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Bende RJ, Donner N, Wormhoudt TA, Beentjes A, Scantlebery A, Grobben M, Tejjani K, Chandler F, Sikkema RS, Langerak AW, Guikema JE, van Noesel CJ. Distinct groups of autoantigens as drivers of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma pathogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402841. [PMID: 38977312 PMCID: PMC11231493 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic B-cell receptor signals incited by cognate antigens are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. We have explored the immunoglobulin variable regions (IGHV) expressed by 124 ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas (OAML) and tested the in vitro reactivity of recombinant IgM derived from 23 OAMLs. Six of 124 OAMLs (5%) were found to express a high-affinity stereotyped rheumatoid factor. OAMLs have a biased IGHV4-34 usage, which confers intrinsic super auto-antigen reactivity with poly-N-acetyllactosamine (NAL) epitopes, present on cell surface glycoproteins of erythrocytes and B cells. Twenty-one OAMLs (17%) expressed IGHV4-34-encoded B-cell receptors. Five of the 23 recombinant OAML IgMs expressed IGHV4-34, four of which bound to the linear NAL i epitope expressed on B cells but not to the branched NAL I epitope on erythrocytes. One non-IGHV4-34-encoded OAML IgM was also reactive with B cells. Interestingly, three of the 23 OAML IgMs (13%) specifically reacted with proteins of U1-/U-snRNP complexes, which have been implicated as cognate-antigens in various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. The findings indicate that local autoimmune reactions are instrumental in the pathogenesis of a substantial fraction of OAMLs.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/metabolism
- Eye Neoplasms/immunology
- Eye Neoplasms/genetics
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Aged
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Aged, 80 and over
- Epitopes/immunology
- Adult
- Rheumatoid Factor/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bende
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Naomi Donner
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thera Am Wormhoudt
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Beentjes
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angelique Scantlebery
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felicity Chandler
- https://ror.org/018906e22 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina S Sikkema
- https://ror.org/018906e22 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- https://ror.org/018906e22 Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Ej Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carel Jm van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Ng A, Chiorazzi N. Potential Relevance of B-cell Maturation Pathways in Defining the Cell(s) of Origin for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2021; 35:665-685. [PMID: 34174979 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common, incurable disease of undefined cause. Notably, the normal cell equivalents of CLL cells remain elusive, and it is possible that the disease emanates from several normal B-cell subsets. This article reviews the literature relating to this issue, focusing on recent findings, in particular made through epigenetic analyses that strongly support the disease developing from a normal Ag-experienced and memory cell-like B lymphocyte. It also reports the known pathways whereby normal B lymphocytes mature after antigenic challenge and proposes that this information is relevant in defining the cells of origin of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ng
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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3
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A Major Subset of Mutated CLL Expresses Affinity-selected and Functionally Proficient Rheumatoid Factors. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e550. [PMID: 33778415 PMCID: PMC7990012 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Darwiche W, Gubler B, Marolleau JP, Ghamlouch H. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-Cell Normal Cellular Counterpart: Clues From a Functional Perspective. Front Immunol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29670635 PMCID: PMC5893869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of small mature-looking CD19+ CD23+ CD5+ B-cells that accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs. To date, no consensus has been reached concerning the normal cellular counterpart of CLL B-cells and several B-cell types have been proposed. CLL B-cells have remarkable phenotypic and gene expression profile homogeneity. In recent years, the molecular and cellular biology of CLL has been enriched by seminal insights that are leading to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease. Immunophenotypic and molecular approaches (including immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene mutational status, transcriptional and epigenetic profiling) comparing the normal B-cell subset and CLL B-cells provide some new insights into the normal cellular counterpart. Functional characteristics (including activation requirements and propensity for plasma cell differentiation) of CLL B-cells have now been investigated for 50 years. B-cell subsets differ substantially in terms of their functional features. Analysis of shared functional characteristics may reveal similarities between normal B-cell subsets and CLL B-cells, allowing speculative assignment of a normal cellular counterpart for CLL B-cells. In this review, we summarize current data regarding peripheral B-cell differentiation and human B-cell subsets and suggest possibilities for a normal cellular counterpart based on the functional characteristics of CLL B-cells. However, a definitive normal cellular counterpart cannot be attributed on the basis of the available data. We discuss the functional characteristics required for a cell to be logically considered to be the normal counterpart of CLL B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Darwiche
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Laboratoire d'Oncobiologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- EA 4666 Lymphocyte Normal - Pathologique et Cancers, HEMATIM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Hussein Ghamlouch
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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5
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Recent advances in the selection and identification of antigen-specific nanobodies. Mol Immunol 2018; 96:37-47. [PMID: 29477934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies represent the next-generation antibody-derived biologics with significant advances over conventional antibodies. Several rapid and robust techniques for isolating highly specific nanobodies have been developed. Antigen specific nanobodies are selected from constructed nanobody libraries, which can be classified into 3 main types: immune library, naïve library, and semisynthetic/synthetic library. The immune library is the most widely used strategy for nanobody screening. Target specific nanobodies are highly enriched in immune libraries than in non-immune libraries; however, it is largely limited by the natural antigenicity of antigens. The naïve library is thus developed. Despite the lack of somatic maturation, protein engineering can be employed to significantly increase the affinities of selected binders. However, a substantial amount of blood samples collected from a large number of individual animals is a prerequisite to ensure the diversity of the naïve library. With this issue considered, the semisynthetic/synthetic library may be a promising path toward obtaining a limitless source of nanobodies against a variety of antigens without the need of animals. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art screening technologies with different libraries. The approaches presented here can further boost the diverse applications of nanobodies in biomedicine and biotechnology.
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6
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Fonte E, Vilia MG, Reverberi D, Sana I, Scarfò L, Ranghetti P, Orfanelli U, Cenci S, Cutrona G, Ghia P, Muzio M. Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation can induce IκBζ expression and IgM secretion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Haematologica 2017; 102:1901-1912. [PMID: 28775123 PMCID: PMC5664394 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.165878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells strongly depend on external stimuli for their survival. Both antigen receptor and co-stimulatory receptors, including Toll-like receptors, can modulate viability and proliferation of leukemic cells. Toll-like receptor ligands, and particularly the TLR9 ligand CpG, mediate heterogeneous responses in patients' samples reflecting the clinical course of the subjects. However, the molecular framework of the key signaling events underlying such heterogeneity is undefined. We focused our studies on a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases characterized by expression of CD38 and unmutated immunoglobulin genes, who respond to CpG with enhanced metabolic cell activity. We report that, while CpG induces NFKBIZ mRNA in all the samples analyzed, it induces the IκBζ protein in a selected group of cases, through an unanticipated post-transcriptional mechanism. Interestingly, IκBζ plays a causal role in sustaining CpG-induced cell viability and chemoresistance, and CpG stimulation can unleash immunoglobulin secretion by IκBζ-positive malignant cells. These results identify and characterize IκBζ as a marker and effector molecule of distinct key pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Fonte
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Vilia
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ilenia Sana
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit and Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela Ranghetti
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit and Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Age Related Diseases Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Age Related Diseases Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- UOC Patologia Molecolare, IRCCS AOU S. Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit and Strategic Research Program on CLL, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Muzio
- Cell Signaling Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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7
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Comor L, Dolinska S, Bhide K, Pulzova L, Jiménez-Munguía I, Bencurova E, Flachbartova Z, Potocnakova L, Kanova E, Bhide M. Joining the in vitro immunization of alpaca lymphocytes and phage display: rapid and cost effective pipeline for sdAb synthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:13. [PMID: 28114943 PMCID: PMC5259998 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Camelids possess unique functional heavy chain antibodies, which can be produced and modified in vitro as a single domain antibody (sdAb or nanobody) with full antigen binding ability. Production of sdAb in conventional manner requires active immunization of Camelidae animal, which is laborious, time consuming, costly and in many cases not feasible (e.g. in case of highly toxic or infectious antigens). Results In this study, we describe an alternative pipeline that includes in vitro stimulation of naïve alpaca B-lymphocytes by antigen of interest (in this case endothelial cell binding domain of OspA of Borrelia) in the presence of recombinant alpaca interleukins 2 and 4, construction of sdAb phage library, selection of antigen specific sdAb expressed on phages (biopanning) and confirmation of binding ability of sdAb to the antigen. By joining the in vitro immunization and the phage display ten unique phage clones carrying sdAb were selected. Out of ten, seven sdAb showed strong antigen binding ability in phage ELISA. Furthermore, two soluble forms of sdAb were produced and their differential antigen binding affinity was measured with bio-layer interferometry. Conclusion A proposed pipeline has potential to reduce the cost substantially required for maintenance of camelid herd for active immunization. Furthermore, in vitro immunization can be achieved within a week to enrich mRNA copies encoding antigen-specific sdAbs in B cell. This rapid and cost effective pipeline can help researchers to develop efficiently sdAb for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Comor
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Saskia Dolinska
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pulzova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Elena Bencurova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Flachbartova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Potocnakova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Evelina Kanova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 73, 04181, Kosice, Slovakia. .,Institute of Neuroimunnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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8
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Toll-like receptors signaling: A complex network for NF-κB activation in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Ghamlouch H, Darwiche W, Hodroge A, Ouled-Haddou H, Dupont S, Singh AR, Guignant C, Trudel S, Royer B, Gubler B, Marolleau JP. Factors involved in CLL pathogenesis and cell survival are disrupted by differentiation of CLL B-cells into antibody-secreting cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18484-503. [PMID: 26050196 PMCID: PMC4621905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells display a strong tendency to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and thus may be amenable to differentiation therapy. However, the effect of this differentiation on factors associated with CLL pathogenesis has not been reported. In the present study, purified CLL B-cells were stimulated to differentiate into ASCs by phorbol myristate acetate or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, in combination with CD40 ligand and cytokines in a two-step, seven-day culture system. We investigated (i) changes in the immunophenotypic, molecular, functional, morphological features associated with terminal differentiation into ASCs, (ii) the expression of factors involved in CLL pathogenesis, and (iii) the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the differentiated cells. Our results show that differentiated CLL B-cells are able to display the transcriptional program of ASCs. Differentiation leads to depletion of the malignant program and deregulation of the apoptosis/survival balance. Analysis of apoptosis and the cell cycle showed that differentiation is associated with low cell viability and a low rate of cell cycle entry. Our findings shed new light on the potential for differentiation therapy as a part of treatment strategies for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghamlouch
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Immunology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Walaa Darwiche
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 Unité mixte INERIS, Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Hodroge
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Sébastien Dupont
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | | | - Caroline Guignant
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Immunology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphanie Trudel
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Molecular Oncobiology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Bruno Royer
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Immunology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.,Department of Molecular Oncobiology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Marolleau
- EA4666, LNPC, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology and Cell Therapy, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
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