1
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Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Bencomo‐Alvarez AE, Rubio AJ, Barreto‐Vargas C, Lopez JL, Dang SK, Solecki JP, McCall E, Astudillo G, Velazquez VV, Schenkel K, Reffell K, Perkins M, Nguyen N, Apaflo JN, Alvidrez E, Young JE, Lara JJ, Yan D, Senina A, Ahmann J, Varley KE, Mason CC, Eide CA, Druker BJ, Nurunnabi M, Padilla O, Bajpeyi S, Eiring AM. Loss of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) promotes disease progression and drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) by disrupting glycerophospholipid metabolism. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1146. [PMID: 36536477 PMCID: PMC9763536 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR::ABL1 have turned chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) from a fatal disease into a manageable condition for most patients. Despite improved survival, targeting drug-resistant leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) remains a challenge for curative CML therapy. Aberrant lipid metabolism can have a large impact on membrane dynamics, cell survival and therapeutic responses in cancer. While ceramide and sphingolipid levels were previously correlated with TKI response in CML, the role of lipid metabolism in TKI resistance is not well understood. We have identified downregulation of a critical regulator of lipid metabolism, G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), in multiple scenarios of TKI resistance, including (1) BCR::ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance, (2) progression of CML from the chronic to the blast phase of the disease, and (3) in CML versus normal myeloid progenitors. Accordingly, CML patients with low G0S2 expression levels had a worse overall survival. G0S2 downregulation in CML was not a result of promoter hypermethylation or BCR::ABL1 kinase activity, but was rather due to transcriptional repression by MYC. Using CML cell lines, patient samples and G0s2 knockout (G0s2-/- ) mice, we demonstrate a tumour suppressor role for G0S2 in CML and TKI resistance. Our data suggest that reduced G0S2 protein expression in CML disrupts glycerophospholipid metabolism, correlating with a block of differentiation that renders CML cells resistant to therapy. Altogether, our data unravel a new role for G0S2 in regulating myeloid differentiation and TKI response in CML, and suggest that restoring G0S2 may have clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Alfonso E. Bencomo‐Alvarez
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | | | - Jose L. Lopez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sara K. Dang
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Emily McCall
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Gonzalo Astudillo
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Katherine Schenkel
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Kelaiah Reffell
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Mariah Perkins
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Jehu N. Apaflo
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Efren Alvidrez
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - James E. Young
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Joshua J. Lara
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Anna Senina
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jonathan Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Clinton C. Mason
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Christopher A. Eide
- Knight Cancer InstituteDivision of Hematology/Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Brian J. Druker
- Knight Cancer InstituteDivision of Hematology/Medical OncologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Osvaldo Padilla
- Department of PathologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sudip Bajpeyi
- Metabolic, Nutrition and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineCenter of Emphasis in CancerTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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2
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Liu HM, Guo CL, Zhang YF, Chen JF, Liang ZP, Yang LH, Ma YP. Leonurine-Repressed miR-18a-5p/SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 Axis Activity Disrupts CML malignancy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657724. [PMID: 33935775 PMCID: PMC8087248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leonurine, an active natural alkaloid compound isolated from Herba leonuri, has been reported to exhibit promising anticancer activity in solid tumors. The aim of this study was to explore whether leonurine is able to inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) malignancy. Here, we found that leonurine dose dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration, colony formation and promoted apoptosis of CML cells. Furthermore, leonurine markedly reduced CML xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanically, leonurine upregulated SOCS5 expression, thus leading JAK2/STAT3 signaling suppression. Silencing of SOCS5 by its siRNA abrogated the effect of leonurine on CML cells, demonstrating that SOCS5 mediates the anti-leukemia effect of leonurine. Notably, we observed that miR-18a-5p was remarkably increased in CML cells. Treating CML cells with leonurine significantly decreased miR-18a-5p expression. Moreover, we found miR-18a-5p repressed SOCS5 by directly targeting its 3′-UTR. miR-18a-5p downregulation induced by leonurine reduced the biological activity of CML cells by relieving miR-18a-5p repression of SOCS5 expression. Taken together, leonurine exerts significant anti-leukemia efficacy in CML by regulating miR-18a-5p/SOCS5/JAK2/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chun-Ling Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yao-Fang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian-Fang Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Liang
- Basic Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin-Hua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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3
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The lysophospholipase D enzyme Gdpd3 is required to maintain chronic myelogenous leukaemia stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4681. [PMID: 32943626 PMCID: PMC7499193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although advanced lipidomics technology facilitates quantitation of intracellular lipid components, little is known about the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells. Here, we show that disruption of the Gdpd3 gene encoding a lysophospholipase D enzyme significantly decreased self-renewal capacity in murine chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) stem cells in vivo. Sophisticated lipidomics analyses revealed that Gdpd3 deficiency reduced levels of certain lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) and lipid mediators in CML cells. Loss of Gdpd3 also activated AKT/mTORC1 signalling and cell cycle progression while suppressing Foxo3a/β-catenin interaction within CML stem cell nuclei. Strikingly, CML stem cells carrying a hypomorphic mutation of Lgr4/Gpr48, which encodes a leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) acting downstream of Gdpd3, displayed inadequate disease-initiating capacity in vivo. Our data showing that lysophospholipid metabolism is required for CML stem cell maintenance in vivo establish a new, biologically significant mechanism of cancer recurrence that is independent of oncogene addiction. How lipid metabolism can affect cancer recurrence is still unclear. Here, the authors show that the lysophospholipase D Gdpd3 maintains self-renewal capacity of CML stem cells by regulating the quiescence, and AKT/mTORC1 and Foxo3a/β-catenin signalling in an oncogene-independent manner.
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4
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Kuepper MK, Bütow M, Herrmann O, Ziemons J, Chatain N, Maurer A, Kirschner M, Maié T, Costa IG, Eschweiler J, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH, Müller-Newen G, Schemionek M. Stem cell persistence in CML is mediated by extrinsically activated JAK1-STAT3 signaling. Leukemia 2019; 33:1964-1977. [PMID: 30842608 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy effectively blocks oncogenic Bcr-Abl signaling and induces molecular remission in the majority of CML patients. However, the disease-driving stem cell population is not fully targeted by TKI therapy in the majority of patients, and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) capable of re-inducing the disease can persist. In TKI-resistant CML, STAT3 inhibition was previously shown to reduce malignant cell survival. Here, we show therapy-resistant cell-extrinsic STAT3 activation in TKI-sensitive CML cells, using cell lines, HoxB8-immortalized murine BM cells, and primary human stem cells. Moreover, we identified JAK1 but not JAK2 as the STAT3-activating kinase by applying JAK1/2 selective inhibitors and genetic inactivation. Employing an IL-6-blocking peptide, we identified IL-6 as a mediator of STAT3 activation. Combined inhibition of Bcr-Abl and JAK1 further reduced CFUs from murine CML BM, human CML MNCs, as well as CD34+ CML cells, and similarly decreased LT-HSCs in a transgenic CML mouse model. In line with these observations, proliferation of human CML CD34+ cells was strongly reduced upon combined Bcr-Abl and JAK1 inhibition. Remarkably, the combinatory therapy significantly induced apoptosis even in quiescent LSCs. Our findings suggest JAK1 as a potential therapeutic target for curative CML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kim Kuepper
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marlena Bütow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Herrmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Janine Ziemons
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Maurer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Kirschner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopedics, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Baquero P, Dawson A, Helgason GV. Autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism: insights into their role and therapeutic potential in chronic myeloid leukaemia. FEBS J 2018; 286:1271-1283. [PMID: 30222247 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of selective BCR-ABL-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) transforming the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), therapy-resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) persist after TKI treatment and present an obstacle to a CML cure. Recently, we and others have made significant contributions to the field by unravelling survival dependencies in LSCs to work towards the goal of eradicating LSCs in CML patients. In this review, we describe these findings focusing on autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism, which have recently been uncovered as two essential processes for LSCs quiescence and survival respectively. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism inhibition as a strategy to eliminate CML cells in patients where the resistance to TKI is driven by BCR-ABL-independent mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Baquero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Dawson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Gudmundur Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.,Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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6
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Pellicano F, Park L, Hopcroft LEM, Shah MM, Jackson L, Scott MT, Clarke CJ, Sinclair A, Abraham SA, Hair A, Helgason GV, Aspinall-O'Dea M, Bhatia R, Leone G, Kranc KR, Whetton AD, Holyoake TL. hsa-mir183/EGR1-mediated regulation of E2F1 is required for CML stem/progenitor cell survival. Blood 2018; 131:1532-1544. [PMID: 29437554 PMCID: PMC6027092 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-783845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) express a transcriptional program characteristic of proliferation, yet can achieve and maintain quiescence. Understanding the mechanisms by which leukemic SPCs maintain quiescence will help to clarify how they persist during long-term targeted treatment. We have identified a novel BCR-ABL1 protein kinase-dependent pathway mediated by the upregulation of hsa-mir183, the downregulation of its direct target early growth response 1 (EGR1), and, as a consequence, upregulation of E2F1. We show here that inhibition of hsa-mir183 reduced proliferation and impaired colony formation of CML SPCs. Downstream of this, inhibition of E2F1 also reduced proliferation of CML SPCs, leading to p53-mediated apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrate that E2F1 plays a pivotal role in regulating CML SPC proliferation status. Thus, for the first time, we highlight the mechanism of hsa-mir183/EGR1-mediated E2F1 regulation and demonstrate this axis as a novel, critical factor for CML SPC survival, offering new insights into leukemic stem cell eradication.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pellicano
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Park
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mansi M Shah
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Jackson
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mary T Scott
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cassie J Clarke
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sheela A Abraham
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Hair
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Aspinall-O'Dea
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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7
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Hirao T, Yamaguchi M, Kikuya M, Chibana H, Ito K, Aoki S. Altered intracellular signaling by imatinib increases the anti-cancer effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 109:121-131. [PMID: 29121435 PMCID: PMC5765287 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), including imatinib (IM), improve the outcome of CML therapy. However, TKI treatment is long‐term and can induce resistance to TKI, which often leads to a poor clinical outcome in CML patients. Here, we examined the effect of continuous IM exposure on intracellular energy metabolism in K562 cells, a human Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML cell line, and its subsequent sensitivity to anti‐cancer agents. Contrary to our expectations, we found that continuous IM exposure increased sensitivity to TKI. Cancer energy metabolism, characterized by abnormal glycolysis, is linked to cancer cell survival. Interestingly, glycolytic activity was suppressed by continuous exposure to IM, and autophagy increased to maintain cell viability by compensating for glycolytic suppression. Notably, increased sensitivity to TKI was not caused by glycolytic inhibition but by altered intracellular signaling, causing glycolytic suppression and increased autophagy, as evidenced by suppression of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Using another human CML cell line (KCL22 cells) and BCR/ABL+ Ba/F3 cells (mimicking Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML cells) confirmed that suppressing S6K1 and activating AMPK increased sensitivity to TKI. Furthermore, suppressing S6K1 and activating AMPK had a synergistic anti‐cancer effect by inhibiting autophagy in the presence of TKI. The present study provides new insight into the importance of signaling pathways that affect cellular energy metabolism, and suggests that co‐treatment with agents that disrupt energy metabolic signaling (using S6K1 suppressors and AMPK activators) plus blockade of autophagy may be strategies for TKI‐based CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirao
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Kikuya
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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8
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Shift in energy metabolism caused by glucocorticoids enhances the effect of cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94271-94285. [PMID: 29212227 PMCID: PMC5706873 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. Treatments include glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone, which may be of value when used alongside cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs. To predict therapeutic efficacy of GCs, their activity against ALL cells is usually examined prior to chemotherapy; however, few studies have examined their effects when used in combination with other drugs. The paradox is that cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs that are effective against proliferating cancer cells show synergistic effects when used with GCs that prevent cell proliferation. To address this point, we investigated intracellular energy metabolism in ALL CCRF-CEM cell clones classified according to their sensitivity to Dex and cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs in bulk cultures of mixed cells. We found that Dex suppressed glycolysis, the most important metabolic system in cancer cells, in cells that were damaged by etoposide (a cytotoxic anti-cancer drug), and the cells showed a concomitant increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, autophagy, an intracellular bulk degradation system, regulated mitochondrial viability. We also found that mitochondria, whose function is enhanced by Dex, were susceptible to anti-cancer drugs that inhibit respiratory complexes (e.g., etoposide and daunorubicin), resulting in increased production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent cytotoxicity. Taken together, the present study points the way toward a more accurate prediction of the sensitivity of ALL cells to the combined action of anti-cancer drugs and GCs, by taking into consideration the shift in intracellular energy metabolism caused by GCs: namely, from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation mediated by autophagy.
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9
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Kesarwani M, Kincaid Z, Gomaa A, Huber E, Rohrabaugh S, Siddiqui Z, Bouso MF, Latif T, Xu M, Komurov K, Mulloy JC, Cancelas JA, Grimes HL, Azam M. Targeting c-FOS and DUSP1 abrogates intrinsic resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy in BCR-ABL-induced leukemia. Nat Med 2017; 23:472-482. [PMID: 28319094 PMCID: PMC5424814 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for human cancers is not curative, with relapse due to the continuing presence of tumor cells, referred to as minimal residual disease (MRD) cells. MRD stem or progenitor cells survival in the absence of oncogenic kinase signaling, a phenomenon referred to as intrinsic resistance, depends on diverse growth factors. Here, we report that oncogenic kinase and growth factor signaling converge to induce the expression of the signaling proteins c-Fos and Dusp1. Genetic deletion of c-Fos and Dusp1 suppressed tumor growth in a BCR-ABL-induced mouse model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Pharmacological inhibition of c-Fos, Dusp1 and BCR-ABL eradicated MRD in multiple in vivo models, as well as in primary CML patient xenotransplanted mice. Growth factor signaling also conferred TKI resistance and induced c-FOS and DUSP1 expression in tumor cells modeling other types of kinase-driven leukemias. Our data demonstrate that c-Fos and Dusp1 expression levels determine the threshold of TKI efficacy, such that growth factor-induced expression of c-Fos and Dusp1 confers intrinsic resistance to TKI therapy in a wide-ranging set of leukemias, and may represent a unifying Achilles heel of kinase-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Kesarwani
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Kincaid
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erika Huber
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Rohrabaugh
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zain Siddiqui
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Muhammad F Bouso
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tahir Latif
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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10
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Chorzalska A, Kim JF, Roder K, Tepper A, Ahsan N, Rao RSP, Olszewski AJ, Yu X, Terentyev D, Morgan J, Treaba DO, Zhao TC, Liang O, Gruppuso PA, Dubielecka PM. Long-Term Exposure to Imatinib Mesylate Downregulates Hippo Pathway and Activates YAP in a Model of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:656-677. [PMID: 28103766 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), leukemic stem/progenitor cells remain detectable even in the state of deep molecular remission. Mechanisms that allow them to persist despite continued kinase inhibition remain unclear. We have previously shown that prolonged exposure to imatinib mesylate (IM) results in dysregulation of Akt/Erk 1/2 signaling, upregulation of miR-181a, enhanced adhesiveness, and resistance to high IM. To characterize the molecular basis and reversibility of those effects, we applied gene and protein expression analysis, quantitative phosphoproteomics, and direct miR-181a inhibition to our cellular model of CML cells subjected to prolonged exposure to IM. Those cells demonstrated upregulation of pluripotency markers (SOX2, SALL4) and adhesion receptors (CD44, VLA-4, CXCR4), as well as downregulation of Hippo signaling and upregulation of transcription coactivator YAP. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-181a using a microRNA sponge inhibitor resulted in decreased transcription of SOX2 and SALL4, decreased activation of YAP, and increased sensitivity to IM. Our findings indicate that long-term exposure to IM results in dysregulation of stem cell renewal-regulatory Hippo/YAP signaling, acquisition of expression of stem cell markers and that experimental interference with YAP activity may help to restore chemosensitivity to TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chorzalska
- 1 Signal Transduction Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Javier Flores Kim
- 1 Signal Transduction Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Karim Roder
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexander Tepper
- 1 Signal Transduction Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- 3 Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University , Center for Cancer Research and Development Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - R Shyama Prasad Rao
- 4 Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | - Adam J Olszewski
- 5 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- 6 Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John Morgan
- 7 Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, Roger Williams Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Diana O Treaba
- 8 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ting C Zhao
- 9 Cardiovascular Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Olin Liang
- 5 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,10 Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- 11 Department of Pediatrics, Brown University , Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- 1 Signal Transduction Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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11
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Inhibition of interleukin-1 signaling enhances elimination of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated CML stem cells. Blood 2016; 128:2671-2682. [PMID: 27621307 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-679928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) fails to eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSC). Patients remain at risk for relapse, and additional approaches to deplete CML LSC are needed to enhance the possibility of discontinuing TKI treatment. We have previously reported that expression of the pivotal proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) is increased in CML bone marrow. We show here that CML LSC demonstrated increased expression of the IL-1 receptors, IL-1 receptor accessory protein and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), and enhanced sensitivity to IL-1-induced NF-κB signaling compared with normal stem cells. Treatment with recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) inhibited IL-1 signaling in CML LSC and inhibited growth of CML LSC. Importantly, the combination of IL-1RA with TKI resulted in significantly greater inhibition of CML LSC compared with TKI alone. Our studies also suggest that IL-1 signaling contributes to overexpression of inflammatory mediators in CML LSC, suggesting that blocking IL-1 signaling could modulate the inflammatory milieu. We conclude that IL-1 signaling contributes to maintenance of CML LSC following TKI treatment and that IL-1 blockade with IL-1RA enhances elimination of TKI-treated CML LSC. These results provide a strong rationale for further exploration of anti-IL-1 strategies to enhance LSC elimination in CML.
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12
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Inverse regulation of bridging integrator 1 and BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:217-25. [PMID: 26194865 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is the major regulator process of tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) functional activities. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is a key protein involved in RTK intracellular trafficking. Here, we report, by studying 34 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at diagnosis, that BIN1 gene is downregulated in CML as compared to healthy controls, suggesting an altered endocytosis of RTKs. Rab interactor 1 (RIN1), an activator of BIN1, displayed a similar behavior. Treatment of 57 patients by tyrosine kinase inhibitors caused, along with BCR-ABL1 inactivation, an increase of BIN1 and RIN1 expression, potentially restoring endocytosis. There was a significant inverse correlation between BIN1-RIN1 and BCR-ABL1 expression. In vitro experiments on both CML and nontumorigenic cell lines treated with Imatinib confirmed these results. In order to provide another proof in favor of BIN1 and RIN1 endocytosis function in CML, we demonstrated that Imatinib induced, in K562 cell line, BIN1-RIN1 upregulation accompanied by a parallel AXL receptor internalization into cytoplasmic compartment. This study shows a novel deregulated mechanism in CML patients, indicating BIN1 and RIN1 as players in the maintenance of the abnormal RTK signaling in this hematological disease.
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13
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Ma L, Shan Y, Bai R, Xue L, Eide CA, Ou J, Zhu LJ, Hutchinson L, Cerny J, Khoury HJ, Sheng Z, Druker BJ, Li S, Green MR. A therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:252ra121. [PMID: 25186176 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) poses a major problem for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IM resistance often results from a secondary mutation in BCR-ABL that interferes with drug binding. However, in many instances, there is no mutation in BCR-ABL, and the basis of such BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance remains to be elucidated. To gain insight into BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance mechanisms, we performed a large-scale RNA interference screen and identified IM-sensitizing genes (IMSGs) whose knockdown renders BCR-ABL(+) cells IM-resistant. In these IMSG knockdown cells, RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is sustained after IM treatment because of up-regulation of PRKCH, which encodes the protein kinase C (PKC) family member PKCη, an activator of CRAF. PRKCH is also up-regulated in samples from CML patients with BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved MEK inhibitor, synergistically kills BCR-ABL(+) IMSG knockdown cells and prolongs survival in mouse models of BCR-ABL-independent IM-resistant CML. Finally, we showed that CML stem cells contain high levels of PRKCH, and this contributes to their intrinsic IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib synergistically kills CML stem cells with negligible effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively, our results identify a therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance in CML and CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Shan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Robert Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Liting Xue
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua J Zhu
- Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jan Cerny
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hanna Jean Khoury
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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14
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Potential role of Notch signalling in CD34+ chronic myeloid leukaemia cells: cross-talk between Notch and BCR-ABL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123016. [PMID: 25849484 PMCID: PMC4388554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling is critical for haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and survival. The role of Notch signalling has been reported recently in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – a stem cell disease characterized by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activation. Therefore, we studied the relationship between BCR-ABL and Notch signalling and assessed the expression patterns of Notch and its downstream target Hes1 in CD34+ stem and progenitor cells from chronic-phase CML patients and bone marrow (BM) from normal subjects (NBM). We found significant upregulation (p<0.05) of Notch1, Notch2 and Hes1 on the most primitive CD34+Thy+ subset of CML CD34+ cells suggesting that active Notch signalling in CML primitive progenitors. In addition, Notch1 was also expressed in distinct lymphoid and myeloid progenitors within the CD34+ population of primary CML cells. To further delineate the possible role and interactions of Notch with BCR-ABL in CD34+ primary cells from chronic-phase CML, we used P-crkl detection as a surrogate assay of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity. Our data revealed that Imatinib (IM) induced BCR-ABL inhibition results in significant (p<0.05) upregulation of Notch activity, assessed by Hes1 expression. Similarly, inhibition of Notch leads to hyperactivation of BCR-ABL. This antagonistic relationship between Notch and BCR-ABL signalling was confirmed in K562 and ALL-SIL cell lines. In K562, we further validated this antagonistic relationship by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) - an effector pathway of Hes1, using valproic acid (VPA) - a HDAC inhibitor. Finally, we also confirmed the potential antagonism between Notch and BCR/ABL in In Vivo, using publically available GSE-database, by analysing gene expression profile of paired samples from chronic-phase CML patients pre- and post-Imatinib therapy. Thus, we have demonstrated an antagonistic relationship between Notch and BCR-ABL in CML. A combined inhibition of Notch and BCR-ABL may therefore provide superior clinical response over tyrosine-kinase inhibitor monotherapy by targeting both quiescent leukaemic stem cells and differentiated leukaemic cells and hence must be explored.
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15
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Tomiatti V, Istvánffy R, Pietschmann E, Kratzat S, Hoellein A, Quintanilla-Fend L, von Bubnoff N, Peschel C, Oostendorp RAJ, Keller U. Cks1 is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and cycling, operating upstream of Cdk inhibitors. Oncogene 2014; 34:4347-57. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Pellicano F, Scott MT, Helgason GV, Hopcroft LEM, Allan EK, Aspinall-O'Dea M, Copland M, Pierce A, Huntly BJP, Whetton AD, Holyoake TL. The antiproliferative activity of kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia cells is mediated by FOXO transcription factors. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2324-37. [PMID: 24806995 PMCID: PMC4282530 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is initiated and maintained by the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL which activates a number of signal transduction pathways, including PI3K/AKT signaling and consequently inactivates FOXO transcription factors. ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce minimal apoptosis in CML progenitor cells, yet exert potent antiproliferative effects, through as yet poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that in CD34+ CML cells, FOXO1 and 3a are inactivated and relocalized to the cytoplasm by BCR-ABL activity. TKIs caused a decrease in phosphorylation of FOXOs, leading to their relocalization from cytoplasm (inactive) to nucleus (active), where they modulated the expression of key FOXO target genes, such as Cyclin D1, ATM, CDKN1C, and BCL6 and induced G1 arrest. Activation of FOXO1 and 3a and a decreased expression of their target gene Cyclin D1 were also observed after 6 days of in vivo treatment with dasatinib in a CML transgenic mouse model. The over-expression of FOXO3a in CML cells combined with TKIs to reduce proliferation, with similar results seen for inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. While stable expression of an active FOXO3a mutant induced a similar level of quiescence to TKIs alone, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3a drove CML cells into cell cycle and potentiated TKI-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that TKI-induced G1 arrest in CML cells is mediated through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and reactivation of FOXOs. This enhanced understanding of TKI activity and induced progenitor cell quiescence suggests that new therapeutic strategies for CML should focus on manipulation of this signaling network.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dasatinib/pharmacology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pellicano
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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17
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18
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Smahel M. Antigens in chronic myeloid leukemia: implications for vaccine development. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1655-68. [PMID: 22033582 PMCID: PMC11028763 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with imatinib mesylate and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) revolutionized the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, it alone does not cure this disease. Moreover, some patients develop resistance or adverse effects to this therapy. As successful treatment of a portion of CML patients by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) suggests the importance of immune mechanisms in the elimination of leukemic cells, including leukemia stem cells, TKI administration or HSCT might be combined with vaccination to cure CML patients. However, antigens implicated in the immune responses have not yet been sufficiently identified. Therefore, in this report, we compiled and characterized a list of 165 antigens associated with CML (CML-Ag165) and analyzed the expression of the corresponding genes in CML phases, subpopulations of leukemic cells, and CML-derived cell lines using available datasets from microarray transcriptional-profiling studies. From the CML-Ag165 list, we selected antigens most suitable for vaccine development and evaluated their appropriate characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Smahel
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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19
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Hurtz C, Hatzi K, Cerchietti L, Braig M, Park E, Kim YM, Herzog S, Ramezani-Rad P, Jumaa H, Müller MC, Hofmann WK, Hochhaus A, Ye BH, Agarwal A, Druker BJ, Shah NP, Melnick AM, Müschen M. BCL6-mediated repression of p53 is critical for leukemia stem cell survival in chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2163-74. [PMID: 21911423 PMCID: PMC3201200 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is induced by the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase and can be effectively treated for many years with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, unless CML patients receive life-long TKI treatment, leukemia will eventually recur; this is attributed to the failure of TKI treatment to eradicate leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Recent work demonstrated that FoxO factors are critical for maintenance of CML-initiating cells; however, the mechanism of FoxO-dependent leukemia initiation remained elusive. Here, we identified the BCL6 protooncogene as a critical effector downstream of FoxO in self-renewal signaling of CML-initiating cells. BCL6 represses Arf and p53 in CML cells and is required for colony formation and initiation of leukemia. Importantly, peptide inhibition of BCL6 in human CML cells compromises colony formation and leukemia initiation in transplant recipients and selectively eradicates CD34+ CD38− LICs in patient-derived CML samples. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of BCL6 may represent a novel strategy to eradicate LICs in CML. Clinical validation of this concept could limit the duration of TKI treatment in CML patients, which is currently life-long, and substantially decrease the risk of blast crisis transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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20
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SHP-1 expression accounts for resistance to imatinib treatment in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells derived from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 2011; 118:3634-44. [PMID: 21821701 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-341073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We prove that the SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) plays a prominent role as resistance determinant of imatinib (IMA) treatment response in chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines (sensitive/KCL22-S and resistant/KCL22-R). Indeed, SHP-1 expression is significantly lower in resistant than in sensitive cell line, in which coimmunoprecipitation analysis shows the interaction between SHP-1 and a second tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, a positive regulator of RAS/MAPK pathway. In KCL22-R SHP-1 ectopic expression restores both SHP-1/SHP-2 interaction and IMA responsiveness; it also decreases SHP-2 activity after IMA treatment. Consistently, SHP-2 knocking-down in KCL22-R reduces either STAT3 activation or cell viability after IMA exposure. Therefore, our data suggest that SHP-1 plays an important role in BCR-ABL-independent IMA resistance modulating the activation signals that SHP-2 receives from both BCR/ABL and membrane receptor tyrosine kinases. The role of SHP-1 as a determinant of IMA sensitivity has been further confirmed in 60 consecutive untreated patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, whose SHP-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in case of IMA treatment failure (P < .0001). In conclusion, we suggest that SHP-1 could be a new biologic indicator at baseline of IMA sensitivity in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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