1
|
Yang L, Liu Q, Lu Q, Xiao JJ, Fu AY, Wang S, Ni L, Hu JW, Yu H, Wu X, Zhang BF. Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Deficiency Induces Iron Overload and Ferroptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/Transferrin Receptor 1 Signaling Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 41:56-73. [PMID: 38062756 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Scavenger receptor class B type I (SRBI) promotes cell cholesterol efflux and the clearance of plasma cholesterol. Thus, SRBI deficiency causes abnormal cholesterol metabolism and hyperlipidemia. Studies have suggested that ferroptosis is involved in lipotoxicity; however, whether SRBI deficiency could induce ferroptosis remains to be investigated. Results: We knocked down or knocked out SRBI in renal HK-2 cells and C57BL/6 mice to determine the expression levels of ferroptosis-related regulators. Our results demonstrated that SRBI deficiency upregulates transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) expression and downregulates ferroportin expression, which induces iron overload and subsequent ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells. TFR1 is known to be regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Next, we investigated whether SRBI deletion affected HIF-1α. SRBI deletion upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, and promoted its translocation to the nucleus. To determine whether HIF-1α plays a key role in SRBI-deficiency-induced ferroptosis, we used HIF-1α inhibitor and siHIF-1α in HK-2 cells, and found that downregulation of HIF-1α prevented SRBI-silencing-induced TFR1 upregulation and iron overload, and eventually reduced ferroptosis. The underlying mechanism of HIF-1α activation was explored next, and the results showed that SRBI knockout or knockdown may upregulate the expression of HIF-1α, and promote HIF-1α translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus via the PKC-β/NF-κB signaling pathway. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study showed, for the first time, that SRBI deficiency induces iron overload and subsequent ferroptosis via the HIF-1α/TFR1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LiJiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan, China
| | - QianYu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan, China
| | - An-Yao Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan, China
| | - LiHua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Wei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan, China
| | - XiaoYan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xie M, Ji X, Luo X, Huang W, Xia L. Homeobox Genes in Cancers: From Carcinogenesis to Recent Therapeutic Intervention. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770428. [PMID: 34722321 PMCID: PMC8551923 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox (HOX) genes encoding an evolutionarily highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcriptional factors are essential for embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. HOX genes are involved in cell identity determination during early embryonic development and postnatal processes. The deregulation of HOX genes is closely associated with numerous human malignancies, highlighting the indispensable involvement in mortal cancer development. Since most HOX genes behave as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer, a better comprehension of their upstream regulators and downstream targets contributes to elucidating the function of HOX genes in cancer development. In addition, targeting HOX genes may imply therapeutic potential. Recently, novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting tyrosine receptor kinases, small molecular chemical inhibitors, and small interfering RNA strategies, are difficult to implement for targeting transcriptional factors on account of the dual function and pleiotropic nature of HOX genes-related molecular networks. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the roles of HOX genes in human cancer and emphasizes the emerging importance of HOX genes as potential therapeutic targets to overcome the limitations of present cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Candelaria PV, Leoh LS, Penichet ML, Daniels-Wells TR. Antibodies Targeting the Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) as Direct Anti-cancer Agents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607692. [PMID: 33815364 PMCID: PMC8010148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), also known as cluster of differentiation 71 (CD71), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that binds transferrin (Tf) and performs a critical role in cellular iron uptake through the interaction with iron-bound Tf. Iron is required for multiple cellular processes and is essential for DNA synthesis and, thus, cellular proliferation. Due to its central role in cancer cell pathology, malignant cells often overexpress TfR1 and this increased expression can be associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer. The elevated levels of TfR1 expression on malignant cells, together with its extracellular accessibility, ability to internalize, and central role in cancer cell pathology make this receptor an attractive target for antibody-mediated therapy. The TfR1 can be targeted by antibodies for cancer therapy in two distinct ways: (1) indirectly through the use of antibodies conjugated to anti-cancer agents that are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis or (2) directly through the use of antibodies that disrupt the function of the receptor and/or induce Fc effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Although TfR1 has been used extensively as a target for antibody-mediated cancer therapy over the years, interest continues to increase for both targeting the receptor for delivery purposes and for its use as direct anti-cancer agents. This review focuses on the developments in the use of antibodies targeting TfR1 as direct anti-tumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre V. Candelaria
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lai Sum Leoh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- The Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tracy R. Daniels-Wells
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paço A, Freitas R. HOX genes as transcriptional and epigenetic regulators during tumorigenesis and their value as therapeutic targets. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1539-1552. [PMID: 31556724 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several HOX genes are aberrantly expressed in a wide range of cancers interfering with their development and resistance to treatment. This seems to be often caused by alterations in the methylation profiles of their promoters. The role of HOX gene products in cancer is highly 'tissue specific', relying ultimately on their ability to regulate oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, directly as transcriptional regulators or indirectly interfering with the levels of epigenetic regulators. Nowadays, different strategies have been tested the use of HOX genes as therapeutic targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we trace the history of the research concerning the involvement of HOX genes in cancer, their connection with epigenetic regulation and their potential use as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paço
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renata Freitas
- I3S - Institute for Innovation & Health Research, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Institute for Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lambert M, Alioui M, Jambon S, Depauw S, Van Seuningen I, David-Cordonnier MH. Direct and Indirect Targeting of HOXA9 Transcription Factor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060837. [PMID: 31213012 PMCID: PMC6627208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 (Homeobox A9) is a homeotic transcription factor known for more than two decades to be associated with leukemia. The expression of HOXA9 homeoprotein is associated with anterior-posterior patterning during embryonic development, and its expression is then abolished in most adult cells, with the exception of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The oncogenic function of HOXA9 was first assessed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in the mixed-phenotype associated lineage leukemia (MPAL) subtype. HOXA9 expression in AML is associated with aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Since then, HOXA9 has been involved in other hematopoietic malignancies and an increasing number of solid tumors. Despite this, HOXA9 was for a long time not targeted to treat cancer, mainly since, as a transcription factor, it belongs to a class of protein long considered to be an "undruggable" target; however, things have now evolved. The aim of the present review is to focus on the different aspects of HOXA9 targeting that could be achieved through multiple ways: (1) indirectly, through the inhibition of its expression, a strategy acting principally at the epigenetic level; or (2) directly, through the inhibition of its transcription factor function by acting at either the protein/protein interaction or the protein/DNA interaction interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences and Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Meryem Alioui
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences and Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Samy Jambon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences and Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences and Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences and Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences and Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France.
- Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Homeobox B4 gene expression is upregulated by ghrelin through PI3-kinase signaling pathway in rat's bone marrow stromal cells. Endocr Regul 2019; 53:65-70. [PMID: 31517625 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide, has diverse physiological roles. Phosphatidylino-sitol-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are involved in some of the recognized actions of ghrelin. It has been shown that ghrelin upregulates HOXB4 gene expression but the real mechanism of this effect is not clear. METHODS Rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured in DMEM. BMSCs were treated with ghrelin (100 μM) for 48 h. Real-time PCR for HOXB4 was performed from Control (untreated BMSCs), BG (BMSCs treated with 100 µM ghrelin), PD (BMSCs treated with 10 µM PD98059, a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase, and 100 µM ghrelin), LY (BM-SCs treated with 10 µM LY294002, a strong inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and 100 µM ghrelin) and SY (BMSCs treated with 10 µM LY294002 plus 10 µM PD98059, and 100 µM ghrelin) groups. Relative gene expression changes were determined using Relative expression software tool 9 (REST 9). RESULTS HOXB4 gene has been overexpressed in ghrelin-treated BMSCs (p<0.05). PI3K inhi-bition by LY294002 significantly downregulated the ghrelin-induced overexpression of HOXB4 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION We can conclude that ghrelin, through PI3K/Akt pathway, may improve BMSC transplantation potency by reducing its apoptosis. Moreover, upregulating HOXB4 in BMSC and its possible differentiation to HSCs might in the future open the doors to new treatment for hematologic disorders. Therefore, activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, instead of using a non-specific inducer, could be the principal point to increase the efficiency of BMSC-based cell therapies in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdanipour A, Shahsavandi B, Alipour M, Feizi H. Ghrelin Upregulates Hoxb4 Gene Expression in Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:183-187. [PMID: 29633595 PMCID: PMC5893289 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ghrelin is a peptide which has a proliferative and antiapoptotic effect in many cells including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Homeobox protein B4 (HOXB4) is a transcription factor involved in stem cell regeneration and survival. The aim of the study was to find out the efect of ghrelin on Hoxb4 expression in BMSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, rat BMSCs were cultivated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Passage three BMSCs were treated with ghrelin 100 μM for 48 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out from the untreated BMSCs (B), BMSCs treated with 125 μM H2O2 (BH), BMSCs treated with 100 μM ghrelin then 125 μM H2O2 (BGH) and BMSCs treated with 100 μM ghrelin (BG) groups. For immunofluorescence, cells were incubated with an anti-HOXB4 monoclonal antibody. Primary antibodies were visualized using the Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) method. All data are presented as mean ± SEM and P<0.05 was considered as statistical significant. RESULTS Hoxb4 expression significantly increased in the BG compared with BH and BGH groups. Furthermore, 100 μM ghrelin, increased the mean of HOXB4 positive immunoreactive cells compared to the BH group. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin probably enhances proliferation and viability of BMSCs through Hoxb4 upregulation. However, the signaling pathway and other biological outcomes of this effect should be elucidated in different stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abdanipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shahsavandi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hadi Feizi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alharbi RA, Pandha HS, Simpson GR, Pettengell R, Poterlowicz K, Thompson A, Harrington K, El-Tanani M, Morgan R. Inhibition of HOX/PBX dimer formation leads to necroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89566-89579. [PMID: 29163771 PMCID: PMC5685692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes encode a family of transcription factors that have key roles in both development and malignancy. Disrupting the interaction between HOX proteins and their binding partner, PBX, has been shown to cause apoptotic cell death in a range of solid tumors. However, despite HOX proteins playing a particularly significant role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the relationship between HOX gene expression and patient survival has not been evaluated (with the exception of HOXA9), and the mechanism by which HOX/PBX inhibition induces cell death in this malignancy is not well understood. In this study, we show that the expression of HOXA5, HOXB2, HOXB4, HOXB9, and HOXC9, but not HOXA9, in primary AML samples is significantly related to survival. Furthermore, the previously described inhibitor of HOX/PBX dimerization, HXR9, is cytotoxic to both AML-derived cell lines and primary AML cells from patients. The mechanism of cell death is not dependent on apoptosis but instead involves a regulated form of necrosis referred to as necroptosis. HXR9-induced necroptosis is enhanced by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, and HXR9 combined with the PKC inhibitor Ro31 causes a significantly greater reduction in tumor growth compared to either reagent alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed A Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | - Alexander Thompson
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Settu K, Liu JT, Chen CJ, Tsai JZ. Development of carbon-graphene-based aptamer biosensor for EN2 protein detection. Anal Biochem 2017; 534:99-107. [PMID: 28709900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a screen-printed carbon-graphene-based electrochemical biosensor for EN2 protein detection. The engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a biomarker for prostate cancer, is known to be a strong binder to a specific DNA sequence (5'-TAATTA-3') to regulate transcription. To take advantage of this intrinsic property, aptamer probes with TAATTA sequence was immobilized onto the screen-printed carbon-graphene electrode surface via EDC-NHS coupling approach. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the electrochemical measurement technique was employed for the quantitative detection of EN2 protein. The hindrance to the redox reaction of potassium ferricyanide on the biosensor surface due to the binding of the immobilized aptamer with its target EN2 protein quantified the protein concentration. Under optimum conditions, the aptamer biosensor can detect EN2 protein over a linear range from 35 to 185 nM with a detection limit of 38.5 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Settu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University, Sanxia, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-electronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jang-Zern Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barandalla M, Shi H, Xiao H, Colleoni S, Galli C, Lio P, Trotter M, Lazzari G. Global gene expression profiling and senescence biomarker analysis of hESC exposed to H 2O 2 induced non-cytotoxic oxidative stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:160. [PMID: 28676096 PMCID: PMC5497375 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) potentially offer new routes to study, on the basis of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, how the maternal environment during pregnancy influences the offspring’s health and can predispose to chronic disease in later life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defences and cellular redox status play a key function in gene expression regulation and are involved in diabetes and metabolic syndromes as in ageing. Methods We have, therefore, designed an in vitro cell model of oxidative stress by exposing hESCs to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during 72 h, in order to resemble the period of preimplantation embryonic development. Results We have analysed the global gene expression profiles of hESCs (HUES3) exposed to non-cytotoxic H2O2 concentrations, using Illumina microarray HT-12 v4, and we found the differential expression of 569 upregulated and 485 downregulated genes. The most affected gene ontology categories were those related with RNA processing and splicing, oxidation reduction and sterol metabolic processes. We compared our findings with a published RNA-seq profiling dataset of human embryos developed in vitro, thereupon exposed to oxidative stress, and we observed that one of the common downregulated genes between this publication and our data, NEDD1, is involved in centrosome structure and function. Conclusions Therefore, we assessed the presence of supernumerary centrosomes and showed that the percentage of cells with more than two centrosomes increased acutely with H2O2 treatment in hESCs (HUES3 and 7) and in a control somatic cell line (Hs27), inducing a premature entry into senescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0602-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barandalla
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy.
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Xiao
- Computer laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Lio
- Computer laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Trotter
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe (CITRE), Seville, Spain
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea srl, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, Cremona, 26100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morgan R, Simpson G, Gray S, Gillett C, Tabi Z, Spicer J, Harrington KJ, Pandha HS. HOX transcription factors are potential targets and markers in malignant mesothelioma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:85. [PMID: 26867567 PMCID: PMC4750173 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HOX genes are a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine cellular identity during development and which are dys-regulated in some cancers. In this study we examined the expression and oncogenic function of HOX genes in mesothelioma, a cancer arising from the pleura or peritoneum which is associated with exposure to asbestos. METHODS We tested the sensitivity of the mesothelioma-derived lines MSTO-211H, NCI-H28, NCI-H2052, and NCI-H226 to HXR9, a peptide antagonist of HOX protein binding to its PBX co-factor. Apoptosis was measured using a FACS-based assay with Annexin, and HOX gene expression profiles were established using RT-QPCR on RNA extracted from cell lines and primary mesotheliomas. The in vivo efficacy of HXR9 was tested in a mouse MSTO-211H flank tumor xenograft model. RESULTS We show that HOX genes are significantly dysregulated in malignant mesothelioma. Targeting HOX genes with HXR9 caused apoptotic cell death in all of the mesothelioma-derived cell lines, and prevented the growth of mesothelioma tumors in a mouse xenograft model. Furthermore, the sensitivity of these lines to HXR9 correlated with the relative expression of HOX genes that have either an oncogenic or tumor suppressive function in cancer. The analysis of HOX expression in primary mesothelioma tumors indicated that these cells could also be sensitive to the disruption of HOX activity by HXR9, and that the expression of HOXB4 is strongly associated with overall survival. CONCLUSION HOX genes are a potential therapeutic target in mesothelioma, and HOXB4 expression correlates with overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- />Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - Guy Simpson
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sophie Gray
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- />Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- />Institute of Cancer and Genetics, University of Cardiff School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Spicer
- />Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- />Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hardev S. Pandha
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xuan F, Huang M, Liu W, Ding H, Yang L, Cui H. Homeobox C9 suppresses Beclin1-mediated autophagy in glioblastoma by directly inhibiting the transcription of death-associated protein kinase 1. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:819-29. [PMID: 26582930 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor homeobox C9 (HOXC9) plays a crucial role in developmental regulatory systems, where it determines the specific positional identities of cells along the anteroposterior axis. The expression of HOXC9 has been found to be dysregulated in some cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma. Here, we report for the first time that HOXC9 is a novel autophagy regulator and reveal its oncogenic role in cell survival and its usefulness as a prognostic marker in glioblastoma patients. METHODS Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the possible prognostic value of HOXC9 in glioblastoma. Growth curve assays, subcutaneous, and orthotopic implantations were used to analyze cell viability and tumor formation, respectively. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to explore the mechanisms involved in the association between HOXC9 and its downstream effector, death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1). RESULTS High expression of HOXC9 was found to be an indicator of a poor prognosis in glioblastoma. HOXC9 knockdown resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity and a marked increase in autophagy. During the autophagy process, HOXC9 inhibited DAPK1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. The downregulation of HOXC9 releases its transcriptional inhibition of DAPK1, resulting in the activation of the DAPK1-Beclin1 pathway, which induces autophagy in glioblastoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicate that HOXC9 is an oncogene in glioblastoma. We have revealed its role in the control of autophagy, and we suggest that HOXC9 is a novel and promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (F.X., M.H., W.L., L.Y., H.C.); Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (H.D.)
| | - Mengying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (F.X., M.H., W.L., L.Y., H.C.); Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (H.D.)
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (F.X., M.H., W.L., L.Y., H.C.); Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (H.D.)
| | - Hanfei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (F.X., M.H., W.L., L.Y., H.C.); Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (H.D.)
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (F.X., M.H., W.L., L.Y., H.C.); Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (H.D.)
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (F.X., M.H., W.L., L.Y., H.C.); Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia (H.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HOX genes are a family of transcription factors that help to determine cell and tissue identity during early development, and which are also over-expressed in a number of malignancies where they have been shown to promote cell proliferation and survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of HOX genes in prostate cancer and to establish whether prostate cancer cells are sensitive to killing by HXR9, an inhibitor of HOX function. METHODS HOX function was inhibited using the HXR9 peptide. HOX gene expression was assessed by RNA extraction from cells or tissues followed by quantitative PCR, and siRNA was used to block the expression of the HOX target gene, cFos. In vivo modelling involved a mouse flank tumour induced by inoculation with LNCaP cells. RESULTS In this study we show that the expression of HOX genes in prostate tumours is greatly increased with respect to normal prostate tissue. Targeting the interaction between HOX proteins and their PBX cofactor induces apoptosis in the prostate cancer derived cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP, through a mechanism that involves a rapid increase in the expression of cFos, an oncogenic transcription factor. Furthermore, disrupting HOX/PBX binding using the HXR9 antagonist blocks the growth of LNCaP tumours in a xenograft model over an extended period. CONCLUSION Many HOX genes are highly over-expressed in prostate cancer, and prostate cancer cells are sensitive to killing by HXR9 both in vitro and in vivo. The HOX genes are therefore a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
Peptide-based inhibition of the HOXA9/PBX interaction retards the growth of human meningioma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 73:53-60. [PMID: 24141373 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas are the most common type of intracranial tumor, accounting for between 24 and 30 % of primary intracranial tumors. Thus far, no biomarkers exist to reliably predict the clinical outcome of meningiomas. A previous genome-wide methylation analysis revealed that HOXA9 is one of the most functionally relevant biomarkers. In this study, we have examined whether HOXA9 is a potential therapeutic target in meningiomas, using HXR9, a peptide inhibitor of the interaction between HOXA9 and its cofactor PBX. METHODS We determined the expression level of HOXA9 in human meningiomas, meningioma cell lines, and normal brain tissue. Meningioma in culture and in subcutaneous tumors was treated with HXR9. We also examined the disruption of HOXA9/PBX dimers. RESULTS We first confirmed that HOXA9 is highly expressed in meningiomas, but not in normal brain tissue. The HXR9 peptide blocks the binding of HOXA9 to PBX, leading to an alteration of DNA binding, and subsequent regulation of their target genes. HXR9 markedly inhibited the growth of meningioma cells and subcutaneous meningeal tumors. CONCLUSION There is no effective chemotherapy for meningiomas at present, and targeting the HOXA9/PBX interaction may represent a novel treatment option for this disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kocak H, Ackermann S, Hero B, Kahlert Y, Oberthuer A, Juraeva D, Roels F, Theissen J, Westermann F, Deubzer H, Ehemann V, Brors B, Odenthal M, Berthold F, Fischer M. Hox-C9 activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and is associated with spontaneous regression in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e586. [PMID: 23579273 PMCID: PMC3668636 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Spontaneous regression and differentiation of neuroblastoma is observed in a subset of patients, and has been suggested to represent delayed activation of physiologic molecular programs of fetal neuroblasts. Homeobox genes constitute an important family of transcription factors, which play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and cell differentiation during embryogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that expression of the majority of the human HOX class I homeobox genes is significantly associated with clinical covariates in neuroblastoma using microarray expression data of 649 primary tumors. Moreover, a HOX gene expression-based classifier predicted neuroblastoma patient outcome independently of age, stage and MYCN amplification status. Among all HOX genes, HOXC9 expression was most prominently associated with favorable prognostic markers. Most notably, elevated HOXC9 expression was significantly associated with spontaneous regression in infant neuroblastoma. Re-expression of HOXC9 in three neuroblastoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in cell viability, and abrogated tumor growth almost completely in neuroblastoma xenografts. Neuroblastoma growth arrest was related to the induction of programmed cell death, as indicated by an increase in the sub-G1 fraction and translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane. Programmed cell death was associated with the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol and activation of the intrinsic cascade of caspases, indicating that HOXC9 re-expression triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Collectively, our results show a strong prognostic impact of HOX gene expression in neuroblastoma, and may point towards a role of Hox-C9 in neuroblastoma spontaneous regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kocak
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Arnovitz S, Chen P, Huang H, Jiang X, Hong GM, Kunjamma RB, Ren H, He C, Wang CZ, Elkahloun AG, Valk PJM, Döhner K, Neilly MB, Bullinger L, Delwel R, Löwenberg B, Liu PP, Morgan R, Rowley JD, Yuan CS, Chen J. PBX3 is an important cofactor of HOXA9 in leukemogenesis. Blood 2013; 121:1422-31. [PMID: 23264595 PMCID: PMC3578957 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-442004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although PBX proteins are known to increase DNA-binding/transcriptional activity of HOX proteins through their direct binding, the functional importance of their interaction in leukemogenesis is unclear.We recently reported that overexpression of a 4-homeobox-gene signature (ie, PBX3/HOXA7/HOXA9/HOXA11) is an independent predictor of poor survival in patients with cytogenetically abnormal acute myeloid leukemia (CA-AML). Here we show that it is PBX3, but not PBX1 or PBX2, that is consistently coexpressed with HOXA9 in various subtypes of CA-AML, particularly MLL-rearranged AML, and thus appears as a potential pathologic cofactor of HOXA9 in CA-AML. We then show that depletion of endogenous Pbx3 expression by shRNA significantly inhibits MLL-fusion-mediated cell transformation, and coexpressed PBX3 exhibits a significantly synergistic effect with HOXA9 in promoting cell transformation in vitro and leukemogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, we show that a small peptide, namely HXR9, which was developed to specifically disrupt the interactions between HOX and PBX proteins, can selectively kill leukemic cells with overexpression of HOXA/PBX3 genes. Collectively, our data suggest that PBX3 is a critical cofactor of HOXA9 in leukemogenesis, and targeting their interaction is a feasible strategy to treat presently therapy resistant CA-AML (eg, MLL-rearranged leukemia) in which HOXA/PBX3 genes are overexpressed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Cells/physiology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Line, Transformed
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/physiology
- Gene Rearrangement/genetics
- HEK293 Cells
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Homeodomain Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejuan Li
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The homeobox (HOX) genes are a highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that specify cell identity in early development and, subsequently, in a number of adult processes including hematopoiesis. The dysregulation of HOX genes is associated with a number of malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), where they have been shown to support the immortalization of leukemic cells both as chimeric partners in fusion genes and when overexpressed in their wild-type form. This review covers our current understanding of the role of HOX genes in normal hematopoiesis, AML and ALL, with particular emphasis on the similarities and differences of HOX function in these contexts, their hematopoietic downstream gene targets and implications for therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hou L, Xu B, Mohankumar KM, Goffin V, Perry JK, Lobie PE, Liu DX. The prolactin receptor mediates HOXA1-stimulated oncogenicity in mammary carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2285-95. [PMID: 23064471 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes are a highly conserved subgroup of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that are crucial to normal development. Forced expression of HOXA1 results in oncogenic transformation of immortalized human mammary cells with aggressive tumour formation in vivo. Microarray analysis identified that the prolactin receptor (PRLR) was significantly upregulated by forced expression of HOXA1 in mammary carcinoma cells. To determine prolactin (PRL) involvement in HOXA1‑induced oncogenicity in mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7), we examined the effect of human prolactin (hPRL)-initiated PRLR signal transduction on changes in cellular behaviour mediated by HOXA1. Forced expression of HOXA1 in MCF-7 cells increased PRLR mRNA and protein expression. Forced expression of HOXA1 also enhanced hPRL-stimulated phosphorylation of both STAT5A/B and p44/42 MAPK, and increased subsequent transcriptional activity of STAT5A and STAT5B, and Elk-1 and Sap1a, respectively. Moreover, forced expression of HOXA1 in MCF-7 cells enhanced the hPRL‑stimulated increase in total cell number as a consequence of enhanced cell proliferation and cell survival, and also enhanced hPRL-stimulated anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Increased anchorage-independent growth was attenuated by the PRLR antagonist ∆1-9-G129R‑hPRL. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that HOXA1 increases expression of the cell surface receptor PRLR and enhances PRLR-mediated signal transduction. Thus, the PRLR is one mediator of HOXA1‑stimulated oncogenicity in mammary carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morgan R, Boxall A, Harrington KJ, Simpson GR, Gillett C, Michael A, Pandha HS. Targeting the HOX/PBX dimer in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:389-98. [PMID: 23053648 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The HOX genes are a family of closely related transcription factors that help to define the identity of cells and tissues during embryonic development and which are also frequently deregulated in a number of malignancies, including breast cancer. While relatively little is known about the roles that individual HOX genes play in cancer, it is however clear that these roles can be both contradictory, with some members acting as oncogenes and some as tumor suppressors, and also redundant, with several genes essentially having the same function. Here, we have attempted to address this complexity using the HXR9 peptide to target the interaction between HOX proteins and PBX, a second transcription factor that serves as a common co-factor for many HOX proteins. We show that HXR9 causes apoptosis in a number of breast cancer-derived cell lines and that sensitivity to HXR9 is directly related to the averaged expression of HOX genes HOXB1 through to HOXB9, providing a potential biomarker to predict the sensitivity of breast tumors to HXR9 or its derivatives. Measuring the expression of HOX genes HOXB1-HOXB9 in primary tumors revealed that a subset of tumors show highly elevated expression indicating that these might be potentially very sensitive to killing by HXR9. Furthermore, we show that while HXR9 blocks the oncogenic activity of HOX genes, it does not affect the known tumor-suppressor properties of a subset of HOX genes in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Oncology, Institute of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu XH, Lu KH, Wang KM, Sun M, Zhang EB, Yang JS, Yin DD, Liu ZL, Zhou J, Liu ZJ, De W, Wang ZX. MicroRNA-196a promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion through targeting HOXA5. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:348. [PMID: 22876840 PMCID: PMC3503718 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs (~22 nt) that play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases by negatively regulating gene expression. Although miR-196a has been implicated in several other cancers, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression pattern of miR-196a in NSCLC and its clinical significance, as well as its biological role in tumor progression. METHODS Expression of miR-196a was analyzed in 34 NSCLC tissues and five NSCLC cell lines by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of DNA methylation on miR-196a expression was investigated by 5-aza-2-deoxy-cytidine treatment and bisulfite sequencing. The effect of miR-196a on proliferation was evaluated by MTT and colony formation assays, and cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell assays. Analysis of target protein expression was determined by western blotting. Luciferase reporter plasmids were constructed to confirm the action of miR-196a on downstream target genes, including HOXA5. Differences between the results were tested for significance using Student's t-test (two-tailed). RESULTS miR-196a was highly expressed both in NSCLC samples and cell lines compared with their corresponding normal counterparts, and the expression of miR-196a may be affected by DNA demethylation. Higher expression of miR-196a in NSCLC tissues was associated with a higher clinical stage, and also correlated with NSCLC lymph-node metastasis. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that modulation of miR-196a expression affected NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Our analysis showed that miR-196a suppressed the expression of HOXA5 both at the mRNA and protein levels, and luciferase assays confirmed that miR-196a directly bound to the 3'untranslated region of HOXA5. Knockdown of HOXA5 expression in A549 cells using RNAi was shown to promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, we observed an inverse correlation between HOXA5 and miR-196a expression in NSCLC tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that miR-196a is significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues, and regulates NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, partially via the down-regulation of HOXA5. Thus, miR-196a may represent a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-hua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rodríguez J, Luria-Pérez R, López-Valdés HE, Casero D, Daniels TR, Patel S, Avila D, Leuchter R, So S, ánchez EOS, Bonavida B, Martínez-Maza O, Charles A.C, Pellegrini M, Helguera G, Penichet ML. Lethal iron deprivation induced by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting transferrin receptor 1 in malignant B cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:2169-78. [PMID: 21870996 PMCID: PMC3732792 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.596964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of antibodies have been developed that induce lethal iron deprivation (LID) by targeting the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71) and either neutralizing transferrin (Tf) binding, blocking internalization of the receptor and/or inducing its degradation. We have developed recombinant antibodies targeting human TfR1 (ch128.1 and ch128.1Av), which induce receptor degradation and are cytotoxic to certain malignant B-cells. We now show that internalization of TfR1 bound to these antibodies can lead to its sequestration and degradation, as well as reduced Tf uptake, and the induction of a transcriptional response consistent with iron deprivation, which is mediated in part by downstream targets of p53. Cells resistant to these antibodies do not sequester and degrade TfR1 after internalization of the antibody/receptor complex, and accordingly maintain their ability to internalize Tf. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and clinical use of therapeutic agents targeting iron import via TfR1 in hematopoietic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoséA. Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Unit of Investigative Research on Oncological Disease, Children’s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor E. López-Valdés
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy R. Daniels
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shabnum Patel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Avila
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Leuchter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sokuntheavy So
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-S ánchez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew .C Charles
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Helguera
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manuel L. Penichet
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kelly ZL, Michael A, Butler-Manuel S, Pandha HS, Morgan RG. HOX genes in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2011; 4:16. [PMID: 21906307 PMCID: PMC3179923 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes are a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine cellular identity during development. Here we review a number of recent studies showing that HOX genes are strongly expressed in ovarian cancer, and that in some cases the expression of specific HOX genes is sufficient to confer a particular identity and phenotype upon cancer cells. We also review the recent advances in elucidating the different functions of HOX genes in ovarian cancer. A literature search was performed using the search terms HOX genes (including specific HOX genes), ovarian cancer and oncogenesis. Articles were accessed through searches performed in ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Taken together, these studies have shown that HOX genes play a role in the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer and function in the inhibition of apoptosis, DNA repair and enhanced cell motility. The function of HOX genes in ovarian cancer oncogenesis supports their potential role as prognostic and diagnostic markers, and as therapeutic targets in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë L Kelly
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morgan R, Boxall A, Bhatt A, Bailey M, Hindley R, Langley S, Whitaker HC, Neal DE, Ismail M, Whitaker H, Annels N, Michael A, Pandha H. Engrailed-2 (EN2): a tumor specific urinary biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1090-8. [PMID: 21364037 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cause of cancer related death in men. A number of key limitations with prostate specific antigen (PSA), currently the standard detection test, has justified evaluation of new biomarkers. We have assessed the diagnostic potential of Engrailed-2 (EN2) protein, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor expressed in PC cell lines and secreted into the urine by PC in men. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN EN2 expression in PC cell lines and prostate cancer tissue was determined by semi-quantative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. First pass urine [without prior digital rectal examination (DRE)] was collected from men presenting with urinary symptoms (referred to exclude/confirm the presence of prostate cancer) and from controls. EN2 protein was measured by ELISA in urine from men with PC (n = 82) and controls (n = 102). RESULTS EN2 was expressed and secreted by PC cell lines and PC tissue but not by normal prostate tissue or stroma. The presence of EN2 in urine was highly predictive of PC, with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 88.2%, without requirement for DRE. There was no correlation with PSA levels. These results were confirmed independently by a second academic center. CONCLUSIONS Urinary EN2 is a highly specific and sensitive candidate biomarker of prostate cancer. A larger multicenter study to further evaluate the diagnostic potential of EN2 is justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morgan
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma. A review of the literature published from August 2010–October 2010. J Hematop 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-010-0078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|