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Zhou J, Murata H, Tomonobu N, Mizuta N, Yamakawa A, Yamamoto KI, Kinoshita R, Sakaguchi M. S100A11 is involved in the progression of colorectal cancer through the desmosome-catenin-TCF signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00930-2. [PMID: 38842658 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Compiling evidence has indicated that S100A11 expression at high levels is closely associated with various cancer species. Consistent with the results reported elsewhere, we have also revealed that S100A11 is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, and pancreatic cancers and plays a crucial role in cancer progression when secreted into extracellular fluid. Those studies are all focused on the extracellular role of S100A11. However, most of S100A11 is still present within cancer cells, although the intracellular role of S100A11 in cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate S100A11 functions within cancer cells, primarily focusing on colorectal cancer cells, whose S100A11 is abundantly present in cells and still poorly studied cancer for the protein. Our efforts revealed that overexpression of S100A11 promotes proliferation and migration, and downregulation inversely dampens those cancer behaviors. To clarify how intracellular S100A11 aids cancer cell activation, we tried to identify S100A11 binding proteins, resulting in novel binding partners in the inner membrane, many of which are desmosome proteins. Our molecular approach defined that S100A11 regulates the expression level of DSG1, a component protein of desmosome, by which S100A11 activates the TCF pathway via promoting nuclear translocation of γ-catenin from the desmosome. The identified new pathway greatly helps to comprehend S100A11's nature in colorectal cancers and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of the Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naoko Mizuta
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yamakawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Yu D, Wang H, Zhai Y, Lei Z, Sun M, Chen S, Yin P, Wang X. Effects of latroeggtoxin-VI on dopamine and α-synuclein in PC12 cells and the implications for Parkinson's disease. Biol Res 2024; 57:9. [PMID: 38491377 PMCID: PMC10943915 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons leading to dopamine deficiency, excessive α-synuclein facilitating Lewy body formation, etc. Latroeggtoxin-VI (LETX-VI), a proteinaceous neurotoxin discovered from the eggs of spider L. tredecimguttatus, was previously found to promote the synthesis and release of PC12 cells, showing a great potential as a drug candidate for PD. However, the relevant mechanisms have not been understood completely. The present study explored the mechanism underlying the effects of LETX-VI on dopamine and α-synuclein of PC12 cells and the implications for PD. RESULTS After PC12 cells were treated with LETX-VI, the level of dopamine was significantly increased in a dose-dependent way within a certain range of concentrations. Further mechanism analysis showed that LETX-VI upregulated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and L-dopa decarboxylase to enhance the biosynthesis of dopamine, and downregulated that of monoamine oxidase B to reduce the degradation of dopamine. At the same time, LETX-VI promoted the transport and release of dopamine through modulating the abundance and/or posttranslational modification of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT). While the level of dopamine was increased by LETX-VI treatment, α-synuclein content was reduced by the spider toxin. α-Synuclein overexpression significantly decreased the dopamine level and LETX-VI efficiently alleviated the inhibitory action of excessive α-synuclein on dopamine. In the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD, application of LETX-VI ameliorated parkinsonian behaviors of the mice, and reduced the magnitude of MPTP-induced α-synuclein upregulation and TH downregulation. In addition, LETX-VI displayed neuroprotective effects by inhibiting MPTP-induced decrease in the numbers of TH-positive and Nissl-stained neurons in mouse brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS All the results demonstrate that LETX-VI promotes the synthesis and release of dopamine in PC12 cells via multiple mechanisms including preventing abnormal α-synuclein accumulation, showing implications in the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianmei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhixiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Minglu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Panfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xianchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Protein Chemistry Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
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Marr AR, Halpin M, Corbin DL, Asemelash Y, Sher S, Gordon BK, Whipp EC, Mitchell S, Harrington BK, Orwick S, Benrashid S, Goettl VM, Yildiz V, Mitchell AD, Cahn O, Mims AS, Larkin KTM, Long M, Blachly J, Woyach JA, Lapalombella R, Grieselhuber NR. The multi-CDK inhibitor dinaciclib reverses bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor resistance in acute myeloid leukemia via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:27. [PMID: 38438856 PMCID: PMC10913666 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematologic cancer with poor survival across a broad range of molecular subtypes. Development of efficacious and well-tolerable therapies encompassing the range of mutations that can arise in AML remains an unmet need. The bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of proteins represents an attractive therapeutic target in AML due to their crucial roles in many cellular functions, regardless of any specific mutation. Many BET inhibitors (BETi) are currently in pre-clinical and early clinical development, but acquisition of resistance continues to remain an obstacle for the drug class. Novel methods to circumvent this development of resistance could be instrumental for the future use of BET inhibitors in AML, both as monotherapy and in combination. To date, many investigations into possible drug combinations of BETi with CDK inhibitors have focused on CDK9, which has a known physical and functional interaction with the BET protein BRD4. Therefore, we wished to investigate possible synergy and additive effects between inhibitors of these targets in AML. Here, we describe combination therapy with the multi-CDK inhibitor dinaciclib and the BETi PLX51107 in pre-clinical models of AML. Dinaciclib and PLX51107 demonstrate additive effects in AML cell lines, primary AML samples, and in vivo. Further, we demonstrate novel activity of dinaciclib through inhibition of the canonical/β-catenin dependent Wnt signaling pathway, a known resistance mechanism to BETi in AML. We show dinaciclib inhibits Wnt signaling at multiple levels, including downregulation of β-catenin, the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, as well as many Wnt pathway components and targets. Moreover, dinaciclib sensitivity remains unaffected in a setting of BET resistance, demonstrating similar inhibitory effects on Wnt signaling when compared to BET-sensitive cells. Ultimately, our results demonstrate rationale for combination CDKi and BETi in AML. In addition, our novel finding of Wnt signaling inhibition could have potential implications in other cancers where Wnt signaling is dysregulated and demonstrates one possible approach to circumvent development of BET resistance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Marr
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Madeline Halpin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dominique L Corbin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yerdanos Asemelash
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven Sher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Britten K Gordon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ethan C Whipp
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Shelley Orwick
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samon Benrashid
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Virginia M Goettl
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vedat Yildiz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Mitchell
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Olivia Cahn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice S Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karilyn T M Larkin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Meixao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James Blachly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Leukemia Research Program, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Leukemia Research Program, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Leukemia Research Program, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicole R Grieselhuber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Leukemia Research Program, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Piccinno E, Scalavino V, Labarile N, Bianco G, Savino MT, Armentano R, Giannelli G, Serino G. Downregulation of γ-Catenin by miR-195-5p Inhibits Colon Cancer Progression, Regulating Desmosome Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:494. [PMID: 38203664 PMCID: PMC10779266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are essential structures for ensuring tissue functions, and their deregulation is involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). JUP (γ-catenin) is a desmosome adhesion component that also acts as a signaling hub, suggesting its potential involvement in CRC progression. In this context, we recently demonstrated that miR-195-5p regulated JUP and desmosome cadherins expression. In addition, miR-195-5p gain of function indirectly modulated the expression of key effectors of the Wnt pathway involved in JUP-dependent signaling. Here, our purpose was to demonstrate the aberrant expression of miR-195-5p and JUP in CRC patients and to functionally characterize the role of miR-195-5p in the regulation of desmosome function. First, we showed that miR-195-5p was downregulated in CRC tumors compared to adjacent normal tissue. Then, we demonstrated that JUP expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The effects of miR-195-5p on CRC progression were assessed using in vitro transient transfection experiments and in vivo miRNA administration. Increased miR-195-5p in colonic epithelial cells strongly inhibits cell proliferation, viability, and invasion via JUP. In vivo gain of function of miR-195-5p reduced the numbers and sizes of tumors and significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes typical of CRC. In conclusion, our findings indicate a potential pharmacological target based on miR-195-5p replacement as a new therapeutic approach in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (E.P.); (V.S.); (N.L.); (G.B.); (M.T.S.); (R.A.); (G.G.)
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Jayathirtha M, Jayaweera T, Whitham D, Petre BA, Neagu AN, Darie CC. Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Nanoliquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Tumorigenic Pathways in the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Transfected for Jumping Translocation Breakpoint Protein Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14714. [PMID: 37834160 PMCID: PMC10572688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new genes/proteins involved in breast cancer (BC) occurrence is widely used to discover novel biomarkers and understand the molecular mechanisms of BC initiation and progression. The jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene may act both as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various types of tumors, including BC. Thus, the JTB protein could have the potential to be used as a biomarker in BC, but its neoplastic mechanisms still remain unknown or controversial. We previously analyzed the interacting partners of JTBhigh protein extracted from transfected MCF7 BC cell line using SDS-PAGE complemented with in-solution digestion, respectively. The previous results suggested the JTB contributed to the development of a more aggressive phenotype and behavior for the MCF7 BC cell line through synergistic upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitotic spindle, and fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. In this work, we aim to complement the previously reported JTB proteomics-based experiments by investigating differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and tumorigenic pathways associated with JTB overexpression using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Statistically different gel spots were picked for protein digestion, followed by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. We identified six DEPs related to the JTBhigh condition vs. control that emphasize a pro-tumorigenic (PT) role. Twenty-one proteins, which are known to be usually overexpressed in cancer cells, emphasize an anti-tumorigenic (AT) role when low expression occurs. According to our previous results, proteins that have a PT role are mainly involved in the activation of the EMT process. Interestingly, JTB overexpression has been correlated here with a plethora of significant upregulated and downregulated proteins that sustain JTB tumor suppressive functions. Our present and previous results sustain the necessity of the complementary use of different proteomics-based methods (SDS-PAGE, 2D-PAGE, and in-solution digestion) followed by tandem mass spectrometry to avoid their limitations, with each method leading to the delineation of specific clusters of DEPs that may be merged for a better understanding of molecular pathways and neoplastic mechanisms related to the JTB's role in BC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Taniya Jayaweera
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Brîndușa Alina Petre
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
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Novel Insights into the Role of Kras in Myeloid Differentiation: Engaging with Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020322. [PMID: 36672256 PMCID: PMC9857056 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line can be differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The molecular mechanisms involved in this differentiation process, however, remain unclear. This review focuses on the differentiation of HL-60 cells. Although the Ras proteins, a group of small GTP-binding proteins, are ubiquitously expressed and highly homologous, each has specific molecular functions. Kras was shown to be essential for normal mouse development, whereas Hras and Nras are not. Kras knockout mice develop profound hematopoietic defects, indicating that Kras is required for hematopoiesis in adults. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the homeostasis of hematopoietic cells. The protein β-catenin is a key player in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A great deal of evidence shows that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is deregulated in malignant tumors, including hematological malignancies. Wild-type Kras acts as a tumor suppressor during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Upon DMSO treatment, Kras translocates to the plasma membrane, and its activity is enhanced. Inhibition of Kras attenuates CD11b expression. DMSO also elevates levels of GSK3β phosphorylation, resulting in the release of unphosphorylated β-catenin from the β-catenin destruction complex and its accumulation in the cytoplasm. The accumulated β-catenin subsequently translocates into the nucleus. Inhibition of Kras attenuates Lef/Tcf-sensitive transcription activity. Thus, upon treatment of HL-60 cells with DMSO, wild-type Kras reacts with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby regulating the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Wild-type Kras and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are activated sequentially, increasing the levels of expression of C/EBPα, C/EBPε, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor.
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Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231097. [PMID: 35352805 PMCID: PMC9069440 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
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Liu M, Yang J, Xu B, Zhang X. Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:587-617. [PMID: 34977870 PMCID: PMC8706758 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Bushu Xu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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Hadzic S, Wu CY, Gredic M, Kojonazarov B, Pak O, Kraut S, Sommer N, Kosanovic D, Grimminger F, Schermuly RT, Seeger W, Bellusci S, Weissmann N. The effect of long-term doxycycline treatment in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L903-L915. [PMID: 33760647 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00048.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and a still incurable disease, comprising emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In addition to airflow limitation, patients with COPD can suffer from pulmonary hypertension (PH). Doxycycline, an antibiotic from the tetracycline family, in addition to its pronounced antimicrobial activity, acts as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor and has anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, doxycycline treatment exhibited a beneficial effect in several preclinical cardiovascular disease models. In preclinical research, doxycycline is frequently employed for gene expression modulation in Tet-On/Tet-Off transgenic animal models. Therefore, it is crucial to know whether doxycycline treatment in Tet-On/Tet-Off systems has effects independent of gene expression modulation by such systems. Against this background, we assessed the possible curative effects of long-term doxycycline administration in a mouse model of chronic CS exposure. Animals were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 8 mo and then subsequently treated with doxycycline for additional 3 mo in room air conditions. Doxycycline decreased the expression of MMPs and general pro-inflammatory markers in the lungs from CS-exposed mice. This downregulation was, however, insufficient to ameliorate CS-induced emphysema or PH. Tet-On/Tet-Off induction by doxycycline in such models is a feasible genetic approach to study curative effects at least in established CS-induced emphysema and PH. However, we report several parameters that are influenced by doxycycline and use of a Tet-On/Tet-Off system when evaluating those parameters should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hadzic
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marija Gredic
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Kraut
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Chen K, Zeng J, Sun Y, Ouyang W, Yu G, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Yao W, Xiao W, Hu J, Xing J, Xiao K, Wu L, Chen Z, Ye Z, Xu H. Junction plakoglobin regulates and destabilizes HIF2α to inhibit tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:316-332. [PMID: 33591636 PMCID: PMC8045910 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) activation is a common event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression. However, the function and underlying mechanism of HIF2α in ccRCC remains uninvestigated. We conducted this study to access the potential link between junction plakoglobin (JUP) and HIF2α in ccRCC. Methods Affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP‐MS) screening, glutathione‐s‐transferase (GST) pull‐down and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays were performed to detect the interacting proteins of HIF2α. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of JUP in human ccRCC samples. Luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), cycloheximide chase assays, and ubiquitination assays were conducted to explore the regulation of JUP on the activity of HIF2α. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays, colony formation assays, transwell assays, and xenograft tumor assays were performed to investigate the effect of JUP knockdown or overexpression on the tumorigenicity of renal cancer cells. Results We identified JUP as a novel HIF2α‐binding partner and revealed an important role of JUP in recruiting von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) and histone deacetylases 1/2 (HDAC1/2) to HIF2α to regulate its stability and transactivation. JUP knockdown promoted and overexpression suppressed the tumorigenicity of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the low expression of JUP was found in clinical ccRCC samples and correlated with enhanced hypoxia scores and poor treatment outcomes. Conclusion Taken together, these data support a role of JUP in modulating HIF2α signaling during ccRCC progression and identify JUP as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinchun Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Kefeng Xiao
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P. R. China
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
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11
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Chen Y, Yang L, Qin Y, Liu S, Qiao Y, Wan X, Zeng H, Tang X, Liu M, Hou Y. Effects of differential distributed-JUP on the malignancy of gastric cancer. J Adv Res 2020; 28:195-208. [PMID: 33364056 PMCID: PMC7753239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
JUP, a homologue of β-catenin, is a cell-cell junction protein involved in adhesion junction and desmosome composition. JUP may have a controversial role in different malignancies dependence of its competence with or collaboration with β-catenin as a transcription factor. In this study, we reveal that the function of JUP is related to its cellular location in GC development process from epithelium-like, low malignant GC to advanced EMT-phenotypic GC. Gradual loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP is closely correlated with GC malignancy and poor prognostics. Knockdown of JUP in epithelium-like GC cells causes EMT and promotes GC cell migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of wild JUP in malignant GC cells leads to an attenuated malignant phenotype such as reduced cell invasive potential. In mechanism, loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP abolishes the restrain of JUP to EGFR at cell membrane and results in increased p-AKT levels and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling activity. In addition, nuclear JUP interacts with nuclear β-catenin and TCF4 and plays a synergistic role with β-catenin in promoting TCF4 transcription and its downstream target MMP7 expression to fuel GC cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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12
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Frenquelli M, Tonon G. WNT Signaling in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:615190. [PMID: 33409156 PMCID: PMC7779757 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.615190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the WNT signaling pathway in key cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration is well documented. WNT signaling cascade is initiated by the interaction of WNT ligands with receptors belonging to the Frizzled family, and/or the ROR1/ROR2 and RYK families. The downstream signaling cascade results in the activation of the canonical β-catenin dependent pathway, ultimately leading to transcriptional control of cell proliferation, or the non-canonical pathway, mainly acting on cell migration and cell polarity. The high level of expression of both WNT ligands and WNT receptors in cancer cells and in the surrounding microenvironment suggests that WNT may represent a central conduit of interactions between tumor cells and microenviroment. In this review we will focus on WNT pathways deregulation in hematological cancers, both at the ligand and receptor levels. We will review available literature regarding both the classical β-catenin dependent pathway as well as the non-canonical pathway, with particular emphasis on the possible exploitation of WNT aberrant activation as a therapeutic target, a notion supported by preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Frenquelli
- B-cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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13
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Álvarez-Izquierdo M, Guillermo Esteban J, Muñoz-Antoli C, Toledo R. Ileal proteomic changes associated with IL-25-mediated resistance against intestinal trematode infections. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:336. [PMID: 32616023 PMCID: PMC7331265 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is an intestinal trematode, which has been extensively used to investigate the factors that determine the rejection of intestinal helminths. In this sense, several studies have shown that IL-25 is critical for the development of resistance against E. caproni in mice. In fact, treatment of mice with recombinant IL-25 generates resistance against primary E. caproni infection. However, the mechanisms by which IL-25 induces resistance remain unknown. Methods To study the mechanisms responsible for resistance elicited by IL-25, we analyzed the ileal proteomic changes induced by IL-25 in mice and their potential role in resistance. To this purpose, we compared the protein expression profiles in the ileum of four experimental groups of mice: naïve controls; E. caproni-infected mice; rIL-25-treated mice; and rIL-25-treated mice exposed to E. caproni metacercariae. Results Quantitative comparison by 2D-DIGE showed significant changes in a total of 41 spots. Of these, 40 validated protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry corresponding to 24 proteins. Conclusions Our results indicate that resistance to infection is associated with the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the regulation of proliferation and cell death. These results provide new insights into the proteins involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis after intestinal infection and its transcendence in resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Izquierdo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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14
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Soares-Lima SC, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Carneiro FRG. The multiple ways Wnt signaling contributes to acute leukemia pathogenesis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1081-1099. [PMID: 32573851 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0420-707r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT proteins constitute a very conserved family of secreted glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands for signaling with critical roles in hematopoiesis, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. These proteins transduce signals via the canonical pathway, which is β-catenin-mediated and better-characterized, or via more diverse noncanonical pathways that are β-catenin independent and comprise the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and the WNT/Ca++ pathways. Several proteins regulate Wnt signaling through a variety of sophisticated mechanisms. Disorders within the pathway can contribute to various human diseases, and the dysregulation of Wnt pathways by different molecular mechanisms is implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of cancer, including the hematological malignancies. The types of leukemia differ considerably and can be subdivided into chronic, myeloid or lymphocytic, and acute, myeloid or lymphocytic, leukemia, according to the differentiation stage of the predominant cells, the progenitor lineage, the diagnostic age strata, and the specific molecular drivers behind their development. Here, we review the role of Wnt signaling in normal hematopoiesis and discuss in detail the multiple ways canonical Wnt signaling can be dysregulated in acute leukemia, including alterations in gene expression and protein levels, epigenetic regulation, and mutations. Furthermore, we highlight the different impacts of these alterations, considering the distinct forms of the disease, and the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C Soares-Lima
- Epigenetics Group, Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia R G Carneiro
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,FIOCRUZ, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Chowdhury A, Loaiza S, Yebra-Fernandez E, Nadal-Melsio E, Apperley JF, Khorashad JS. An ex vivo investigation of interactions between primary acute myeloid leukaemia and mesenchymal stromal cells yields novel therapeutic targets. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:e236-e239. [PMID: 32519342 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Chowdhury
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sandra Loaiza
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Yebra-Fernandez
- SIHMDS North West London Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Elisabet Nadal-Melsio
- SIHMDS North West London Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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Quassinoid analogs with enhanced efficacy for treatment of hematologic malignancies target the PI3Kγ isoform. Commun Biol 2020; 3:267. [PMID: 32461675 PMCID: PMC7253423 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel PI3K inhibitors is an important strategy to overcome their resistance and poor tolerability in clinical trials. The quassinoid family member Brusatol shows specific inhibitory activity against hematologic malignancies. However, the mechanism of its anti-cancer activity is unknown. We investigated the anti-cancer activity of Brusatol on multiple hematologic malignancies derived cell lines. The results demonstrated that the PI3Kγ isoform was identified as a direct target of Brusatol, and inhibition was dramatically reduced on cells with lower PI3Kγ levels. Novel synthetic analogs were also developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. They shared comparable or superior potency in their ability to inhibit malignant hematologic cell lines, and in a xenograft transplant mouse model. One unique analog had minimal toxicity to normal human cells and in a mouse model. These new analogs have enhanced potential for development as a new class of PI3K inhibitors for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Pei et al. demonstrate that PI3Kγ isoform is a direct target of Brusatol, a natural compound with inhibitory activity against hematologic malignancies. They further develop several Brusatol analogs with superior in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity.
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17
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Myeloid translocation gene CBFA2T3 directs a relapse gene program and determines patient-specific outcomes in AML. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1379-1393. [PMID: 31040112 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CBFA2T3 is a master transcriptional coregulator in hematopoiesis. In this study, we report novel functions of CBFA2T3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse. CBFA2T3 regulates cell-fate genes to establish gene expression signatures associated with leukemia stem cell (LSC) transformation and relapse. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that CBFA2T3 expression marks LSC signatures in primary AML samples. Analysis of paired primary and relapsed samples showed that acquisition of LSC gene signatures involves cell type-specific activation of CBFA2T3 transcription via the NM_005187 promoter by GCN5. Short hairpin RNA-mediated downregulation of CBFA2T3 arrests G1/S cell cycle progression, diminishes LSC gene signatures, and attenuates in vitro and in vivo proliferation of AML cells. We also found that the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion protein transcriptionally represses NM_005187 to confer t(8;21) AML patients a natural resistance to relapse, whereas lacking a similar repression mechanism renders non-core-binding factor AML patients highly susceptible to relapse. These studies show that 2 related primary AML-associated factors, the expression level of CBFA2T3 and the ability of leukemia cells to repress cell type-specific CBFA2T3 gene transcription, play important roles in patient prognosis, providing a paradigm that differential abilities to repress hematopoietic coregulator gene transcription are correlated with patient-specific outcomes in AML.
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18
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Qian J, Huang X, Zhang Y, Ye X, Qian W. γ-Catenin Overexpression in AML Patients May Promote Tumor Cell Survival via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1265-1276. [PMID: 32103994 PMCID: PMC7024797 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has been implicated in leukemogenesis. γ-catenin was previously demonstrated to be associated with the nuclear localization of β-catenin, the central mediator, and to exert oncogenic effects in AML; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the expression characteristics of γ-catenin in AML patients, explore the mechanisms by which γ-catenin regulates β-catenin, and discuss the feasibility of targeting γ-catenin for AML treatment. Methods The mRNA expression levels of γ-catenin in AML patients were measured by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was examined via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The expression levels of related proteins were measured via Western blotting. Specific siRNA was used to modulate the expression level of the γ-catenin gene. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were quantified by flow cytometry. The subcellular localization of γ-catenin and β-catenin was examined via immunofluorescence with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Results Overexpression of γ-catenin was frequently observed in AML and correlated with poor prognosis. Consistent with this finding, suppression of γ-catenin in the AML cell line THP-1 induced growth inhibition, promoted apoptosis and blocked β-catenin nuclear translocation. Interestingly, γ-catenin knockdown sensitized THP-1 cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as cytarabine and homoharringtonine and further inhibited β-catenin nuclear localization. Moreover, our data implied the relationship between γ-catenin and GSK3β (whose effect on β-catenin is mediated by its own phosphorylation), which may be the principal mechanism underlying the anti-AML effect of γ-catenin inhibition. Conclusion Taken together, our results revealed a potential role of γ-catenin in AML pathogenesis–mainly through the inhibition of GSK3β-mediated nuclear localization of β-catenin–and indicate that targeting γ-catenin might offer new AML treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China.,Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
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19
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Alanazi B, Munje CR, Rastogi N, Williamson AJK, Taylor S, Hole PS, Hodges M, Doyle M, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Knapper S, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Darley RL, Tonks A. Integrated nuclear proteomics and transcriptomics identifies S100A4 as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:427-440. [PMID: 31611628 PMCID: PMC6995695 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate localization of proteins can interfere with normal cellular function and drive tumor development. To understand how this contributes to the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we compared the nuclear proteome and transcriptome of AML blasts with normal human CD34+ cells. Analysis of the proteome identified networks and processes that significantly affected transcription regulation including misexpression of 11 transcription factors with seven proteins not previously implicated in AML. Transcriptome analysis identified changes in 40 transcription factors but none of these were predictive of changes at the protein level. The highest differentially expressed protein in AML nuclei compared with normal CD34+ nuclei (not previously implicated in AML) was S100A4. In an extended cohort, we found that over-expression of nuclear S100A4 was highly prevalent in AML (83%; 20/24 AML patients). Knock down of S100A4 in AML cell lines strongly impacted their survival whilst normal hemopoietic stem progenitor cells were unaffected. These data are the first analysis of the nuclear proteome in AML and have identified changes in transcription factor expression or regulation of transcription that would not have been seen at the mRNA level. These data also suggest that S100A4 is essential for AML survival and could be a therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alanazi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Chinmay R Munje
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew J K Williamson
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Paul S Hole
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Marie Hodges
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Michelle Doyle
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Steven Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
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20
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Adjuvant Epigenetic Therapy of Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Exerts Anti-Neoplastic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121480. [PMID: 31766421 PMCID: PMC6952979 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical epigenetic processes including histone acetylation and DNA methylation have been identified as a fundamental theme in hematologic malignancies. Such mechanisms modify gene expression and prompt, in part at least, the initiation and progression of several malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia. In the current study we determined the effects of treating KG-1 and U937 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, in vitro, with the HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), or with a DNMT inhibitor, decitabine (DAC), or their combination, on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Each of SAHA and DAC attenuated cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death of KG-1 and U937 cell lines. Besides, their sequential combination improved the obtained anti-neoplastic effect: significant augmentation of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction as compared to cells treated with either drug alone. This effect was featured by the upregulated expression of Bax, cytochrome c1, p21, and cleaved caspases 8, 9, and 3, signifying the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The sequential combination of SAHA and DAC causes a profound antitumorigenic effect in AML cell lines by inducing the expression of tumor suppressor genes.
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21
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Wnt Signalling in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111403. [PMID: 31703382 PMCID: PMC6912424 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a group of malignant diseases of the haematopoietic system. AML occurs as the result of mutations in haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, which upregulate Wnt signalling through a variety of mechanisms. Other mechanisms of Wnt activation in AML have been described such as Wnt antagonist inactivation through promoter methylation. Wnt signalling is necessary for the maintenance of leukaemic stem cells. Several molecules involved in or modulating Wnt signalling have a prognostic value in AML. These include: β-catenin, LEF-1, phosphorylated-GSK3β, PSMD2, PPARD, XPNPEP, sFRP2, RUNX1, AXIN2, PCDH17, CXXC5, LLGL1 and PTK7. Targeting Wnt signalling for tumour eradication is an approach that is being explored in haematological and solid tumours. A number of preclinical studies confirms its feasibility, albeit, so far no reliable clinical trial data are available to prove its utility and efficacy.
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22
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Fang J, Xiao L, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Wang Z, Liu Y. Junction plakoglobin, a potential prognostic marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma, promotes proliferation, migration and invasion. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:30-38. [PMID: 31420988 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junction plakoglobin (JUP) is an important cell-cell junction protein. Recently, its deregulation has been correlated with the initiation and progression of various malignancies. Our aim was to investigate the expression of JUP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with prognosis and to further study the effects of JUP on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. METHODS We detected JUP expression in 273 OSCC specimens using immunohistochemistry. We assessed the correlation of JUP expression with clinicopathologic parameters and patient survival by Cox regression. Then, expression levels of JUP in normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) and OSCC cell lines were detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Next, we used HSC3 cells to study the effect of JUP on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS Cox regression showed that high expression of JUP was related to the poor prognosis of OSCC patients. Western blotting and qPCR assays showed that the expression level of JUP in OSCC cell lines was higher than that in NOKs. Overexpression of JUP promoted the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of HSC3 cells and inhibited apoptosis, while the opposite was observed after JUP knockdown. CONCLUSION This study initially revealed that JUP was overexpressed in OSCC, and that JUP promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, high expression of JUP could be used as a potential prognostic marker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yanshuang Peng
- Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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23
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CD82 supports survival of childhood acute myeloid leukemia cells via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:1024-1031. [PMID: 30862962 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell marker CD82 plays a vital role in the oncogenesis and progression of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), especially in sharing properties of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for the development of LSCs in AML. The present study aimed to validate whether CD82 supports the survival of LSCs in pediatric AML via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS CD82 expression and its correlation with molecules downstream of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in samples from pediatric AML patients were analyzed. Forced or downregulated expression of CD82 in AML cells was evaluated for the effects of CD82 on cell proliferation, cycle regulation, apoptosis, and adriamycin chemoresistance and to validate the underlying mechanism. RESULT Aberrant expression of CD82 in pediatric AML patients was found. CD82 messenger RNA expression correlated positively with downstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in AML children. Knockdown of CD82 induced apoptosis, suppressed growth, and decreased adriamycin chemoresistance in AML cells. CD82 accelerated β-catenin nuclear location and then stimulated the expression of downstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSION CD82 regulates the proliferation and chemotherapy resistance of AML cells via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which suggest that the CD82 may be a potential therapeutic target in AML children.
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24
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Luong-Gardiol N, Siddiqui I, Pizzitola I, Jeevan-Raj B, Charmoy M, Huang Y, Irmisch A, Curtet S, Angelov GS, Danilo M, Juilland M, Bornhauser B, Thome M, Hantschel O, Chalandon Y, Cazzaniga G, Bourquin JP, Huelsken J, Held W. γ-Catenin-Dependent Signals Maintain BCR-ABL1 + B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:649-663.e10. [PMID: 30991025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is the cause of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and of a significant fraction of adult-onset B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cases. Using mouse models and patient-derived samples, we identified an essential role for γ-catenin in the initiation and maintenance of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL but not CML. The selectivity was explained by a partial γ-catenin dependence of MYC expression together with the susceptibility of B-ALL, but not CML, to reduced MYC levels. MYC and γ-catenin enabled B-ALL maintenance by augmenting BIRC5 and enforced BIRC5 expression overcame γ-catenin loss. Since γ-catenin was dispensable for normal hematopoiesis, these lineage- and disease-specific features of canonical Wnt signaling identified a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Luong-Gardiol
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Irene Pizzitola
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beena Jeevan-Raj
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Charmoy
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Irmisch
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Federal University of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Curtet
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Georgi S Angelov
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Danilo
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Juilland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beat Bornhauser
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Federal University of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Chalandon
- Service d'Hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric Clinic University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Federal University of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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25
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Fetisov TI, Lesovaya EA, Yakubovskaya MG, Kirsanov KI, Belitsky GA. Alterations in WNT Signaling in Leukemias. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1448-1458. [PMID: 30878020 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the role of impairments in the WNT signaling pathway in pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms of the hematopoietic system. Disorders in the WNT/β-catenin signaling in leukemias identified to date include hypersensitivity to the WNT ligands, epigenetic repression of WNT antagonists, overexpression of WNT ligands, impaired β-catenin degradation in the cytoplasm, and changes in the activity of the TCF/Lef transcription factors. At the molecular level, these impairments involve overexpression of the FZD protein, hypermethylation of the SFRP, DKK, WiF, Sox, and CXXC gene promoters, overexpression of Lef1 and plakoglobin, mutations in GSK3β, and β-catenin phosphorylation by the BCR-ABL kinase. This review is devoted to the systematization of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Fetisov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - E A Lesovaya
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - M G Yakubovskaya
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - K I Kirsanov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - G A Belitsky
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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26
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Morgan RG, Ridsdale J, Payne M, Heesom KJ, Wilson MC, Davidson A, Greenhough A, Davies S, Williams AC, Blair A, Waterman ML, Tonks A, Darley RL. LEF-1 drives aberrant β-catenin nuclear localization in myeloid leukemia cells. Haematologica 2019; 104:1365-1377. [PMID: 30630973 PMCID: PMC6601079 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.202846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently dysregulated in myeloid leukemias and is implicated in leukemogenesis. Nuclear-localized β-catenin is indicative of active Wnt signaling and is frequently observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients; however, some patients exhibit little or no nuclear β-catenin even where cytosolic β-catenin is abundant. Control of the subcellular localization of β-catenin therefore represents an additional mechanism regulating Wnt signaling in hematopoietic cells. To investigate the factors mediating the nuclear-localization of β-catenin, we carried out the first nuclear/cytoplasmic proteomic analysis of the β-catenin interactome in myeloid leukemia cells and identified putative novel β-catenin interactors. Comparison of interacting factors between Wnt-responsive cells (high nuclear β-catenin) versus Wnt-unresponsive cells (low nuclear β-catenin) suggested the transcriptional partner, LEF-1, could direct the nuclear-localization of β-catenin. The relative levels of nuclear LEF-1 and β-catenin were tightly correlated in both cell lines and in primary AML blasts. Furthermore, LEF-1 knockdown perturbed β-catenin nuclear-localization and transcriptional activation in Wnt-responsive cells. Conversely, LEF-1 overexpression was able to promote both nuclear-localization and β-catenin-dependent transcriptional responses in previously Wnt-unresponsive cells. This is the first β-catenin interactome study in hematopoietic cells and reveals LEF-1 as a mediator of nuclear β- catenin level in human myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys G Morgan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK .,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Jenna Ridsdale
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Megan Payne
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Allison Blair
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
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27
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Liu X, Klein PS. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 and alternative splicing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2018; 9:e1501. [PMID: 30118183 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly conserved negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase, cytokine, and Wnt signaling pathways. Stimulation of these pathways inhibits GSK-3 to modulate diverse downstream effectors that include transcription factors, nutrient sensors, glycogen synthesis, mitochondrial function, circadian rhythm, and cell fate. GSK-3 also regulates alternative splicing in response to T-cell receptor activation, and recent phosphoproteomic studies have revealed that multiple splicing factors and regulators of RNA biosynthesis are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent manner. Furthermore, inhibition of GSK-3 alters the splicing of hundreds of mRNAs, indicating a broad role for GSK-3 in the regulation of RNA processing. GSK-3-regulated phosphoproteins include SF3B1, SRSF2, PSF, RBM8A, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), and PHF6, many of which are mutated in leukemia and myelodysplasia. As GSK-3 is inhibited by pathways that are pathologically activated in leukemia and loss of Gsk3 in hematopoietic cells causes a severe myelodysplastic neoplasm in mice, these findings strongly implicate GSK-3 as a critical regulator of mRNA processing in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter S Klein
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Aktary Z, Alaee M, Pasdar M. Beyond cell-cell adhesion: Plakoglobin and the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32270-32291. [PMID: 28416759 PMCID: PMC5458283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plakoglobin (also known as? -catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β -catenin. Plakoglobin is a component of both the adherens junctions and desmosomes, and therefore plays a vital role in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. Similar to β -catenin, plakoglobin is capable of participating in cell signaling in addition to its role in cell-cell adhesion. In this context, β -catenin has a well-documented oncogenic potential as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. In contrast, while some studies have suggested a tumor promoting activity of plakoglobin in a cell/malignancy specific context, it generally acts as a tumor/metastasis suppressor. How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. This review is primarily focused on various mechanisms by which plakoglobin may inhibit tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zackie Aktary
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Mahsa Alaee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manijeh Pasdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an important modulator of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, is highly regulated for the maintenance of critical biological homeostasis. Decades of studies in cancer genetics and genomics have demonstrated that multiple genes encoding key proteins in this signaling pathway serve as targets for recurrent mutational alterations. Among these proteins, β-catenin and adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) are two key nodes. β-catenin contributes in transporting extracellular signals for nuclear programming. Mutations of the CTNNB1 gene that encodes β-catenin occur in a wide spectrum of cancers. These mutations alter the spatial characteristics of the β-catenin protein, leading to drastic reprogramming of the nuclear transcriptional network. Among the outcomes of this reprogramming are increased cell proliferation, enhanced immunosuppression, and disruption of metabolic regulation. Herein we review the current understanding of CTNNB1 mutations, their roles in tumorigenesis and discuss their possible therapeutic implications for cancer.
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30
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Aberrant Wnt Signaling in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090078. [PMID: 27571104 PMCID: PMC5040980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in the development and homeostasis of blood and immune cells, but its exact role is still controversial and is the subject of intense research. The malignant counterpart of normal hematopoietic cells, leukemic (stem) cells, have hijacked the Wnt pathway for their self-renewal and proliferation. Here we review the multiple ways dysregulated Wnt signaling can contribute to leukemogenesis, both cell autonomously as well as by changes in the microenvironment.
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31
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Jin Y, Yao Y, Chen L, Zhu X, Jin B, Shen Y, Li J, Du X, Lu Y, Jiang S, Pan J. Depletion of γ-catenin by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Confers Elimination of CML Stem Cells in Combination with Imatinib. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1947-62. [PMID: 27570562 PMCID: PMC4997248 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that are insensitive to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors confer resistance to imatinib in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Identifying proteins to regulate survival and stemness of LSCs is urgently needed. Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can eliminate quiescent LSCs in CML, little is known about the underlying mechanism that HDACis kill LSCs. By fishing with a biotin-labeled probe, we identified that HDACi JSL-1 bound to the protein γ-catenin. γ-Catenin expression was higher in LSCs from CML patients than normal hematopoietic stem cells. Silencing γ-catenin in human CML CD34(+) bone-marrow (BM) cells sufficiently eliminated LSCs, which suggests that γ-catenin is required for survival of CML LSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of γ-catenin thwarted survival and self-renewal of human CML CD34(+) cells in vitro, and of murine LSCs in BCR-ABL-driven CML mice. γ-Catenin inhibition reduced long-term engraftment of human CML CD34(+) cells in NOD.Cg-Prkdc (scid) II2rg (tm1Sug)/JicCrl (NOG) mice. Silencing γ-catenin by shRNA in human primary CD34(+) cells did not alter β-catenin, implying a β-catenin-independent role of γ-catenin in survival and self-renewal of CML LSCs. Taken together, our findings validate that γ-catenin may be a novel therapeutic target of LSCs, and suppression of γ-catenin by HDACi may explain elimination of CML LSCs.
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32
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Xu J, Wu W, Shen W, Liu P. The clinical significance of γ-catenin in acute myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3861-71. [PMID: 27390526 PMCID: PMC4930232 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of γ-catenin may function as an oncogenic factor in various malignancies. We investigated γ-catenin expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and explored its role in the pathogenesis of AML. γ-Catenin was significantly overexpressed in AML patients compared to healthy donors. The γ-catenin expression in AML patients with lower white blood cells (<30×109/L) was significantly higher than those with higher white blood cells (≥30×109/L). The expression levels of γ-catenin in AML patients with mutated CEBPα were significantly higher than those with unmutated CEBPα. AML patients with lower γ-catenin levels were more likely to achieve complete remission compared with patients who have higher γ-catenin levels. In K562 cells, γ-catenin knockdown suppressed cellular proliferation, while the cellular migration was greatly enhanced. Moreover, knocking down of γ-catenin enhanced the cytotoxicity of decitabine in K562 cells. Our investigation has indicated a potential role of γ-catenin in the pathogenesis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadai Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Wenyi Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Heidel FH, Arreba-Tutusaus P, Armstrong SA, Fischer T. Evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways: acting in the shadows of acute myelogenous leukemia's genetic diversity. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:240-8. [PMID: 25593343 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells (AML-LSC) give rise to the leukemic bulk population and maintain disease. Relapse can arise from residual LSCs that have distinct sensitivity and dependencies when compared with the AML bulk. AML-LSCs are driven by genetic and epigenomic changes, and these alterations influence prognosis and clonal selection. Therapies targeting these molecular aberrations have been developed and show promising responses in advanced clinical trials; however, so far success with LSCs has been limited. Besides the genetic diversity, AML-LSCs are critically influenced by the microenvironment, and a third crucial aspect has recently come to the fore: A group of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways such as canonical Wnt signaling, Notch signaling, or the Hedgehog pathway can be essential for maintenance of AML-LSC but may be redundant for normal hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, early reports suggest also regulators of cell polarity may also influence hematopoietic stem cells and AML biology. Interactions between these pathways have been investigated recently and suggest a network of signaling pathways involved in regulation of self-renewal and response to oncogenic stress. Here, we review how recent discoveries on regulation of AML-LSC-relevant evolutionarily conserved pathways may open opportunities for novel treatment approaches eradicating residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Heidel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Arreba-Tutusaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Broussard JA, Getsios S, Green KJ. Desmosome regulation and signaling in disease. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:501-12. [PMID: 25693896 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesive organelles with a well-known role in forming strong intercellular adhesion during embryogenesis and in adult tissues subject to mechanical stress, such as the heart and skin. More recently, desmosome components have also emerged as cell signaling regulators. Loss of expression or interference with the function of desmosome molecules results in diseases of the heart and skin and contributes to cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that result in inherited and acquired disorders remain poorly understood. To address this question, researchers are directing their studies towards determining the functions that occur inside and outside of the junctions and the extent to which functions are adhesion-dependent or independent. This review focuses on recent discoveries that provide insights into the role of desmosomes and desmosome components in cell signaling and disease; wherever possible, we address molecular functions within and outside of the adhesive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Fiskus W, Sharma S, Saha S, Shah B, Devaraj SGT, Sun B, Horrigan S, Leveque C, Zu Y, Iyer S, Bhalla KN. Pre-clinical efficacy of combined therapy with novel β-catenin antagonist BC2059 and histone deacetylase inhibitor against AML cells. Leukemia 2014; 29:1267-78. [PMID: 25482131 PMCID: PMC4456205 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The canonical WNT-β-catenin pathway is essential for self-renewal, growth and survival of AML stem/blast progenitor cells (BPCs). Deregulated WNT signaling inhibits degradation of β-catenin, causing increased nuclear translocation and co-factor activity of β-catenin with the transcriptional regulator TCF4/LEF1 in AML BPCs. Here, we determined the pre-clinical anti-AML activity of the anthraquinone oxime-analog BC2059 (BC), known to attenuate β-catenin levels. BC treatment disrupted the binding of β-catenin with the scaffold protein TBL1 (transducin β-like 1) and proteasomal degradation and decline in the nuclear levels of β-catenin. This was associated with reduced transcriptional activity of TCF4 and expression of its target genes, cyclin D1, c-MYC and survivin. BC treatment dose-dependently induced apoptosis of cultured and primary AML BPCs. Treatment with BC also significantly improved the median survival of immune-depleted mice engrafted with either cultured or primary AML BPCs exhibiting nuclear expression of β-catenin. Co-treatment with the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat and BC synergistically induced apoptosis of cultured and primary AML BPCs, including those expressing FLT3-ITD, as well as further significantly improved the survival of immune-depleted mice engrafted with primary AML BPCs. These findings underscore the promising pre-clinical activity and warrant further testing of BC against human AML, especially those expressing FLT3-ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Fiskus
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Saha
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Shah
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S G T Devaraj
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Sun
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Horrigan
- Beta Cat Pharmaceutical, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - C Leveque
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Zu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Iyer
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K N Bhalla
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Zang S, Liu N, Wang H, Wald DN, Shao N, Zhang J, Ma D, Ji C, Tse W. Wnt signaling is involved in 6-benzylthioinosine-induced AML cell differentiation. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:886. [PMID: 25428027 PMCID: PMC4289047 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that 6-benzylthioinosine (6-BT) could induce the differentiation of a subset of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML cells regardless of their cytogenetics. In this study we investigated whether Wnt signaling pathways played roles in 6-BT-induced differentiation of AML cells. Methods We induced differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells and primary AML cells in vitro using 6-BT. Real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot, and luciferase assays were used to examine the molecules’ expression and biological activity in canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. AML cell differentiation was measured by the Nitroblue tetrozolium (NBT) reduction assay. Results 6-BT regulated the expression of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling molecules in HL-60 cells. Both 6-BT and all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) reduced canonical Wnt signaling and activated noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in HL-60 cells. Pre-treatment of HL-60 cells with an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which activated canonical Wnt signaling, partly abolished the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by 6-BT. Pre-treatment of HL-60 cells with an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), resulting in inactivation of non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling, abolished 6-BT-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Several molecules in the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway were detected in bone marrow samples from AML patients, and the expression of FZD4, FZD5, Wnt5a and RHOU were significantly reduced in newly diagnosed AML samples compared with normal controls. Conclusions Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling were involved in 6-BT-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, and played opposite roles in this process. Wnt signaling could be involved in the pathogenesis of AML not only by regulating self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, but also by playing a role in the differentiation of AML cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-886) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P,R, China.
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Morgan RG, Ridsdale J, Tonks A, Darley RL. Factors Affecting the Nuclear Localization of β-Catenin in Normal and Malignant Tissue. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1351-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys G. Morgan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Bristol; University Walk; Clifton Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| | - Jenna Ridsdale
- Department of Haematology; Institute of Cancer & Genetics; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; S Wales CF14 4XN UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology; Institute of Cancer & Genetics; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; S Wales CF14 4XN UK
| | - Richard L. Darley
- Department of Haematology; Institute of Cancer & Genetics; School of Medicine; Cardiff University; S Wales CF14 4XN UK
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Tiemessen MM, Staal FJT. Wnt signaling in leukemias and myeloma: T-cell factors are in control. Future Oncol 2014; 9:1757-72. [PMID: 24156335 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many malignancies, especially solid tumors. During the past decade it also became clear that in hematological malignancies abnormal regulation of the Wnt pathway can either be causative or enhance disease progression, which will be discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld M Tiemessen
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Mitsui Y, Yasumoto H, Hiraki M, Arichi N, Ishikawa N, Harada Y, Maruyama R, Shiina H. Coordination of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and aberrant canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling for heterotopic bone formation in adrenal myelolipoma: A case report. Can Urol Assoc J 2014; 8:E104-7. [PMID: 24554972 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanism of heterotopic ossification caused by several types of tumours is largely unknown. However, recent studies have indicated that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is closely linked to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in this rare phenomenon of bone formation. We report a rare case of adrenal myelolipoma (ML) in a 27-year-old woman with heterotopic bone formation. Immunohistochemical findings showed BMP2 expression in the cytoplasm of tumour cells, as well as the matrix adjacent to newly developed bone tissue. In addition, β-catenin was prominent in the cytoplasm and nuclei of BMP2-positive tumour cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of adrenal ML showing heterotopic ossification with accelerated expression of both BMP2 and β-catenin. Our case findings indicate that BMP2 overexpression via aberrant canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling may contribute to heterotopic bone formation occurring in adrenal ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasumoto
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Miho Hiraki
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Naoko Arichi
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Pathology (Organ Pathology Unit), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuji Harada
- Department of Pathology (Organ Pathology Unit), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Riruke Maruyama
- Department of Pathology (Organ Pathology Unit), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiina
- Department of Urology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Grumolato L, Liu G, Haremaki T, Mungamuri SK, Mong P, Akiri G, Lopez-Bergami P, Arita A, Anouar Y, Mlodzik M, Ronai ZA, Brody J, Weinstein DC, Aaronson SA. β-Catenin-independent activation of TCF1/LEF1 in human hematopoietic tumor cells through interaction with ATF2 transcription factors. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003603. [PMID: 23966864 PMCID: PMC3744423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Wnt signaling in embryonic development and stem cell maintenance is well established and aberrations leading to the constitutive up-regulation of this pathway are frequent in several types of human cancers. Upon ligand-mediated activation, Wnt receptors promote the stabilization of β-catenin, which translocates to the nucleus and binds to the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family of transcription factors to regulate the expression of Wnt target genes. When not bound to β-catenin, the TCF/LEF proteins are believed to act as transcriptional repressors. Using a specific lentiviral reporter, we identified hematopoietic tumor cells displaying constitutive TCF/LEF transcriptional activation in the absence of β-catenin stabilization. Suppression of TCF/LEF activity in these cells mediated by an inducible dominant-negative TCF4 (DN-TCF4) inhibited both cell growth and the expression of Wnt target genes. Further, expression of TCF1 and LEF1, but not TCF4, stimulated TCF/LEF reporter activity in certain human cell lines independently of β-catenin. By a complementary approach in vivo, TCF1 mutants, which lacked the ability to bind to β-catenin, induced Xenopus embryo axis duplication, a hallmark of Wnt activation, and the expression of the Wnt target gene Xnr3. Through generation of different TCF1-TCF4 fusion proteins, we identified three distinct TCF1 domains that participate in the β-catenin-independent activity of this transcription factor. TCF1 and LEF1 physically interacted and functionally synergized with members of the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) family of transcription factors. Moreover, knockdown of ATF2 expression in lymphoma cells phenocopied the inhibitory effects of DN-TCF4 on the expression of target genes associated with the Wnt pathway and on cell growth. Together, our findings indicate that, through interaction with ATF2 factors, TCF1/LEF1 promote the growth of hematopoietic malignancies in the absence of β-catenin stabilization, thus establishing a new mechanism for TCF1/LEF1 transcriptional activity distinct from that associated with canonical Wnt signaling. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role during embryonic development and in the maintenance of stem cell populations in various organs and tissues. Aberrant activation of this pathway through different mechanisms participates in the onset and progression of several types of human cancers. In the presence of Wnt ligands, stabilized β-catenin acts as a transcriptional activator to induce the expression of target genes through binding to the TCF/LEF family of transcription factors. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we show that TCF/LEF proteins can be activated independently of β-catenin through cooperation with members of the ATF2 subfamily of transcription factors. This novel alternative mechanism of TCF/LEF activation is constitutively up-regulated in certain hematopoietic tumor cells, where it regulates the expression of TCF/LEF target genes and promotes cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grumolato
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- INSERM U982, DC2N, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Guizhong Liu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tomomi Haremaki
- Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Sathish Kumar Mungamuri
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Phyllus Mong
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gal Akiri
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Arita
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, DC2N, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ze'ev A. Ronai
- Signal Transduction Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua Brody
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Weinstein
- Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart A. Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Multifaceted roles of GSK-3 and Wnt/β-catenin in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Leukemia 2013; 28:15-33. [PMID: 23778311 PMCID: PMC3887408 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is well documented to participate in a complex array of critical cellular processes. It was initially identified in rat skeletal muscle as a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. This versatile protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that influence metabolism, embryogenesis, differentiation, migration, cell cycle progression and survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been implicated in leukemia stem cell pathophysiology and may be an appropriate target for its eradication. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis as how this pivotal kinase can interact with multiple signaling pathways such as: Wnt/β-catenin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Notch and others. Moreover, we will discuss how targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways can improve leukemia therapy and may overcome therapeutic resistance. In summary, GSK-3 is a crucial regulatory kinase interacting with multiple pathways to control various physiological processes, as well as leukemia stem cells, leukemia progression and therapeutic resistance. GSK-3 and Wnt are clearly intriguing therapeutic targets.
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Chen YJ, Lee LY, Chao YK, Chang JT, Lu YC, Li HF, Chiu CC, Li YC, Li YL, Chiou JF, Cheng AJ. DSG3 facilitates cancer cell growth and invasion through the DSG3-plakoglobin-TCF/LEF-Myc/cyclin D1/MMP signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64088. [PMID: 23737966 PMCID: PMC3667790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) is a component of the desmosome, which confers strong cell-cell adhesion. Previously, an oncogenic function of DSG3 has been found in head neck cancer (HNC). Here, we investigated how this molecule contributes to the malignant phenotype. Because DSG3 is associated with plakoglobin, we examined whether these phenotypic alterations were mediated through the plakoglobin molecule. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining revealed that DSG3 silencing disrupted its interaction with plakoglobin and induced plakoglobin translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Knockdown of DSG3 significantly increased the interaction of plakoglobin with the transcriptional factor TCF and suppressed the TCF/LEF transcriptional activity. These effects further conferred to reduced expression of the TCF/LEF downstream target genes, including c-myc, cyclin D1, and MMP-7. Functional analyses showed that DSG3 silencing reduced cell growth and arrested cells at G0/G1 phase. Besides, cell migration and invasion abilities were also decreased. These cellular results were confirmed using tumor xenografts in mice, as DSG3 silencing led to the suppressed tumor growth, plakoglobin translocation and reduced expression of TCF/LEF target genes in tumors. Therefore, our study shows that the desmosomal protein DSG3 additionally functions to regulate malignant phenotypes via nuclear signaling. In conclusion, we found that DSG3 functions as an oncogene and facilitates cancer growth and invasion in HNC cells through the DSG3-plakoglobin-TCF/LEF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ka Chao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Joseph T. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Lu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fang Li
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Translational Research Laboratory, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ectopic γ-catenin expression partially mimics the effects of stabilized β-catenin on embryonic stem cell differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65320. [PMID: 23724138 PMCID: PMC3664634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin, an adherens junction component and key Wnt pathway effector, regulates numerous developmental processes and supports embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency in specific contexts. The β-catenin homologue γ-catenin (also known as Plakoglobin) is a constituent of desmosomes and adherens junctions and may participate in Wnt signaling in certain situations. Here, we use β-catenin(+/+) and β-catenin(−/−) mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to investigate the role of γ-catenin in Wnt signaling and mESC differentiation. Although γ-catenin protein is markedly stabilized upon inhibition or ablation of GSK-3 in wild-type (WT) mESCs, efficient silencing of its expression in these cells does not affect β-catenin/TCF target gene activation after Wnt pathway stimulation. Nonetheless, knocking down γ-catenin expression in WT mESCs appears to promote their exit from pluripotency in short-term differentiation assays. In β-catenin(−/−) mESCs, GSK-3 inhibition does not detectably alter cytosolic γ-catenin levels and does not activate TCF target genes. Intriguingly, β-catenin/TCF target genes are induced in β-catenin(−/−) mESCs overexpressing stabilized γ-catenin and the ability of these genes to be activated upon GSK-3 inhibition is partially restored when wild-type γ-catenin is overexpressed in these cells. This suggests that a critical threshold level of total catenin expression must be attained before there is sufficient signaling-competent γ-catenin available to respond to GSK-3 inhibition and to regulate target genes as a consequence. WT mESCs stably overexpressing γ-catenin exhibit robust Wnt pathway activation and display a block in tri-lineage differentiation that largely mimics that observed upon overexpression of β-catenin. However, β-catenin overexpression appears to be more effective than γ-catenin overexpression in sustaining the retention of markers of naïve pluripotency in cells that have been subjected to differentiation-inducing conditions. Collectively, our study reveals a function for γ-catenin in the regulation of mESC differentiation and has implications for human cancers in which γ-catenin is mutated and/or aberrantly expressed.
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Morgan RG, Liddiard K, Pearn L, Pumford SL, Burnett AK, Darley RL, Tonks A. γ-Catenin is expressed throughout normal human hematopoietic development and is required for normal PU.1-dependent monocyte differentiation. Leukemia 2013; 27:2096-100. [PMID: 23545990 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Morgan
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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