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Walker RL, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Transcriptional regulation and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in sarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116342. [PMID: 38848777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sarcomas include various subtypes comprising two significant groups - soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Although the survival rate for some sarcoma subtypes has improved over time, the current methods of treatment remain efficaciously limited, as recurrent, and metastatic diseases remain a major obstacle. There is a need for better options and therapeutic strategies in treating sarcoma. Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a transcriptional kinase and has emerged as a promising target for treating various cancers. The aberrant expression and activation of CDK9 have been observed in several sarcoma subtypes, including rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chordoma. Enhanced CDK9 expression has also been correlated with poorer prognosis in sarcoma patients. As a master regulator of transcription, CDK9 promotes transcription elongation by phosphorylation and releasing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from its promoter proximal pause. Release of RNAPII from this pause induces transcription of critical genes in the tumor cell. Overexpression and activation of CDK9 have been observed to lead to the expression of oncogenes, including MYC and MCL-1, that aid sarcoma development and progression. Inhibition of CDK9 in sarcoma has been proven to reduce these oncogenes' expression and decrease proliferation and growth in different sarcoma cells. Currently, there are several CDK9 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical investigations. This review aims to highlight the recent discovery and results on the transcriptional role and therapeutic potential of CDK9 in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Walker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 N.W. 10(th) Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. USA.
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2
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Zhuk AS, Stepchenkova EI, Zotova IV, Belopolskaya OB, Pavlov YI, Kostroma II, Gritsaev SV, Aksenova AY. G-Quadruplex Forming DNA Sequence Context Is Enriched around Points of Somatic Mutations in a Subset of Multiple Myeloma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5269. [PMID: 38791307 PMCID: PMC11121618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, which remains incurable despite recent advances in treatment strategies. Like other forms of cancer, MM is characterized by genomic instability, caused by defects in DNA repair. Along with mutations in DNA repair genes and genotoxic drugs used to treat MM, non-canonical secondary DNA structures (four-stranded G-quadruplex structures) can affect accumulation of somatic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in the tumor cells of MM patients. Here, we tested the hypothesis that G-quadruplex structures may influence the distribution of somatic mutations in the tumor cells of MM patients. We sequenced exomes of normal and tumor cells of 11 MM patients and analyzed the data for the presence of G4 context around points of somatic mutations. To identify molecular mechanisms that could affect mutational profile of tumors, we also analyzed mutational signatures in tumor cells as well as germline mutations for the presence of specific SNPs in DNA repair genes or in genes regulating G-quadruplex unwinding. In several patients, we found that sites of somatic mutations are frequently located in regions with G4 context. This pattern correlated with specific germline variants found in these patients. We discuss the possible implications of these variants for mutation accumulation and specificity in MM and propose that the extent of G4 context enrichment around somatic mutation sites may be a novel metric characterizing mutational processes in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Zhuk
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.Z.); (I.V.Z.)
- Institute of Applied Computer Science, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Zotova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.Z.); (I.V.Z.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, St. Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Olesya B. Belopolskaya
- Resource Center “Bio-Bank Center”, Research Park of St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- The Laboratory of Genogeography, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Pathology, Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ivan I. Kostroma
- City Hospital No. 15, 198205 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.K.); (S.V.G.)
| | | | - Anna Y. Aksenova
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.Z.); (I.V.Z.)
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3
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Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Zhong X, Yang J, Yang G. Characteristics and mechanisms of latency-reversing agents in the activation of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 reservoir. Arch Virol 2023; 168:301. [PMID: 38019293 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The "Shock and Kill" method is being considered as a potential treatment for eradicating HIV-1 and achieving a functional cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This approach involves using latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transcription in latent cells, followed by treatment with antiviral drugs to kill these cells. Although LRAs have shown promise in HIV-1 patient research, their widespread clinical use is hindered by side effects and limitations. In this review, we categorize and explain the mechanisms of these agonists in activating HIV-1 in vivo and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In the future, combining different HIV-1 LRAs may overcome their respective shortcomings and facilitate a functional cure for HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujiao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yashuang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Geng Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
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4
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Zhou S, Van Bortle K. The Pol III transcriptome: Basic features, recurrent patterns, and emerging roles in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1782. [PMID: 36754845 PMCID: PMC10498592 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcriptome is universally comprised of short, highly structured noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Through RNA-protein interactions, the Pol III transcriptome actuates functional activities ranging from nuclear gene regulation (7SK), splicing (U6, U6atac), and RNA maturation and stability (RMRP, RPPH1, Y RNA), to cytoplasmic protein targeting (7SL) and translation (tRNA, 5S rRNA). In higher eukaryotes, the Pol III transcriptome has expanded to include additional, recently evolved ncRNA species that effectively broaden the footprint of Pol III transcription to additional cellular activities. Newly evolved ncRNAs function as riboregulators of autophagy (vault), immune signaling cascades (nc886), and translation (Alu, BC200, snaR). Notably, upregulation of Pol III transcription is frequently observed in cancer, and multiple ncRNA species are linked to both cancer progression and poor survival outcomes among cancer patients. In this review, we outline the basic features and functions of the Pol III transcriptome, and the evidence for dysregulation and dysfunction for each ncRNA in cancer. When taken together, recurrent patterns emerge, ranging from shared functional motifs that include molecular scaffolding and protein sequestration, overlapping protein interactions, and immunostimulatory activities, to the biogenesis of analogous small RNA fragments and noncanonical miRNAs, augmenting the function of the Pol III transcriptome and further broadening its role in cancer. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Zhou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Van Bortle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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5
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Camara MB, Sobeh AM, Eichhorn CD. Progress in 7SK ribonucleoprotein structural biology. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154622. [PMID: 37051324 PMCID: PMC10083321 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP) is a dynamic and multifunctional regulator of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription in metazoa. Comprised of the non-coding 7SK RNA, core proteins, and numerous accessory proteins, the most well-known 7SK RNP function is the sequestration and inactivation of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). More recently, 7SK RNP has been shown to regulate RNAPII transcription through P-TEFb-independent pathways. Due to its fundamental role in cellular function, dysregulation has been linked with human diseases including cancers, heart disease, developmental disorders, and viral infection. Significant advances in 7SK RNP structural biology have improved our understanding of 7SK RNP assembly and function. Here, we review progress in understanding the structural basis of 7SK RNA folding, biogenesis, and RNP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momodou B. Camara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Amr M. Sobeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Catherine D. Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine D. Eichhorn,
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6
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Mehta M, Raguraman R, Ramesh R, Munshi A. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and their role in DNA damage and radiation response in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114569. [PMID: 36252617 PMCID: PMC10411638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally majority of eukaryotic gene expression is influenced by transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Alterations in the expression of proteins that act post-transcriptionally can affect cellular signaling and homeostasis. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind to RNAs and are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and important cellular processes such as cell differentiation and metabolism. Deregulation of RNA-RBP interactions and any changes in RBP expression or function can lead to various diseases including cancer. In cancer cells, RBPs play an important role in regulating the expression of tumor suppressors and oncoproteins involved in various cell-signaling pathways. Several RBPs such as HuR, AUF1, RBM38, LIN28, RBM24, tristetrapolin family and Musashi play critical roles in various types of cancers and their aberrant expression in cancer cells makes them an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of i). RBPs involved in cancer progression and their mechanism of action ii). the role of RBPs, including HuR, in breast cancer progression and DNA damage response and iii). explore RBPs with emphasis on HuR as therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA.
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7
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Olson SW, Turner AMW, Arney JW, Saleem I, Weidmann CA, Margolis DM, Weeks KM, Mustoe AM. Discovery of a large-scale, cell-state-responsive allosteric switch in the 7SK RNA using DANCE-MaP. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1708-1723.e10. [PMID: 35320755 PMCID: PMC9081252 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
7SK is a conserved noncoding RNA that regulates transcription by sequestering the transcription factor P-TEFb. 7SK function entails complex changes in RNA structure, but characterizing RNA dynamics in cells remains an unsolved challenge. We developed a single-molecule chemical probing strategy, DANCE-MaP (deconvolution and annotation of ribonucleic conformational ensembles), that defines per-nucleotide reactivity, direct base pairing interactions, tertiary interactions, and thermodynamic populations for each state in RNA structural ensembles from a single experiment. DANCE-MaP reveals that 7SK RNA encodes a large-scale structural switch that couples dissolution of the P-TEFb binding site to structural remodeling at distal release factor binding sites. The 7SK structural equilibrium shifts in response to cell growth and stress and can be targeted to modulate expression of P-TEFbresponsive genes. Our study reveals that RNA structural dynamics underlie 7SK function as an integrator of diverse cellular signals to control transcription and establishes the power of DANCE-MaP to define RNA dynamics in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Anne-Marie W Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Winston Arney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Irfana Saleem
- Verna and Marrs McClean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Therapeutic Innovation Center (THINC), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chase A Weidmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin M Weeks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Anthony M Mustoe
- Verna and Marrs McClean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Therapeutic Innovation Center (THINC), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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Yang M, Ma B, Liu X. MCTS1 promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell growth via enhancing LARP7 stability. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:652-660. [PMID: 35274760 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MCTS1 Re-Initiation and Release Factor (MCTS1) has been characterized as an oncoprotein in some cancers. In this study, we explored the expression of MCTS1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its regulatory effects on the proliferation and cell-cycle progression of tumor cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The data from the Cancer Genome Atlas was used to analyze MCTS1 expression and its correlation with survival outcomes in LSCC patients. Subsequent in vitro cellular and molecular studies were performed based on representative LSCC cell lines. Results showed that the upregulation of MCTS1 in LSCC is linked to poor progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). In TU177 and AMC-HN-8 cells, MCTS1 exerted positive regulations on cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle progression, and the expression of CDK1, CDK2, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1. Co-IP assay confirmed mutual interaction between MCTS1 and LARP7, mainly in the cytoplasm. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase and co-IP assay of ubiquitination showed that MCTS1 could increase LARP7 protein half-life and reduce its poly-ubiquitination. LARP7 overexpression enhanced the viability and colony formation of LSCC cells and also elevated the expression of CDK1, CDK2, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1. In addition, its overexpression partly reversed the negative influence of MCTS1 knockdown. In summary, this study confirmed that the expression of MCTS1 might be an indicator of unfavorable prognosis for patients with LSCC. Mechanically, it promotes LSCC cell viability and proliferation via interacting with LARP7 and reducing its proteasomal-mediated degradation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsheng Yang
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Binjuan Ma
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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9
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The BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin ligase and its substrates. Biochem J 2021; 478:3467-3483. [PMID: 34591954 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its heterodimeric binding partner BARD1 confer a high risk for the development of breast and ovarian cancers. The sole enzymatic function of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex is as a RING-type E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, leading to the deposition of Ub signals onto a variety of substrate proteins. Distinct types of Ub signals deposited by BRCA1/BARD1 (i.e. degradative vs. non-degradative; mono-Ub vs. poly-Ub chains) on substrate proteins mediate aspects of its function in DNA double-stranded break repair, cell-cycle regulation, and transcriptional regulation. While cancer-predisposing mutations in both subunits lead to the inactivation of BRCA1/BARD1 ligase activity, controversy remains as to whether its Ub ligase activity directly inhibits tumorigenesis. Investigation of BRCA1/BARD1 substrates using rigorous, well-validated mutants and experimental systems will ultimately clarify the role of its ligase activity in cancer and possibly establish prognostic and diagnostic metrics for patients with mutations. In this review, we discuss the Ub ligase function of BRCA1/BARD1, highlighting experimental approaches, mechanistic considerations, and reagents that are useful in the study of substrate ubiquitylation. We also discuss the current understanding of two well-established BRCA1/BARD1 substrates (nucleosomal H2A and estrogen receptor α) and several recently discovered substrates (p50, NF2, Oct1, and LARP7). Lessons from the current body of work should provide a road map to researchers examining novel substrates and biological functions attributed to BRCA1/BARD1 Ub ligase activity.
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Zhang P, Liu Z, Wang D, Li Y, Xing Y, Xiao Y. Scoring System Based on RNA Modification Writer-Related Genes to Predict Overall Survival and Therapeutic Response in Bladder Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724541. [PMID: 34512654 PMCID: PMC8427805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It’s widely reported the “writer” enzymes mediated RNA adenosine modifications which is known as a crucial mechanism of epigenetic regulation in development of tumor and the immunologic response in many kinds of cancers. However, the potential roles of these writer genes in the progression of bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unclear. Materials and Methods We comprehensively described the alterations of 26 RNA modification writer genes in BLCA from the genetic and transcriptional fields and identified writer-related genes from four independent datasets. Utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression, we constructed a ten writer-related gene signature. After that, we confirmed the predictive and prognostic value of this signature on another six independent datasets and established a nomogram to forecast the overall survival (OS) and mortality odds of BLCA patients clinically. Results The writer-related genes signature showed good performance in predicting the OS for BLCA patients. Moreover, the writer-related gene signature was related to EMT-related pathways and immune characteristics. Furthermore, the immune cell infiltration levels of CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells, M1/2 macrophage cells and tumor mutation burden might be able to predict which patients will benefit from immunotherapy. This could also be reflected by the writer-related gene signature. Conclusions This signature might play an important role in precision individualized immunotherapy. The present work highlights the crucial clinical implications of RNA modifications and may help developing individualized therapeutic strategies for patients with BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxue Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Xiao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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CDK9 keeps RNA polymerase II on track. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5543-5567. [PMID: 34146121 PMCID: PMC8257543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the kinase component of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), is essential for transcription of most protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). By releasing promoter-proximally paused RNAPII into gene bodies, CDK9 controls the entry of RNAPII into productive elongation and is, therefore, critical for efficient synthesis of full-length messenger (m)RNAs. In recent years, new players involved in P-TEFb-dependent processes have been identified and an important function of CDK9 in coordinating elongation with transcription initiation and termination has been unveiled. As the regulatory functions of CDK9 in gene expression continue to expand, a number of human pathologies, including cancers, have been associated with aberrant CDK9 activity, underscoring the need to properly regulate CDK9. Here, I provide an overview of CDK9 function and regulation, with an emphasis on CDK9 dysregulation in human diseases.
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12
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Bitaraf A, Razmara E, Bakhshinejad B, Yousefi H, Vatanmakanian M, Garshasbi M, Cho WC, Babashah S. The oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of RNA-binding proteins in human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6200-6224. [PMID: 33559213 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation is a mechanism for the cells to control gene regulation at the RNA level. In this process, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play central roles and orchestrate the function of RNA molecules in multiple steps. Accumulating evidence has shown that the aberrant regulation of RBPs makes contributions to the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis via numerous mechanisms such as genetic changes, epigenetic alterations, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulations. In this article, we review the effects caused by RBPs and their functional diversity in the malignant transformation of cancer cells that occurs through the involvement of these proteins in various stages of RNA regulation including alternative splicing, stability, polyadenylation, localization, and translation. Besides this, we review the various interactions between RBPs and other crucial posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential approaches for targeting RBPs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mousa Vatanmakanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Zhou L, Wu Y, Xin L, Zhou Q, Li S, Yuan Y, Wang J, Wu D. Development of RNA binding proteins expression signature for prognosis prediction in gastric cancer patients. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6775-6792. [PMID: 33194072 PMCID: PMC7653620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that the expression of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in malignant tumors is dysregulated and is closely related to tumorigenesis. However, some studies have confirmed the role of RBPs in gastric cancer (GC). We obtained data on gastric cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and identified RBPs that are dysregulated between gastric normal and cancer tissues. Then, we systematically investigated the expression characteristics and clinical prognostic potential of these RBPs through bioinformatics methods. We found 278 dysregulated RBPs in the GC, 91 of which were up-regulated and 181 were down-regulated. We detected 4 hub RBPs (HNRNPL, PABPN1, PCF, SNRPN) are related to overall survival (OS), and 3 hub RBPs (EEF1A2, MRPS5, PCF1) are related to disease-specific survival (DSS), and furthermore, we constructed prognostic signatures. Analysis of the OS and DSS signature showed that the GC patients with high-risk groups have worse OS and DSS than the low-risk groups. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of the 5-year survival rate of OS and DSS prognosis signature were drawn, and the areas under the two curves were 0.62 and 0.64, respectively. We constructed nomograms to predict OS and DSS, and evaluated by the calibration curve, which showed the GC prediction ability of these two models. Furthermore, the expression of the above six genes was verified by PCR, which is consistent with our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiwu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dengzhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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14
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L ARP7 Is a BRCA1 Ubiquitinase Substrate and Regulates Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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15
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Hasler D, Meister G, Fischer U. Stabilize and connect: the role of LARP7 in nuclear non-coding RNA metabolism. RNA Biol 2020; 18:290-303. [PMID: 32401147 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1767952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
La and La-related proteins (LARPs) are characterized by a common RNA interaction platform termed the La module. This structural hallmark allows LARPs to pervade various aspects of RNA biology. The metazoan LARP7 protein binds to the 7SK RNA as part of a 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP), which inhibits the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Additionally, recent findings revealed unanticipated roles of LARP7 in the assembly of other RNPs, as well as in the modification, processing and cellular transport of RNA molecules. Reduced levels of functional LARP7 have been linked to cancer and Alazami syndrome, two seemingly unrelated human diseases characterized either by hyperproliferation or growth retardation. Here, we review the intricate regulatory networks centered on LARP7 and assess how malfunction of these networks may relate to the etiology of LARP7-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Hasler
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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The Alazami Syndrome-Associated Protein LARP7 Guides U6 Small Nuclear RNA Modification and Contributes to Splicing Robustness. Mol Cell 2020; 77:1014-1031.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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P-TEFb as A Promising Therapeutic Target. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040838. [PMID: 32075058 PMCID: PMC7070488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) was first identified as a general factor that stimulates transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), but soon afterwards it turned out to be an essential cellular co-factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription mediated by viral Tat proteins. Studies on the mechanisms of Tat-dependent HIV transcription have led to radical advances in our knowledge regarding the mechanism of eukaryotic transcription, including the discoveries that P-TEFb-mediated elongation control of cellular transcription is a main regulatory step of gene expression in eukaryotes, and deregulation of P-TEFb activity plays critical roles in many human diseases and conditions in addition to HIV/AIDS. P-TEFb is now recognized as an attractive and promising therapeutic target for inflammation/autoimmune diseases, cardiac hypertrophy, cancer, infectious diseases, etc. In this review article, I will summarize our knowledge about basic P-TEFb functions, the regulatory mechanism of P-TEFb-dependent transcription, P-TEFb’s involvement in biological processes and diseases, and current approaches to manipulating P-TEFb functions for the treatment of these diseases.
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18
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Ivanovski I, Caraffi SG, Magnani E, Rosato S, Pollazzon M, Matalonga L, Piana S, Nicoli D, Baldo C, Bernasconi S, Frasoldati A, Zuffardi O, Garavelli L. Alazami syndrome: the first case of papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:133-141. [PMID: 31656314 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alazami syndrome (MIM#615071) is a rare developmental disorder caused by biallelic variants in the LARP7 gene. Hallmark features include short stature, global developmental delay, and distinctive facial features. To date, 23 patients from 11 families have been reported in the literature. Here we describe a 19-year-old man who, in association with the typical features of Alazami syndrome, was diagnosed at the age of 14 years with papillary thyroid carcinoma, harboring the somatic BRAF V600E mutation. Whole exome sequencing revealed two novel LARP7 variants in compound heterozygosity, whereas only common variants were detected in genes associated with familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (MIM#188550). LARP7 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast and gastric cancer, and possibly, according to recent studies, in thyroid tumors. Since thyroid cancer is rare among children and adolescents, we hypothesize that the LARP7 variants identified in our patient are responsible for both Alazami syndrome and tumor susceptibility. We also provide an overview of the clinical findings in all Alazami syndrome patients reported to date and discuss the possible pathogenetic mechanism that may underlie this condition, including the role of LARP7 in tumor susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanovski
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Magnani
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simonetta Rosato
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Leslie Matalonga
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Frasoldati
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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19
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Mohibi S, Chen X, Zhang J. Cancer the'RBP'eutics-RNA-binding proteins as therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107390. [PMID: 31302171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the regulation of various RNA processes, including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, transport, translation and degradation of coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Recent studies indicate that RBPs not only play an instrumental role in normal cellular processes but have also emerged as major players in the development and spread of cancer. Herein, we review the current knowledge about RNA binding proteins and their role in tumorigenesis as well as the potential to target RBPs for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States.
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20
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Egiz M, Usui T, Ishibashi M, Zhang X, Shigeta S, Toyoshima M, Kitatani K, Yaegashi N. La-Related Protein 4 as a Suppressor for Motility of Ovarian Cancer Cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 247:59-67. [PMID: 30686809 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The La-related proteins (LARPs) are a family of RNA binding proteins that control the degradation and stabilization of RNAs. As emerging research reveals the biology of each LARP, it is evident that LARPs are dysregulated in some types of cancer. Upregulation of cell motility potentiates the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells; however, the roles of LARPs in cell motility remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of LARPs in the progression of ovarian cancer using SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells and a public database that integrates microarray-based gene expression data and clinical data. To explore the involvement of LARPs in the cell motility, we performed RNA interference screening for LARP mRNAs in SKOV3 cells. The screening identified LARP4 as a potential suppressor of the formation of lamellipodia. Conversely, enforced expression of LARP4 suppressed the formation of lamellipodia. Moreover, cell migration was significantly increased in LARP4-depleted SKOV3 cells. Mechanistically, LARP4 depletion was associated with the decrease in RhoA protein expression. These results suggest that LARP4 may limit RhoA-dependent cell motility. In a mouse xenograft model with SKOV3 cells, LARP4 depletion potentiated peritoneal metastasis. Upon analysis of a public database of patients with ovarian cancer, the LARP4 mRNA-high expression group (n = 166) showed longer overall survival compared with the LARP4 mRNA-low expression group (n = 489), implying a positive correlation of LARP4 mRNA levels in ovarian cancer tissues with patient prognosis. Taken together, we propose that LARP4 could suppress motility and metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahy Egiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufia University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshinori Usui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masafumi Toyoshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
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21
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Lian D, Amin B, Du D, Yan W. Enhanced expression of the long non-coding RNA SNHG16 contributes to gastric cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:151-160. [PMID: 29081409 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to probe into the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG16 in human gastric cancer (GC) and its potential tumor biological functions. The expression of lncRNA SNHG16 was detected in GC and adjacent tissues and GC cell lines using qRT-PCR. GC MGC-803 cells were transfected with siRNA of lncRNA SNHG16, as well as blank and negative control. A series of experiments including CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assay were adopted to evaluate the effects of lncRNA SNHG16 on cell growth and metastasis. Besides, the nude mouse xenograft tumor model was established to draw tumor growth curve and measure tumor volume during treatments. TUNEL staining was used to determine the apoptosis rate of tissues. The expression of lncRNA SNHG16 in GC tissue, significantly associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and histological differentiation (all P< 0.05), was upregulated compared with adjacent tissues. Transfected with siRNA of lncRNA SNHG16 inhibited GC MGC-803 cell proliferation, and arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase, and then promoted apoptosis rate with reduced cell invasion and shortened migration distance. Additionally, the nude mice xenograft presented lower tumor growth rate and weight loss alongside elevated apoptosis rate of tumor tissues. LncRNA SNHG16 is highly expressed in GC, while suppression of SNHG16 expression can inhibit proliferation, weaken invasion and migration of GC cells, and enhance apoptosis, to be a novel target for GC clinical treatment.
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22
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Eichhorn CD, Yang Y, Repeta L, Feigon J. Structural basis for recognition of human 7SK long noncoding RNA by the La-related protein Larp7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6457-E6466. [PMID: 29946027 PMCID: PMC6048529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806276115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The La and the La-related protein (LARP) superfamily is a diverse class of RNA binding proteins involved in RNA processing, folding, and function. Larp7 binds to the abundant long noncoding 7SK RNA and is required for 7SK ribonucleoprotein (RNP) assembly and function. The 7SK RNP sequesters a pool of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) in an inactive state; on release, P-TEFb phosphorylates RNA Polymerase II to stimulate transcription elongation. Despite its essential role in transcription, limited structural information is available for the 7SK RNP, particularly for protein-RNA interactions. Larp7 contains an N-terminal La module that binds UUU-3'OH and a C-terminal atypical RNA recognition motif (xRRM) required for specific binding to 7SK and P-TEFb assembly. Deletion of the xRRM is linked to gastric cancer in humans. We report the 2.2-Å X-ray crystal structure of the human La-related protein group 7 (hLarp7) xRRM bound to the 7SK stem-loop 4, revealing a unique binding interface. Contributions of observed interactions to binding affinity were investigated by mutagenesis and isothermal titration calorimetry. NMR 13C spin relaxation data and comparison of free xRRM, RNA, and xRRM-RNA structures show that the xRRM is preordered to bind a flexible loop 4. Combining structures of the hLarp7 La module and the xRRM-7SK complex presented here, we propose a structural model for Larp7 binding to the 7SK 3' end and mechanism for 7SK RNP assembly. This work provides insight into how this domain contributes to 7SK recognition and assembly of the core 7SK RNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Lucas Repeta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Juli Feigon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
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23
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Sui X, Sui Y, Wang Y. LARP7 in papillary thyroid carcinoma induces NIS expression through suppression of the SHH signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7521-7528. [PMID: 29620212 PMCID: PMC5983951 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased the past few decades, the most frequent type has been identified to be the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Following thyroidectomy, radioiodine ablation treatment on PTC is routinely performed. However, many patients do not benefit from radioiodine therapy. Therefore, novel targeted therapies to suppress tumor growth and improve radioiodine uptake are required. La ribonucleoprotein domain family member (LARP)7 is a member of the LARP family and functions as a potential suppressor of the progression of carcinoma. In the present study, the expression status of LARP7 in PTC tissues and cell lines was investigated, and the cell viability, proliferation and apoptotic rate, radioiodine uptake ability of PTC cells with overexpression of LARP7 in vitro was determined. Expression levels of LARP7 were significantly downregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LARP7 inhibited the proliferation and increased the radioiodine uptake ability of PTC cells in vitro and inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, LARP7 overexpression inhibited the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway and increased sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression. However, treatment with recombinant human SHH partially reduced radioiodine uptake ability and NIS expression induced by LARP7. In conclusion, LARP7 may act as a tumor suppressor in PTC by inhibiting the SHH signaling pathway and may be a promising therapeutic target in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sui
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yana Sui
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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24
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Maraia RJ, Mattijssen S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Conte MR. The La and related RNA-binding proteins (LARPs): structures, functions, and evolving perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2017; 8:10.1002/wrna.1430. [PMID: 28782243 PMCID: PMC5647580 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
La was first identified as a polypeptide component of ribonucleic protein complexes targeted by antibodies in autoimmune patients and is now known to be a eukaryote cell-ubiquitous protein. Structure and function studies have shown that La binds to a common terminal motif, UUU-3'-OH, of nascent RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcripts and protects them from exonucleolytic decay. For precursor-tRNAs, the most diverse and abundant of these transcripts, La also functions as an RNA chaperone that helps to prevent their misfolding. Related to this, we review evidence that suggests that La and its link to RNAP III were significant in the great expansions of the tRNAomes that occurred in eukaryotes. Four families of La-related proteins (LARPs) emerged during eukaryotic evolution with specialized functions. We provide an overview of the high-resolution structural biology of La and LARPs. LARP7 family members most closely resemble La but function with a single RNAP III nuclear transcript, 7SK, or telomerase RNA. A cytoplasmic isoform of La protein as well as LARPs 6, 4, and 1 function in mRNA metabolism and translation in distinct but similar ways, sometimes with the poly(A)-binding protein, and in some cases by direct binding to poly(A)-RNA. New structures of LARP domains, some complexed with RNA, provide novel insights into the functional versatility of these proteins. We also consider LARPs in relation to ancestral La protein and potential retention of links to specific RNA-related pathways. One such link may be tRNA surveillance and codon usage by LARP-associated mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1430. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1430 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Maraia
- Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Sandy Mattijssen
- Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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25
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Pereira B, Billaud M, Almeida R. RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Old Players and New Actors. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:506-528. [PMID: 28718405 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key players in post-transcriptional events. The combination of versatility of their RNA-binding domains with structural flexibility enables RBPs to control the metabolism of a large array of transcripts. Perturbations in RBP-RNA networks activity have been causally associated with cancer development, but the rational framework describing these contributions remains fragmented. We review here the evidence that RBPs modulate multiple cancer traits, emphasize their functional diversity, and assess future trends in the study of RBPs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pereira
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marc Billaud
- Clinical and Experimental Model of Lymphomagenesis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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26
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Sommer G, Fedarovich A, Kota V, Rodriguez R, Smith CD, Heise T. Applying a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay for the discovery of chemical probes blocking La:RNA interactions in vitro and in cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173246. [PMID: 28291789 PMCID: PMC5349447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein La is overexpressed in a number of tumor tissues and is thought to support tumorigenesis by binding to and facilitating the expression of mRNAs encoding tumor-promoting and anti-apoptotic factors. Hence, small molecules able to block the binding of La to specific RNAs could have a therapeutic impact by reducing the expression of tumor-promoting and anti-apoptotic factors. Toward this novel therapeutic strategy, we aimed to develop a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay to screen small compound libraries for molecules blocking the binding of La to an RNA element derived from cyclin D1 mRNA. Herein, we make use of a robust fluorescence polarization assay and the validation of primary hits by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We showed recently that La protects cells against cisplatin treatment by stimulating the protein synthesis of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2. Here, we show by RNA immunoprecipitation experiments that one small compound specifically impairs the association of La with Bcl2 mRNA in cells and sensitizes cells for cipslatin-induced cell death. In summary, we report the application of a high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay to identify small compounds that impair the binding of La to target RNAs in vitro and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhild Sommer
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Alena Fedarovich
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Venkatesh Kota
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Reycel Rodriguez
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tilman Heise
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Egloff S, Vitali P, Tellier M, Raffel R, Murphy S, Kiss T. The 7SK snRNP associates with the little elongation complex to promote snRNA gene expression. EMBO J 2017; 36:934-948. [PMID: 28254838 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7SK small nuclear RNP (snRNP), composed of the 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA), MePCE, and Larp7, regulates the mRNA elongation capacity of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) through controlling the nuclear activity of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). Here, we demonstrate that the human 7SK snRNP also functions as a canonical transcription factor that, in collaboration with the little elongation complex (LEC) comprising ELL, Ice1, Ice2, and ZC3H8, promotes transcription of RNAPII-specific spliceosomal snRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes. The 7SK snRNA specifically associates with a fraction of RNAPII hyperphosphorylated at Ser5 and Ser7, which is a hallmark of RNAPII engaged in snRNA synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) experiments revealed enrichments for all components of the 7SK snRNP on RNAPII-specific sn/snoRNA genes. Depletion of 7SK snRNA or Larp7 disrupts LEC integrity, inhibits RNAPII recruitment to RNAPII-specific sn/snoRNA genes, and reduces nascent snRNA and snoRNA synthesis. Thus, through controlling both mRNA elongation and sn/snoRNA synthesis, the 7SK snRNP is a key regulator of nuclear RNA production by RNAPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Egloff
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Patrice Vitali
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raoul Raffel
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France .,Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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28
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Eichhorn CD, Chug R, Feigon J. hLARP7 C-terminal domain contains an xRRM that binds the 3' hairpin of 7SK RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9977-9989. [PMID: 27679474 PMCID: PMC5175362 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) sequesters and inactivates the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), an essential eukaryotic mRNA transcription factor. The human La-related protein group 7 (hLARP7) is a constitutive component of the 7SK snRNP and localizes to the 3' terminus of the 7SK long noncoding RNA. hLARP7, and in particular its C-terminal domain (CTD), is essential for 7SK RNA stability and assembly with P-TEFb. The hLARP7 N-terminal La module binds and protects the 3' end from degradation, but the structural and functional role of its CTD is unclear. We report the solution NMR structure of the hLARP7 CTD and show that this domain contains an xRRM, a class of atypical RRM first identified in the Tetrahymena thermophila telomerase LARP7 protein p65. The xRRM binds the 3' end of 7SK RNA at the top of stem-loop 4 (SL4) and interacts with both unpaired and base-paired nucleotides. This study confirms that the xRRM is general to the LARP7 family of proteins and defines the binding site for hLARP7 on the 7SK RNA, providing insight into function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Rahul Chug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Juli Feigon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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29
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Koso H, Yi H, Sheridan P, Miyano S, Ino Y, Todo T, Watanabe S. Identification of RNA-Binding Protein LARP4B as a Tumor Suppressor in Glioma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2254-64. [PMID: 26933087 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transposon-based insertional mutagenesis is a valuable method for conducting unbiased forward genetic screens to identify cancer genes in mice. We used this system to elucidate factors involved in the malignant transformation of neural stem cells into glioma-initiating cells. We identified an RNA-binding protein, La-related protein 4b (LARP4B), as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in glioma. LARP4B expression was consistently decreased in human glioma stem cells and cell lines compared with normal neural stem cells. Moreover, heterozygous deletion of LARP4B was detected in nearly 80% of glioblastomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. LARP4B loss was also associated with low expression and poor patient survival. Overexpression of LARP4B in glioma cell lines strongly inhibited proliferation by inducing mitotic arrest and apoptosis in four of six lines as well as in two patient-derived glioma stem cell populations. The expression levels of CDKN1A and BAX were also upregulated upon LARP4B overexpression, and the growth-inhibitory effects were partially dependent on p53 (TP53) activity in cells expressing wild-type, but not mutant, p53. We further found that the La module, which is responsible for the RNA chaperone activity of LARP4B, was important for the growth-suppressive effect and was associated with BAX mRNA. Finally, LARP4B depletion in p53 and Nf1-deficient mouse primary astrocytes promoted cell proliferation and led to increased tumor size and invasiveness in xenograft and orthotopic models. These data provide strong evidence that LARP4B serves as a tumor-suppressor gene in glioma, encouraging further exploration of the RNA targets potentially involved in LARP4B-mediatd growth inhibition. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2254-64. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Koso
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hungtsung Yi
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul Sheridan
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ino
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Xu L, Kong R, Zhu J, Sun H, Chang S. Unraveling the conformational determinants of LARP7 and 7SK small nuclear RNA by theoretical approaches. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2613-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
LARP7, a member of the La-related proteins (LARPs), shares a conserved La module comprising the La-motif (LAM) and the RNA-recognition motif (RRM1), binding exclusively to the non-coding RNA 7SK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- China
| | - Ren Kong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Jiangsu University of Technology
- Changzhou 213001
- China
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31
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Stavraka C, Blagden S. The La-Related Proteins, a Family with Connections to Cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2701-22. [PMID: 26501340 PMCID: PMC4693254 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily-conserved La-related protein (LARP) family currently comprises Genuine La, LARP1, LARP1b, LARP4, LARP4b, LARP6 and LARP7. Emerging evidence suggests each LARP has a distinct role in transcription and/or mRNA translation that is attributable to subtle sequence variations within their La modules and specific C-terminal domains. As emerging research uncovers the function of each LARP, it is evident that La, LARP1, LARP6, LARP7 and possibly LARP4a and 4b are dysregulated in cancer. Of these, LARP1 is the first to be demonstrated to drive oncogenesis. Here, we review the role of each LARP and the evidence linking it to malignancy. We discuss a future strategy of targeting members of this protein family as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chara Stavraka
- Ovarian Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
| | - Sarah Blagden
- Ovarian Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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32
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Mura M, Hopkins TG, Michael T, Abd-Latip N, Weir J, Aboagye E, Mauri F, Jameson C, Sturge J, Gabra H, Bushell M, Willis AE, Curry E, Blagden SP. LARP1 post-transcriptionally regulates mTOR and contributes to cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5025-36. [PMID: 25531318 PMCID: PMC4430325 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to and post-transcriptionally regulate the stability of mRNAs. La-related protein 1 (LARP1) is a conserved RBP that interacts with poly-A-binding protein and is known to regulate 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) mRNA translation. Here, we show that LARP1 is complexed to 3000 mRNAs enriched for cancer pathways. A prominent member of the LARP1 interactome is mTOR whose mRNA transcript is stabilized by LARP1. At a functional level, we show that LARP1 promotes cell migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we show that LARP1 expression is elevated in epithelial cancers such as cervical and non-small cell lung cancers, where its expression correlates with disease progression and adverse prognosis, respectively. We therefore conclude that, through the post-transcriptional regulation of genes such as mTOR within cancer pathways, LARP1 contributes to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mura
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - T G Hopkins
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - T Michael
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - N Abd-Latip
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - J Weir
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Aboagye
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - F Mauri
- Department of Histopathology, Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - C Jameson
- Department of Histopathology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Sturge
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- School of Biological, Biomedical & Environmental Sciences, The Allam Building, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - H Gabra
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - M Bushell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - E Curry
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - S P Blagden
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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33
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Uchikawa E, Natchiar KS, Han X, Proux F, Roblin P, Zhang E, Durand A, Klaholz BP, Dock-Bregeon AC. Structural insight into the mechanism of stabilization of the 7SK small nuclear RNA by LARP7. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:3373-88. [PMID: 25753663 PMCID: PMC4381077 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-coding RNA 7SK is the scaffold for a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SKsnRNP) which regulates the function of the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb in the control of RNA polymerase II elongation in metazoans. The La-related protein LARP7 is a component of the 7SKsnRNP required for stability and function of the RNA. To address the function of LARP7 we determined the crystal structure of its La module, which binds a stretch of uridines at the 3′-end of 7SK. The structure shows that the penultimate uridine is tethered by the two domains, the La-motif and the RNA-recognition motif (RRM1), and reveals that the RRM1 is significantly smaller and more exposed than in the La protein. Sequence analysis suggests that this impacts interaction with 7SK. Binding assays, footprinting and small-angle scattering experiments show that a second RRM domain located at the C-terminus binds the apical loop of the 3′ hairpin of 7SK, while the N-terminal domains bind at its foot. Our results suggest that LARP7 uses both its N- and C-terminal domains to stabilize 7SK in a closed structure, which forms by joining conserved sequences at the 5′-end with the foot of the 3′ hairpin and has thus functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Uchikawa
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67404 Illkirch, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kundhavai S Natchiar
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67404 Illkirch, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of functional genomics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), 75005 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University (ECNU), 200241 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Florence Proux
- Department of functional genomics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), 75005 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France INRA-URBIA, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Zhang
- Department of functional genomics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), 75005 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Durand
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67404 Illkirch, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno P Klaholz
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67404 Illkirch, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964, Illkirch, France Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Dock-Bregeon
- Department of functional genomics, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), 75005 Paris, France CNRS UMR 8197, 75005 Paris, France INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France
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34
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7SK small nuclear RNA inhibits cancer cell proliferation through apoptosis induction. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2809-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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35
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Fujinaga K, Luo Z, Schaufele F, Peterlin BM. Visualization of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) activation in living cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1829-36. [PMID: 25492871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of transcription elongation by positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) plays a central role in determining the state of cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. In cells, P-TEFb exists in active and inactive forms. Its release from the inactive 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex is a critical step for P-TEFb to activate transcription elongation. However, no good method exists to analyze this P-TEFb equilibrium in living cells. Only inaccurate and labor-intensive cell-free biochemical assays are currently available. In this study, we present the first experimental system to monitor P-TEFb activation in living cells. We created a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to detect interactions between P-TEFb and its substrate, the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. When cells were treated with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, which releases P-TEFb from the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, they turned green. Other known P-TEFb-releasing agents, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, bromodomain and extraterminal bromodomain inhibitors, and protein kinase C agonists, also scored positive in this assay. Finally, we identified 5'-azacytidine as a new P-TEFb-releasing agent. This release of P-TEFb correlated directly with activation of human HIV and HEXIM1 transcription. Thus, our visualization of P-TEFb activation by fluorescent complementation assay could be used to find new P-TEFb-releasing agents, compare different classes of agents, and assess their efficacy singly and/or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Fujinaga
- From the Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology and
| | - Zeping Luo
- From the Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology and
| | - Fred Schaufele
- the Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0703
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36
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Hu J, Wang S, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Zhang D, Chen J, Li J, Fei Q, Sun Y. Mechanism and biological significance of the overexpression of IFITM3 in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2648-56. [PMID: 25270246 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon‑induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has been recently identified as a potential molecular marker. IFITM3 has been reported to be upregulated in various human diseases, including colon and breast cancer, astrocytoma, as well as ulcerative colitis. However, the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of IFITM3 dysregulated expression in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be determined. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of IFITM3 in human gastric tumor cells and specimens and investigate the effects of IFITM3 knockdown in the regulation of GC growth and its potential mechanism. IFITM3 expression was significantly overexpressed in the GC cell lines and GC tissues compared with corresponding normal controls by RT‑qPCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, and this overexpression was correlated with tumor differentiation, lymph node and distant metastasis, and advanced tumor node metastasis stages. Furthermore, knockdown of IFITM3 expression suppressed tumor cell migration, invasion and proliferation significantly in vitro, arrested tumor cells at the G0/G1 phase and reduced the cell numbers in the S phase of the cell cycle. We preliminarily confirmed that IFITM3 can be mediated by the activities of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further investigation revealed that silencing of IFITM3 effectively reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and reduced the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Taken together, these data suggested that IFITM3 is a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qinhao Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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37
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lncRNA-AC130710 targeting by miR-129-5p is upregulated in gastric cancer and associates with poor prognosis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9701-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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38
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Yang X, Song JH, Cheng Y, Wu W, Bhagat T, Yu Y, Abraham JM, Ibrahim S, Ravich W, Roland BC, Khashab M, Singh VK, Shin EJ, Yang X, Verma AK, Meltzer SJ, Mori Y. Long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1 regulates proliferation and migration in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Gut 2014; 63:881-90. [PMID: 24000294 PMCID: PMC4612639 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to play important roles in the development and progression of cancer. However, functional lncRNAs and their downstream mechanisms are largely unknown in the molecular pathogenesis of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its progression. DESIGN lncRNAs that are abnormally upregulated in EACs were identified by RNA-sequencing analysis, followed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRTPCR) validation using tissues from 25 EAC patients. Cell biological assays in combination with small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown were performed in order to probe the functional relevance of these lncRNAs. RESULTS We discovered that a lncRNA, HNF1A-AS1, is markedly upregulated in human primary EACs relative to their corresponding normal oesophageal tissues (mean fold change 10.6, p<0.01). We further discovered that HNF1A-AS1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, suppressed S-phase entry, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in multiple in vitro EAC models (p<0.05). A gene ontological analysis revealed that HNF1A-AS1 knockdown preferentially affected genes that are linked to assembly of chromatin and the nucleosome, a mechanism essential to cell cycle progression. The well known cancer-related lncRNA, H19, was the gene most markedly inhibited by HNF1A-AS1 knockdown. Consistent to this finding, there was a significant positive correlation between HNF1A-AS1 and H19 expression in primary EACs (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS We have discovered abnormal upregulation of a lncRNA, HNF1A-AS1, in human EAC. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of HNF1A-AS1 participates in oesophageal tumorigenesis, and that this participation may be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of chromatin and nucleosome assembly as well as by H19 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jee Hoon Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tushar Bhagat
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yiting Yu
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - John M Abraham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sariat Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Ravich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bani Chander Roland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mouen Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eun Ji Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuriko Mori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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An integrative CGH, MSI and candidate genes methylation analysis of colorectal tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82185. [PMID: 24475022 PMCID: PMC3903472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different DNA aberrations processes can cause colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization of 27 CRCs from Iranian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Array CGH was performed. The MSI phenotype and the methylation status of 15 genes was established using MSP. The CGH data was compared to two established lists of 41 and 68 cancer genes, respectively, and to CGH data from African Americans. A maximum parsimony cladogram based on global aberrations was established. RESULTS The number of aberrations seem to depend on the MSI status. MSI-H tumors displayed the lowest number of aberrations. MSP revealed that most markers were methylated, except RNF182 gene. P16 and MLH1 genes were primarily methylated in MSI-H tumors. Seven markers with moderate to high frequency of methylation (SYNE1, MMP2, CD109, EVL, RET, LGR and PTPRD) had very low levels of chromosomal aberrations. All chromosomes were targeted by aberrations with deletions more frequent than amplifications. The most amplified markers were CD248, ERCC6, ERGIC3, GNAS, MMP2, NF1, P2RX7, SFRS6, SLC29A1 and TBX22. Most deletions were noted for ADAM29, CHL1, CSMD3, FBXW7, GALNS, MMP2, NF1, PRKD1, SMAD4 and TP53. Aberrations targeting chromosome X were primarily amplifications in male patients and deletions in female patients. A finding similar to what we reported for African American CRC patients. CONCLUSION This first comprehensive analysis of CRC Iranian tumors reveals a high MSI rate. The MSI tumors displayed the lowest level of chromosomal aberrations but high frequency of methylation. The MSI-L were predominantly targeted with chromosomal instability in a way similar to the MSS tumors. The global chromosomal aberration profiles showed many similarities with other populations but also differences that might allow a better understanding of CRC's clinico-pathological specifics in this population.
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Chen J, Hu J, Wang S, Sun Y. Role of long non-coding RNA HULC in cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor metastasis of gastric cancer: a clinical and in vitro investigation. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:358-64. [PMID: 24247585 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key molecules in human cancer. Highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), an lncRNA, has recently been revealed to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression. It remains unclear, however, whether HULC plays an oncogenic role in human gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, we demonstrated that HULC was significantly overexpressed in GC cell lines and GC tissues compared with normal controls, and this overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced tumor node metastasis stages. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic values and the area under the ROC curve of HULC was up to 0.769. To uncover its functional importance, gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to evaluate the effect of HULC on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in vitro. Overexpression of HULC promoted proliferation and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells, while knockdown of HULC in SGC7901 cells showed the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we discovered that overexpression of HULC could induce patterns of autophagy in SGC7901 cells; more importantly, autophagy inhibition increased overexpression of HULC cell apoptosis. We also determined that silencing of HULC effectively reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In summary, our results suggest that HULC may play an important role in the growth and tumorigenesis of human GC, which provides us with a new biomarker in GC and perhaps a potential target for GC prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Guo
- Biochemistry Department, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Song H, Sun W, Ye G, Ding X, Liu Z, Zhang S, Xia T, Xiao B, Xi Y, Guo J. Long non-coding RNA expression profile in human gastric cancer and its clinical significances. J Transl Med 2013; 11:225. [PMID: 24063685 PMCID: PMC3848969 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prevalently transcribed in the genome yet their potential roles in human cancers are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the lncRNA expression profile in gastric cancer and its potential clinical value. Methods The global lncRNA expression profile in gastric cancer was measured by lncRNA microarray. Levels of two representative lncRNAs, H19 and uc001lsz, were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between their levels and clinicopathological factors of patients with gastric cancer was explored. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed for differentiating gastric cancer from benign gastric diseases. Results Total of 135 lncRNAs, which differential expression levels between tumor and non-tumorous tissues were more than twofold, were found (GEO No. GSE47850). The most down-regulated lncRNAs in gastric cancer tissues were FER1L4, uc001lsz, BG491697, AF131784, uc009ycs, BG981369, AF147447, HMlincRNA1600, and AK054588; while the most up-regulated ones were H19, HMlincRNA717, BM709340, BQ213083, AK054978, and DB077273. H19 was found highly expressed in stomach and liver cancer cell lines, while lowly expressed in lung cancer and prostate cancer cell lines. Uc001lsz was lowly expressed in gastric, lung and liver cancer cell lines, while highly expressed in prostate cancer. The areas under ROC curves were up to 0.613, 0.751, and 0.761 for H19, uc001lsz, and the combination, respectively. Conclusions The lncRNA expression profile in gastric cancer suggests the potential roles of lncRNAs in gastric cancer occurrence and development. The overexpression of H19 in gastric cancer suggests that H19 may be participated in gastric cancer. The reduced expression of uc001lsz in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, its associations with TNM stage, and its dysregulation in early cancer and precancerous lesions suggest that uc001lsz may be a potential marker for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process, in which infection with Helicobacter pylori plays a major role. Additionally, environmental factors as well as genetic susceptibility factors are significant players in gastric cancer (GC) etiology. Gastric cancer development results from the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes during the lifetime of the cancer patient that will activate oncogenic and/or inactivate tumor-suppressor pathways. Numerous studies published last year provided new insights into the molecular phenotypes of GC, which will be the main focus of this review. This article also reviews the recent findings on GC tumor-suppressor genes, including putative novel genes. The understanding of the basic mechanisms that underlie gastric carcinogenesis will be of utmost importance for developing strategies of screening, early detection, and treatment of the disease, as most GC patients present with late-stage disease and have poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceu Figueiredo
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Li CH, Chen Y. Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancers: Progress and prospects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1895-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Porpaczy E, Tauber S, Bilban M, Kostner G, Gruber M, Eder S, Heintel D, Le T, Fleiss K, Skrabs C, Shehata M, Jäger U, Vanura K. Lipoprotein lipase in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia - strong biomarker with lack of functional significance. Leuk Res 2013; 37:631-6. [PMID: 23478142 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA overexpression is an established poor prognostic marker, its function, however, is poorly understood. Measuring extracellular LPL enzymatic activity and protein, we found no difference between levels in CLL patients and those of controls, both before and after heparin treatment in vivo and in vitro. Investigating LPL knock down effects, we determined five potential downstream targets, of which one gene, STXBP3, reportedly is involved in fatty acid metabolism. While possibly reflecting an epigenetic switch towards an incorrect transcriptional program, LPL overexpression by itself does not appear to significantly influence CLL cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Porpaczy
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Muniz L, Egloff S, Kiss T. RNA elements directing in vivo assembly of the 7SK/MePCE/Larp7 transcriptional regulatory snRNP. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:4686-98. [PMID: 23471002 PMCID: PMC3632141 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Through controlling the nuclear level of active positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), the 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA) functions as a key regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription. Together with hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible proteins 1/2 (HEXIM1/2), the 7SK snRNA sequesters P-TEFb into transcriptionally inactive ribonucleoprotein (RNP). In response to transcriptional stimulation, the 7SK/HEXIM/P-TEFb RNP releases P-TEFb to promote polymerase II-mediated messenger RNA synthesis. Besides transiently associating with HEXIM1/2 and P-TEFb, the 7SK snRNA stably interacts with the La-related protein 7 (Larp7) and the methylphosphate capping enzyme (MePCE). In this study, we used in vivo RNA–protein interaction assays to determine the sequence and structural elements of human 7SK snRNA directing assembly of the 7SK/MePCE/Larp7 core snRNP. MePCE interacts with the short 5′-terminal G1-U4/U106-G111 helix-tail motif and Larp7 binds to the 3′-terminal hairpin and the following U-rich tail of 7SK. The overall RNA structure and some particular nucleotides provide the information for specific binding of MePCE and Larp7. We also demonstrate that binding of Larp7 to 7SK is a prerequisite for in vivo recruitment of P-TEFb, indicating that besides providing stability for 7SK, Larp7 directly participates in P-TEFb regulation. Our results provide further explanation for the frequently observed link between Larp7 mutations and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Muniz
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote du CNRS, UMR5099, IFR109 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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