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Siragusa G, Tomasello L, Giordano C, Pizzolanti G. Survivin (BIRC5): Implications in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2024; 350:122788. [PMID: 38848940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Apoptosis proteins (IAPs) were discovered through experiments aimed at rescuing apoptosis in insects. Classically associated with the inhibition of apoptosis, the IAP member Survivin also regulates cell cycle progression and is an essential component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), responsible for chromosomal segregation. Although undetectable in most adult tissues, Survivin is expressed in Adult Stem Cells (ASCs) and plays a crucial role in their maintenance. Survivin is overexpressed in most cancers, contributing to their clonal expansion. As a result, it has been proposed as a possible anticancer target for nearly two decades. In this discussion, we will explore the rationale behind Survivin as a therapeutic target, focusing on common cancer types such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. We will delve into the modulation of Survivin by cancer pro-survival cell signaling, the association between SNPs and tumorigenesis, and its regulation by miRNAs. Finally, we will compare cell growth, clonogenic capacity, and apoptosis, along with different strategies for Survivin inhibition, including gene expression and protein activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATEN Center), University of Palermo, Italy.
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2
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Cui Q, Huang C, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the "Undruggable" Survivin: The Past, Present, and Future from a Medicinal Chemist's Perspective. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16515-16545. [PMID: 38092421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, a homodimeric protein and a member of the IAP family, plays a vital function in cell survival and cycle progression by interacting with various proteins and complexes. Its expression is upregulated in cancers but not detectable in normal tissues. Thus, it has been regarded and validated as an ideal cancer target. However, survivin is "undruggable" due to its lack of enzymatic activities or active sites for small molecules to bind/inhibit. Academic and industrial laboratories have explored different strategies to overcome this hurdle over the past two decades, with some compounds advanced into clinical testing. These strategies include inhibiting survivin expression, its interaction with binding partners and homodimerization. Here, we provide comprehensive analyses of these strategies and perspective on different small molecule survivin inhibitors to help drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins in general and survivin specifically with a true survivin inhibitor that will prevail in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Cui
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Caoqinglong Huang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
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3
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Ubeda Gutierrez AM, Remant Bahadur KC, Brandwein J, Uludağ H. Exploring the Potential of siRNA Delivery in Acute Myeloid Leukemia for Therapeutic Silencing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3167. [PMID: 38133064 PMCID: PMC10745893 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of using siRNA therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by developing macromolecular carriers that facilitated intracellular delivery of siRNA. The carriers were derived from low-molecular-weight (<2 kDa) polyethyleneimine (PEI) and modified with a range of aliphatic lipids. We identified linoleic acid and lauric acid-modified PEI as optimal carriers for siRNA delivery to AML cell lines KG1 and KG1a, as well as AML patient-derived mononuclear cells. As they have been proven to be potent targets in the treatment of AML, we examined the silencing of BCL2L12 and survivin and showed how it leads to the decrease in proliferation of KG1 and stem-cell-like KG1a cells. By optimizing the transfection schedule, we were able to enhance the effect of the siRNAs on proliferation over a period of 10 days. We additionally showed that with proper modifications of PEI, other genes, including MAP2K3, CDC20, and SOD-1, could be targeted to decrease the proliferation of AML cells. Our studies demonstrated the versatility of siRNA delivery with modified PEI to elicit an effect in leukemic cells that are difficult to transfect, offering an alternative to conventional drugs for more precise and targeted treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyeld M. Ubeda Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K. C. Remant Bahadur
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Joseph Brandwein
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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4
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and H 2S in cancer cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108502. [PMID: 37517510 PMCID: PMC10529678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three endogenously produced gases with important functions in the vasculature, immune defense, and inflammation. It is increasingly apparent that, far from working in isolation, these three exert many effects by modulating each other's activity. Each gas is produced by three enzymes, which have some tissue specificities and can also be non-enzymatically produced by redox reactions of various substrates. Both NO and CO share similar properties, such as activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. At the same time, H2S both inhibits phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), an enzyme that metabolizes sGC and exerts redox regulation on sGC. The role of NO, CO, and H2S in the setting of cancer has been quite perplexing, as there is evidence for both tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory effects and anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Each gasotransmitter has been found to have dual effects on different aspects of cancer biology, including cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. These seemingly contradictory actions may relate to each gas having a dual effect dependent on its local flux. In this review, we discuss the major roles of NO, CO, and H2S in the context of cancer, with an effort to highlight the dual nature of each gas in different events occurring during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York 10091, USA.
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5
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Singh S, Rani H, Sharma N, Behl T, Zahoor I, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazm HA, Aleya L. Targeting multifunctional magnetic nanowires for drug delivery in cancer cell death: an emerging paradigm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57219-57235. [PMID: 37010687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, often known as programmed cell death is a mechanism used by numerous species to maintain tissue homeostasis. The process leading to cell death is complicated because it requires the stimulation of caspases. According to several studies, nanowires have important medical benefits, can kill cells by adhering to cancer cells, destroying them, and killing the entire cell using a triple attack that integrates vibration, heat, and drug delivery to trigger apoptosis. The sewage effluents and industrial, fertilizer and organic wastes decomposition can produce elevated levels of chemicals in the environment which may interrupt the cell cycle and activate apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to give a thorough summary of the evidence that is currently available on apoptosis. Current review discussed topics like the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur during apoptosis, as well as the various mechanisms that cause cell death, including the intrinsic (or mitochondrial), extrinsic (or death receptor), and intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum pathway. The apoptosis reduction in cancer development is mediated by (i) an imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) family of proteins, tumour protein 53 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, (ii) a reduction in caspase activity, and (iii) impaired death receptor signalling. This review does an excellent task of outlining the function of nanowires in both apoptosis induction and targeted drug delivery for cancer cells. A comprehensive summary of the relevance of nanowires synthesised for the purpose of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells has been compiled collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hema Rani
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, 141104, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
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CBX5 loss drives EGFR inhibitor resistance and results in therapeutically actionable vulnerabilities in lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218118120. [PMID: 36652476 PMCID: PMC9942844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFRi) are approved for treating EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), emergence of acquired resistance limits their clinical benefits. Several mechanisms for acquired resistance to EGFRi in LUAD have been identified; however, the molecular basis for this resistance remains unknown in ~30% of LUAD. Chromatin and DNA modifiers and their regulators play important roles in determining response to anticancer therapies. Therefore, to identify nongenetic mechanisms of EGFRi resistance in LUAD, we performed an epigenome-wide shRNA screen targeting 363 human epigenetic regulator genes. This screen identified loss of the transcriptional repressor chromobox homolog 5 (CBX5) as a driver of EGFRi resistance in EGFR-mutant LUAD. Loss of CBX5 confers resistance to multiple EGFRi in both cell culture and mice. We found that CBX5 loss in EGFR-mutant LUAD cells leads to increased expression of the transcription factor E2F1, which in turn stimulates expression of the antiapoptotic gene BIRC5 (survivin). This E2F1-mediated upregulation of BIRC5 in CBX5-knockdown LUAD cells attenuates apoptosis induction following EGFRi treatment. Consistent with these results, knockdown of E2F1 or BIRC5 partly rescues CBX5-knockdown-induced EGFRi resistance in cell culture and mice. EGFRi-resistant LUAD cell lines show reduced CBX5 expression compared to parental lines; however, bromo- and extra-terminal (BET)-domain inhibitors (BETi) restore CBX5 expression in these cells and sensitize them to EGFRi/BETi combination therapy. Similarly, treatment with a BIRC5 inhibitor suppresses growth of EGFRi-resistant LUAD cells. Collectively, these studies identify CBX5 loss as a driver of EGFRi resistance and reveal therapeutic opportunities for treating EGFRi-resistant LUAD.
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Chandrasekaran AP, Tyagi A, Poondla N, Sarodaya N, Karapurkar JK, Kaushal K, Park CH, Hong SH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Dual role of deubiquitinating enzyme USP19 regulates mitotic progression and tumorigenesis by stabilizing survivin. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3414-3429. [PMID: 35918893 PMCID: PMC9637645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a component of the chromosomal passenger complex, which includes Aurora B, INCENP, and Borealin, and is required for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. We performed a genome-wide screen of deubiquitinating enzymes for survivin. For the first time, we report that USP19 has a dual role in the modulation of mitosis and tumorigenesis by regulating survivin expression. Our results found that USP19 stabilizes and interacts with survivin in HCT116 cells. USP19 deubiquitinates survivin protein and extends its half-life. We also found that USP19 functions as a mitotic regulator by controlling the downstream signaling of survivin protein. Targeted genome knockout verified that USP19 depletion leads to several mitotic defects, including cytokinesis failure. In addition, USP19 depletion results in significant enrichment of apoptosis and reduces the growth of tumors in the mouse xenograft. We envision that simultaneous targeting of USP19 and survivin in oncologic drug development would increase therapeutic value and minimize redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Janardhan Keshav Karapurkar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong, Seoul 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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8
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Xie Y, Wang B, Du L, Wang Y, Xu C, Zhang H, Wen K, Liu Q, Katsube T. ANTP-SMACN7 fusion peptide alone induced high linear energy transfer irradiation radiosensitization in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0569. [PMID: 34546667 PMCID: PMC9334756 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the radiation-sensitizing effect of antennapedia proteins, ANTP-SMACN7, on lung cancer cells treated with accelerated carbon and Fe particle irradiation. METHODS The ANTP-SMACN7 fusion peptide was synthesized and linked to fluorescein isothiocyanate to determine its ability to penetrate cells. A549 and NCI-H460 cells, human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, were irradiated with X-ray or high linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation with or without ANTP-SMACN7 treatment. Cellular survival, apoptosis, and protein expression were studied by colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses, respectively. RESULTS ANTP-SMACN7 fusion proteins entered the cells and promoted A549 and NCI-H460 cell high LET irradiation radiosensitization. High LET irradiation was more efficient for clonogenic cell killing and the induction of apoptosis (P < 0.05). Treatment with ANTP-SMACN7 significantly reduced the A549 and NCI-H460 cell clone-forming percentages and increased apoptosis through inhibition of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. CONCLUSIONS Regarding pharmaceutical radiosensitization, these findings provided a way to improve high-LET clinical radiotherapy for NSCLC patients.
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Grants
- 2018YFE0205100 National Key R&D Program of China
- 2018YFE0205101 National Key R&D Program of China
- 11605260 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31670859 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 201903D321115 Key Research and Development Projects of Shanxi Province
- 2018-RC-66 Science and Technology Talent Project in Lanzhou
- 2020RCCX0038 Science and Technology Project of Chengguan District of Lanzhou
- 2017-I2M-1-016 CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science
- JP15K21745 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science Technology Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas with Heavy Ions at NIRS-HIMAC, Japan
- 15H05944 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science Technology Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas with Heavy Ions at NIRS-HIMAC, Japan
- 15H05935 (Living in Space) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science Technology Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas with Heavy Ions at NIRS-HIMAC, Japan
- 14J313 Research Project
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516029, China
| | - Kaixue Wen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Abstract
Survivin is one of the rare proteins that is differentially expressed in normal and cancer cells and is directly or indirectly involved in numerous pathways required for tumor maintenance. It is expressed in almost all cancers and its expression has been detected at early stages of cancer. These traits make survivin an exceptionally attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Even with these promising features to be an oncotherapeutic target, there has been limited success in the clinical trials targeting survivin. Only recently it has emerged that survivin was not being specifically targeted which could have resulted in the negative clinical outcome. Also, focus of research has now shifted from survivin expression in the overall heterogeneous tumor cell populations to survivin expression in cancer stem cells as these cells have proved to be the major drivers of tumors. Therefore, in this review we have analyzed the expression of survivin in normal and cancer cells with a particular focus on its expression in cancer stem cell compartment. We have discussed the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of survivin. We have explored the current development status of various types of interventions for inhibition of survivin. Furthermore, we have discussed the challenges involving the development of potent and specific survivin inhibitors for cancer therapeutics. Finally we have given insights for some of the promising future anticancer treatments.
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Chiou JT, Lee YC, Huang CH, Wang LJ, Shi YJ, Chang LS. Inhibition of Sp1-mediated survivin and MCL1 expression cooperates with SLC35F2 and myeloperoxidase to modulate YM155 cytotoxicity to human leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114544. [PMID: 33831396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although YM155 is reported to suppress survivin (also known as BIRC5) expression in cancer cells, its cytotoxic mechanism in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has not been clearly resolved. In this study, we analyzed the mechanistic pathways that modulate the sensitivity of human AML U937 and HL-60 cells to YM155. YM155 induced apoptosis in AML cells, which was characterized by p38 MAPK phosphorylation and downregulation of survivin and MCL1 expression. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK causes autophagy-mediated Sp1 degradation, thereby inhibiting the transcription of survivin and MCL1. The reduction of survivin and MCL1 levels further facilitated Sp1 protein degradation through autophagy. The restoration of Sp1, survivin, or MCL1 expression protected U937 and HL-60 cells from YM155-mediated cytotoxicity. U937 and HL-60 cells were continuously exposed to hydroquinone (HQ) to generate U937/HQ and HL-60/HQ cells, which showed increased SLC35F2 expression. The increase in SLC35F2 expression led to an increase in the sensitivity of U937/HQ cells to YM155-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas no such effect was observed in HL-60/HQ cells. Of note, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in HL-60 and HL-60/HQ cells enhanced YM155 cytotoxicity in these cells, and the enforced expression of MPO also increased the sensitivity of U937 cells to YM155. Taken together, we conclude that p38 MAPK-modulated autophagy inhibits Sp1-mediated survivin and MCL1 expression, which, in turn, leads to the death of U937 and HL-60 cells following YM155 treatment. In addition, our data indicate that SLC35F2 increases the sensitivity of U937 cells to YM155-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas MPO enhances YM155 cytotoxicity in U937 and HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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11
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Makuch-Kocka A, Kocki J, Brzozowska A, Bogucki J, Kołodziej P, Płachno BJ, Bogucka-Kocka A. The BIRC Family Genes Expression in Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1820. [PMID: 33673050 PMCID: PMC7918547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The BIRC (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing; BIRC) family genes encode for Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins. The dysregulation of the expression levels of the genes in question in cancer tissue as compared to normal tissue suggests that the apoptosis process in cancer cells was disturbed, which may be associated with the development and chemoresistance of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In our study, we determined the expression level of eight genes from the BIRC family using the Real-Time PCR method in patients with TNBC and compared the obtained results with clinical data. Additionally, using bioinformatics tools (Ualcan and The Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.5 (bc-GenExMiner v4.5)), we compared our data with the data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We observed diverse expression pattern among the studied genes in breast cancer tissue. Comparing the expression level of the studied genes with the clinical data, we found that in patients diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 50, the expression levels of all studied genes were higher compared to patients diagnosed after the age of 50. We observed that in patients with invasion of neoplastic cells into lymphatic vessels and fat tissue, the expression levels of BIRC family genes were lower compared to patients in whom these features were not noted. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were also noted in patients classified into three groups depending on the basis of the Scarff-Bloom and Richardson (SBR) Grading System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makuch-Kocka
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Department of Radiotherapy, St. John of Dukla Lublin Region Cancer Center, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
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12
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Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Ligresti G, Candido S, Garozzo A, Magro GG, Bonavida B, Libra M. Role of the Transcription Factor Yin Yang 1 and Its Selectively Identified Target Survivin in High-Grade B-Cells Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176446. [PMID: 32899428 PMCID: PMC7504013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) are often characterized by the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and/or relapse. During drug-induced apoptosis, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor might modulate the expression of apoptotic regulators genes. The present study was aimed to: (1) examine the potential oncogenic role of YY1 in reversing drug resistance in B-NHLs; and (2) identify YY1 transcriptional target(s) that regulate the apoptotic pathway in B-NHLs. Predictive analyses coupled with database-deposited data suggested that YY1 binds the promoter of the BIRC5/survivin anti-apoptotic gene. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analyses of several B-NHL repositories revealed a conserved positive correlation between YY1 and survivin, both highly expressed, especially in aggressive B-NHLs. Further validation experiments performed in Raji Burkitt’s lymphomas cells, demonstrated that YY1 silencing was associated with survivin downregulation and sensitized the cells to apoptosis. Overall, our results revealed that: (1) YY1 and survivin are positively correlated and overexpressed in B-NHLs, especially in BLs; (2) YY1 strongly binds to the survivin promoter, hence survivin may be suggested as YY1 transcriptional target; (3) YY1 silencing sensitizes Raji cells to drug-induced apoptosis via downregulation of survivin; (4) both YY1 and survivin are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of resistant/relapsed B-NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vivarelli
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Candido
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Adriana Garozzo
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giuseppe Magro
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Massimo Libra
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-478-1271
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13
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Jia Y, Zhang Q, Zhu P, Ma X. α5-nAChR and survivin: Two potential biological targets in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1787-1797. [PMID: 33196129 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the overexpression of α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5-nAChR) is associated with nicotine-related lung carcinogenesis. Survivin is one of the biomarkers of a worse prognosis for smoking-related lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of α5-nAChR, survivin, and clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We analyzed the expression level and correlation of CHRNA5 (encoding α5-nAChR) and BIRC5 (encoding survivin) in LUAD with The Cancer Genome Atlas data set. The relationship between overall survival (OS) and the expression of CHRNA5 or/and BIRC5 was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Moreover, our results showed that the expression of α5-nAChR mediated survivin expression in lung cancer cells and in lung tumor xenografts. Relationships between the expression of α5-nAChR and/or survivin with clinical-pathological characteristics were analyzed using LUAD tissue samples. The results showed that expression of α5-nAChR was correlated with survivin expression in vitro and in vivo. The group coexpressing α5-nAChR and survivin had a worse prognosis than other subgroups in LUAD (p < .05). In conclusion, ascertaining the expression of both α5-nAChR and survivin provides a better measure of prognosis for LUAD patients. The combined inhibition of α5-nAChR and survivin may be a promising multitargeted gene therapeutic strategy in LUAD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yilin Sun
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Han L, Dai S, Li Z, Zhang C, Wei S, Zhao R, Zhang H, Zhao L, Shan B. Combination of the natural compound Periplocin and TRAIL induce esophageal squamous cell carcinoma apoptosis in vitro and in vivo: Implication in anticancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:501. [PMID: 31864387 PMCID: PMC6925860 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. With currently available therapies, only 20% ~ 30% patients can survive this disease for more than 5 years. TRAIL, a natural ligand for death receptors that can induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, has been explored as a therapeutic agent for cancers, but it has been reported that many cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL, limiting the potential clinical use of TRAIL as a cancer therapy. Meanwhile, Periplocin (CPP), a natural compound from dry root of Periploca sepium Bge, has been studied for its anti-cancer activity in a variety of cancers. It is not clear whether CPP and TRAIL can have activity on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, or whether the combination of these two agents can have synergistic activity. METHODS We used MTS assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay to detect the effects of CPP alone or in combination with TRAIL on ESCC cells. The mechanism of CPP enhances the activity of TRAIL was analyzed by western blot, dual luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The anti-tumor effects and the potential toxic side effects of CPP alone or in combination with TRAIL were also evaluated in vivo. RESULTS In our studies, we found that CPP alone or in combination with TRAIL could inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells and induce apoptosis, and we certificated that combination of two agents exert synergized functions. For the first time, we identified FoxP3 as a key transcriptional repressor for both DR4 and DR5. By down-regulating FoxP3, CPP increases the expression of DR4/DR5 and renders ESCC cells much more sensitive to TRAIL. We also showed that CPP reduced the expression of Survivin by inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. All these contributed to synergistic activity of CPP and TRAIL on ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CPP and TRAIL could be further explored as potential therapeutic approach for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Han
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Suli Dai
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Sisi Wei
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Ruinian Zhao
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Centre, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12# Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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15
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Sam MR, Ghoreishi S. Prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens inhibits expression of MMP-9 and survivin and promotes caspase-3 activation with induction of apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1017-1029. [PMID: 29896797 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and survivin are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Yet, no MMP-9 and survivin-modulating drugs with low toxicity on normal cells but high efficacy against high MMP-9- and survivin-expressing leukaemia cells have been approved for clinical application in ALL. Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens, induces apoptosis in different kinds of cancer cells with low toxicity on normal cells. However, little is known about the effects of this compound on the high MMP-9- and survivin-expressing leukaemia cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CCRF-CEM cells as a model for high MMP-9- and survivin-expressing ALL cells were treated with 100, 200 and 400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin after which cell number, proliferation rate, MMP-9 and survivin expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis were evaluated. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with 100, 200 and 400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin, proliferation rates were measured to be 92·3-76·7%, 82-63% and 63·7-46·6% respectively. Treatment with prodigiosin for 48 h decreased MMP-9 mRNA levels followed by decreases in secreted (S) and intracellular (I) MMP-9 protein levels by 20-22% and 69-72% for 100-400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin respectively. Prodigiosin decreased survivin protein levels from 40 to 26% followed by 3·7-5·6-fold increases in caspase-3 activation for the aforementioned prodigiosin concentration ranges. Treatment with 100-400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin increased the caspase-3/survivin, caspase-3/I-MMP-9 and caspase-3/S-MMP-9 ratios by 6-7·3-, 11·5-19·1- and 4·9-6·8-fold increases respectively. A dramatic increase in the number of apoptotic cells was also observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of prodigiosin on MMP-9 and survivin expression, as well as its pro-apoptotic capacity, represent a novel therapeutic avenue against ALL cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings provide an important and interesting basis to develop a new therapeutic compound with high potential against ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - S Ghoreishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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16
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Wang W, Zhang B, Mani AM, Wu Z, Fan Y, Li W, Wu ZH. Survivin Inhibitors Mitigate Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing Genotoxic Nuclear Factor- κB Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:184-193. [PMID: 29735611 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance developed after chemotherapy and aggressive metastasis are the major causes of cancer-related death in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Survivin is the smallest member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family, which plays critical roles in cell division and cell survival. High expression levels of survivin have been associated with therapeutic resistance in various cancers. We recently developed a novel small-molecule survivin inhibitor mimicking the IAP-binding motif of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase, which showed high potency in promoting survivin degradation. Here, we show that survivin inhibitor MX106/MX107 suppresses TNBC cell proliferation. Moreover, MX106/MX107 synergized with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation and significantly enhanced tumoricidal efficacy of genotoxic treatments. Mechanistically, MX106/MX107 induced degradation of XIAP and/or cIAP1, which inhibited nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation by genotoxic agents. Treatment with MX106/MX107 alone did not activate alternative NF-κB signaling in breast cancer cells, which is likely attributable to their selective potency in degrading survivin in these cells. In addition, survivin degradation by MX106/MX107 dramatically increased abnormal mitotic spindle formation and cell division failure, which led to cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells. Overall, our study suggests that combination treatment of TNBC using survivin inhibitors MX106/MX107 with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs can achieve significantly improved therapeutic efficacy, which depends on MX106/MX107-mediated inhibition of genotoxic NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
| | - Arul M Mani
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
| | - Zhongzhi Wu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
| | - Yu Fan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), Physiology (A.M.M.), and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Z.W., W.L.), Center for Cancer Research (W.W., B.Z., Z.-H.W.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.F.)
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17
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Cheng C, Wang T, Song Z, Peng L, Gao M, Hermine O, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S, Mi J, Wang J. Induction of autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by a new antimalarial artemisinin derivative, SM1044. Cancer Med 2018; 7:380-396. [PMID: 29277967 PMCID: PMC5806110 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. R-CHOP is currently the standard therapy for DLBCL, but the prognosis of refractory or recurrent patients remains poor. In this study, we synthesized a new water-soluble antimalarial drug artemisinin derivative, SM1044. The treatment of DLBCL cell lines with SM1044 induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis, which is directed by an accelerated degradation of the antiapoptosis protein Survivin, via its acetylation-dependent interaction with the autophagy-related protein LC3-II. Additionally, SM1044 also stimulates the de novo synthesis of ceramide, which in turn activates the CaMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 axis, leading to the initiation of autophagy. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism of autophagy-dependent apoptosis in DLBCL cells, but also suggest that SM1044 is a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of DLBCL, along with R-CHOP regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiqun Song
- Department of Blood Transfusionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d'Hématologie AdultesHôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Jian‐Qing Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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18
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Falkenhorst J, Grunewald S, Mühlenberg T, Marino-Enriquez A, Reis AC, Corless C, Heinrich M, Treckmann J, Podleska LE, Schuler M, Fletcher JA, Bauer S. Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are commonly dysregulated in GIST and can be pharmacologically targeted to enhance the pro-apoptotic activity of imatinib. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41390-41403. [PMID: 27167336 PMCID: PMC5173067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) exhibit a strong oncogenic dependency on KIT and KIT inhibitors confer long lasting disease stabilization in the majority of patients. Nonetheless, KIT inhibition alone does not cure GIST as a subset of GIST cells evade apoptosis and eventually develop resistance. Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) may confer resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. We observed that the mRNA and protein of IAPs XIAP (BIRC4) and survivin (BIRC5) were highly expressed in primary GIST tumors and cell line models. Amplification of the respective gene loci (BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC4, BIRC5) was detected in 47% of GIST studied by SNP arrays. Whole exome analyses revealed a mutation of SMAC(DIABLO) in a heavily pretreated patient. Both, survivin (rank 62-92/11.194 tested proteins) and XIAP (rank 106-557/11.194) were found to be essential proteins for survival in a synthetic lethality screen. Expression of XIAP and survivin decreased upon KIT inhibition and may play a role in KIT-regulated pro-survival signaling. SMAC-mimetic treatment with LCL161 and TL32711 reduced cIAP1 and XIAP expression. Survivin inhibitor YM155 lead to transcriptional repression of BIRC5/survivin (YM155) and induced apoptosis. Combinational treatment with KIT inhibitors (imatinib, regorafenib) enhanced the proapoptotic effect. These findings support the combination of KIT inhibition with IAP antagonists in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Falkenhorst
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Grunewald
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mühlenberg
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Carina Reis
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jürgen Treckmann
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Erik Podleska
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Bauer
- Sarcoma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Conde M, Michen S, Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Schröck E, Schackert G, Temme A. Chromosomal instability induced by increased BIRC5/Survivin levels affects tumorigenicity of glioma cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:889. [PMID: 29282022 PMCID: PMC5745881 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, belonging to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, is abundantly expressed in tumors. It has been hypothesized that Survivin facilitates carcinogenesis by inhibition of apoptosis resulting in improved survival of tumorigenic progeny. Additionally, Survivin plays an essential role during mitosis. Together with its molecular partners Aurora B, Borealin and inner centromere protein it secures bipolar chromosome segregation. However, whether increased Survivin levels contribute to progression of tumors by inducing chromosomal instability remains unclear. Methods We overexpressed Survivin in U251-MG, SVGp12, U87-MG, HCT116 and p53-deficient U87-MGshp53 and HCT116p53−/− cells. The resulting phenotype was investigated by FACS-assisted cell cycle analysis, Western Blot analysis, confocal laser scan microscopy, proliferation assays, spectral karyotyping and in a U251-MG xenograft model using immune-deficient mice. Results Overexpression of Survivin affected cells with knockdown of p53, cells harboring mutant p53 and SV40 large T antigen, respectively, resulting in the increase of cell fractions harboring 4n and >4n DNA contents. Increased γH2AX levels, indicative of DNA damage were monitored in all Survivin-transduced cell lines, but only in p53 wild type cells this was accompanied by an attenuated S-phase entry and activation of p21waf/cip. Overexpression of Survivin caused a DNA damage response characterized by increased appearance pDNA-PKcs foci in cell nuclei and elevated levels of pATM S1981 and pCHK2 T68. Additionally, evolving structural chromosomal aberrations in U251-MG cells transduced with Survivin indicated a DNA-repair by non-homologous end joining recombination. Subcutaneous transplantation of U251-MG cells overexpressing Survivin and mycN instead of mycN oncogene alone generated tumors with shortened latency and decreased apoptosis. Subsequent SKY-analysis of Survivin/mycN-tumors revealed an increase in structural chromosomal aberrations in cells when compared to mycN-tumors. Conclusions Our data suggest that increased Survivin levels promote adaptive evolution of tumors through combining induction of genetic heterogeneity with inhibition of apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3932-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Conde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Michen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Wiedemuth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.
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20
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Boullosa LF, Savaliya P, Bonney S, Orchard L, Wickenden H, Lee C, Smits E, Banham AH, Mills KI, Orchard K, Guinn BA. Identification of survivin as a promising target for the immunotherapy of adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3853-3866. [PMID: 29423088 PMCID: PMC5790505 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a rare heterogeneous disease characterized by a block in lymphoid differentiation and a rapid clonal expansion of immature, non-functioning B cells. Adult B-ALL patients have a poor prognosis with less than 50% chance of survival after five years and a high relapse rate after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Novel treatment approaches are required to improve the outcome for patients and the identification of B-ALL specific antigens are essential for the development of targeted immunotherapeutic treatments. We examined twelve potential target antigens for the immunotherapy of adult B-ALL. RT-PCR indicated that only survivin and WT1 were expressed in B-ALL patient samples (7/11 and 6/11, respectively) but not normal donor control samples (0/8). Real-time quantitative (RQ)-PCR showed that survivin was the only antigen whose transcript exhibited significantly higher expression in the B-ALL samples (n = 10) compared with healthy controls (n = 4)(p = 0.015). Immunolabelling detected SSX2, SSX2IP, survivin and WT1 protein expression in all ten B-ALL samples examined, but survivin was not detectable in healthy volunteer samples. To determine whether these findings were supported by the analyses of a larger cohort of patient samples, we performed metadata analysis on an already published microarray dataset. We found that only survivin was significantly over-expressed in B-ALL patients (n = 215) compared to healthy B-cell controls (n = 12)(p = 0.013). We have shown that survivin is frequently transcribed and translated in adult B-ALL, but not healthy donor samples, suggesting this may be a promising target patient group for survivin-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Freire Boullosa
- School of Life Sciences - Biomedical Science Subject Group, University of Hull, Hull, HU7 6RX, UK.,Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Payalben Savaliya
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Stephanie Bonney
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Laurence Orchard
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Hannah Wickenden
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cindy Lee
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,Department of Haematology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Evelien Smits
- Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Kim Orchard
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- School of Life Sciences - Biomedical Science Subject Group, University of Hull, Hull, HU7 6RX, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.,Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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21
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Nair JS, Musi E, Schwartz GK. Selinexor (KPT-330) Induces Tumor Suppression through Nuclear Sequestration of IκB and Downregulation of Survivin. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4301-4311. [PMID: 28314790 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Selinexor, a small molecule that inhibits nuclear export protein XPO1, has demonstrated efficacy in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies with the evidence of clinical activity in sarcoma as a single agent. Treatment options available are very few, and hence the need to identify novel targets and strategic therapies is of utmost importance.Experimental Design: The mechanistic effects of selinexor in sarcomas as a monotherapy and in combination with proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, across a panel of cell lines in vitro and few in xenograft mouse models were investigated.Results: Selinexor induced IκB nuclear localization as a single agent, and the effect was enhanced by stabilization of IκB when pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. This stabilization and retention of IκB in the nucleus resulted in inhibition of NFκB and transcriptional suppression of the critical antiapoptotic protein, survivin. Treatment of carfilzomib followed by selinexor caused selinexor-sensitive and selinexor-resistant cell lines to be more sensitive to selinexor as determined by an increase in apoptosis. This was successfully demonstrated in the MPNST xenograft model with enhanced tumor suppression.Conclusions: The subcellular distributions of IκB and NFκB are indicative of carcinogenesis. Inhibition of XPO1 results in intranuclear retention of IκB, which inhibits NFκB and thereby provides a novel mechanism for drug therapy in sarcoma. This effect can be further enhanced in relatively selinexor-resistant sarcoma cell lines by pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Because of these results, a human clinical trial with selinexor in combination with a proteasome inhibitor is planned for the treatment of sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4301-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree S Nair
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Elgilda Musi
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
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22
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Zaki Dizaji M, Ghaffari SH, Hosseini E, Alizadeh N, Rostami S, Momeny M, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Survivin isoform expression in arsenic trioxide-treated acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line and patients: The odd expression pattern of survivin-2α. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 13:e21-e30. [PMID: 27770503 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, is overexpressed in most cancers and is associated with chemotherapy resistance, increased tumor recurrence and shorter patient survival. Several survivin splice variants have been described, and none of their expressions have been defined in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). METHODS Expression of the survivin gene isoforms (survivin, -2α, -2B, -ΔΕx3 and -3B) were analyzed in 50 peripheral blood and 19 bone marrow samples that were collected at different phases of the disease (diagnostic, remission and relapse) in APL patients treated with arsenic trioxide (ATO) as a front-line therapy. In addition, the human APL-derived cell line (NB4) was analyzed for the expression of survivin isoforms and capsase-3 in response to the ATO. RESULTS Survivin and its variants were overexpressed significantly in patient's bone marrow samples compared to peripheral blood or normal samples. Their expression was decreased after ATO treatment in both NB4 cells (except survivin-2α) and APL patients along with PML-RARα copy number reduction. Downregulation of survivin isoforms was associated with an increase in both caspase-3 gene expression and its enzymatic activity levels. In a patient who did not respond to ATO treatment, expression of survivin isoforms (except survivin-2α) were highly increased during the induction therapy. CONCLUSION Survivin isoforms are upregulated in APL patients, and their expression is diminished during the ATO treatment. In addition, overexpression of survivin and its variants (except survivin-2α) are associated with unfavorable results, suggesting that they may play an important role in mechanisms underlying the resistance of APL cells to ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zaki Dizaji
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Alizadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Rostami
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Parmar MB, Arteaga Ballesteros BE, Fu T, K C RB, Montazeri Aliabadi H, Hugh JC, Löbenberg R, Uludağ H. Multiple siRNA delivery against cell cycle and anti-apoptosis proteins using lipid-substituted polyethylenimine in triple-negative breast cancer and nonmalignant cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3031-3044. [PMID: 27465922 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conventional breast cancer therapies have significant limitations that warrant a search for alternative therapies. Short-interfering RNA (siRNA), delivered by polymeric biomaterials and capable of silencing specific genes critical for growth of cancer cells, holds great promise as an effective, and more specific therapy. Here, we employed amphiphilic polymers and silenced the expression of two cell cycle proteins, TTK and CDC20, and the anti-apoptosis protein survivin to determine the efficacy of polymer-mediated siRNA treatment in breast cancer cells as well as side effects in nonmalignant cells in vitro. We first identified effective siRNA carriers by screening a library of lipid-substituted polyethylenimines (PEI), and PEI substituted with linoleic acid (LA) emerged as the most effective carrier for selected siRNAs. Combinations of TTK/CDC20 and CDC20/Survivin siRNAs decreased the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells significantly, while only TTK/CDC20 combination inhibited MCF7 cell growth. The effects of combinational siRNA therapy was higher when complexes were formulated at lower siRNA:polymer ratio (1:2) compared to higher ratio (1:8) in nonmalignant cells. The lead polymer (1.2PEI-LA6) showed differential transfection efficiency based on the cell-type transfected. We conclude that the lipid-substituted polymers could serve as a viable platform for delivery of multiple siRNAs against critical targets in breast cancer therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3031-3044, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj B Parmar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bárbara E Arteaga Ballesteros
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Timothy Fu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Remant Bahadur K C
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Judith C Hugh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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24
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Banerjee S, Uppal T, Strahan R, Dabral P, Verma SC. The Modulation of Apoptotic Pathways by Gammaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:585. [PMID: 27199919 PMCID: PMC4847483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a tightly regulated process fundamental for cellular development and elimination of damaged or infected cells during the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It is also an important cellular defense mechanism against viral invasion. In many instances, abnormal regulation of apoptosis has been associated with a number of diseases, including cancer development. Following infection of host cells, persistent and oncogenic viruses such as the members of the Gammaherpesvirus family employ a number of different mechanisms to avoid the host cell’s “burglar” alarm and to alter the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways by either deregulating the expressions of cellular signaling genes or by encoding the viral homologs of cellular genes. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how gammaherpesviruses inhibit cellular apoptosis via virus-encoded proteins by mediating modification of numerous signal transduction pathways. We also list the key viral anti-apoptotic proteins that could be exploited as effective targets for novel antiviral therapies in order to stimulate apoptosis in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Noida, India
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Roxanne Strahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prerna Dabral
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV, USA
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25
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Malherbe JAJ, Fuller KA, Mirzai B, Kavanagh S, So CC, Ip HW, Guo BB, Forsyth C, Howman R, Erber WN. Dysregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediates megakaryocytic hyperplasia in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:jclinpath-2016-203625. [PMID: 27060176 PMCID: PMC5136711 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Megakaryocyte expansion in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is due to uncontrolled proliferation accompanied by dysregulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Here we have investigated the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways of megakaryocytes in human MPNs to further define the mechanisms involved. METHODS The megakaryocytic expression of proapoptotic caspase-8, caspase-9, Diablo, p53 and antiapoptotic survivin proteins was investigated in bone marrow specimens of the MPNs (n=145) and controls (n=15) using immunohistochemistry. The megakaryocyte percentage positivity was assessed by light microscopy and correlated with the MPN entity, JAK2V617F/CALR mutation status and platelet count. RESULTS The proportion of megakaryocytes in the MPNs expressing caspase-8, caspase-9, Diablo, survivin and p53 was significantly greater than controls. A greater proportion of myeloproliferative megakaryocytes expressed survivin relative to its reciprocal inhibitor, Diablo. Differences were seen between myelofibrosis, polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia for caspase-9 and p53. CALR-mutated cases had greater megakaryocyte p53 positivity compared to those with the JAK2V617F mutation. Proapoptotic caspase-9 expression showed a positive correlation with platelet count, which was most marked in myelofibrosis and CALR-mutated cases. CONCLUSIONS Disruptions targeting the intrinsic apoptotic cascade promote megakaryocyte hyperplasia and thrombocytosis in the MPNs. There is progressive dysfunction of apoptosis as evidenced by the marked reduction in proapoptotic caspase-9 and accumulation of p53 in myelofibrosis. The dysfunction of caspase-9, which is necessary for proplatelet formation, may be the mechanism for the excess thrombocytosis associated with CALR mutations. Survivin seems to be the key protein mediating the megakaryocyte survival signature in the MPNs and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A J Malherbe
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bob Mirzai
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Kavanagh
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chi-Chiu So
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Wan Ip
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Belinda B Guo
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecily Forsyth
- Jarrett Street Specialist Centre, North Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Chen X, Duan N, Zhang C, Zhang W. Survivin and Tumorigenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. J Cancer 2016; 7:314-23. [PMID: 26918045 PMCID: PMC4747886 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which has key roles in regulating cell division and inhibiting apoptosis by blocking caspase activation. Survivin is highly expressed in most human cancers, such as lung, pancreatic and breast cancers, relative to normal tissues. Aberrant survivin expression is associated with tumor cell proliferation, progression, angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. Studies on the underlying molecular mechanisms indicate that survivin is involved in the regulation of cytokinesis and cell cycle progression, as well as participates in a variety of signaling pathways such as the p53, Wnt, hypoxia, transforming growth factor, and Notch signaling pathways. In this review, recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of survivin is discussed. Therapeutic strategies targeting survivin in preclinical studies are also briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- 1. Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Ning Duan
- 1. Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- 2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045
| | - Wentao Zhang
- 1. Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
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27
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Sarvagalla S, Cheung CHA, Tsai JY, Hsieh HP, Coumar MS. Disruption of protein–protein interactions: hot spot detection, structure-based virtual screening and in vitro testing for the anti-cancer drug target – survivin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot spot detection at the protein–protein interaction interface using computational tools helped to identify indinavir as survivin inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailu Sarvagalla
- Centre for Bioinformatics
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry 605014
- India
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology
- College of Medicine
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ya Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology
- College of Medicine
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Republic of China
| | - Hsing Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County 350
- Republic of China
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics
- School of Life Sciences
- Pondicherry University
- Puducherry 605014
- India
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28
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Li Y, Liu D, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xie J, Lee RJ, Cai Y, Teng L. Silencing of Survivin Expression Leads to Reduced Proliferation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:1187-94. [PMID: 26516368 PMCID: PMC4615356 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is an anti-apoptotic gene that is overexpressed in most human tumors. RNA interference using short interfering RNA (siRNA) can be used to specifically inhibit survivin expression. Tumor cells were treated with a newly designed survivin siRNA, which was modified with 2′-OMe. Cellular survivin mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Our data showed that the novel survivin-targeted siRNA could efficiently knockdown the expression of survivin and inhibit cell proliferation. Survivin mRNA was reduced by 95% after 48h treatment with 20nM siRNA. In addition, the siRNA could markedly arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint and induce cellular apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of apoptotic cells reached 50% when treated with 40nM siRNA. In conclusion, we have identified a novel chemically modified siRNA against survivin that is highly efficient and delineated its mechanism of action, thus demonstrating a potential therapeutic role for this molecule in cancer. Further evaluation of this siRNA for therapeutic activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Da Liu
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Li
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Robert J Lee
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China ; 2. Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Yong Cai
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- 1. Institute of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Khan S, Ferguson Bennit H, Asuncion Valenzuela MM, Turay D, Diaz Osterman CJ, Moyron RB, Esebanmen GE, Ashok A, Wall NR. Localization and upregulation of survivin in cancer health disparities: a clinical perspective. Biologics 2015; 9:57-67. [PMID: 26185415 PMCID: PMC4501680 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s83864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is one of the most important members of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, as it is expressed in most human cancers but is absent in normal, differentiated tissues. Lending to its importance, survivin has proven associations with apoptosis and cell cycle control, and has more recently been shown to modulate the tumor microenvironment and immune evasion as a result of its extracellular localization. Upregulation of survivin has been found in many cancers including breast, prostate, pancreatic, and hematological malignancies, and it may prove to be associated with the advanced presentation, poorer prognosis, and lower survival rates observed in ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Heather Ferguson Bennit
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Malyn May Asuncion Valenzuela
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David Turay
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Carlos J Diaz Osterman
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ron B Moyron
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Grace E Esebanmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Ashok
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA ; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Targeting Survivin with YM155 (Sepantronium Bromide): A novel therapeutic strategy for paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:435-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Although technically a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) gene family, survivin has consistently defied assumptions, refuted predictions and challenged paradigms. Despite its more than 5500 citations currently in Medline, the biology of survivin has remained fascinatingly complex, its exploitation in human disease, most notably cancer, tantalizing, and its regulation of cellular homeostasis unexpectedly far-reaching. An inconvenient outsider that resists schemes and dogmas, survivin continues to hold great promise to unlock fundamental circuitries of cellular functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Altieri
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Sachita K, Yu HJ, Yun JW, Lee JS, Cho SD. YM155 induces apoptosis through downregulation of specificity protein 1 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 in human oral cancer cell lines. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:785-91. [PMID: 25475012 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YM155 is a small-molecule pro-apoptotic agent which has shown to inhibit survivin expression and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of YM155 in human oral cancer cells. METHODS The apoptotic effects and related signaling pathways of YM155 were evaluated using trypan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and siRNA. RESULTS YM155 inhibited the growth and caused caspase-dependent apoptosis in MC3 and HN22 cells. YM155 significantly suppressed the level of survivin protein expression through proteasome-dependent protein degradation to confirm its survivin-inhibiting function. YM155 reduced myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, but it did not alter Mcl-1 mRNA. It was associated with the facilitation of lysosome-dependent protein degradation. The modifications of Mcl-1 and survivin by YM155 were caspase-independent manner. Treatment of MC-3 and HN22 cells with YM155 inhibited specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and the knockdown of Sp1 by siRNA demonstrated that Mcl-1 was regulated by Sp1 protein. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the novel mechanism that YM155 causes apoptosis of human oral cancer cell lines through downregulation of Sp1 and Mcl-1. Therefore, it may be a potential anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadka Sachita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Andersson KME, Svensson MND, Erlandsson MC, Jonsson IM, Bokarewa MI. Down-regulation of survivin alleviates experimental arthritis. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:135-45. [PMID: 25381389 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0714-317r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a proto-oncogene that regulates cell division and apoptosis. It is a molecular marker of cancer. Recently, survivin has emerged as a feature of RA, associated with severe joint damage and poor treatment response. The present study examined if inhibition of survivin affects experimental arthritis, which was induced in mBSA-immunized mice by an injection of mBSA in the knee joint or developed spontaneously in collagen type II-immunized mice. The inhibition of survivin transcription by a lentivirus shRNA construct alleviated joint inflammation and reduced bone damage. The inhibition of survivin reduced the levels of metalloproteinases, β-catenin, and vimentin, limiting the invasive capacity of synovia, while no inhibition of osteoclastogenesis could be found. The inhibition of survivin led to a p53-independent reduction of T cell proliferation and favored the transcription and activity of Blimp-1, which limited IL-2 production and facilitated formation of regulatory Foxp3(+)CD4(+) and effector CD8(+) T cells. The study shows that the inhibition of survivin is sufficient to reduce joint inflammation and bone damage in preclinical models of arthritis. Antiarthritic effects of survivin inhibition are related to p53-independent control of lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M N D Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I-M Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wiedemuth R, Klink B, Töpfer K, Schröck E, Schackert G, Tatsuka M, Temme A. Survivin safeguards chromosome numbers and protects from aneuploidy independently from p53. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:107. [PMID: 24886358 PMCID: PMC4041913 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, has a dual role in mitosis and in apoptosis. It is abundantly expressed in every human tumor, compared with normal tissues. During mitosis Survivin assembles with the chromosomal passenger complex and regulates chromosomal segregation. Here, we aim to explore whether interference with the mitotic function of Survivin is linked to p53-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and affects chromosomal stability. METHODS In this study, we used HCT116, SBC-2, and U87-MG and generated corresponding isogenic p53-deficient cells. Retroviral vectors were used to stably knockdown Survivin. The resulting phenotype, in particular the mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and of initiation of aneuploidy, were investigated by Western Blot analysis, confocal laser scan microscopy, proliferation assays, spectral karyotyping and RNAi. RESULTS In all cell lines Survivin-RNAi did not induce instant apoptosis but caused polyplodization irrespective of p53 status. Strikingly, polyploidization after knockdown of Survivin resulted in merotelic kinetochore spindle assemblies, γH2AX-foci, and DNA damage response (DDR), which was accompanied by a transient p53-mediated G1-arrest. That p53 wild type cells specifically arrest due to DNA damage was shown by simultaneous inhibition of ATM and DNA-PK, which abolished induction of p21waf/cip. Cytogenetic analysis revealed chromosomal aberrations indicative for DNA double strand break repair by the mechanism of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), only in Survivin-depleted cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Survivin plays an essential role in proper amphitelic kinetochore-spindle assembly and that constraining Survivin's mitotic function results in polyploidy and aneuploidy which cannot be controlled by p53. Therefore, Survivin critically safeguards chromosomal stability independently from p53.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Achim Temme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr, 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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In vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of four Persian medicine plants on human leukemia and lymphoma cells. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bates DJP, Lewis LD. Manipulating the apoptotic pathway: potential therapeutics for cancer patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 76:381-95. [PMID: 23782006 PMCID: PMC3769666 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of scientific understanding of the apoptosis pathway, with a focus on the proteins involved in the pathway, their interactions and functions. This forms the rationale for detailing the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of drugs that modulate the pivotal proteins in this pathway, with emphasis on drugs that are furthest advanced in clinical development as anticancer agents. There is a focus on describing drugs that modulate three of the most promising targets in the apoptosis pathway, namely antibodies that bind and activate the death receptors, small molecules that inhibit the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, and small molecules and antisense oligonucleotides that inactivate the inhibitors of apoptosis, all of which drive the equilibrium of the apoptotic pathway towards apoptosis. These structurally different yet functionally related groups of drugs represent a promising novel approach to anticancer therapeutics whether used as monotherapy or in combination with either classical cytotoxic or other molecularly targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy J P Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Turksma AW, Bontkes HJ, Ruizendaal JJ, Scholten KBJ, Akershoek J, Rampersad S, Moesbergen LM, Cillessen SAGM, Santegoets SJAM, de Gruijl TD, Leemans CR, Meijer CJLM, Hooijberg E. Exploring dendritic cell based vaccines targeting survivin for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. J Transl Med 2013; 11:152. [PMID: 23787039 PMCID: PMC3695847 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New treatment modalities are needed for the treatment of cancers of the head and neck region (HNSCC). Survivin is important for the survival and proliferation of tumor cells and may therefore provide a target for immunotherapy. Here we focused on the ex vivo presence and in vitro induction of survivin specific T cells. Methods Tetramer staining and ELIspot assays were used to document the presence of survivin specific T cells in patient derived material, and to monitor the presence and persistence of survivin specific T cells after repeated in vitro stimulation with autologous dendritic cells. Results Ex vivo analysis showed the presence of survivin-specific T cells in the peripheral blood (by tetramer analysis) and in the draining lymph node (by ELIspot analysis) in a HNSCC and a locally advanced breast cancer patient respectively. However, we were unable to maintain isolated survivin specific T cells for prolonged periods of time. For the in vitro generation of survivin specific T cells, monocyte derived DC were electroporated with mRNA encoding full length survivin or a survivin mini-gene together with either IL21 or IL12 mRNA. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining of dendritic cell cytospin preparations confirmed translation of the full length survivin protein. After repeated stimulation we observed an increase, followed by a decrease, of the number of survivin specific T cells. FACS sorted or limiting dilution cloned survivin specific T cells could not be maintained on feeder mix for prolonged periods of time. Protein expression analysis subsequently showed that activated, but not resting T cells contain survivin protein. Conclusions Here we have shown that survivin specific T cells can be detected ex vivo in patient derived material. Furthermore, survivin specific T cells can be induced in vitro using autologous dendritic cells with enforced expression of survivin and cytokines. However, we were unable to maintain enriched or cloned survivin specific T cells for prolonged periods of time. Endogenous expression of survivin in activated T cells and subsequent fratricide killing might explain our in vitro observations. We therefore conclude that survivin, although it is a universal tumor antigen, might not be the ideal target for immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies W Turksma
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tao YF, Lu J, Du XJ, Sun LC, Zhao X, Peng L, Cao L, Xiao PF, Pang L, Wu D, Wang N, Feng X, Li YH, Ni J, Wang J, Pan J. Survivin selective inhibitor YM155 induce apoptosis in SK-NEP-1 Wilms tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:619. [PMID: 23267699 PMCID: PMC3543843 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, functions as a key regulator of mitosis and programmed cell death. YM155, a novel molecular targeted agent, suppresses survivin, which is overexpressed in many tumor types. The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor activity of YM155 in SK-NEP-1 cells. Methods SK-NEP-1 cell growth in vitro and in vivo was assessed by MTT and nude mice experiments. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometric analysis was used to detect apoptosis in cell culture. Then gene expression profile of tumor cells treated with YM155 was analyzed with real-time PCR arrays. We then analyzed the expression data with MEV (Multi Experiment View) cluster software. Datasets representing genes with altered expression profile derived from cluster analyses were imported into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. Results YM155 treatment resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation of SK-NEP-1cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V assay, cell cycle, and activation of caspase-3 demonstrates that YM155 induced apoptosis in SK-NEP-1 cells. YM155 significantly inhibited growth of SK-NEP-1 xenografts (YM155 5 mg/kg: 1.45 ± 0.77 cm3; YM155 10 mg/kg: 0.95 ± 0.55 cm3) compared to DMSO group (DMSO: 3.70 ± 2.4 cm3) or PBS group cells (PBS: 3.78 ± 2.20 cm3, ANOVA P < 0.01). YM155 treatment decreased weight of tumors (YM155 5 mg/kg: 1.05 ± 0.24 g; YM155 10 mg/kg: 0.72 ± 0.17 g) compared to DMSO group (DMSO: 2.06 ± 0.38 g) or PBS group cells (PBS: 2.36 ± 0.43 g, ANOVA P < 0.01). Real-time PCR array analysis showed between Test group and control group there are 32 genes significantly up-regulated and 54 genes were significantly down-regulated after YM155 treatment. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed cell death was the highest rated network with 65 focus molecules and the significance score of 44. The IPA analysis also groups the differentially expressed genes into biological mechanisms that are related to cell death, cellular function maintenance, cell morphology, carbohydrate metabolism and cellular growth and proliferation. Death receptor signaling (3.87E-19), TNFR1 signaling, induction of apoptosis by HIV1, apoptosis signaling and molecular mechanisms of cancer came out to be the top four most significant pathways. IPA analysis also showed top molecules up-regulated were BBC3, BIRC3, BIRC8, BNIP1, CASP7, CASP9, CD5, CDKN1A, CEBPG and COL4A3, top molecules down-regulated were ZNF443, UTP11L, TP73, TNFSF10, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF25, TIAF1, STK17A, SST and SPP1, upstream regulator were NR3C1, TP53, dexamethasone , TNF and Akt. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that YM155 treatment resulted in apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation of SK-NEP-1cells. YM155 had significant role and little side effect in the treatment of SK-NEP-1 xenograft tumors. Real-time PCR array analysis firstly showed expression profile of genes dyes-regulated after YM155 treatment. IPA analysis also represents new molecule mechanism of YM155 treatment, such as NR3C1 and dexamethasone may be new target of YM155. And our results may provide new clues of molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by YM155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Beug ST, Cheung HH, LaCasse EC, Korneluk RG. Modulation of immune signalling by inhibitors of apoptosis. Trends Immunol 2012; 33:535-45. [PMID: 22836014 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) genes are critical regulators of multiple pathways that control cell death, proliferation, and differentiation. Several members of the IAP family regulate innate and adaptive immunity through modulation of signal transduction pathways, cytokine production, and cell survival. The regulation of immunity by the IAPs is primarily mediated through the ubiquitin ligase function of cellular IAP (cIAP)1, cIAP2, and X-linked IAP (XIAP), the targets of which impact nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. In addition, neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), cIAP1, and cIAP2 modulate innate immune responses through control of the inflammasome complex. This review examines the role of mammalian IAPs in regulating immunity and describes the implications of a new class of pan-IAP antagonists for the treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn T Beug
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
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Survivin is highly expressed in CD34(+)38(-) leukemic stem/progenitor cells and predicts poor clinical outcomes in AML. Blood 2012; 120:173-80. [PMID: 22645176 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-409888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, plays important roles in cell proliferation and survival and is highly expressed in various malignancies, including leukemias. To better understand its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we profiled survivin expression in samples obtained from 511 newly diagnosed AML patients and in CD34(+)38(-) AML stem/progenitor cells using a validated reverse-phase protein array; we correlated its levels with clinical outcomes and with levels of other proteins in the same sample set. We found that survivin levels were higher in bone marrow than in paired peripheral blood leukemic cells (n = 140, P = .0001) and that higher survivin levels significantly predicted shorter overall (P = .016) and event-free (P = .023) survival in multivariate Cox model analysis. Importantly, survivin levels were significantly higher in CD34(+)38(-) AML stem/progenitor cells than in bulk blasts and total CD34(+) AML cells (P < .05). Survivin expression correlated with the expressions of multiple proteins involved with cell proliferation and survival. Particularly, its expression strongly correlated with HIF1α in the stem/progenitor cell compartment. These results suggest that survivin is a prognostic biomarker in AML and that survivin, which is overexpressed in AML stem/progenitor cells, remains a potentially important target for leukemia therapy.
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Survivin expression in patients with newly diagnosed nodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Med Oncol 2012; 29:3515-21. [PMID: 22528517 PMCID: PMC3505514 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is one of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) that might play an important role in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The present study was designed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of survivin expression in nodal DLBCL. We analyzed lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from 56 patients with newly diagnosed nodal DLBCL, treated with immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP). The expression of survivin was analyzed using the standard immunohistochemical method on formalin-fixed and routinely processed paraffin-embedded lymph node specimens and evaluated semiquantitatively as a percentage of tumor cells. Survivin immunoexpression (>45 % positive tumor cells) was found in 22 (39.28 %) and observed as cytoplasmic staining in 15 patients, or mixed (cytoplasmic and nuclear) staining in 7 patients. A significant difference in survivin immunoexpression was noticed between the GCB and the non-GCB subtypes of DLBCL (p = 0.031). However, survivin immunoexpression had no significant association with IPI, “bulky” disease, extranodal localization, hemoglobin, Ki-67 immunoexpression or other clinicopathological parameters. A univariate analysis showed that survivin positivity was an unfavorable factor for therapy response and a predictor of shorter survival in patients with DLBCL (p = 0.048 and p = 0.034, respectively). Patients with survivin overexpression experienced a relapse more often than patients without expression of this apoptotic protein (27.3 vs. 11.8 %), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.131). The results of this study showed that disregulation of survivin expression had an important role in the determination of the course of the disease in patients with nodal DLBCL treated with R-CHOP. Therefore, survivin represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention in DLBCL.
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Chen XQ, Yang S, Kang MQ, Li ZY, Lu HS, Lin TY. Survivin expression in human lung cancer and the influence of its downregulation on the biological behavior of human lung cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:1010-1014. [PMID: 22970008 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of survivin in human lung cancer and to investigate the influence of its downregulation on the biological behavior of A549 lung cancer cells. The high expression of survivin in human lung cancer was verified by immunohistochemistry. Survivin small interfering RNA (siRNA) and unrelated sequence were synthesized and the siRNA lentiviral vector was constructed. The vector was transfected into A549 lung cancer cells, in which the clone with stable expression was screened out. We blocked the expression of survivin mRNA and protein by RNA interference (RNAi) technique. The downregulation of survivin mRNA and protein expression was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. The proliferative activity and growth rate of A549 cells were determined by colony formation assay and mononuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay). The reconstituted basement membrane (RBM) penetrating capacity was determined by cell invasion assay. The cell movement and migratory capacity were detected by wound-healing repair assay. The results showed that the sequence-specific siRNA significantly downregulated the expression of survivin at both the mRNA and protein levels. Downregulation of survivin expression dramatically decreased the invasive and metastatic capacities of the cells, suppressed the proliferation, decelerated the rate of growth, reduced the number of clones on soft agar and decreased the capacity of RBM penetration and migration. In conclusion, survivin, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and development of lung cancer, can be effectively downregulated using the RNAi technique.
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Wong RSY. Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:87. [PMID: 21943236 PMCID: PMC3197541 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1774] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ordered and orchestrated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. It is also one of the most studied topics among cell biologists. An understanding of the underlying mechanism of apoptosis is important as it plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In some, the problem is due to too much apoptosis, such as in the case of degenerative diseases while in others, too little apoptosis is the culprit. Cancer is one of the scenarios where too little apoptosis occurs, resulting in malignant cells that will not die. The mechanism of apoptosis is complex and involves many pathways. Defects can occur at any point along these pathways, leading to malignant transformation of the affected cells, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. Despite being the cause of problem, apoptosis plays an important role in the treatment of cancer as it is a popular target of many treatment strategies. The abundance of literature suggests that targeting apoptosis in cancer is feasible. However, many troubling questions arise with the use of new drugs or treatment strategies that are designed to enhance apoptosis and critical tests must be passed before they can be used safely in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Y Wong
- Division of Human Biology, School of Medical and Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Relapse of drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been associated with increased expression of survivin/BIRC5, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, suggesting a survival advantage for ALL cells. In the present study, we report that inhibition of survivin in patient-derived ALL can eradicate leukemia. Targeting survivin with shRNA in combination with chemotherapy resulted in no detectable minimal residual disease in a xenograft model of primary ALL. Similarly, pharmacologic knock-down of survivin using EZN-3042, a novel locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide, in combination with chemotherapy eliminated drug-resistant ALL cells. These findings show the importance of survivin expression in drug resistance and demonstrate that survivin inhibition may represent a powerful approach to overcoming drug resistance and preventing relapse in patients with ALL.
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Kang BH, Xia F, Pop R, Dohi T, Socolovsky M, Altieri DC. Developmental control of apoptosis by the immunophilin aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) involves mitochondrial import of the survivin protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16758-67. [PMID: 21454573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a multifunctional protein with essential roles in cell division and inhibition of apoptosis, but the molecular underpinnings of its cytoprotective properties are poorly understood. Here we show that homozygous deletion of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP), a survivin-associated immunophilin, causes embryonic lethality in mice by embryonic day 13.5-14, increased apoptosis of Ter119(-)/CD71(-) early erythropoietic progenitors, and loss of survivin expression in its cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments in vivo. In import assays using recombinant proteins, AIP directly mediated the import of survivin to mitochondria, thus enabling its anti-apoptotic function, whereas a survivin 1-141 mutant that does not bind AIP was not imported to mitochondria and failed to inhibit apoptosis. AIP-directed mitochondrial import of survivin did not affect cell division, was independent of the organelle transmembrane potential, did not require the chaperone Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90), and was inhibited by cytosolic factor(s) present in normal cells. shRNA knockdown of the mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 abolished mitochondrial import of survivin and sensitized tumor cells to apoptosis, whereas silencing of Tom70 had no effect. Therefore, an AIP-Tom20 recognition contributes to cell survival in development and cancer by mediating the mitochondrial import of survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Heon Kang
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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Abstract
Survivin, the smallest member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), plays an important role in the control of apoptosis, cell division, and cell migration/metastasis. Survivin is expressed and required for normal fetal development but is then generally no longer present in most adult tissues. However, reexpression of survivin is observed in numerous human cancers where presence of the protein is associated with enhanced proliferation, metastasis, poor prognosis, and decreased patient survival. Given the relatively selective expression in cancer cells, but not in normal tissue (tumor-associated antigen), and its importance in tumor cell biology, survivin has emerged as an attractive target for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss some aspects of survivin biology by focusing on why the protein appears to be so important for cancer cells and then discuss strategies that harness this dependence to eradicate tumors and situate survivin as a potential Achilles' heel of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundacion Ciencia para la Vida, Santiago, Chile
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