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Wang J, Zhang W, Xu X, Buglioni A, Li P, Chen X, Liu Y, Xu M, Herrick JL, Horna P, Zhang X, Song J, Jevremovic D, He R, Shi M, Yuan J. Clinicopathologic Features and Outcomes of Acute Leukemia Harboring PICALM::MLLT10 Fusion. Hum Pathol 2024:S0046-8177(24)00128-X. [PMID: 38971327 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The PICALM::MLLT10 fusion is a rare but recurrent cytogenetic abnormality in acute leukemia, with limited clinicopathologic and outcome data available. Herein, we analyzed 156 acute leukemia patients with PICALM::MLLT10 fusion, including 12 patients from our institutions and 144 patients from the literature. The PICALM::MLLT10 fusion preferentially manifested in pediatric and young adult patients, with a median age of 24 years. T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) constituted 65% of cases, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 27%, and acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) 8%. About half of T-ALL were classified as an early T-precursor (ETP)-ALL. In our institutions' cohort, mediastinum was the most common extramedullary site of involvement. Eight of 12 patients were diagnosed with T-ALL exhibiting a pro-/pre-T stage phenotype (CD4/CD8-double negative, CD7-positive), and frequent CD79a expression. NGS revealed pathogenic mutations in 5 of 6 tested cases, including NOTCH1, and genes in RAS and JAK-STAT pathways and epigenetic modifiers. Of 138 cases with follow-up, pediatric patients (<18 years) had 5-year overall survival (OS) of 71%, significantly better than adults at 33%. The 5-year OS for AML patients was 25%, notably shorter than T-ALL patients at 54%; this distinction was observed in both pediatric and adult populations. Furthermore, adult but not pediatric ETP-ALL patients demonstrated inferior survival compared to non-ETP-ALL patients. Neither karyotype complexity nor transplant status had a discernible impact on OS. In conclusion, PICALM::MLLT10 fusion is most commonly seen in T-ALL patients, particularly those with an ETP phenotype. AML and adult ETP-ALL patients had adverse prognosis. PICALM::MLTT10 fusion testing should be considered in T-ALL, AML, and ALAL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Xinjie Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Alessia Buglioni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Jennifer L Herrick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Pedro Horna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Jinming Song
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Dragan Jevremovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Rong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Ji Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
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2
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Ma J, Liu YC, Voss RK, Ma J, Palagani A, Caldwell E, Rosikiewicz W, Cardenas M, Foy S, Umeda M, Wilkinson MR, Inaba H, Klco JM, Rubnitz JE, Wang L. Genomic and global gene expression profiling in pediatric and young adult acute leukemia with PICALM::MLLT10 Fusion. Leukemia 2024; 38:981-990. [PMID: 38429501 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PICALM MLLT10 fusion is a rare but recurrent genetic driver in acute leukemias. To better understand the genomic landscape of PICALM::MLLT10 (PM) positive acute leukemia, we performed genomic profiling and gene expression profiling in twenty PM-positive patients, including AML (n = 10), T-ALL/LLy (n = 8), Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), T/B (n = 1) and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) (n = 1). Besides confirming the known activation of HOXA, differential gene expression analysis compared to hematopoietic stem cells demonstrated the enrichment of genes associated with cell proliferation-related pathways and relatively high expression of XPO1 in PM-AML and PM-T-ALL/LLy. Our study also suggested PHF6 disruption as a key cooperating event in PICALM::MLLT10-positive leukemias. In addition, we demonstrated differences in gene expression profiles as well as remarkably different spectra of co-occurring mutations between PM-AML and PM-T-ALL/LLy. Alterations affecting TP53 and NF1, hallmarks of PM-AML, are strongly associated with disease progression and relapse, whereas EZH2 alterations are highly enriched in PM-T-ALL/LLy. This comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling provides insights into the pathogenesis and development of PICALM::MLLT10 positive acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqun Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca K Voss
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ajay Palagani
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Caldwell
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maria Cardenas
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott Foy
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Masayuki Umeda
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark R Wilkinson
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffery M Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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3
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Abla O, Ries RE, Triche T, Gerbing RB, Hirsch B, Raimondi S, Cooper T, Farrar JE, Buteyn N, Harmon LM, Wen H, Deshpande AJ, Kolb EA, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Alonzo T, Meshinchi S. Structural variants involving MLLT10 fusion are associated with adverse outcomes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2005-2017. [PMID: 38306602 PMCID: PMC11024924 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT MLLT10 gene rearrangements with KMT2A occur in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and confer poor prognosis, but the prognostic impact of MLLT10 in partnership with other genes is unknown. We conducted a retrospective study with 2080 children and young adults with AML registered on the Children's Oncology Group AAML0531 (NCT00372593) and AAML1031 trials (NCT01371981). Transcriptome profiling and/or karyotyping were performed to identify leukemia-associated fusions associated with prognosis. Collectively, 127 patients (6.1%) were identified with MLLT10 fusions: 104 (81.9%) with KMT2A::MLLT10, 13 (10.2%) with PICALM::MLLT10, and 10 (7.9%) X::MLLT10: (2 each of DDX3X and TEC), with 6 partners (DDX3Y, CEP164, SCN2B, TREH, NAP1L1, and XPO1) observed in single patients. Patients with MLLT10 (n = 127) demonstrated adverse outcomes, with 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of 18.6% vs 49% in patients without MLLT10 (n = 1953, P < .001), inferior 5-year overall survival (OS) of 38.2% vs 65.7% (P ≤ .001), and a higher relapse risk of 76% vs 38.6% (P < .001). Patients with KMT2A::MLLT10 had an EFS from study entry of 19.5% vs 12.7% (P = .628), and an OS from study entry of 40.4% vs 27.6% (P = .361) in those with other MLLT10 fusion partners. Patients with PICALM::MLLT10 had an EFS of 9.2% vs 20% in other MLLT10- without PICALM (X::MLLT10; P = .788). Patients with PICALM::MLLT10 and X::MLLT10 fusions exhibit a DNA hypermethylation signature resembling NUP98::NSD1 fusions, whereas patients with KMT2A::MLLT10 bear aberrations primarily affecting distal regulatory elements. Regardless of the fusion partner, patients with AML harboring MLLT10 fusions exhibit very high-risk features and should be prioritized for alternative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Abla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rhonda E. Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Tim Triche
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | - Betsy Hirsch
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Susana Raimondi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Todd Cooper
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jason E. Farrar
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Section, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR
| | | | | | - Hong Wen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | - E. Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders and Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Alan S. Gamis
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Todd Alonzo
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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4
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Mark C, Meshinchi S, Joyce B, Gibson B, Harrison C, Bergmann AK, Goemans BF, Pronk CJH, Lapillonne H, Leverger G, Antoniou E, Schneider M, Attarbaschi A, Dworzak M, Stary J, Tomizawa D, Ebert S, Lejman M, Kolb EA, Schmiegelow K, Hasle H, Abla O. Treatment outcomes of childhood PICALM::MLLT10 acute leukaemias. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:576-584. [PMID: 37743097 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic impact of PICALM::MLLT10 status in childhood leukaemia is not well described. Ten International Berlin Frankfurt Münster-affiliated study groups and the Children's Oncology Group collaborated in this multicentre retrospective study. The presence of the PICALM::MLLT10 fusion gene was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or RNA sequencing at participating sites. Ninety-eight children met the study criteria. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) predominated 55 (56%) and 39 (40%) patients, respectively. Most patients received a chemotherapy regimen per their disease phenotype: 58% received an ALL regimen, 40% an AML regimen and 1% a hybrid regimen. Outcomes for children with PICALM::MLLT10 ALL were reasonable: 5-year event-free survival (EFS) 67% and 5-year overall survival (OS) 76%, but children with PICALM::MLLT10 AML had poor outcomes: 5-year EFS 22% and 5-year OS 26%. Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) did not result in a significant improvement in outcomes for PICALM::MLLT10 AML: 5-year EFS 20% for those who received HSCT versus 23% for those who did not (p = 0.6) and 5-year OS 37% versus 36% (p = 0.7). In summary, this study confirms that PICALM::MLLT10 AML is associated with a dismal prognosis and patients cannot be salvaged with HSCT; exploration of novel therapeutic options is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brooklyn Joyce
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Gibson
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Bianca F Goemans
- Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Guy Leverger
- Hôpital d'enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Dworzak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Centre, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabine Ebert
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Henrik Hasle
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Chen X, Wang W, Yeh J, Wu Y, Oehler VG, Naresh KN, Liu YJ. Clinical Validation of FusionPlex RNA Sequencing and Its Utility in the Diagnosis and Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms. J Mol Diagn 2023; 25:932-944. [PMID: 37813298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gene rearrangements result in gene fusions that encode chimeric proteins, driving the pathogenesis of many hematologic neoplasms. The fifth edition World Health Organization classification and International Consensus Classification 2022 include an expanding list of entities defined by such gene rearrangements. Therefore, sensitive and rapid methods are needed to identify a broad range of gene fusions for precise diagnosis and prognostication. In this study, we validated the FusionPlex Pan-Heme panel analysis using anchored multiplex PCR/targeted RNA next-generation sequencing for routine clinical testing. Furthermore, we assessed its utility in detecting gene fusions in myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. The validation cohort of 61 cases demonstrated good concordance between the FusionPlex Pan-Heme panel and other methods, including chromosome analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing, with an analytic sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 100%, respectively. In an independent cohort of 28 patients indicated for FusionPlex testing, gene fusions were detected in 21 patients. The FusionPlex Pan-Heme panel analysis reliably detected fusion partners and patient-specific fusion sequences, allowing accurate classification of hematologic neoplasms and the discovery of new fusion partners, contributing to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey Yeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kikkeri N Naresh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yajuan J Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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De Bie J, Quessada J, Tueur G, Lefebvre C, Luquet I, Toujani S, Cuccuini W, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Michaux L. Cytogenetics in the management of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): Guidelines from the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH). Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103431. [PMID: 38016418 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular analysis is the hallmark of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) categorization. Several T-ALL sub-groups are well recognized based on the aberrant expression of specific transcription factors. This recently resulted in the implementation of eight provisional T-ALL entities into the novel 2022 International Consensus Classification, albeit not into the updated World Health Organization classification system. Despite this extensive molecular characterization, cytogenetic analysis remains the backbone of T-ALL diagnosis in many countries as chromosome banding analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization are relatively inexpensive techniques to obtain results of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic interest. Here, we provide an overview of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities detectable in T-ALL patients and propose guidelines regarding their detection. By referring in parallel to the more general molecular classification approach, we hope to offer a diagnostic framework useful in a broad clinical genetic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Bie
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Julie Quessada
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Département d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France; CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Giulia Tueur
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Christine Lefebvre
- Unité de Génétique des Hémopathies, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Toulouse (IUCT-O), Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Saloua Toujani
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU de Rennes, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Wendy Cuccuini
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Unité de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris 75010, France
| | - Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Département d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Lucienne Michaux
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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7
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Hu DY, Shen K, Guo YS, Chen SN. [Acute myeloid leukemia with positive PICAML-MLLT10 fusion gene: report of 4 cases and literature review]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:687-689. [PMID: 37803846 PMCID: PMC10520228 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Y Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - K Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Y S Guo
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - S N Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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8
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Smith E, Krishnan C. An unusual presentation of a pediatric patient with mixed phenotypic acute leukemia with PICALM::MLLT10 gene rearrangement. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 40:778-785. [PMID: 37171905 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2197938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mixed phenotype leukemia (MPAL) is a rare type of acute leukemia with blasts that co-express antigens of more than one lineage on the same cell or that have separate populations of blasts of different lineages. Here, we report a five-year-old male with inguinal lymphadenopathy diagnosed with MPAL-T/Myeloid MPAL-T/M. The clone demonstrated lineage and immunophenotypically distinct blast populations in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Bone marrow cytogenetic studies confirmed a rare PICALM::MLLT10 gene fusion. Patients with this fusion gene have been found to have high risk features and poor survival rates in several small case series. Our case report highlights an unusual presentation in medullary and extramedullary sites, within a pediatric patient. At the time of submission of this case report, the patient has shown good response to chemotherapy and continues to be in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlyn Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Studer Family Children's Hospital at Ascension Sacred Heart, University of Florida, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Chandra Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
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9
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Mironova D, de Kraa R, Shipman P, de Wet R, Kotecha RS. Successful treatment of a child with acute monoblastic leukaemia who relapsed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A rare lineage switch. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:2312-2315. [PMID: 35979915 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denitza Mironova
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca de Kraa
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Shipman
- Department of Radiology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosslyn de Wet
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Steimlé T, Dourthe ME, Alcantara M, Touzart A, Simonin M, Mondesir J, Lhermitte L, Bond J, Graux C, Grardel N, Cayuela JM, Arnoux I, Gandemer V, Balsat M, Vey N, Macintyre E, Ifrah N, Dombret H, Petit A, Baruchel A, Ruminy P, Boissel N, Asnafi V. Clinico-biological features of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fusion proteins. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35082269 PMCID: PMC8791998 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) represent 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL. Since they have a particularly poor outcome in relapsed/refractory cases, identifying prognosis factors at diagnosis is crucial to adapting treatment for high-risk patients. Unlike acute myeloid leukemia and BCP ALL, chromosomal rearrangements leading to chimeric fusion-proteins with strong prognosis impact are sparsely reported in T-ALL. To address this issue an RT-MPLA assay was applied to a consecutive series of 522 adult and pediatric T-ALLs and identified a fusion transcript in 20% of cases. PICALM-MLLT10 (4%, n = 23), NUP214-ABL1 (3%, n = 19) and SET-NUP214 (3%, n = 18) were the most frequent. The clinico-biological characteristics linked to fusion transcripts in a subset of 235 patients (138 adults in the GRAALL2003/05 trials and 97 children from the FRALLE2000 trial) were analyzed to identify their prognosis impact. Patients with HOXA trans-deregulated T-ALLs with MLLT10, KMT2A and SET fusion transcripts (17%, 39/235) had a worse prognosis with a 5-year EFS of 35.7% vs 63.7% (HR = 1.63; p = 0.04) and a trend for a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (5-year CIR = 45.7% vs 25.2%, HR = 1.6; p = 0.11). Fusion transcripts status in T-ALL can be robustly identified by RT-MLPA, facilitating risk adapted treatment strategies for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steimlé
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Emilie Dourthe
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Alcantara
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Touzart
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Simonin
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GH HUEP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, GRC n°07, GRC MyPAC, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Mondesir
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Bond
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Graux
- Department of Hematology, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur - site Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Grardel
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHRU Lille, Lille, France and U1172, INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Cayuela
- Laboratory of Hematology and EA 3518 University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnoux
- Hematology Laboratory, Marseille University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Gandemer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Balsat
- Service d'hématologie clinique, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Marseille, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- PRES LUNAM, CHU Angers service des Maladies du Sang et CRCINA INSERM, Angers, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, EA-3518, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Petit
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GH HUEP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, GRC n°07, GRC MyPAC, Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, EA-3518, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ruminy
- Inserm U1245, Centre Henri Becquerel, Université de Rouen, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Boissel
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, EA-3518, Paris, France
- Inserm U1245, Centre Henri Becquerel, Université de Rouen, IRIB, Rouen, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Unité d'Hématologie Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.
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11
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Xu H, Yu H, Jin R, Wu X, Chen H. Genetic and Epigenetic Targeting Therapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123349. [PMID: 34943855 PMCID: PMC8699354 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignancy in children and is characterized by numerous genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylations and histone modifications, result in the heritable silencing of genes without a change in their coding sequence. Emerging studies are increasing our understanding of the epigenetic role of leukemogenesis and have demonstrated the potential of DNA methylations and histone modifications as a biomarker for lineage and subtypes classification, predicting relapse, and disease progression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenetic abnormalities are relatively reversible when treated with some small molecule-based agents compared to genetic alterations. In this review, we conclude the genetic and epigenetic characteristics in ALL and discuss the future role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in predicting relapse, finally focus on the individual and precision therapy targeting epigenetic alterations.
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12
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Afkhami M, Ally F, Pullarkat V, Pillai RK. Genetics and Diagnostic Approach to Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2021; 181:17-43. [PMID: 34626353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78311-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetics and biology of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL) has advanced rapidly in the past decade with advances in sequencing and other molecular techniques. Besides recurrent chromosomal abnormalities detected by karyotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization, these leukemias/lymphomas are characterized by a variety of mutations, gene rearrangements as well as copy number alterations. This is particularly true in the case of Philadelphia-like (Ph-like) ALL, a major subset which has the same gene expression signature as Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL but lacks BCR-ABL1 translocation. Ph-like ALL is associated with a worse prognosis and hence its detection is critical. However, techniques to detect this entity are complex and are not widely available. This chapter discusses various subsets of ALL and describes our approach to the accurate classification and prognostication of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Afkhami
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Feras Ally
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Raju K Pillai
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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13
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A JAK/STAT-mediated inflammatory signaling cascade drives oncogenesis in AF10-rearranged AML. Blood 2021; 137:3403-3415. [PMID: 33690798 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias bearing fusions of the AF10/MLLT10 gene are associated with poor prognosis, and therapies targeting these fusion proteins (FPs) are lacking. To understand mechanisms underlying AF10 fusion-mediated leukemogenesis, we generated inducible mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) driven by the most common AF10 FPs, PICALM/CALM-AF10 and KMT2A/MLL-AF10, and performed comprehensive characterization of the disease using transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and functional genomic approaches. Our studies provide a detailed map of gene networks and protein interactors associated with key AF10 fusions involved in leukemia. Specifically, we report that AF10 fusions activate a cascade of JAK/STAT-mediated inflammatory signaling through direct recruitment of JAK1 kinase. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling by genetic Jak1 deletion or through pharmacological JAK/STAT inhibition elicited potent antioncogenic effects in mouse and human models of AF10 fusion AML. Collectively, our study identifies JAK1 as a tractable therapeutic target in AF10-rearranged leukemias.
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14
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Mroczek A, Zawitkowska J, Kowalczyk J, Lejman M. Comprehensive Overview of Gene Rearrangements in Childhood T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E808. [PMID: 33467425 PMCID: PMC7829804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a relevant form of childhood neoplasm, as it accounts for over 80% of all leukaemia cases. T-cell ALL constitutes a genetically heterogeneous cancer derived from T-lymphoid progenitors. The diagnosis of T-ALL is based on morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features, thus the results are used for patient stratification. Due to the expression of surface and intracellular antigens, several subtypes of T-ALL can be distinguished. Although the aetiology of T-ALL remains unclear, a wide spectrum of rearrangements and mutations affecting crucial signalling pathways has been described so far. Due to intensive chemotherapy regimens and supportive care, overall cure rates of more than 80% in paediatric T-ALL patients have been accomplished. However, improved knowledge of the mechanisms of relapse, drug resistance, and determination of risk factors are crucial for patients in the high-risk group. Even though some residual disease studies have allowed the optimization of therapy, the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers is required to individualize therapy. The following review summarizes our current knowledge about genetic abnormalities in paediatric patients with T-ALL. As molecular biology techniques provide insights into the biology of cancer, our study focuses on new potential therapeutic targets and predictive factors which may improve the outcome of young patients with T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mroczek
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jerzy Kowalczyk
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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15
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Forgione MO, McClure BJ, Yeung DT, Eadie LN, White DL. MLLT10 rearranged acute leukemia: Incidence, prognosis, and possible therapeutic strategies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:709-721. [PMID: 32720323 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements of the MLLT10 gene occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), most commonly T-lineage ALL (T-ALL), in patients of all ages. MLLT10 rearranged (MLLT10r) acute leukemia presents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to frequent presentation of immature or mixed phenotype, and a lack of consensus regarding optimal therapy. Cases of MLLT10r AML or T-ALL bearing immature phenotype are at high risk of poor outcome, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and sensitivity to targeted therapies remain poorly characterized. This review addresses the incidence and prognostic significance of MLLT10r in acute leukemia, and how the aberrant gene expression profile of this disease can inform potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Understanding the underlying genomics of MLLT10r acute leukemia, both clinically and molecularly, will improve prognostic stratification and accelerate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O Forgione
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara J McClure
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David T Yeung
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Laura N Eadie
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah L White
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance (AGHA), The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children's Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Hudson Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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16
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PHF6 and DNMT3A mutations are enriched in distinct subgroups of mixed phenotype acute leukemia with T-lineage differentiation. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3526-3539. [PMID: 30530780 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic aberrations that drive mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) remain largely unknown, with the exception of a small subset of MPALs harboring BCR -ABL1 and MLL translocations. We performed clinicopathologic and genetic evaluation of 52 presumptive MPAL cases at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Only 29 out of 52 (56%) cases were confirmed to be bona fide MPAL according to the 2016 World Heath Organization classification. We identified PHF6 and DNMT3A mutations as the most common recurrent mutations in MPAL, each occurring in 6 out of 26 (23%) cases. These mutations are mutually exclusive of each other and BCR-ABL1/MLL translocations. PHF6- and DNMT3A-mutated MPAL showed marked predilection for T-lineage differentiation (5/6 PHF6 mutated, 6/6 DNMT3A mutated). PHF6-mutated MPAL occurred in a younger patient cohort compared with DNMT3A-mutated cases (median age, 27 years vs 61 years, P < .01). All 3 MPAL cases with both T- and B-lineage differentiation harbored PHF6 mutations. MPAL with T-lineage differentiation was associated with nodal or extramedullary involvement (9/15 [60%] vs 0, P = .001) and a higher relapse incidence (78% vs 22%, P = .017) compared with those without T-lineage differentiation. Sequencing studies on flow-cytometry-sorted populations demonstrated that PHF6 mutations are present in all blast compartments regardless of lineage differentiation with high variant allele frequency, implicating PHF6 as an early mutation in MPAL pathogenesis. In conclusion, PHF6 and DNMT3A mutations are the most common somatic alterations identified in MPAL and appear to define 2 distinct subgroups of MPAL with T-lineage differentiation with inferior outcomes.
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17
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Heikamp EB, Pui CH. Next-Generation Evaluation and Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr 2018; 203:14-24.e2. [PMID: 30213460 PMCID: PMC6261438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Heikamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
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18
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Kang H, Sharma ND, Nickl CK, Devidas M, Loh ML, Hunger SP, Dunsmore KP, Winter SS, Matlawska-Wasowska K. Dysregulated transcriptional networks in KMT2A- and MLLT10-rearranged T-ALL. Biomark Res 2018; 6:27. [PMID: 30159143 PMCID: PMC6107954 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For children and young adults with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), event free survival following relapse is < 10%. We recently showed that rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia gene (KMT2A-R) are associated with induction failure and an inferior survival in T-ALL. Because there are currently no molecular features that inform treatment strategies in T-ALL, we hypothesized that transcriptional alterations related to KMT2A-R and MLLT10-R T-ALL could identify biologically relevant genes and signaling pathways for the development of targeted therapies for these groups of patients. We analyzed microarray data from a retrospective cohort of 100 T-ALL patients to identify novel targets for KMT2A (n = 12) or MLLT10 (n = 9) chimeras. We identified 330 probe sets that could discriminate between these groups, including novel targets, like RUNX2, TCF4 or MYO6. The results were further validated in two independent data sets and the functional networks were analyzed to identify pathways that may be of pathogenic or therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Kang
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Nitesh D Sharma
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, MSC105590, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Christian K Nickl
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, MSC105590, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- 3Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- 4Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- 5Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kimberly P Dunsmore
- 6Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Stuart S Winter
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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19
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Paganin M, Grillo MF, Silvestri D, Scapinello G, Buldini B, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A, Valsecchi MG, Conter V, te Kronnie G, Basso G. The presence of mutated and deleted PTEN is associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with AIEOP-BFM ALL protocols. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:705-711. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Paganin
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica; Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Grillo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Paediatric Hematology and Oncology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Daniela Silvestri
- Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology; School of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
- Clinica Pediatrica; Fondazione MBBM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Paediatric Hematology and Oncology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Paediatric Hematology and Oncology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Giovanni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti; Department of Paediatrics; University of Milano Bicocca; Fondazione MBBM; Monza Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica; Fondazione MBBM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology; School of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Valentino Conter
- Clinica Pediatrica; Fondazione MBBM; University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Geertruij te Kronnie
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Paediatric Hematology and Oncology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Paediatric Hematology and Oncology; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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20
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Successful Treatment of a Very Late Isolated Relapse in an Adolescent With a PICALM-MLLT10 Positive T-lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:e191-e194. [PMID: 29189509 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
T-lineage ALL is an aggressive disease that needs to be treated with intensive treatment schedules. A late relapse rarely occurs and a clear choice for second-line treatment is on debate. We report on a young adult with a very late isolated extramedullary relapse of PICALM-MLLT10 positive T-ALL, successfully treated with a chemotherapy-based and radiotherapy-based pediatric protocol. We demonstrate that relapse can occur in T-ALL although a SR-MRD behavior treated with a high-risk protocol; specific molecular diagnostic aberrations, as PICALM-MLLT10, are still conserved at very late relapse; a second-line treatment based on pediatric protocol can be effective.
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21
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Safaei S, Baradaran B, Hagh MF, Alivand MR, Talebi M, Gharibi T, Solali S. Double sword role of EZH2 in leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:626-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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22
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Meijerink JP, Canté-Barrett K, Vroegindeweij E, Pieters R. HOXA-activated early T-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: predictor of poor outcome? Haematologica 2018; 101:654-6. [PMID: 27252509 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.145391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Pp Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Vroegindeweij
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- The Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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23
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KMT2E-ASNS: a novel relapse-specific fusion gene in early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:1729-1732. [PMID: 28069604 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-744219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Tasian SK, Hunger SP. Genomic characterization of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an opportunity for precision medicine therapeutics. Br J Haematol 2016; 176:867-882. [PMID: 27984637 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in genetic and epigenetic profiling of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have enhanced the understanding of key biological subsets of de novo and relapsed ALL, which has led to improved risk stratification of patients. These achievements have further defined critical leukaemia-associated pathways and somatic alterations that may be preferentially sensitive to treatment with kinase inhibitors, epigenetic therapy or other novel agents. Therapeutic success in childhood ALL currently relies upon refined risk stratification of patients based on (i) underlying biological and clinical characteristics, and (ii) depth of initial treatment response with appropriate modulation of chemotherapy intensity. This review describes the current mutational landscape of childhood ALL and discusses opportunities for substantial improvements in survival with implementation of molecularly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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MLL rearrangements impact outcome in HOXA-deregulated T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group Study. Leukemia 2016; 30:1909-12. [PMID: 26952838 PMCID: PMC5014577 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Tasian SK, Loh ML, Hunger SP. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Integrating genomics into therapy. Cancer 2015; 121:3577-90. [PMID: 26194091 PMCID: PMC4592406 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy of childhood, is a genetically complex entity that remains a major cause of childhood cancer-related mortality. Major advances in genomic and epigenomic profiling during the past decade have appreciably enhanced knowledge of the biology of de novo and relapsed ALL and have facilitated more precise risk stratification of patients. These achievements have also provided critical insights regarding potentially targetable lesions for the development of new therapeutic approaches in the era of precision medicine. In this review, the authors delineate the current genetic landscape of childhood ALL, emphasizing patient outcomes with contemporary treatment regimens as well as therapeutic implications of newly identified genomic alterations in specific subsets of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center; Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mignon L Loh
- University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital; San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA
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Activity of the pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor NVP-BKM120 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:1196-206. [PMID: 24310736 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is a common feature of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where it upregulates cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance. These observations lend compelling weight to the application of PI3K inhibitors in the therapy of T-ALL. Here, we have analyzed the therapeutic potential of the pan-PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 (BKM120), an orally bioavailable 2,6-dimorpholino pyrimidine derivative, which has entered clinical trials for solid tumors, on both T-ALL cell lines and patient samples. BKM120 treatment resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, being cytotoxic to a panel of T-ALL cell lines and patient T lymphoblasts, and promoting a dose- and time-dependent dephosphorylation of Akt and S6RP. BKM120 maintained its pro-apoptotic activity against Jurkat cells even when cocultured with MS-5 stromal cells, which mimic the bone marrow microenvironment. Remarkably, BKM120 synergized with chemotherapeutic agents currently used for treating T-ALL patients. Moreover, in vivo administration of BKM120 to a subcutaneous xenotransplant model of human T-ALL significantly delayed tumor growth, thus prolonging survival time. Taken together, our findings indicate that BKM120, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, may be an efficient treatment for T-ALLs that have aberrant upregulation of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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