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Ahmed H, Paterson I, Aziz SA, Cremona O, Robinson M, Carrozzo M, Valentine RA. Expression of Epsin3 and its interaction with Notch signalling in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2023; 52:710-717. [PMID: 37339783 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most oral squamous cell carcinoma patients present with late-stage disease. Early detection of the disease is considered to be the most effective way of improving patient outcomes. Several biomarkers have been identified as indicators of oral cancer development and progression; however, none have been translated into clinical practice. In this study, we have investigated the role of Epsin3, an endocytic adaptor protein, and Notch1, a transmembrane signalling protein, in oral carcinogenesis with a view to explore their potential as biomarkers. METHODS Oral cancer cell lines and a normal oral keratinocyte cell line were used together with tissue samples of normal oral mucosa (n = 21), oral epithelial dysplasia (n = 74) and early stage (Stages I and II) oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 31). Immunocytochemical staining, immunoblotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to assess protein as well as gene expression levels. RESULTS The expression levels of Epsin3 and Notch1 mRNA and protein are variable across different oral squamous cell carcinoma derived cell lines. Epsin3 was upregulated in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal epithelium. Overexpression of Epsin3 resulted in a significant reduction of Notch1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Notch1 was generally downregulated in the dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. CONCLUSION Epsin3 is upregulated in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma and has the potential to be used as a biomarker for oral epithelial dysplasia. Notch signalling is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma, possibly through an Epsin3-induced de-activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Ahmed
- Translational Oral Biosciences Laboratory, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Paterson
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sadat A Aziz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Reginal Government, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Max Robinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary Queen, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marco Carrozzo
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- Nutrition, Lifestyle and Metabolism Theme, School of Dental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Wen T, Wang W, Chen X. Recent advances in esophageal squamous cell precancerous conditions: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32192. [PMID: 36550838 PMCID: PMC9771210 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer in many developing countries in Asia and Africa, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced age when there is no effective treatment strategy. Esophageal precancerous conditions have a much better prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90% by endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, limitations, contraindications, and lymph node metastasis incompetency of endoscopy. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions remain a significant challenge. Biomarker investigations provide opportunities for target detection and therapy. Additionally, drug development is ongoing. Changes in lifestyle habits, such as diet balance, smoking and alcohol cessation, are beneficial for the prognosis of esophageal precancerous lesions. Collectively, multiple and sequential diagnoses and treatments are essential for curing esophageal precancerous lesions and reducing the incidence and mortality of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wen
- Pharmacy Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Pharmacy Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
- * Correspondence: Xinran Chen, Pharmacy Department, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, PR China (e-mail: )
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Therapeutic Vaccines for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal and Cervical Cancer: The Next De-Intensification Strategy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158395. [PMID: 35955529 PMCID: PMC9368783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has prompted a quest for further understanding of the role of high-risk HPV in tumor initiation and progression. Patients with HPV-positive OPSCC (HPV+ OPSCC) have better prognoses than their HPV-negative counterparts; however, current therapeutic strategies for HPV+ OPSCC are overly aggressive and leave patients with life-long sequalae and poor quality of life. This highlights a need for customized treatment. Several clinical trials of treatment de-intensification to reduce acute and late toxicity without compromising efficacy have been conducted. This article reviews the differences and similarities in the pathogenesis and progression of HPV-related OPSCC compared to cervical cancer, with emphasis on the role of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines as a potential de-intensification treatment strategy. Overall, the future development of novel and effective therapeutic agents for HPV-associated head and neck tumors promises to meet the challenges posed by this growing epidemic.
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The Balance between Differentiation and Terminal Differentiation Maintains Oral Epithelial Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205123. [PMID: 34680271 PMCID: PMC8534139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer affecting the oral cavity represents the most common cancer of the head and neck region. Oral cancer develops in a multistep process in which normal cells gradually accumulate genetic and epigenetic modifications to evolve into a malignant disease. Mortality for oral cancer patients is high and morbidity has a significant long-term impact on the health and wellbeing of affected individuals, typically resulting in facial disfigurement and a loss of the ability to speak, chew, taste, and swallow. The limited scope to which current treatments are able to control oral cancer underlines the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the molecular differences between oral cell proliferation, differentiation and terminal differentiation, defines terminal differentiation as an important tumour suppressive mechanism and establishes a rationale for clinical investigation of differentiation-paired therapies that may improve outcomes in oral cancer. Abstract The oral epithelium is one of the fastest repairing and continuously renewing tissues. Stem cell activation within the basal layer of the oral epithelium fuels the rapid proliferation of multipotent progenitors. Stem cells first undergo asymmetric cell division that requires tightly controlled and orchestrated differentiation networks to maintain the pool of stem cells while producing progenitors fated for differentiation. Rapidly expanding progenitors subsequently commit to advanced differentiation programs towards terminal differentiation, a process that regulates the structural integrity and homeostasis of the oral epithelium. Therefore, the balance between differentiation and terminal differentiation of stem cells and their progeny ensures progenitors commitment to terminal differentiation and prevents epithelial transformation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A recent comprehensive molecular characterization of OSCC revealed that a disruption of terminal differentiation factors is indeed a common OSCC event and is superior to oncogenic activation. Here, we discuss the role of differentiation and terminal differentiation in maintaining oral epithelial homeostasis and define terminal differentiation as a critical tumour suppressive mechanism. We further highlight factors with crucial terminal differentiation functions and detail the underlying consequences of their loss. Switching on terminal differentiation in differentiated progenitors is likely to represent an extremely promising novel avenue that may improve therapeutic interventions against OSCC.
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Prognostic Implications of ALDH1 and Notch1 in Different Subtypes of Oral Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6663720. [PMID: 33854547 PMCID: PMC8020805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of the immunoexpression of cancer stem cell markers, ALDH1 and Notch1, in subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods The expression of ALDH1 and Notch1 in 63 patients with well and poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas and their subtypes, verrucous carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The semi-quantitative analysis of the ALDH1 and Notch immunoexpression levels, based on the capture of 10 microscopic fields, at 400X magnification, at the invasive tumor front was performed and associated with clinicopathological variables using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The overall and disease-free survival rates were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and the curves were compared using the log-rank test. The independent effects of variables were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Results Strong ALDH1 and Notch1 expression was observed in 16 (25.4%) and 27 (42.9%) oral squamous cell carcinomas including their subtypes, respectively. Most tumors with strong immunoexpression of ALDH1 were basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (56.3%). Statistically significant associations were observed between the strong immunoexpression of Notch1 in poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma with perineural infiltration (p = 0.011) and lymph node involvement (pN+) (p = 0.034). The strong immunoexpression of ALDH1 was a prognostic factor associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.040) for patients with oral cancer. Conclusion The strong immunoexpression of Notch1 can contribute to identification of patients with poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, who have perineural infiltration or lymph node metastasis. In addition, the strong immunoexpression of ALDH1 may help to identify a worse prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and their subtypes.
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Krishnamurthy K, Lindsey AM, Estrada CA, Martinez CC, Cusnir M, Schwartz M, Sriganeshan V, Poppiti R. Title- Genomic landscape of squamous cell carcinoma- Different genetic pathways culminating in a common phenotype. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100238. [PMID: 33260028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) are the most common solid tumors in humans and are found across multiple organ systems. Although, integrated analysis of genetic alterations divulge similarities between SqCCs from various body sites, certain genes appear to be more frequently mutated in a given SqCC. These subtle differences may hold the key to determining the differentiation characteristics and predicting aggressiveness of tumors. MATERIALS AND METHOD Fifty-four cases of SqCCs, in which the primary location of the tumor could be ascertained by clinical and radiological findings, were included in this study. Next generation sequencing data was analyzed for recurrent genetic abnormalities. RESULTS Genetic alterations were found in 219 genes in the 54 cases studied. TP53 mutations were found to be more frequent in pulmonary SqCCs (86.5%) as compared to non-pulmonary SqCCs (58.8%) (p<0.05). NOTCH gene family mutations and CREBBP mutations were limited to non-pulmonary SqCC (p<0.005) and were mutated in 41.2% and 17.6% cases. CONCLUSION A detailed comparative analysis of the genetic alterations identified by sequencing identified higher frequency of TP53 mutations in lung SqCCs as compared to non-pulmonary SqCCs. NOTCH and CREBPP mutations were found to be absent in lung and head and neck SqCCs and more frequent in SqCCs from other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Krishnamurthy
- A.M. Rywlin, MD Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States.
| | - Allison M Lindsey
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Christie-Anne Estrada
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Camila C Martinez
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Mike Cusnir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
| | - Michael Schwartz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States
| | - Vathany Sriganeshan
- A.M. Rywlin, MD Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States; Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Robert Poppiti
- A.M. Rywlin, MD Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States; Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Zhang Y, Zeng F, Han X, Weng J, Gao Y. Lineage tracing: technology tool for exploring the development, regeneration, and disease of the digestive system. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 33059752 PMCID: PMC7559019 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage tracing is the most widely used technique to track the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of specific cells in vivo. The currently available gene-targeting technologies have been developing for decades to study organogenesis, tissue injury repairing, and tumor progression by tracing the fates of individual cells. Recently, lineage tracing has expanded the platforms available for disease model establishment, drug screening, cell plasticity research, and personalized medicine development in a molecular and cellular biology perspective. Lineage tracing provides new views for exploring digestive organ development and regeneration and techniques for digestive disease causes and progression. This review focuses on the lineage tracing technology and its application in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanhong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Aali M, Mesgarzadeh AH, Najjary S, Abdolahi HM, Kojabad AB, Baradaran B. Evaluating the role of microRNAs alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2020; 757:144936. [PMID: 32640301 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for nearly 90 percent of oral cavity malignancies and is one of the most widespread oral cancers in the world. The microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have an important role in cellular processes comprising cell cycle, differentiation, and also apoptosis. MiRNAs are also implicated in the progression of cancers, including OSCC, through a variety of signaling pathways. One of the most significant signaling pathways in OSCC is the PI3K / Akt pathway that has been illustrated to be under the tight regulation of miRNAs. Deregulation or activation of the PI3K / Akt pathway due to mutations has been revealed to be implicated in the development of oral cancer. According to studies, more than 47% of HNSCC and around 38% of OSCC samples indicate at least one molecular alteration in this signaling pathway. The potential of miRNAs for their use as therapeutic tools in the diagnosis as well as treatment of numerous diseases have been confirmed. In the current review, we summarize miRNAs and their possible mechanisms as well as their functions in OSCC advancement and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Aali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mashhadi Abdolahi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Li L, Xu Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Deng S, Yu X, Cong B, Wang W. Effects of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Dysplastic Oral Keratinocyte and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20921681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence, rapid progress, and high mortality. There are still some defects in the treatments of OSCC, which seriously affect the quality of patients’ life. Therefore, it is urgent to find a safer and more effective treatment for OSCC. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has various biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic, and has no obvious side effects, but the effect of LMWF on OSCC has not been reported. In this study, the effects of LMWF on dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) and OSCC cells SCC-9 and SCC-25 were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL, colony formation, and wound healing assay, and the expression levels of Notch-1 and Jagged-1 treated with LMWF were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that LMWF could inhibit the proliferation and migration of DOK and SCC-9, and promote apoptosis. Low molecular weight fucoidan upregulated the expression of Notch-1 and Jagged-1 in DOK and SCC-9 cells. It indicated that LMWF might promote the apoptosis of DOK and SCC-9 by upregulating the Notch signal pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and playing an antitumor role. It provided theoretical basis to develop LMWF as a novel therapeutic drug for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- School of Stomatology of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjia Liu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Songsong Deng
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Shandong, China
| | - Xixi Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Beibei Cong
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Shandong, China
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Analysis of head and neck carcinoma progression reveals novel and relevant stage-specific changes associated with immortalisation and malignancy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11992. [PMID: 31427592 PMCID: PMC6700135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report changes in the genomic landscape in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas HNSCC from potentially premalignant lesions (PPOLS) to malignancy and lymph node metastases. Likely pathological mutations predominantly involved a relatively small set of genes reported previously (TP53, KMT2D, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, NOTCH1 and FAT1) but also other predicted cancer drivers (MGA, PABPC3, NR4A2, NCOR1 and MACF1). Notably, all these mutations arise early and are present in PPOLs. The most frequent genetic changes, which follow acquisition of immortality and loss of senescence, are of consistent somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) involving chromosomal regions enriched for genes in known and previously unreported cancer-related pathways. We mapped the evolution of SCNAs in HNSCC progression. One of the earliest SCNAs involved deletions of CSMD1 (8p23.2). CSMD1 deletions or promoter hypermethylation were present in all of the immortal PPOLs and occurred at high frequency in the immortal HNSCC cell lines. Modulation of CSMD1 in cell lines revealed significant suppression of proliferation and invasion by forced expression, and significant stimulation of invasion by knockdown of expression. Known cancer drivers NOTCH1, PPP6C, RAC1, EIF4G1, PIK3CA showed significant increase in frequency of SCNA in transition from PPOLs to HNSCC that correlated with their expression. In the later stages of progression, HNSCC with and without nodal metastases showed some clear differences including high copy number gains of CCND1, hsa-miR-548k and TP63 in the metastases group.
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11
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Alshaer W, Alqudah DA, Wehaibi S, Abuarqoub D, Zihlif M, Hatmal MM, Awidi A. Downregulation of STAT3, β-Catenin, and Notch-1 by Single and Combinations of siRNA Treatment Enhance Chemosensitivity of Wild Type and Doxorubicin Resistant MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153696. [PMID: 31357721 PMCID: PMC6696135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial therapeutic strategies using siRNA and small molecules to eradicate tumors are emerging. Targeting multiple signaling pathways decreases the chances of cancer cells switching and adapting new signaling processes that may occur when using a single therapeutic modality. Aberrant functioning of Notch-1, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT3 proteins and their crosstalk signaling pathways have been found to be involved in tumor survival, drug resistance, and relapse. In the current study, we describe a therapeutic potential of single and combinations of siRNA designed for silencing Notch-1, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT3 in MCF7_DoxS (wild type) and MCF7_DoxR (doxorubicin resistant) breast cancer cells. The MCF7_DoxR cells were developed through treatment with a gradual increase in doxorubicin concentration, the expression of targeted genes was investigated, and the expression profiling of CD44/CD24 of the MCF7_DoxS and MCF7_DoxR cells were detected by flow cytometry. Both MCF7_DoxS and MCF7_DoxR breast cancer cells were treated with single and combinations of siRNA to investigate synergism and were analyzed for their effect on cell proliferation with and without doxorubicin treatment. The finding of this study showed the overexpression of targeted genes and the enrichment of the CD44−/CD24+ phenotype in MCF7_DoxR cells when compared to MCF7_DoxS cells. In both cell lines, the gene silencing efficacy showed a synergistic effect when combining STAT3/Notch-1 and STAT3/Notch-1/β-catenin siRNA. Interestingly, the chemosensitivity of MCF7_DoxS and MCF7_DoxR cells to doxorubicin was increased when combined with siRNA treatment. Our study shows the possibility of using single and combinations of siRNA to enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells to conventional antitumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Dana A Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ma'mon M Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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12
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Kujan O, Huang G, Ravindran A, Vijayan M, Farah CS. CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and Notch1 immunocytochemical expression of oral brush liquid-based cytology for the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:566-573. [PMID: 31172614 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using oral liquid-based brush cytology (OLBC) coupled with immunocytochemistry as a minimally invasive approach to stratify the cancer risk in patients with oral leukoplakia. METHODS Fifty-five patients diagnosed with either oral leukoplakia (OLK) or oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were recruited. All patients underwent oral brush biopsy followed by surgical biopsy. 275 liquid-based cytology preparations were made. Pap-stained OLBC slides were assessed using the modified 2014 Bethesda Cytology system. The expression of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and Notch 1 was immunocytochemically analysed and compared against the histopathological diagnosis. A combined index score of OLBC grading and protein expression was calculated. RESULTS A significant association was found between the definitive histopathological diagnosis and the cytological interpretation (P = 0.0005). The index scores of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1 were significantly associated with the development of disease from non-dysplastic epithelium to OSCC. No significant association was observed between the Notch 1 index score and disease stage. The diagnostic accuracy of OLBC showed the highest values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy: 84.6%, 70.4%, 73.3%, 82.6%, and 78.8%, respectively, compared with the cumulative protein index, CDK4/6 index, and the combined OLBC grading and CDK4/6 index. CONCLUSION This study has also demonstrated the efficacy of the use of OLBC in the detection of OED and OSCC, and showed that the use of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and Notch 1 immunocytochemistry failed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of OLBC suggesting they are not useful in the early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Huang
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashwati Ravindran
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monisha Vijayan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Martincorena I, Fowler JC, Wabik A, Lawson ARJ, Abascal F, Hall MWJ, Cagan A, Murai K, Mahbubani K, Stratton MR, Fitzgerald RC, Handford PA, Campbell PJ, Saeb-Parsy K, Jones PH. Somatic mutant clones colonize the human esophagus with age. Science 2018; 362:911-917. [PMID: 30337457 PMCID: PMC6298579 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which cells in normal tissues accumulate mutations throughout life is poorly understood. Some mutant cells expand into clones that can be detected by genome sequencing. We mapped mutant clones in normal esophageal epithelium from nine donors (age range, 20 to 75 years). Somatic mutations accumulated with age and were caused mainly by intrinsic mutational processes. We found strong positive selection of clones carrying mutations in 14 cancer genes, with tens to hundreds of clones per square centimeter. In middle-aged and elderly donors, clones with cancer-associated mutations covered much of the epithelium, with NOTCH1 and TP53 mutations affecting 12 to 80% and 2 to 37% of cells, respectively. Unexpectedly, the prevalence of NOTCH1 mutations in normal esophagus was several times higher than in esophageal cancers. These findings have implications for our understanding of cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna C Fowler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Agnieszka Wabik
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Michael W J Hall
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Alex Cagan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kasumi Murai
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Krishnaa Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Penny A Handford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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14
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Karagianni F, Kataki A, Koniaris E, Karamagkiolas S, Derventzi A, Giotakis E, Konstandoulakis M, Zografos G, Giotakis I. Distinctive expression profiles of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 protein in patients with nasal polyps or sinonasal inverted papillomas. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:2004-2010. [PMID: 30297114 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyposis (NP) and sinonasal inverted papillomas (SIP) are considered benign lesions capable of recurrence or malignant transformation although not with the same prevalence. Since fluctuations of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 proteins expression have been reported in many pathologies, the current study aimed to investigate their involvement in the epithelial transformation observed in SIPs compared to NP. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 proteins was assessed in 104 patients with sinonasal lesions (45 NP, 45 SIP and 14 NP with SIP), semiquantively (percentage times intensity). Proteins expression profiles were evaluated statistically for their correlation with patients demographic and clinicopathological variables (grade of dysplasia, inflammation, recurrence) as well as with markers of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (7-AAD) as determined by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS SIP lesions presented increased Caveolin-1 immunopositivity compared to NP (62.2%, vs 40.9%; p = 0.045). Cytoplasmic staining was observed only in epithelium's basal and suprabasal layers. Caveolin-1 positivity was not related to Ki67 expression, apoptosis, inflammation or dysplasia, eventhough 81.8% of highly immunopositive lesions were dysplastic (p = 0.03). Also, smokers presented significantly increased immunopositivy (p = 0.03). In contrast SIP lesions presented reduced Notch-1 expression compared to NP (68.9% vs 100%; p < 0.001). Dysplastic lesions presented low Notch-1 immunopositivity (p < 0.001). Enhancement of Notch-1 gene expression was also associated with inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The herein presented data suggest that the expression profiles of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 proteins in sinonasal pathologies are distinctive and that could be explored as potential targets for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Karagianni
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Agapi Kataki
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eythymios Koniaris
- Department of Pathology-Anatomy, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Karamagkiolas
- 1st Department of Otolaryngology, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Derventzi
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Giotakis
- 1st Department of Otolaryngology, Hippocration Hospital of Athens, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Konstandoulakis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giotakis
- 2nd Otolaryngology Department, 'Attikon' University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Chiappara G, Sciarrino S, Di Sano C, Gallina S, Speciale R, Lorusso F, Di Vincenzo S, D'Anna C, Bruno A, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. Notch-1 signaling activation sustains overexpression of interleukin 33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4582-4596. [PMID: 30259982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the nasal epithelial barrier homeostasis and increased interleukin 33 (IL-33) expression contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). AIMS As Notch-1 signaling is crucial in repair processes of mucosa, the current study assessed Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling and IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps biopsies from allergic (A-CRSwNP; n = 9) and not allergic (NA-CRSwNP; n = 9) subjects by immunohistochemistry. We also assessed, in a model of nasal epithelial cells, the effects of stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 on the expression of IL-33 (by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemistry), Jagged-1 (by flow cytometry), and p-CREB transcription factor (by western blot analysis). RESULTS Ex vivo (a) in normal epithelium, the expression of Notch-1 and IL-33 were higher in NA-CRSwNP than in A-CRSwNP; (b) in metaplastic epithelium, the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and IL-33 were higher in NA-CRSwNP than in A-CRSwNP; (c) in hyperplastic epithelium, the expression of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and IL-33 were higher in A-CRSwNP than in NA-CRSwNP; and (d) in basal epithelial cells, no differences were observed in the expression of Jagged-1, IL-33, and Notch-1. The expression of Notch-1 significantly correlated with the expression of IL-33. In vitro, stimulation of Notch-1 with Jagged-1 induced the expression of (a) Jagged-1; (b) IL-33; and (c) p-CREB transcription factor. The inhibitor of Notch-1, DAPT, reduced all the effects of Jagged-1 on nasal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The data herein provided support, for the first time, a putative role of Notch-1/Jagged-1 signaling in the overexpression of IL-33 in the epithelium of nasal polyps from patients with CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiappara
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Sciarrino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Di Sano
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Gallina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Speciale
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Lorusso
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - C D'Anna
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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16
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Loss of Notch1 predisposes oro-esophageal epithelium to tumorigenesis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:129-140. [PMID: 30266659 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling functions in diverse developmental and homeostatic processes, including stem cell self-renewal and cell fate determination. Notch1-inactivating mutations are frequently detected in skin and oro-esophageal cancers, suggesting a role for Notch1 as a tumor suppressor. Here, we clarify the contribution of Notch1 deficiency to oro-esophageal tumorigenesis using a physiological experimental model. Tongue and esophageal tumors induced in mice by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) showed pathophysiological similarities to human tumors, including decreased Notch1 expression in the basal cells. We created mutant mice (N1cKO), in which the Notch1 gene was disrupted specifically in the squamous epithelium. The epithelium formed normally in N1cKO mice, and although multiple skin tumors were detected at 65 weeks, no tumors developed in the tongue and esophagus. However, 4-NQO-induced tumorigenesis assays revealed that tumor onset occurred earlier in N1cKO mice than in wild-type littermates, and the tumors arose preferentially from the Notch1-negative epithelium, indicating the tumor susceptibility of Notch1-deficient epithelium. Notch1 regulates the expression of TERT, and age-related telomere erosion was more rapid in Notch1-deficient basal cells. Our results indicated that although Notch1 deficiency had little effect on squamous epithelium formation, it predisposed the affected epithelium to tumor development, at least in part through accelerated telomere erosion.
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17
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Ma S, Paiboonrungruan C, Yan T, Williams KP, Major MB, Chen XL. Targeted therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the NRF2 signaling pathway as target. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1434:164-172. [PMID: 29752726 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease that requires extensive research. Here, we review the current understanding of the functions of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway in the esophagus. Genomic data suggest that gene mutations and several other mechanisms result in NRF2 hyperactivation in human ESCC. As a consequence, NRF2high ESCC is more resistant to chemoradiotherapy and associated with poorer survival than NRF2low ESCC. Mechanistically, we believe NRF2, functioning as a transcription factor, causes an esophageal phenotype through regulation of gene transcription. We discuss metabolism, mitochondria, proteasomes, and several signaling pathways as downstream players that may contribute to an esophageal phenotype due to NRF2 hyperactivation. Finally, strategies are proposed to target the NRF2 signaling pathway for therapy of NRF2high ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chorlada Paiboonrungruan
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tiansheng Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin P Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Ben Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiaoxin Luke Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Esophageal Disease and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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18
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Ding X, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Dong Y, Chen W, Li J, Chu W, Zhang W, Zhong Y, Mao L, Song X, Wu Y. Expression and oncogenic properties of membranous Notch1 in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2584-2594. [PMID: 29620248 PMCID: PMC5983926 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1 signaling is essential for tissue development and tumor progression. This signaling pathway has also been implicated in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the role of Notch1 expression in OL and its malignant transformation is unknown. This study aimed to examine the Notch1 expression patterns by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of 78 Chinese patients with OL and to analyze the relationship between the patterns and progression of OL to OSCC. Strong Notch1 staining was observed in 10 (13%) of the 78 OL patients, but it was not associated with any of the clinicopathological parameters. However, we observed membranous Notch1 expression in 24 (31%) of the OL samples. Membranous Notch1 expression was significantly associated with the severity of dysplasia (P<0.001) and development of OSCC (P=0.003). By multivariate analysis, membranous Notch1 expression was found to be the only independent factor for OSCC development in the patient population (P=0.019). Among the 24 patients with membranous Notch1 expression, 11 (46%) developed OSCC compared to 8 (15%) of the 54 patients without such expression (P=0.001, determined by log‑rank test). Furthermore, we established a 4‑nitroquinoline‑1‑oxide (4NQO)‑induced murine OSCC model and studied the Notch1 expression patterns in different stages of carcinogenesis. We observed that the extent of expression of membranous Notch1 increased during carcinogenesis. These data indicated a relationship between membranous Notch1 expression and OSCC risk in patients with OL and suggested that membranous Notch1 served as a biomarker for assessing OSCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Chu
- Department of Stomatology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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19
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Na+/H+ exchanger 1 has tumor suppressive activity and prognostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2209-2223. [PMID: 27902974 PMCID: PMC5356793 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) is a plasma membrane transporter that controls intracellular pH and regulates apoptosis and invasion in various cancer cells. However, the function of NHE1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and the relationship between the expression of NHE1 and prognosis of ESCC remain unclear. We found that the knockdown of NHE1 in ESCC cells inhibited apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and showed increases in Snail, β-catenin, and activation of PI3K-AKT signaling, which was consistent with the results obtained from microarrays. Microarrays results suggested that the knockdown of NHE1 suppressed Notch signaling pathway. An immunohistochemical investigation of 61 primary ESCC samples revealed that NHE1 was expressed at higher levels in well-differentiated tumors. The 5-year survival rate was poorer in the NHE1 low group (57.0%) than in the NHE1 high group (82.8%). Multivariate analyses revealed that the weak expression of NHE1 was associated with shorter postoperative survival (hazard ratio 3.570, 95% CI 1.291-11.484, p = 0.0135).We herein demonstrated that the suppression of NHE1 in ESCC may enhance malignant potential by mediating PI3K-AKT signaling and EMT via Notch signaling, and may be related to a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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20
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uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 in head and neck cancer: role in tumor resistance, metastasis, prognosis and therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57351-57366. [PMID: 27385000 PMCID: PMC5302994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence supporting the role of the plasminogen activator system in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly of its uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator) / uPAR (urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) and SERPINE1 components. Overexpression of uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 enhances tumor cell migration and invasion and plays a key role in metastasis development, conferring poor prognosis. The apparent paradox of uPA/uPAR and its inhibitor SERPINE1 producing similar effects is solved by the identification of SERPINE1 activated signaling pathways independent of uPA inhibition. Both uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 are directly linked to the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the acquisition of stem cell properties and resistance to antitumor agents. The aim of this review is to provide insight on the deregulation of these proteins in all these processes. We also summarize their potential value as prognostic biomarkers or potential drug targets in HNSCC patients. Concomitant overexpression of uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1 is associated with a higher risk of metastasis and could be used to identify patients that would benefit from an adjuvant treatment. In the future, the specific inhibitors of uPA/uPAR and SERPINE1, which are still under development, could be used to design new therapeutic strategies in HNSCCs.
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21
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Fan H, Paiboonrungruan C, Zhang X, Prigge JR, Schmidt EE, Sun Z, Chen X. Nrf2 regulates cellular behaviors and Notch signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:833-839. [PMID: 28821430 PMCID: PMC6037169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to play a pivotal role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We have demonstrated that activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway has chemopreventive effects against oxidative stress-associated OSCC. However, Nrf2 have dual roles in cancer development; while it prevents carcinogenesis of normal cells, hyperactive Nrf2 also promotes the survival of cancer cells. This study is aimed to understand the function of Nrf2 in regulating cellular behaviors of OSCC cells, and the potential mechanisms through which Nrf2 facilitates OSCC. We established the Nrf2-overexpressing and Nrf2-knockdown OSCC cell lines, and examined the function of Nrf2 in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and colony formation. Our data showed that Nrf2 overexpression promoted cancer phenotypes in OSCC cells, whereas Nrf2 silencing inhibited these phenotypes. In addition, Nrf2 positively regulated Notch signaling pathway in OSCC cells in vitro. Consistent with this observation, Nrf2 activation in Keap1-/- mice resulted in not only hyperproliferation of squamous epithelial cells in mouse tongue as evidenced by increased expression of PCNA, but also activation of Notch signaling in these cells as evidenced by increased expression of NICD1 and Hes1. In conclusion, Nrf2 regulates cancer behaviors and Notch signaling in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | | | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Justin R Prigge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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22
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Identification and characterization of a novel Sso7d scaffold-based binder against Notch1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12021. [PMID: 28931897 PMCID: PMC5607287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling has important functions in regulating cell growth and development, misregulation of which has been implicated in various cancers. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting Notch protein activity have already moved into clinical trials. However due to the limitations associated with cost and productivity of mAbs, there has been a surge in the development of complementary approaches that are based on non-antibody scaffolds. Non-antibody scaffolds are small proteins that are stable and can be engineered to develop high-affinity binders against specific targets of interest. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel Notch1-binding protein, N9, obtained by screening of a combinatorial library based on the ultra-stable Sso7d scaffold. N9 targets the extracellular EGF-like repeats (ELR) 11–13 in Notch1, and therefore serves as a competitive inhibitor for Notch ligands to decrease expression of Notch target genes. We demonstrate that N9 recognizes surface expression of Notch1 on the plasma membrane and binds preferentially to cell lines misexpressing Notch1. Although N9 was selected against Notch1, we also observe cross-reactivity against other Notch receptors, including Notch2/3. Finally, we demonstrate that N9 inhibits proliferation and generation of tumorspheres in Notch expressing cancer cell lines, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in Notch-associated malignancies.
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23
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Kranjec C, Holleywood C, Libert D, Griffin H, Mahmood R, Isaacson E, Doorbar J. Modulation of basal cell fate during productive and transforming HPV-16 infection is mediated by progressive E6-driven depletion of Notch. J Pathol 2017; 242:448-462. [PMID: 28497579 PMCID: PMC5601300 DOI: 10.1002/path.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In stratified epithelia such as the epidermis, homeostasis is maintained by the proliferation of cells in the lower epithelial layers and the concomitant loss of differentiated cells from the epithelial surface. These differentiating keratinocytes progressively stratify and form a self‐regenerating multi‐layered barrier that protects the underlying dermis. In such tissue, the continual loss and replacement of differentiated cells also limits the accumulation of oncogenic mutations within the tissue. Inactivating mutations in key driver genes, such as TP53 and NOTCH1, reduce the proportion of differentiating cells allowing for the long‐term persistence of expanding mutant clones in the tissue. Here we show that through the expression of E6, HPV‐16 prevents the early fate commitment of human keratinocytes towards differentiation and confers a strong growth advantage to human keratinocytes. When E6 is expressed either alone or with E7, it promotes keratinocyte proliferation at high cell densities, through the combined inactivation of p53 and Notch1. In organotypic raft culture, the activity of E6 is restricted to the basal layer of the epithelium and is enhanced during the progression from productive to abortive or transforming HPV‐16 infection. Consistent with this, the expression of p53 and cleaved Notch1 becomes progressively more disrupted, and is associated with increased basal cell density and reduced commitment to differentiation. The expression of cleaved Notch1 is similarly disrupted also in HPV‐16‐positive cervical lesions, depending on neoplastic grade. When taken together, these data depict an important role of high‐risk E6 in promoting the persistence of infected keratinocytes in the basal and parabasal layers through the inactivation of gene products that are commonly mutated in non‐HPV‐associated neoplastic squamous epithelia. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kranjec
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Christina Holleywood
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Diane Libert
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Radma Mahmood
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Erin Isaacson
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
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24
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Esophageal Cancer: Genomic and Molecular Characterization, Stem Cell Compartment and Clonal Evolution. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E67. [PMID: 28930282 PMCID: PMC5622402 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer and is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. The incidence of histologic subtypes of EC, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC), display considerable geographic variation. EAC arises from metaplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) in the context of chronic inflammation secondary to exposure to acid and bile. The main risk factors for developing ESCC are cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The main somatic genetic abnormalities showed a different genetic landscape in EAC compared to ESCC. EAC is a heterogeneous cancer dominated by copy number alterations, a high mutational burden, co-amplification of receptor tyrosine kinase, frequent TP53 mutations. The cellular origins of BE and EAC are still not understood: animal models supported a cellular origin either from stem cells located in the basal layer of esophageal epithelium or from progenitors present in the cardia region. Many studies support the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to initiate and maintain EAC or ESCC. The exact identification of these CSCs, as well as their role in the pathogenesis of EAC and ESCC remain still to be demonstrated. The reviewed studies suggest that current molecular and cellular characterization of EAC and ESCC should serve as background for development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00141 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00141 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00141 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Nooij LS, Ter Haar NT, Ruano D, Rakislova N, van Wezel T, Smit VTHBM, Trimbos BJBMZ, Ordi J, van Poelgeest MIE, Bosse T. Genomic Characterization of Vulvar (Pre)cancers Identifies Distinct Molecular Subtypes with Prognostic Significance. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6781-6789. [PMID: 28899974 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Vulvar cancer (VC) can be subclassified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status. HPV-negative VCs frequently harbor TP53 mutations; however, in-depth analysis of other potential molecular genetic alterations is lacking. We comprehensively assessed somatic mutations in a large series of vulvar (pre)cancers.Experimental Design: We performed targeted next-generation sequencing (17 genes), p53 immunohistochemistry and HPV testing on 36 VC and 82 precursors (sequencing cohort). Subsequently, the prognostic significance of the three subtypes identified in the sequencing cohort was assessed in a series of 236 VC patients (follow-up cohort).Results: Frequent recurrent mutations were identified in HPV-negative vulvar (pre)cancers in TP53 (42% and 68%), NOTCH1 (28% and 41%), and HRAS (20% and 31%). Mutation frequency in HPV-positive vulvar (pre)cancers was significantly lower (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a substantial subset of the HPV-negative precursors (35/60, 58.3%) and VC (10/29, 34.5%) were TP53 wild-type (wt), suggesting a third, not-previously described, molecular subtype. Clinical outcomes in the three different subtypes (HPV+, HPV-/p53wt, HPV-/p53abn) were evaluated in a follow-up cohort consisting of 236 VC patients. Local recurrence rate was 5.3% for HPV+, 16.3% for HPV-/p53wt and 22.6% for HPV-/p53abn tumors (P = 0.044). HPV positivity remained an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcome in the multivariable analysis (P = 0.020).Conclusions: HPV- and HPV+ vulvar (pre)cancers display striking differences in somatic mutation patterns. HPV-/p53wt VC appear to be a distinct clinicopathologic subgroup with frequent NOTCH1 mutations. HPV+ VC have a significantly lower local recurrence rate, independent of clinicopathological variables, opening opportunities for reducing overtreatment in VC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6781-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Nooij
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Natalja T Ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Rakislova
- Department of Pathology, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jaume Ordi
- Department of Pathology, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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26
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Siddappa G, Kulsum S, Ravindra DR, Kumar VV, Raju N, Raghavan N, Sudheendra HV, Sharma A, Sunny SP, Jacob T, Kuruvilla BT, Benny M, Antony B, Seshadri M, Lakshminarayan P, Hicks W, Suresh A, Kuriakose MA. Curcumin and metformin-mediated chemoprevention of oral cancer is associated with inhibition of cancer stem cells. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2446-2460. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangotri Siddappa
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Head and Neck Oncology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Safeena Kulsum
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- School of Biosciences and Technology; VIT University; Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - Doddathimmasandra Ramanjanappa Ravindra
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Vinay V. Kumar
- Department of Oral Surgery; Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Nalini Raju
- Department of Histopathology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Nisheena Raghavan
- Department of Histopathology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Holalugunda Vittalamurthy Sudheendra
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Anupam Sharma
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory; GROW Laboratory; Narayana Nethralaya; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Sumsum P. Sunny
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Head and Neck Oncology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Tina Jacob
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | | | - Merina Benny
- Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd.; Alwaye, Kochi Kerala India
| | - Benny Antony
- Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd.; Alwaye, Kochi Kerala India
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
| | - Padma Lakshminarayan
- Department of Pharmacology; Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Wesley Hicks
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
- Department of Head and Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
| | - Amritha Suresh
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
| | - Moni A. Kuriakose
- Integrated Head and Neck Oncology Research Program, DSRG-5; Mazumdar Shaw Centre for Translational Research; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Head and Neck Oncology; Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre; Narayana Health; Bangalore Karnataka India
- Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre-Roswell Park Collaboration Program; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo New York
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27
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Nowwarote N, Osathanon T. Dysregulation of Notch signaling related genes in oral lichen planus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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28
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Keratins regulate colonic epithelial cell differentiation through the Notch1 signalling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:984-996. [PMID: 28475172 PMCID: PMC5442467 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins (K) are intermediate filament proteins important in stress protection and mechanical support of epithelial tissues. K8, K18 and K19 are the main colonic keratins, and K8-knockout (K8−/−) mice display a keratin dose-dependent hyperproliferation of colonic crypts and a colitis-phenotype. However, the impact of the loss of K8 on intestinal cell differentiation has so far been unknown. Here we show that K8 regulates Notch1 signalling activity and differentiation in the epithelium of the large intestine. Proximity ligation and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that K8 and Notch1 co-localize and interact in cell cultures, and in vivo in the colonic epithelial cells. K8 with its heteropolymeric partner K18 enhance Notch1 protein levels and activity in a dose dependent manner. The levels of the full-length Notch1 receptor (FLN), the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and expression of Notch1 downstream target genes are reduced in the absence of K8, and the K8-dependent loss of Notch1 activity can be rescued with re-expression of K8/K18 in K8-knockout CRISPR/Cas9 Caco-2 cells protein levels. In vivo, K8 deletion with subsequent Notch1 downregulation leads to a shift in differentiation towards a goblet cell and enteroendocrine phenotype from an enterocyte cell fate. Furthermore, the K8−/− colonic hyperproliferation results from an increased number of transit amplifying progenitor cells in these mice. K8/K18 thus interact with Notch1 and regulate Notch1 signalling activity during differentiation of the colonic epithelium.
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29
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Sakamoto K. Notch signaling in oral squamous neoplasia. Pathol Int 2016; 66:609-617. [PMID: 27671927 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in cell-cell communication. It is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism and plays a fundamental role in development. The typical function of Notch signaling is the regulation of cell fate segregation at asymmetric division; however, a role in tumorigenesis has also been suggested. Inactivating mutations of NOTCH1 are present in about 10 % of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, oral cavity, esophagus, and lung, rendering it one of the most frequently mutated genes in squamous cell carcinoma. Mouse knockout studies have demonstrated that Notch1 is imperative for early development but is dispensable for formation of the squamous epithelium. However, loss of Notch signaling predisposes the epidermis to hyperplasia and increases tumor incidence. This tumor-inducing effect resulting from the loss of Notch signaling is associated with non-cell-autonomous effects that are elicited by subtle alteration of epithelial cell features, generating a wound-like microenvironment in the underlying stroma. We found that Notch1 was expressed specifically in the basal cells of the oral squamous epithelium. In cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia, it was significantly downregulated, suggesting that reduced Notch activity plays a distinct role in oral neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Khanom R, Nguyen CTK, Kayamori K, Zhao X, Morita K, Miki Y, Katsube KI, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. Keratin 17 Is Induced in Oral Cancer and Facilitates Tumor Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161163. [PMID: 27512993 PMCID: PMC4981360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin subtypes are selectively expressed depending on the cell type. They not only provide structural support, but regulate the metabolic processes and signaling pathways that control the growth of the epithelium. KRT17 (keratin 17) is induced in the regenerative epithelium and acts on diverse signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that KRT17 is invariably and permanently induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as revealed by immunohistochemistry and cDNA microarray analysis. Two representative OSCC cell lines; KRT17-weakly expressing Ca9-22 and KRT17-highly expressing HSC3 were used to establish KRT17-overexpressing Ca9-22 and KRT17-knockdown HSC3 cells. Analysis of these cells revealed that KRT17 promoted cell proliferation and migration by stimulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. KRT17 also upregulated the expression of SLC2A1 (solute carrier family 2 member 1/Glut1) and glucose uptake. To further investigate the effect of KRT17 on tumorigenesis, KRT17-knockout HSC3 cells were established and were transplanted to the cephalic skin of nude mice. The tumors that developed from KRT17-knockout HSC3 cells had a lower Ki-67 labeling index and were significantly smaller compared to the controls. These results indicate that KRT17 stimulates the Akt/mTOR pathway and glucose uptake, thereby facilitating tumor growth. We could not confirm the relationship between KRT17 and SFN (stratifin) in the cells examined in this study. However, our study reinforces the concept that the cellular properties of cancer are regulated by a series of molecules similar to those found in wound healing. In OSCC, KRT17 acts as a pathogenic keratin that facilitates tumor growth through the stimulation of multiple signaling pathways, highlighting the importance of KRT17 as a multifunctional promoter of tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Keratin-17/genetics
- Keratin-17/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Khanom
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Morita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsube
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program, “International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Disease”, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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31
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Sun L, Liu M, Sun GC, Yang X, Qian Q, Feng S, Mackey LV, Coy DH. Notch Signaling Activation in Cervical Cancer Cells Induces Cell Growth Arrest with the Involvement of the Nuclear Receptor NR4A2. J Cancer 2016; 7:1388-95. [PMID: 27471554 PMCID: PMC4964122 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a second leading cancer death in women world-wide, with most cases in less developed countries. Notch signaling is highly conserved with its involvement in many cancers. In the present study, we established stable cervical cell lines with Notch activation and inactivation and found that Notch activation played a suppressive role in cervical cancer cells. Meanwhile, the transient overexpression of the active intracellular domain of all four Notch receptors (ICN1, 2, 3, and 4) also induced the suppression of cervical cancer Hela cell growth. ICN1 also induced cell cycle arrest at phase G1. Notch1 signaling activation affected the expression of serial genes, especially the genes associated with cAMP signaling, with an increase of genes like THBS1, VCL, p63, c-Myc and SCG2, a decrease of genes like NR4A2, PCK2 and BCL-2. Particularly, The nuclear receptor NR4A2 was observed to induce cell proliferation via MTT assay and reduce cell apoptosis via FACS assay. Furthermore, NR4A2's activation could reverse ICN1-induced suppression of cell growth while erasing ICN1-induced increase of tumor suppressor p63. These findings support that Notch signaling mediates cervical cancer cell growth suppression with the involvement of nuclear receptor NR4A2. Notably, Notch/NR4A2/p63 signaling cascade possibly is a new signling pathway undisclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Sun
- 1. Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University; 801 He-Qing Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;; 2. Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China;; 4. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - Mingqiu Liu
- 3. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guang-Chun Sun
- 1. Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University; 801 He-Qing Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Yang
- 1. Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University; 801 He-Qing Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Qian
- 1. Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University; 801 He-Qing Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuyu Feng
- 3. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - L Vienna Mackey
- 4. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - David H Coy
- 4. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
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32
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Zhang M, Biswas S, Qin X, Gong W, Deng W, Yu H. Does Notch play a tumor suppressor role across diverse squamous cell carcinomas? Cancer Med 2016; 5:2048-60. [PMID: 27228302 PMCID: PMC4884632 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Notch pathway in tumorigenesis is highly variable. It can be tumor suppressive or pro‐oncogenic, typically depending on the cellular context. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a cancer of the squamous cell, which can occur in diverse human tissues. SCCs are one of the most frequent human malignancies for which the pathologic mechanisms remain elusive. Recent genomic analysis of diverse SCCs identified marked levels of mutations in NOTCH1, implicating Notch signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCCs. In this review, evidences highlighting NOTCH's role in different types of SCCs are summarized. Moreover, based on accumulating structural information of the NOTCH receptor, the functional consequences of NOTCH1 gene mutations identified from diverse SCCs are analyzed, emphasizing loss of function of Notch in these cancers. Finally, we discuss the convergent view on an intriguing possibility that Notch may function as tumor suppressor in SCCs across different tissues. These mechanistic insights into Notch signaling pathways will help to guide the research of SCCs and development of therapeutic strategies for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Xin Qin
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wenrong Gong
- Medical College, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbing Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Lab, NewYork
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33
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NOTCH3 Is Induced in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promotes Angiogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154112. [PMID: 27124156 PMCID: PMC4849776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Notch signaling is involved in many types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, the role of Notch signaling in the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of NOTCH3 signaling in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in OSCCs. Immunohistochemical study of 93 human tongue OSCC cases indicated that about one third of OSCCs showed NOTCH3 expression in CAFs, and that this expression significantly correlated with tumor-size. In vitro study showed that OSCC cell lines, especially HO1-N-1 cells stimulated NOTCH3 expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) through direct cell-to-cell contact. Immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis using human OSCC samples demonstrated that NOTCH3 expression in CAFs significantly correlated with micro-vessel density in cancer stroma. In vitro angiogenesis assays involving co-culture of NHDFs with HO1-N-1 and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), and NOTCH3 knockdown in NHDFs using siRNA, demonstrated that HO1-N-1 cells significantly promoted tube formation dependent on NOTCH3-expression in NHDFs. Moreover, NOTCH3 expression in CAFs was related to poor prognosis of the OSCC patients. This work provides a new insight into the role of Notch signaling in CAFs associated with tumor angiogenesis and the possibility of NOTCH3-targeted molecular therapy in OSCCs.
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34
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Yao T, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Lin R, Lin Z. Cervical cancer stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 48:611-25. [PMID: 26597379 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer stem cells (CSC) has been established over the past decade or so, and their role in carcinogenic processes has been confirmed. In this review, we focus on cervical CSCs, including (1) their purported origin, (2) markers used for cervical CSC identification, (3) alterations to signalling pathways in cervical cancer and (4) the cancer stem cell niche. Although cervical CSCs have not yet been definitively identified and characterized, future studies pursuing them as therapeutic targets may provide novel insights for treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Rongbiao Lu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yizhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rongchun Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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35
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Somatic Mutations and Genetic Variants of NOTCH1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Occurrence and Development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24014. [PMID: 27035284 PMCID: PMC4817511 DOI: 10.1038/srep24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genetic variants have been associated with cancer occurrence, however it may be the acquired somatic mutations (SMs) that drive cancer development. This study investigates the potential SMs and related genetic variants associated with the occurrence and development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We identified several SMs in NOTCH1 from whole-exome sequencing and validated them in a 13-year cohort of 128 HNSCC patients using a high-resolution melting analysis and resequencing. Patients who have NOTCH1 SMs show higher 5-year relapse-free recurrence (P = 0.0013) and lower survival proportion (P = 0.0447) when the risk-associated SMs were analysed by Cox proportional hazard models. Interestingly, the NOTCH1 gene rs139994842 that shares linkage with SMs is associated with HNSCC risk (OR = 3.46), increasing when SMs in NOTCH1 are involved (OR = 7.74), and furthermore when there are SMs in conjunction to betel quid chewing (OR = 32.11), which is a related independent environmental risk factor after adjusting for substances use (alcohol, betel quid, cigarettes) and age. The findings indicate that betel quid chewing is highly associated with NOTCH1 SMs (especially with changes in EGF-like domains), and that rs139994842 may potentially serve as an early predictive and prognostic biomarker for the occurrence and development of HNSCC.
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Liao CT, Chen SJ, Lee LY, Hsueh C, Yang LY, Lin CY, Fan KH, Wang HM, Ng SH, Lin CH, Tsao CK, Chen IH, Chang KP, Huang SF, Kang CJ, Chen HC, Yen TC. An Ultra-Deep Targeted Sequencing Gene Panel Improves the Prognostic Stratification of Patients With Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2751. [PMID: 26937903 PMCID: PMC4779000 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved prognostic stratification of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and pathologically positive (pN+) nodes is urgently needed. Here, we sought to examine whether an ultra-deep targeted sequencing (UDT-Seq) gene panel may improve the prognostic stratification in this patient group.A mutation-based signature affecting 10 genes (including genetic mutations in 6 oncogenes and 4 tumor suppressor genes) was devised to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in 345 primary tumor specimens obtained from pN+ OSCC patients. Of the 345 patients, 144 were extracapsular spread (ECS)-negative and 201 were ECS-positive. The 5-year locoregional control, distant metastases, disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival (OS) rates served as outcome measures.The UDT-Seq panel was an independent risk factor (RF) for 5-year locoregional control (P = 0.0067), distant metastases (P = 0.0001), DFS (P < 0.0001), disease-specific survival (DSS, P < 0.0001), and OS (P = 0.0003) in pN+ OSCC patients. The presence of ECS and pT3-4 disease were also independent RFs for DFS, DSS, and OS. A prognostic scoring system was formulated by summing up the significant covariates (UDT-Seq, ECS, pT3-4) separately for each survival endpoint. The presence of a positive UDT-Seq panel (n = 77) significantly improved risk stratification for all the survival endpoints as compared with traditional AJCC staging (P < 0.0001). Among ECS-negative patients, those with a UDT-Seq-positive panel (n = 31) had significantly worse DFS (P = 0.0005) and DSS (P = 0.0002). Among ECS-positive patients, those with a UDT-Seq-positive panel (n = 46) also had significantly worse DFS (P = 0.0032) and DSS (P = 0.0098).Our UDT-Seq gene panel consisting of clinically actionable genes was significantly associated with patient outcomes and provided better prognostic stratification than traditional AJCC staging. It was also able to predict prognosis in OSCC patients regardless of ECS presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ta Liao
- From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (C-TL, I-HC, K-PC, S-FH, C-JK), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (S-JC, H-CC), Department of Genomic Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center (S-JC, H-CC), Department of Pathology (L-YL, CH), Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Unit, Clinical Trial Center (L-YY), Department of Radiation Oncology (C-YL, K-HF), Department of Medical Oncology (H-MW), Department of Diagnostic Radiology (S-HN), Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (C-HL, C-KT), Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center (T-CY), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Mandasari M, Sawangarun W, Katsube KI, Kayamori K, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. A facile one-step strategy for the generation of conditional knockout mice to explore the role of Notch1 in oroesophageal tumorigenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:761-7. [PMID: 26682927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
NOTCH1 plays an important role in epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis. To investigate the impact of Notch1 inactivation in oroesophageal epithelium, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice, using a combined construct which induces the expression of single guide RNA targeting Notch1 and Cas9 by the KRT14 promoter. The cKO mice exhibited patchy hair loss and multiple NOTCH1-negative areas in the tongue epithelium, indicative of heterogeneous knockout. The cKO mice showed susceptibility to esophageal tumorigenesis, underscoring Notch1 as a tumor suppressor. Our one-step strategy for generation of cKO mice provides a versatile method to examine a gene function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masita Mandasari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wanlada Sawangarun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsube
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Palazzo E, Morandi P, Lotti R, Saltari A, Truzzi F, Schnebert S, Dumas M, Marconi A, Pincelli C. Notch Cooperates with Survivin to Maintain Stemness and to Stimulate Proliferation in Human Keratinocytes during Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26291-302. [PMID: 26540052 PMCID: PMC4661807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway orchestrates cell fate by either inducing cell differentiation or maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. This study aims to evaluate Notch expression and function in normal human keratinocytes. Notch1 is expressed in all epidermal layers, though to a different degree of intensity, with a dramatic decrease during ageing. Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) levels are decreased during transit from keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) to transit amplifying (TA) cells, mimicking survivin expression in samples from donors of all ages. Calcium markedly reduces N1ICD levels in keratinocytes. N1ICD overexpression induces the up-regulation of survivin and the down-regulation of keratin 10 and involucrin, while increasing the S phase of the cell cycle. On the other hand, Notch1 inhibition (DAPT) dose-dependently decreases survivin, stimulates differentiation, and reduces keratinocyte proliferation in samples from donors of all ages. Silencing Notch downgrades survivin and increases keratin 10. In addition, Notch1 inhibition decreases survivin levels and proliferation both in KSC and TA cells. Finally, while survivin overexpression decreases keratinocyte differentiation and increases N1ICD expression both in KSC and TA cells, silencing survivin results in N1ICD down-regulation and an increase in differentiation markers. These results suggest that the Notch1/survivin crosstalk contributes to the maintenance of stemness in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Palazzo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Paolo Morandi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Roberta Lotti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Saltari
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Francesca Truzzi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | | | - Marc Dumas
- LVMH Recherche, 185 Avenue de Verdun, Saint Jean de Braye 45800, France.
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy.
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Calenic B, Greabu M, Caruntu C, Tanase C, Battino M. Oral keratinocyte stem/progenitor cells: specific markers, molecular signaling pathways and potential uses. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:68-82. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Barakat SMM, Siar CH. Differential expression of stem cell-like proteins in normal, hyperplastic and dysplastic oral epithelium. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:79-86. [PMID: 25760270 PMCID: PMC4349123 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The identification of stem cells (SC) remains challenging. In the human oral mucosal epithelium, these cells are believed to be in the basal layer (stem cell niche), but their exact location is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the dysplastic oral epithelium for these SC-like proteins in order to assess their diagnostic value as biomarkers complementing the histological grading of dysplasia. Material and Methods Thirty oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), 25 oral lichen planus (OLP), 10 oral hyperkeratosis and 5 normal oral epithelium (OE) were immunohistochemically examined for four SC markers [integrin β1, neuron-glial-2 (NG2), notch 1 (N1) and keratin 15 (K15)]. Results Three of four SC markers were heterogeneously detected in all samples. K15 overexpression in the lower two-thirds of severe OED suggests an expanded SC niche. Integrin β1 distribution pattern was not measurably different between OEDs and control. NG2 was almost negative to absent in all samples examined. N1 expression was weak and highly variable in normal and dysplastic epithelium, making it an unreliable epithelial stem cell marker. Conclusions Present findings suggest that these markers were unable to identify individual epithelial stem cells. Instead, subpopulations of cells, most probably stem cells and transit amplifying cells with stem cell-like properties were identified in the dysplastic oral epithelium. The characteristic expressions of K15 might be of diagnostic value for oral dysplasia and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mohammed Mohammed Barakat
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Huat Siar
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Thariat J, Vignot S, Lapierre A, Falk AT, Guigay J, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Milano G. Integrating genomics in head and neck cancer treatment: Promises and pitfalls. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:397-406. [PMID: 25979769 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent a multifactorial disease of poor prognosis. They have lagged behind other cancers in terms of personalized therapy. With expansion and high throughput sequencing methods, recent landmark exonic studies and Cancer Genome Atlas data have identified genes relevant to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Mutational profiles and rates vary widely depending on exposure to carcinogens, anatomic subsites and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Tumors may exhibit specific, tissue-specific, not exclusively HPV-related, gene alterations, such those observed in oral cavity cancers in Asia or Occident. Except for the PI3K pathway, the rate of mutations in HPV+ cancers is much lower than in tobacco/alcohol-related cancers. Somatic driver mutation analyses show that relatively few driver genes are druggable in HNSCC and that tumor suppressor gene alterations prevail. More mature for therapeutic applications is the oncogenic PI3K pathway, with preclinical human xenograft models suggesting that PI3KCA pathway mutations may be used as predictive biomarkers and clinical data showing efficacy of mTOR/Akt inhibitors. Therapeutic guidance, to date, relies on classical histoprognostic factors, anatomic subsite and HPV status, with integration of hierarchized supervised mutational profiling to provide additional therapeutic options in advanced HNSCC in a near future. Unsupervised controlled genomic analyses remain necessary to unravel potentially relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Thariat
- Oncopharmacology Unit EA 3836, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France; Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France.
| | - Stéphane Vignot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Hôpitaux de Chartres, 6 rue Claude Bernard, 28630 Chartres Le Coudray, France
| | - Ariane Lapierre
- Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Alexander T Falk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Joel Guigay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | | | - Gerard Milano
- Oncopharmacology Unit EA 3836, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 Av de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
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Rosekrans SL, Heijmans J, Büller NVJA, Westerlund J, Lee AS, Muncan V, van den Brink GR. ER stress induces epithelial differentiation in the mouse oesophagus. Gut 2015; 64:195-202. [PMID: 24789843 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Xbp1, a key component of the UPR has recently been linked to the risk of developing oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting an important role for the UPR in the oesophageal epithelium. Here we examined the role of ER stress and the UPR in oesophageal epithelial homoeostasis. DESIGN We examined the expression of components of the UPR in the oesophageal epithelium. We used a pharmacological approach and a genetic approach to examine the effects of ER stress in vivo in the mouse oesophagus. The oesophagus of these mice was examined using immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. RESULTS Components of the UPR were heterogeneously expressed in the basal layer of the epithelium. Induction of ER stress by 24-h treatment with thapsigargin resulted in depletion of proliferating cells in the basal layer of the oesophagus and induced differentiation. We next activated the UPR by inducible deletion of the major ER chaperone Grp78 in Ah1Cre-Rosa26-LacZ-Grp78(-/-) mice in which mutant cells could be traced by expression of LacZ. In these mice LacZ-positive mutant cells in the basal layer lost their proliferative capacity, migrated towards the oesophageal lumen and were replaced by LacZ-negative non-mutant cells. We observed no apoptosis in mutant cells. CONCLUSIONS These results show that ER stress induces epithelial differentiation in precursor cells in the oesophageal epithelium. This UPR induced differentiation may serve as a quality control mechanism that protects against oesophageal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Rosekrans
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarom Heijmans
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikè V J A Büller
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Westerlund
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs R van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rettig EM, Chung CH, Bishop JA, Howard JD, Sharma R, Li RJ, Douville C, Karchin R, Izumchenko E, Sidransky D, Koch W, Califano J, Agrawal N, Fakhry C. Cleaved NOTCH1 Expression Pattern in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated with NOTCH1 Mutation, HPV Status, and High-Risk Features. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:287-95. [PMID: 25633867 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is frequently altered in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC); however, the clinical significance of NOTCH1 dysregulation is poorly understood. This study was designed to characterize expression of the transcriptionally active NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD1) in HNSCCs and evaluate its association with NOTCH1 mutation status and clinical parameters. IHC for NICD1 was performed on 79 previously sequenced archival HNSCCs with known NOTCH1 mutation status. Three distinct immunohistochemical staining patterns were identified: positive/peripheral (47%), positive/nonperipheral (34%), and negative (19%). NICD1 expression was associated with NOTCH1 mutation status (P < 0.001). Most NOTCH1-wild-type tumors were peripheral (55%), whereas mutated NOTCH1 tumors were most commonly negative (47%). Nonperipheral tumors were more likely than peripheral tumors to have extracapsular spread [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 16.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.92-133.46; P = 0.010] and poor differentiation (aOR, 5.27; 95% CI, 0.90-30.86; P = 0.066). Negative staining tumors tended to be poorly differentiated (aOR, 24.71; 95% CI, 1.53-399.33; P = 0.024) and were less likely to be human papillomavirus (HPV) positive (aOR, 0.043; 95% CI, 0.001-1.59; P = 0.087). NOTCH1 mutagenesis was significantly associated with HPV status, with NOTCH1-wild-type tumors more likely to be HPV positive than NOTCH1-mutated tumors (aOR, 19.06; 95% CI, 1.31-276.15; P = 0.031). TP53 disruptive mutations were not associated with NICD1 expression or NOTCH1 mutation. In conclusion, NICD1 is expressed in three distinct patterns in HNSCC that are significantly associated with high-risk features. These findings further support a dual role for NOTCH1 as both tumor suppressor and oncogene in HNSCC. Further research is necessary to clarify the role of NOTCH1 in HNSCC and understand the clinical and therapeutic implications therein.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/virology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism
- Papillomavirus Infections/pathology
- Papillomavirus Infections/virology
- Prognosis
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Rettig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason D Howard
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan J Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Douville
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Johns Hopkins Institute for Computational Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Yap LF, Lee D, Khairuddin A, Pairan MF, Puspita B, Siar CH, Paterson IC. The opposing roles of NOTCH signalling in head and neck cancer: a mini review. Oral Dis 2015; 21:850-7. [PMID: 25580884 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH signalling can exert oncogenic or tumour suppressive effects in both solid and haematological malignancies. Similar to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), early studies suggested a pro-tumorigenic role of NOTCH in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), mainly based on the increased expression levels of the genes within the pathway. Recently, data from exome sequencing analyses unexpectedly pointed to a tumour suppressor role for NOTCH in HNSCC by identifying loss-of-function mutations in the NOTCH1 gene in a significant proportion of patients. These data have questioned the accepted role of NOTCH in HNSCC and the possible rationale of targeting NOTCH in this disease. This review summarises the current information on NOTCH signalling in HNSCC and discusses how this pathway can apparently exert opposing effects within the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Yap
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D Lee
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anm Khairuddin
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M F Pairan
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B Puspita
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C H Siar
- Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I C Paterson
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences and Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lee H, Kim KR, Cho NH, Hong SR, Jeong H, Kwon SY, Park KH, An HJ, Kim TH, Kim I, Yoon HK, Suh KS, Min KO, Choi HJ, Park JY, Yoo CW, Lee YS, Lee HJ, Lee WS, Park CS, Lee Y. MicroRNA expression profiling and Notch1 and Notch2 expression in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:334. [PMID: 25381598 PMCID: PMC4239392 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is known to be deregulated in cervical carcinomas. However, no data is available about the miRNA expression pattern for the minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of uterine cervix. We sought to detect deregulated miRNAs in MDA in an attempt to find the most dependable miRNA or their combinations to understand their tumorigenesis pathway and to identify diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. We also investigated the association between those miRNAs and their target genes, especially Notch1 and Notch2. METHODS We evaluated miRNA expression profiles via miRNA microarray and validated them using.real-time PCR assays with 24 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of MDA and 11 normal proliferative endocervical tissues as control. Expression for Notch1 and 2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MiRNA-135a-3p, 192-5p, 194-5p, and 494 were up-regulated, whereas miR-34b-5p, 204-5p, 299-5p, 424-5p, and 136-3p were down-regulated in MDA compared with normal proliferative endocervical tissues (all P<0.05). Considering the second-order Akaike Information Criterion consisting of likelihood ratio and number of parameters, miR-34b-5p showed the best discrimination power among the nine candidate miRNAs. A combined panel of miR-34b-5p and 194-5p was the best fit model to discriminate between MDA and control, revealing 100% sensitivity and specificity. Notch1 and Notch2, respective target genes of miR-34b-5p and miR-204-5p, were more frequently expressed in MDA than in control (63% vs. 18%; 52% vs. 18%, respectively, P<0.05). MiR-34b-5p expression level was higher in Notch1-negative samples compared with Notch1-positive ones (P<0.05). Down-regulated miR-494 was associated with poor patient survival (P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS MDA showed distinctive expression profiles of miRNAs, Notch1, and Notch2 from normal proliferative endocervical tissues. In particular, miR-34b-5p and 194-5p might be used as diagnostic biomarkers and miR-494 as a prognostic predictor for MDA. The miR-34b-5p/Notch1 pathway as well as Notch2 might be important oncogenic contributors to MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chul Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
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Nobusawa A, Sano T, Negishi A, Yokoo S, Oyama T. Immunohistochemical staining patterns of cytokeratins 13, 14, and 17 in oral epithelial dysplasia including orthokeratotic dysplasia. Pathol Int 2014; 64:20-7. [PMID: 24471966 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of the exact grade of oral epithelial dysplasia is difficult, and interobserver variations in grading are common. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of cytokeratins (CKs) in dysplastic oral epithelia, to identify useful double immunostaining diagnostic markers. Immunoexpression of CK13, CK14, CK17, and Ki-67 were investigated in 21 normal epithelial specimens and 146 epithelial dysplasia specimens. In epithelial dysplasia specimens, orthokeratotic dysplasia (OKD) was identified using CK10 immunostaining. Most mild dysplasia specimens were CK13+ and CK17-. In moderate dysplasia, CK13 expression tended to be lower and CK17 expression tended to be higher than in mild dysplasia. All carcinoma in situ (CIS) specimens were CK17+. In differentiated type CIS specimens, CK13 expression was weakly positive. Most epithelial dysplasia specimens were CK14+. There were no significant differences in the expression patterns of CKs between OKD and non-OKD specimens in any of the grades of dysplasia. These results indicate that CK14 expression can be used to detect early epithelial dysplasia, and that CK13 and CK17 expression are useful for detecting neoplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Nobusawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Aoyama KI, Ota Y, Kajiwara K, Hirayama N, Kimura M. Frequent mutations in NOTCH1 ligand-binding regions in Japanese oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:980-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Expression pattern of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes-1 in preneoplastic and neoplastic human oral squamous epithelium: their correlation with c-Myc, clinicopathological factors and prognosis in Oral cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:126. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Alcolea MP, Greulich P, Wabik A, Frede J, Simons BD, Jones PH. Differentiation imbalance in single oesophageal progenitor cells causes clonal immortalization and field change. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:615-22. [PMID: 24814514 PMCID: PMC4085550 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cancers may arise from within a clonal region of preneoplastic epithelium, a phenomenon termed 'field change'. However, it is not known how field change develops. Here we investigate this question using lineage tracing to track the behaviour of scattered single oesophageal epithelial progenitor cells expressing a mutation that inhibits the Notch signalling pathway. Notch is frequently subject to inactivating mutation in squamous cancers. Quantitative analysis reveals that cell divisions that produce two differentiated daughters are absent from mutant progenitors. As a result, mutant clones are no longer lost by differentiation and become functionally immortal. Furthermore, mutant cells promote the differentiation of neighbouring wild-type cells, which are then lost from the tissue. These effects lead to clonal expansion, with mutant cells eventually replacing the entire epithelium. Notch inhibition in progenitors carrying p53 stabilizing mutations creates large confluent regions of doubly mutant epithelium. Field change is thus a consequence of imbalanced differentiation in individual progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Alcolea
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Philip Greulich
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Agnieszka Wabik
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Julia Frede
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Benjamin D. Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip H. Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
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Li SQ, Li F, Xiao Y, Wang CM, Tuo L, Hu J, Yang XB, Wang JS, Shi WH, Li X, Cao XF. Comparison of long non‑coding RNAs, microRNAs and messenger RNAs involved in initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:652-62. [PMID: 24888564 PMCID: PMC4094766 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer research has focused on protein‑coding genes, which are considered the principal effectors and regulators of tumorigenesis. Non‑coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been widely reported to be important in the regulation of tumorigenesis and cancer development. However, to the best of our knowledge, investigation of the expression profiles of lncRNAs and a comparison of the involvement of lncRNAs, miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in esophageal tumorigenesis and development have not previously been performed. In the current study, intrinsic associations among the expression profiles of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs from normal esophageal tissues and those from cancer tissues were investigated. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to detect the expression profiles of the three types of RNA in the canceration processes of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. It was demonstrated that the different RNAs exhibit associated patterns of expression among normal esophageal epithelium, low‑grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high‑grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and carcinoma tissues, particularly in the critical period of canceration (HGIN to ESCC). Furthermore, the results indicated a high level of similarity in the potential function of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the processes of ESCC development. In the current study, a first generation atlas of lncRNA profiling and its association with miRNAs and mRNAs in the canceration processes of ESCC were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Qing Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tuo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Song Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Feng Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Hospital and Oncology Center of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
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