was cloned, and its expression was analyzed during zebrafish development. Zebrafish elf3 is maternally deposited. At different developmental stages, elf3 expression was detected in different tissue, mainly neural tissues, endoderm-derived tissues, cartilage, heart, pronephric duct, blood vessels, and notochord. The expression levels were high at the tissue boundaries. Elf3 loss-of-function consequences were examined by using translation blocking antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, and effects were validated using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown. Elf3-knockdown produced short and bent larvae with notochord, craniofacial cartilage, and fin defects. The extracellular matrix (ECM) in the fin and notochord was disorganized. Neural defects were also observed. Optic nerve fasciculation (bundling) and arborization in the optic tectum were defective in Elf3-morphants, and fragmentation of spinal motor neurons were evident. Dysregulation of genes encoding ECM proteins and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and disorganization of ECM may play a role in the observed defects in Elf3 morphants. We conclude that zebrafish Elf3 is required for epidermal, mesenchymal, and neural tissue development.
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9
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Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou R, Li W, Zhang G. Overexpression of E74-like transformation-specific transcription factor 3 promotes cellular proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:710. [PMID: 34457065 PMCID: PMC8358619 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
E74-like E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor 3 (ELF3), is a member of the ETS transcription factor family, and has been characterized as an epithelial cell-specific transcription factor. The role of ELF3 in tumor progression remains to be elucidated. Previous studies have indicated that loss of ELF3 mRNA and protein expression was associated with poor outcomes in ovarian cancer (OC). By contrast, the present study demonstrated that ELF3 was upregulated in OC, using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and elevated expression levels of ELF3 were associated with a poor prognosis. ELF3 promoted OC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The present study revealed that ELF3 inhibited apoptosis and reduced the cisplatin sensitivity of OC cells. Furthermore, the mTOR pathway was found to be activated by ELF3. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated the role of ELF3 in the development and pathogenesis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shourong Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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10
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhan J, Yan Z, Chen D, Xue X, Pan X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-206 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in osteoarthritis by reducing Elf3. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7734-7745. [PMID: 34160894 PMCID: PMC8358849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as gene silencers involved in essential cell functions. The role of miR‐206 and E74‐like factor 3 (Elf3) has been identified in osteoarthritis (OA), while the effect of exosomal miR‐206 from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in OA remains largely unknown. Thus, we aim to explore the role of exosomal miR‐206 from BMSCs in OA with the involvement of Elf3. BMSCs and BMSC‐derived exosomes (BMSC‐exos) were obtained and identified. OA mouse models were constructed by anterior cruciate ligament transection and then treated with BMSC‐exos or BMSC‐exos containing miR‐206 mimic/inhibitor. The expression of miR‐206, Elf3, inflammatory factors, osteocalcin (OCN) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in mouse femoral tissues was assessed. The pathological changes in mouse femur tissues were observed. The mouse osteoblasts were identified and treated with untransfected or transfected BMSC‐exos, and then, the expression of miR‐206, Elf3, OCN and BMP2 was determined. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition level, OCN secretion, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in osteoblasts were measured. MiR‐206 was down‐regulated while Elf3 was up‐regulated in OA animal and cellular models. Exosomal miR‐206 ameliorated inflammation and increased expression of OCN and BMP2 in mouse femoral tissues. Moreover, exosomal miR‐206 promoted ALP activity, calcium deposition level, OCN secretion and proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in OA osteoblasts. Overexpressed Elf3 reversed miR‐206 up‐regulation‐induced effects on OA osteoblasts. BMSC‐derived exosomal miR‐206 promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in OA by reducing Elf3. Our research may provide novel targets for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiumeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingdi Zhan
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijiang Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daosen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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11
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He D, Wang D, Lu P, Yang N, Xue Z, Zhu X, Zhang P, Fan G. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneous tumor and immune cell populations in early-stage lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations. Oncogene 2021; 40:355-368. [PMID: 33144684 PMCID: PMC7808940 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring EGFR mutations prevails in Asian population. However, the inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity has not been addressed at single-cell resolution. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of total 125,674 cells from seven stage-I/II LUAD samples harboring EGFR mutations and five tumor-adjacent lung tissues. We identified diverse cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which myeloid cells and T cells were the most abundant stromal cell types in tumors and adjacent lung tissues. Within tumors, accompanied by an increase in CD1C+ dendritic cells, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) showed pro-tumoral functions without signature gene expression of defined M1 or M2 polarization. Tumor-infiltrating T cells mainly displayed exhausted and regulatory T-cell features. The adenocarcinoma cells can be categorized into different subtypes based on their gene expression signatures in distinct pathways such as hypoxia, glycolysis, cell metabolism, translation initiation, cell cycle, and antigen presentation. By performing pseudotime trajectory, we found that ELF3 was among the most upregulated genes in more advanced tumor cells. In response to secretion of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL1B) from immune infiltrates, ELF3 in tumor cells was upregulated to trigger the activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway and elevated expression of proliferation and anti-apoptosis genes such as BCL2L1 and CCND1. Taken together, our study revealed substantial heterogeneity within early-stage LUAD harboring EGFR mutations, implicating complex interactions among tumor cells, stromal cells and immune infiltrates in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Di Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Nan Yang
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories (Shanghai) Co, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park Ltd, Building 7, 388 Jialilue Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Guoping Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The evolutionary emergence of the mesenchymal phenotype greatly increased the complexity of tissue architecture and composition in early Metazoan species. At the molecular level, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was permitted by the innovation of specific transcription factors whose expression is sufficient to repress the epithelial transcriptional program. The reverse process, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), involves direct inhibition of EMT transcription factors by numerous mechanisms including tissue-specific MET-inducing transcription factors (MET-TFs), micro-RNAs, and changes to cell and tissue architecture, thus providing an elegant solution to the need for tight temporal and spatial control over EMT and MET events during development and adult tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Katja Röper
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Improved detection of tumor suppressor events in single-cell RNA-Seq data. NPJ Genom Med 2020; 5:43. [PMID: 33083012 PMCID: PMC7541488 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-00151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific transcription factors are frequently inactivated in cancer. To fully dissect the heterogeneity of such tumor suppressor events requires single-cell resolution, yet this is challenging because of the high dropout rate. Here we propose a simple yet effective computational strategy called SCIRA to infer regulatory activity of tissue-specific transcription factors at single-cell resolution and use this tool to identify tumor suppressor events in single-cell RNA-Seq cancer studies. We demonstrate that tissue-specific transcription factors are preferentially inactivated in the corresponding cancer cells, suggesting that these are driver events. For many known or suspected tumor suppressors, SCIRA predicts inactivation in single cancer cells where differential expression does not, indicating that SCIRA improves the sensitivity to detect changes in regulatory activity. We identify NKX2-1 and TBX4 inactivation as early tumor suppressor events in normal non-ciliated lung epithelial cells from smokers. In summary, SCIRA can help chart the heterogeneity of tumor suppressor events at single-cell resolution.
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14
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Epithelial tumor suppressor ELF3 is a lineage-specific amplified oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5438. [PMID: 31780666 PMCID: PMC6882813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene function in cancer is often cell type-specific. The epithelial cell-specific transcription factor ELF3 is a documented tumor suppressor in many epithelial tumors yet displays oncogenic properties in others. Here, we show that ELF3 is an oncogene in the adenocarcinoma subtype of lung cancer (LUAD), providing genetic, functional, and clinical evidence of subtype specificity. We discover a region of focal amplification at chromosome 1q32.1 encompassing the ELF3 locus in LUAD which is absent in the squamous subtype. Gene dosage and promoter hypomethylation affect the locus in up to 80% of LUAD analyzed. ELF3 expression was required for tumor growth and a pan-cancer expression network analysis supports its subtype and tissue specificity. We further show that ELF3 displays strong prognostic value in LUAD but not LUSC. We conclude that, contrary to many other tumors of epithelial origin, ELF3 is an oncogene and putative therapeutic target in LUAD. Tissue context can dictate why a gene can have seemingly opposing functions in different settings. ELF3 is tumor suppressive in many cancers of epithelial origin but in lung cancer, the authors describe an oncogenic role in the adenocarcinoma histology of non-small cell lung cancer.
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15
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Luk IY, Reehorst CM, Mariadason JM. ELF3, ELF5, EHF and SPDEF Transcription Factors in Tissue Homeostasis and Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092191. [PMID: 30200227 PMCID: PMC6225137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium-specific ETS (ESE) transcription factors (ELF3, ELF5, EHF and SPDEF) are defined by their highly conserved ETS DNA binding domain and predominant epithelial-specific expression profile. ESE transcription factors maintain normal cell homeostasis and differentiation of a number of epithelial tissues, and their genetic alteration and deregulated expression has been linked to the progression of several epithelial cancers. Herein we review the normal function of the ESE transcription factors, the mechanisms by which they are dysregulated in cancers, and the current evidence for their role in cancer progression. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting or reactivating these factors as a novel means of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Luk
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Camilla M Reehorst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - John M Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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16
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Gillen AE, Yang R, Cotton CU, Perez A, Randell SH, Leir SH, Harris A. Molecular characterization of gene regulatory networks in primary human tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:444-453. [PMID: 29459038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust methods to culture primary airway epithelial cells were developed several decades ago and these cells provide the model of choice to investigate many diseases of the human lung. However, the molecular signature of cells from different regions of the airway epithelium has not been well characterized. METHODS We utilize DNase-seq and RNA-seq to examine the molecular signatures of primary cells derived from human tracheal and bronchial tissues, as well as healthy and diseased (cystic fibrosis (CF)) donor lung tissue. RESULTS Our data reveal an airway cell signature that is divergent from other epithelial cell types and from common airway epithelial cell lines. The differences between tracheal and bronchial cells are clearly evident as are common regulatory features. Only minor variation is seen between bronchial cells from healthy or CF donors. CONCLUSIONS These data are a valuable resource for functional genomics analysis of airway epithelial tissues in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin E Gillen
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, 60614, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, 60614, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Aura Perez
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, 60614, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL, 60614, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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17
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Zhang K, Wang J, Tong TR, Wu X, Nelson R, Yuan YC, Reno T, Liu Z, Yun X, Kim JY, Salgia R, Raz DJ. Loss of H2B monoubiquitination is associated with poor-differentiation and enhanced malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:766-777. [PMID: 28481029 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1), mainly catalyzed by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF20/RNF40 complex, may play an important role in cancer. Here we investigate potential roles of H2Bub1 and the underlying mechanisms through which it contributes to cancer development and progression in lung adenocarcinoma. We show that downregulation of H2Bub1 through RNF20 knockdown dramatically decreases H3K79 and H3K4 trimethylation in both normal and malignant lung epithelial cell lines. Concurrently, global transcriptional profiling analysis reveals that multiple tumor-associated genes such as CCND3, E2F1/2, HOXA1, Bcl2 modifying factor (BMF), Met, and Myc; and signaling pathways of cellular dedifferentiation, proliferation, adhesion, survival including p53, cadherin, Myc, and anti-apoptotic pathways are differentially expressed or significantly altered in these lung epithelial cells upon downregulation of H2Bub1. Moreover, RNF20 knockdown dramatically suppresses terminal squamous differentiation of cultured bronchial epithelial cells, and significantly enhances proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis shows that H2Bub1 is extremely low or undetectable in >70% of 170 lung adenocarcinoma samples. Notably, statistical analysis demonstrates that loss of H2Bub1 is significantly correlated with poor differentiation in lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0134). In addition, patients with H2Bub1-negative cancers had a trend towards shorter survival compared with patients with H2Bub1-positive cancers. Taken together, our findings suggest that loss of H2Bub1 may enhance malignancy and promote disease progression in lung adenocarcinoma probably through modulating multiple cancer signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab of Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Tommy R Tong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- The Integrative Genomics Core Lab of Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Rebecca Nelson
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- The Bioinformatics Core lab of Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Theresa Reno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Xinwei Yun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jae Y Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Dan J Raz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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18
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Al-Kurdi B. Hierarchical transcriptional profile of urothelial cells development and differentiation. Differentiation 2017; 95:10-20. [PMID: 28135607 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The urothelial lining of the lower urinary tract is the most efficient permeability barrier in animals, exhibiting a highly differentiated phenotype and a remarkable regenerative capacity upon wounding. During development and possibly during repair, cells undergo a sequence of hierarchical transcriptional events that mark the transition of these cells from the least differentiated urothelial phenotype characteristic of the basal cell layer, to the most differentiated cellular phenotype characteristic of the superficial cell layer. Unraveling normal urothelial differentiation program is essential to uncover the underlying causes of many congenital abnormalities and for the development of an appropriate differentiation niche for stem cells, for future use in urinary tract tissue engineering and organ reconstruction. Kruppel like factor-5 appears to be at the top of the hierarchy activating several downstream transcription factors, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ. Eventually those lead to the activation of transcription factors that directly regulate the expression of uroplakin proteins along with other proteins that mediate the permeability function of the urothelium. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings in the area of urothelial cellular differentiation and transcriptional regulation, aiming for a comprehensive overview that aids in a refined understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Al-Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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19
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López IP, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Pais RS, Torrens R, Hoeflich A, Pichel JG. Involvement of Igf1r in Bronchiolar Epithelial Regeneration: Role during Repair Kinetics after Selective Club Cell Ablation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166388. [PMID: 27861515 PMCID: PMC5115747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of lung epithelium is vital for maintaining airway function and integrity. An imbalance between epithelial damage and repair is at the basis of numerous chronic lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factors) signaling has been associated with most of these respiratory pathologies, although their mechanisms of action in this tissue remain poorly understood. Expression profiles analyses of IGF system genes performed in mouse lung support their functional implication in pulmonary ontogeny. Immuno-localization revealed high expression levels of Igf1r (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) in lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and smooth muscle. To further understand the role of Igf1r in pulmonary homeostasis, two distinct lung epithelial-specific Igf1r mutant mice were generated and studied. The lack of Igf1r disturbed airway epithelial differentiation in adult mice, and revealed enhanced proliferation and altered morphology in distal airway club cells. During recovery after naphthalene-induced club cell injury, the kinetics of terminal bronchiolar epithelium regeneration was hindered in Igf1r mutants, revealing increased proliferation and delayed differentiation of club and ciliated cells. Amid airway restoration, lungs of Igf1r deficient mice showed increased levels of Igf1, Insr, Igfbp3 and epithelial precursor markers, reduced amounts of Scgb1a1 protein, and alterations in IGF signaling mediators. These results support the role of Igf1r in controlling the kinetics of cell proliferation and differentiation during pulmonary airway epithelial regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icíar P López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosete S Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - José G Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
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20
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Toba H, Wang Y, Bai X, Zamel R, Cho HR, Liu H, Lira A, Keshavjee S, Liu M. XB130 promotes bronchioalveolar stem cell and Club cell proliferation in airway epithelial repair and regeneration. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30803-17. [PMID: 26360608 PMCID: PMC4741569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) is essential for epithelial repair. XB130 is a novel adaptor protein involved in the regulation of epithelial cell survival, proliferation and migration through the PI3K/Akt pathway. To determine the role of XB130 in airway epithelial injury repair and regeneration, a naphthalene-induced airway epithelial injury model was used with XB130 knockout (KO) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates. In XB130 KO mice, at days 7 and 14, small airway epithelium repair was significantly delayed with fewer number of Club cells (previously called Clara cells). CCSP (Club cell secreted protein) mRNA expression was also significantly lower in KO mice at day 7. At day 5, there were significantly fewer proliferative epithelial cells in the KO group, and the number of BASCs significantly increased in WT mice but not in KO mice. At day 7, phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and the p85α subunit of PI3K was observed in airway epithelial cells in WT mice, but to a much lesser extent in KO mice. Microarray data also suggest that PI3K/Akt-related signals were regulated differently in KO and WT mice. An inhibitory mechanism for cell proliferation and cell cycle progression was suggested in KO mice. XB130 is involved in bronchioalveolar stem cell and Club cell proliferation, likely through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Toba
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Zamel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hae-Ra Cho
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alonso Lira
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, Universal Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Ali SA, Justilien V, Jamieson L, Murray NR, Fields AP. Protein Kinase Cι Drives a NOTCH3-dependent Stem-like Phenotype in Mutant KRAS Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:367-378. [PMID: 26977885 PMCID: PMC4795153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report that the protein kinase Cι (PKCι) oncogene controls expression of NOTCH3, a key driver of stemness, in KRAS-mediated lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). PKCι activates NOTCH3 expression by phosphorylating the ELF3 transcription factor and driving ELF3 occupancy on the NOTCH3 promoter. PKCι-ELF3-NOTCH3 signaling controls the tumor-initiating cell phenotype by regulating asymmetric cell division, a process necessary for tumor initiation and maintenance. Primary LADC tumors exhibit PKCι-ELF3-NOTCH3 signaling, and combined pharmacologic blockade of PKCι and NOTCH synergistically inhibits tumorigenic behavior in vitro and LADC growth in vivo demonstrating the therapeutic potential of PKCι-ELF3-NOTCH3 signal inhibition to more effectively treat KRAS LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Ali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lee Jamieson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Nicodemus-Johnson J, Naughton KA, Sudi J, Hogarth K, Naurekas ET, Nicolae DL, Sperling AI, Solway J, White SR, Ober C. Genome-Wide Methylation Study Identifies an IL-13-induced Epigenetic Signature in Asthmatic Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:376-85. [PMID: 26474238 PMCID: PMC4803084 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201506-1243oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epigenetic changes to airway cells have been proposed as important modulators of the effects of environmental exposures on airway diseases, yet no study to date has shown epigenetic responses to exposures in the airway that correlate with disease state. The type 2 cytokine IL-13 is a key mediator of allergic airway diseases, such as asthma, and is up-regulated in response to many asthma-promoting exposures. OBJECTIVES To directly study the epigenetic response of airway epithelial cells (AECs) to IL-13 and test whether IL-13-induced epigenetic changes differ between individuals with and without asthma. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns were studied in 58 IL-13-treated and untreated primary AEC cultures and validated in freshly isolated cells of subjects with and without asthma using the Illumina Human Methylation 450K and HumanHT-12 BeadChips. IL-13-mediated comethylation modules were identified and correlated with clinical phenotypes using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IL-13 altered global DNA methylation patterns in cultured AECs and were significantly enriched near genes associated with asthma. Importantly, a significant proportion of this IL-13 epigenetic signature was validated in freshly isolated AECs from subjects with asthma and clustered into two distinct modules, with module 1 correlated with asthma severity and lung function and module 2 with eosinophilia. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a single exposure of IL-13 may selectively induce long-lasting DNA methylation changes in asthmatic airways that alter specific AEC pathways and contribute to asthma phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Diaferia GR, Balestrieri C, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Natoli G. Dissection of transcriptional and cis-regulatory control of differentiation in human pancreatic cancer. EMBO J 2016; 35:595-617. [PMID: 26769127 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The histological grade of carcinomas describes the ability of tumor cells to organize in differentiated epithelial structures and has prognostic and therapeutic impact. Here, we show that differential usage of the genomic repertoire of transcriptional enhancers leads to grade-specific gene expression programs in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). By integrating gene expression profiling, epigenomic footprinting, and loss-of-function experiments in PDAC cell lines of different grade, we identified the repertoires of enhancers specific to high- and low-grade PDACs and the cognate set of transcription factors acting to maintain their activity. Among the candidate regulators of PDAC differentiation, KLF5 was selectively expressed in pre-neoplastic lesions and low-grade primary PDACs and cell lines, where it maintained the acetylation of grade-specific enhancers, the expression of epithelial genes such as keratins and mucins, and the ability to organize glandular epithelia in xenografts. The identification of the transcription factors controlling differentiation in PDACs will help clarify the molecular bases of its heterogeneity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Wakeham A, Hao Z, Toba H, Bai X, Keshavjee S, Mak TW, Liu M. XB130 deficiency affects tracheal epithelial differentiation during airway repair. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108952. [PMID: 25272040 PMCID: PMC4182764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair and regeneration of airway epithelium is important for maintaining homeostasis of the respiratory system. XB130 is an adaptor protein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and migration. In the human trachea, XB130 is expressed on the apical site of ciliated epithelial cells. We hypothesize that XB130 may play a role in epithelial repair and regeneration after injury. Xb130 knockout (KO) mice were generated, and a mouse isogenic tracheal transplantation model was used. Adult Xb130 KO mice did not show any significant anatomical and physiological phenotypes in comparison with their wild type (WT) littermates. The tracheal epithelium in Xb130 KO mice, however, was significantly thicker than that in WT mice. Severe ischemic epithelial injury was observed immediately after the tracheal transplantation, which was followed by epithelial cell flattening, proliferation and differentiation. No significant differences were observed in terms of initial airway injury and apoptosis. However, at Day 10 after transplantation, the epithelial layer was significantly thicker in Xb130 KO mice, and associated with greater proliferative (Ki67+) and basal (CK5+) cells, as well as thickening of the connective tissue and fibroblast layer between the epithelium and tracheal cartilages. These results suggest that XB130 is involved in the regulation of airway epithelial differentiation, especially during airway repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Zhao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- Advanced Medical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- Advanced Medical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Toba
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- Advanced Medical Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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25
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The transcriptional consequences of somatic amplifications, deletions, and rearrangements in a human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1075-86. [PMID: 23226101 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes more deaths, worldwide, than any other cancer. Several histologic subtypes exist. Currently, there is a dearth of targeted therapies for treating one of the main subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As for many cancers, lung SCC karyotypes are often highly anomalous owing to large somatic structural variants, some of which are seen repeatedly in lung SCC, indicating a potential causal association for genes therein. We chose to characterize a lung SCC genome to unprecedented detail and integrate our findings with the concurrently characterized transcriptome. We aimed to ascertain how somatic structural changes affected gene expression within the cell in ways that could confer a pathogenic phenotype. We sequenced the genomes of a lung SCC cell line (LUDLU-1) and its matched lymphocyte cell line (AGLCL) to more than 50x coverage. We also sequenced the transcriptomes of LUDLU-1 and a normal bronchial epithelium cell line (LIMM-NBE1), resulting in more than 600 million aligned reads per sample, including both coding and non-coding RNA (ncRNA), in a strand-directional manner. We also captured small RNA (<30 bp). We discovered significant, but weak, correlations between copy number and expression for protein-coding genes, antisense transcripts, long intergenic ncRNA, and microRNA (miRNA). We found that miRNA undergo the largest change in overall expression pattern between the normal bronchial epithelium and the tumor cell line. We found evidence of transcription across the novel genomic sequence created from six somatic structural variants. For each part of our integrated analysis, we highlight candidate genes that have undergone the largest expression changes.
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Gorski SA, Hufford MM, Braciale TJ. Recent insights into pulmonary repair following virus-induced inflammation of the respiratory tract. Curr Opin Virol 2012; 2:233-41. [PMID: 22608464 PMCID: PMC3378727 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of infection by respiratory viruses is productive infection of and the subsequent destruction of the airway epithelium. These viruses can also target other stromal cell types as well as in certain instances, CD45(+) hematopoietic cells either resident in the lungs or part of the inflammatory response to infection. The mechanisms by which the virus produces injury to these cell types include direct infection with cytopathic effects as a consequence of replication. Host mediated damage is also a culprit in pulmonary injury as both innate and adaptive immune cells produce soluble and cell-associated pro-inflammatory mediators. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that in addition to control of excess inflammation and virus elimination, the resolution of infection requires an active repair process, which is necessary to regain normal respiratory function and restore the lungs to homeostasis. The repair response must re-establish the epithelial barrier and regenerate the microarchitecture of the lung. Emerging areas of research have highlighted the importance of innate immune cells, particularly the newly described innate lymphoid cells, as well as alternatively activated macrophages and pulmonary stem cells in the repair process. The mechanisms by which respiratory viruses may impede or alter the repair response will be important areas of research for identifying therapeutic targets aimed at limiting virus and host mediated injury and expediting recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Gorski
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Roos AB, Berg T, Barton JL, Didon L, Nord M. Airway epithelial cell differentiation during lung organogenesis requires C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:911-23. [PMID: 22411169 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α is crucial for lung development and differentiation of the pulmonary epithelium. Conversely, no lung defects have been observed in C/EBPβ-deficient mice, although C/EBPβ trans-activate pulmonary genes by binding to virtually identical DNA-sequences as C/EBPα. Thus, the pulmonary phenotype of mice lacking C/EBPβ could be explained by functional replacement with C/EBPα. We investigated whether C/EBPα and C/EBPβ have overlapping functions in regulating lung epithelial differentiation during organogenesis. Epithelial differentiation was assessed in mice with a lung epithelial-specific (SFTPC-Cre-mediated) deletion of C/EBPα (Cebpa(ΔLE) ), C/EBPβ (Cebpb(ΔLE) ), or both genes (Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) ). RESULTS Both Cebpa(ΔLE) mice and Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) mice demonstrated severe pulmonary immaturity compared to wild-type littermates, while no differences in lung histology or epithelial differentiation were observed in Cebpb(ΔLE) mice. In contrast to Cebpa(ΔLE) mice, Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) mice also displayed undifferentiated Clara cells with markedly impaired protein and mRNA expression of Clara cell secretory protein (SCGB1A1), compared to wild-type littermates. In addition, ectopic mucus-producing cells were observed in the conducting airways of Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that C/EBPα and C/EBPβ play pivotal, and partly overlapping roles in determining airway epithelial differentiation, with possible implications for tissue regeneration in lung homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Roos
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Multiple roles of the epithelium-specific ETS transcription factor, ESE-1, in development and disease. J Transl Med 2012; 92:320-30. [PMID: 22157719 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcription factors comprises of 27 and 26 members in humans and mice, respectively, which are known to regulate many different biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, embryonic development, neoplasia, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. The epithelium-specific ETS transcription factor-1 (ESE-1) is a physiologically important ETS transcription factor, which has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, and was originally characterized as having an epithelial-restricted expression pattern, thus placing it within the epithelium-specific ETS subfamily. Despite a large body of published work on ETS biology, much remains to be learned about the precise functions of ESE-1 and other epithelium-specific ETS factors in regulating diverse disease processes. Clues as to the specific function of ESE-1 in the setting of various diseases can be obtained from studies aimed at examining the expression of putative target genes regulated by ESE-1. Thus, this review will focus primarily on the various roles of ESE-1 in different pathophysiological processes, including regulation of epithelial cell differentiation during both intestinal development and lung regeneration; regulation of dendritic cell-driven T-cell differentiation during allergic airway inflammation; regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer; and regulation of the effects of inflammatory stimuli within the setting of synovial joint and vascular inflammation. Understanding the exact mechanisms by which ESE-1 regulates these processes can have important implications for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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