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Breveglieri G, D’Aversa E, Cosenza LC, Boutou E, Balassopoulou A, Voskaridou E, Gambari R, Borgatti M. Detection of the sickle hemoglobin allele using a surface plasmon resonance based biosensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 296:126604. [PMID: 31853166 PMCID: PMC6894342 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a monogenic hereditary blood disorder caused by a single point mutation (βS) in the β globin gene resulting in an abnormal hemoglobin (HbS) that can polymerize within the erythrocytes, inducing their characteristic sickle shape. This causes hemolytic anemia and occlusive vessels for the most severe clinical status. Molecular analysis is crucial for fast and precise diagnosis of different forms of SCD, and, on the basis of underlying genotype, for supporting the most appropriate treatment options. In this context, we describe a simple and reproducible protocol for the molecular identification of the βS mutation based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using the Biacore™ X100 affinity biosensor. This technology has already demonstrated its diagnostic suitability for the identification of point mutations responsible for genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and β thalassemia, using a protocol based on immobilization of PCR products on the sensor chip. On the contrary, in this work we applied a SPR strategy based on an innovative interaction format, recently developed in our group also for β thalassemia mutations. In particular, we correctly detected the βS mutation responsible for SCD, both in homozygous and heterozygous states, after hybridization of two oligonucleotide probes (normal and mutated) for the βS mutation, immobilized on sensor chip, with unbalanced PCR products obtained from 53 genomic DNAs carrying different βS allele combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Breveglieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta D’Aversa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Effrossyni Boutou
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Thalassaemia and Hemoglobinopathies Center, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Balassopoulou
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Thalassaemia and Hemoglobinopathies Center, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ersi Voskaridou
- Thalassaemia and Hemoglobinopathies Center, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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A new biosensor for noninvasive determination of fetal RHD status in maternal blood of RhD negative pregnant women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197855. [PMID: 29874251 PMCID: PMC5991352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal detection of the fetal RHD status can be useful in the management of RhD incompatibility to identify fetuses at risk of hemolytic disease. Hemolytic disease causes morbidity and mortality of the fetus in the neonatal period. The routine use of antenatal and postnatal anti-D prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. This study describe the detection of fetal RhD antigens in blood of RhD negative pregnant women using a nanopolymer coated electrochemical biosensor for medical diagnosis. Cell free fetal DNA in maternal plasma was also used to genotyping fetal RHD status using multiplex real-time PCR. Twenty-six RhD negative pregnant women in different gestational ages were included in the study. RhD positive fetal antibodies detected with a developed biosensor in maternal blood of RhD negative mothers. The electrochemical measurements were performed on a PalmSens potentiostat, and corundum ceramic based screen printed gold electrode combined with the reference Ag/AgCl electrode, and the auxiliary Au/Pd (98/2%) electrode. Fetal RHD genotyping performed using fluorescence-based multiplex real-time PCR exons 5 and 7 of the RHD gene. The fetal RHD status of 26 RhD negative cases were detected 21 as RhD positive and 5 as RhD negative with electrochemical biosensor. Fetal RHD status confirmed with extracted fetal DNA in maternal plasma using multiplex real-time PCR RHD genotyping and by serological test after delivery. The new method for fetal RhD detection in early pregnancy is useful and can be carry out rapidly in clinical diagnosis. Using automated biosensors are reproducible, quick and results can be generated within a few minutes compared to noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping from maternal plasma with real-time PCR-based techniques. We suggest the biosensor techniques could become an alternative part of fetal RHD genotyping from maternal plasma as a prenatal screening in the management of RhD incompatibility.
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Breveglieri G, Gallo TE, Travan A, Pellegatti P, Guerra G, Gambari R, Borgatti M. Surface plasmon resonance analysis to detect the β +IVSI-110 thalassemia mutation in circulating cell-free fetal DNA. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 462:133-134. [PMID: 27642085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Breveglieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Eleonora Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Travan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pellegatti
- Operative Unit of Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Operative Unit of Laboratory Analysis, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Breveglieri G, Bassi E, Carlassara S, Cosenza LC, Pellegatti P, Guerra G, Finotti A, Gambari R, Borgatti M. Y-chromosome identification in circulating cell-free fetal DNA using surface plasmon resonance. Prenat Diagn 2016; 36:353-61. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Breveglieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Biotechnology Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bassi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Silvia Carlassara
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Biotechnology Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Patrizia Pellegatti
- Operative Unit of Laboratory Analysis; University Hospital S. Anna; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giovanni Guerra
- Operative Unit of Laboratory Analysis; University Hospital S. Anna; Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Biotechnology Center; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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Breveglieri G, Finotti A, Borgatti M, Gambari R. Recent patents and technology transfer for molecular diagnosis of β-thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1453-76. [PMID: 26413795 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1090427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological tests and genetic analyses for diagnosis and characterization of hematological diseases in health laboratories are designed with the aim of meeting the major medical needs of hospitals and pharmaceutical companies involved in this field of applied biomedicine. Genetic testing approaches to perform diagnosis consist of molecular techniques, which should be absolutely reproducible, fast, sensitive, cheap, and portable. AREAS COVERED Biological tests analyzed involve adult/newborn subjects, whereas genetic analyses involve adult thalassemia patients, newborns, embryos/fetuses (including non-invasive prenatal diagnosis), pre-implantation embryos, and pre-fertilization oocytes. EXPERT OPINION The most recent findings in the diagnostic approach for β-thalassemias are related to three major fields of investigation: moving towards ultrasensitive methodologies for effective detection of the primary causative mutation of β-thalassemia, including the development of polymerase chain reaction-free approaches and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis; comparing analyses of the genotype of β-thalassemia patients to high-HbF-associated polymorphisms; introducing whole genome association assays and next-generation sequencing. All these issues should be considered and discussed in the context of several aspects, including regulatory, ethical and social issues. DNA sequence data aligned with the identification of genes central to the induction, development, progression, and outcome of β-thalassemia will be a key point for directing personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Breveglieri
- a 1 University of Ferrara, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- a 1 University of Ferrara, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- a 1 University of Ferrara, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- b 2 University of Ferrara, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy +39 05 32 97 44 43 ; +39 05 32 97 45 00 ;
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D'Agata R, Breveglieri G, Zanoli LM, Borgatti M, Spoto G, Gambari R. Direct detection of point mutations in nonamplified human genomic DNA. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8711-7. [PMID: 21978174 DOI: 10.1021/ac2021932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive detection protocols not requiring polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated target DNA amplification are expected to significantly improve our possibilities in several research and diagnostic applications for which minute cell quantities are available. For this reason we have tested a nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) sensing strategy to detect point mutations in nonamplified genomic DNA. We have used genomic DNAs, not subject to costly, time-consuming, and prone to contamination PCR-based amplification procedures, obtained from both healthy individuals and homozygous or heterozygous patients affected by β-thalassemia, in order to demonstrate the specificity and the sensitivity of the described sensing strategy. The assay we describe is ultrasensitive and convenient. Attomolar concentrations of target genomic DNA are detected, DNAs from healthy individuals and homozygous or heterozygous patients affected by β-thalassemia are discriminated, and only simple manipulations of the genetic samples are required before the analysis. The proposed ultrasensitive detection of DNA point mutations involved in genomic disorders possibly represents an important advantage in several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Agata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Mazzitelli S, Borgatti M, Breveglieri G, Gambari R, Nastruzzi C. Encapsulation of eukaryotic cells in alginate microparticles: cell signaling by TNF-alpha through capsular structure of cystic fibrosis cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2010; 5:157-65. [PMID: 21484183 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-010-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Entrapment of mammalian cells in natural or synthetic biomaterials represents an important tool for both basic and applied research in tissue engineering. For instance, the encapsulation procedures allow to physically isolate cells from the surrounding environment, after their transplantation maintaining the normal cellular physiology. The first part of the current paper describes different microencapsulation techniques including bulk emulsion technique, vibrating-nozzle procedure, gas driven mono-jet device protocol and microfluidic based approach. In the second part, the application of a microencapsulation procedure to the embedding of IB3-1 cells is also described. IB3-1 is a bronchial epithelial cell line, derived from a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient. Different experimental parameters of the encapsulation process were analyzed, including frequency and amplitude of vibration, polymer pumping rate and distance between the nozzle and the gelling bath. We have found that the microencapsulation procedure does not alter the viability of the encapsulated IB3-1 cells. The encapsulated IB3-1 cells were characterized in term of protein secretion, analysing the culture medium by Bio-Plex strategy. The analyzed factors include members of the interleukin family (IL-6), chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1) and growth factors (G-CSF). The experiments demonstrated that most of the analyzed proteins, were secreted both by the free and encapsulated cells, even if in a different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mazzitelli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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Atalay EO, Ustel E, Yildiz S, Atalay A. Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Molecular Detection of Hb S [β6(A3)Glu→Val, GAG→GTG] at the Gene Level. Hemoglobin 2009; 30:385-91. [PMID: 16840230 DOI: 10.1080/03630260600755807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approach, being a relatively novel biophysical method, is used to detect many different targets by biomolecular interaction. The SPR system uses optical and evanescent wave phenomenon. This approach does not need any labels, such as enzymes or isotopes, and the monitored interactions are in real time. In DNA-DNA interaction, the SPR approach is Tm-independent. Here we report our preliminary results for the molecular detection of the Hb S (GAG -->GTG) mutation at codon 6 of the human beta-globin gene. Our preliminary results show that the SPR approach could be applied as an inexpensive and fast routine test system for the molecular diagnosis of abnormal hemoglobins (Hbs), especially in premarital screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol O Atalay
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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D'Agata R, Corradini R, Grasso G, Marchelli R, Spoto G. Ultrasensitive detection of DNA by PNA and nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance imaging. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2067-70. [PMID: 18680134 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Agata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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10
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Label-free detection of DNA mutations by SPR: application to the early detection of inherited breast cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1173-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rusciano G, De Luca AC, Pesce G, Sasso A. Raman Tweezers as a Diagnostic Tool of Hemoglobin-Related Blood Disorders. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:7818-7832. [PMID: 27873960 PMCID: PMC3790991 DOI: 10.3390/s8127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the development of a Raman Tweezers system for detecting hemoglobin-related blood disorders at a single cell level. The study demonstrates that the molecular fingerprint insight provided by Raman analysis holds great promise for distinguishing between healthy and diseased cells in the field of biomedicine. Herein a Raman Tweezers system has been applied to investigate the effects of thalassemia, a blood disease quite diffuse in the Mediterranean Sea region. By resonant excitation of hemoglobin Raman bands, we examined the oxygenation capability of normal, alpha- and beta-thalassemic erythrocytes. A reduction of this fundamental red blood cell function, particularly severe for beta-thalassemia, has been found. Raman spectroscopy was also used to draw hemoglobin distribution inside single erythrocytes; the results confirmed the characteristic anomaly (target shape), occurring in thalassemia and some other blood disorders. The success of resonance Raman spectroscopy for thalassemia detection reported in this review provide an interesting starting point to explore the application of a Raman Tweezers system in the analysis of several blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rusciano
- Università di Napoli Federico II / Complesso Univ. M. S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 80126, Napoli, Italy
- CNISM- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, UdR Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna C. De Luca
- Università di Napoli Federico II / Complesso Univ. M. S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 80126, Napoli, Italy
- CNISM- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, UdR Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pesce
- Università di Napoli Federico II / Complesso Univ. M. S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 80126, Napoli, Italy
- CNISM- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, UdR Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Sasso
- Università di Napoli Federico II / Complesso Univ. M. S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 80126, Napoli, Italy
- CNISM- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, UdR Napoli, Italy
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Detection and haplotype differentiation of Southeast Asian alpha-thalassemia using polymerase chain reaction and a piezoelectric biosensor immobilized with a single oligonucleotide probe. Transl Res 2008; 151:246-54. [PMID: 18433706 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA-based diagnosis of alpha-thalassemias routinely relies on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. Here, we developed a new procedure for the detection and haplotype differentiation of Southeast Asian (SEA) alpha-thalassemia using a 3-primer system for PCR coupling with a DNA-based piezoelectric biosensor. PCR products amplified from genomic DNA were differentiated directly by using a quartz crystal microbalance immobilized with a single oligonucleotide probe. The frequency changes after hybridization of the PCR products amplified from a representative sample of normal alpha-globin, SEA alpha-thalassemia heterozygote, and homozygote were 206+/-11, 256+/-5, and 307+/-3 Hz, respectively. The fabricated biosensor was evaluated through an examination of 18 blind specimens. It could accurately discriminate between normal and SEA alpha-thalassemic samples, which suggests that this biosensor system is a promising alternative technique to detect SEA alpha-thalassemia because of its specificity and less hazardous exposure as compared with conventional methods.
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Zezza F, Pascale M, Mulè G, Visconti A. Detection of Fusarium culmorum in wheat by a surface plasmon resonance-based DNA sensor. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 66:529-37. [PMID: 16563535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on DNA hybridization has been developed for the detection of Fusarium culmorum, a fungal pathogen of cereals. A 0.57 kbp DNA fragment of F. culmorum was amplified by specific primers and a 25-mer oligonucleotide probe was selected within the sequence of the PCR amplicon. After biotinilation, the probe was immobilized on a streptavidin sensor chip and tested for biospecific interaction with PCR products of F. culmorum. The effect of denaturating agents (formamide and urea) and ionic strength (NaCl) on hybridization efficiency of double-stranded PCR products with the immobilized probe and the specificity of the probe were investigated. The SPR biosensor was successfully used for the detection of F. culmorum in culture material of different strains and in naturally infected wheat samples. Tested on fungal cultures, it showed a good selectivity for F. culmorum against other species of either Fusarium or other fungal genera. A background signal was observed in wheat samples strictly depending on the DNA amount of the testing matrix. Testing 30 ng of durum wheat DNA the detection limit was 0.06 pg of F. culmorum DNA. The developed PCR-SPR assay allowed to detect F. culmorum with sensitivity and specificity higher than gel-electrophoresis analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zezza
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
The year 2004 represents a milestone for the biosensor research community: in this year, over 1000 articles were published describing experiments performed using commercially available systems. The 1038 papers we found represent an approximately 10% increase over the past year and demonstrate that the implementation of biosensors continues to expand at a healthy pace. We evaluated the data presented in each paper and compiled a 'top 10' list. These 10 articles, which we recommend every biosensor user reads, describe well-performed kinetic, equilibrium and qualitative/screening studies, provide comparisons between binding parameters obtained from different biosensor users, as well as from biosensor- and solution-based interaction analyses, and summarize the cutting-edge applications of the technology. We also re-iterate some of the experimental pitfalls that lead to sub-optimal data and over-interpreted results. We are hopeful that the biosensor community, by applying the hints we outline, will obtain data on a par with that presented in the 10 spotlighted articles. This will ensure that the scientific community at large can be confident in the data we report from optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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