1
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Sun H, Zhu Y, Li J, Zhao L, Yang G, Yan Z, Zhang S. PICALM::MLLT10 may indicate a new subgroup of acute leukemias with miscellaneous immunophenotype and poor initial treatment response but showing sensitivity to venetoclax. EJHAEM 2024; 5:565-572. [PMID: 38895061 PMCID: PMC11182389 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The PICALM::MLLT10 fusion gene is a rare but recurrent event in acute leukemia (AL) associated with poor prognosis. It is still confused whether PICALM::MLLT10 can solely correspond to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL). Here, we reported a series of PICALM::MLLT10 positive AL patients with miscellaneous immunophenotype including T-ALL, ALAL, AML, and B-ALL, complex karyotype, half of extramedullary disease (EMD), frequently concomitant PHF6 mutation, and poor initial treatment response to standard chemotherapy aiming to different immunophenotype, but showing sensitivity to combining chemotherapy especially integrated with venetoclax, suggesting this fusion gene may indicate a new subgroup of AL. Eighteen PICALM::MLLT10 positive patients of 533 AL patients (18/533, 3.4%) were identified by RNA sequencing in our center. We found PICALM::MLLT10 positive AL showing miscellaneous immunophenotype, higher expression of leukemic stemness genes and lower expression of biomarkers of venetoclax resistance, more extramedullary involvement, and especially poor response to conventional induction chemotherapy, but may benefit from venetoclax as well as low-dose Ara-C, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and anthracyclines combination chemotherapy. Sequential hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after chemotherapy combined with venetoclax may further improve long-term survival in AL patients with complete remission (CR) even measurable residual disease (MRD) positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Sun
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yongmei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zeying Yan
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Sujiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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2
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Yuan O, Ugale A, de Marchi T, Anthonydhason V, Konturek-Ciesla A, Wan H, Eldeeb M, Drabe C, Jassinskaja M, Hansson J, Hidalgo I, Velasco-Hernandez T, Cammenga J, Magee JA, Niméus E, Bryder D. A somatic mutation in moesin drives progression into acute myeloid leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9987. [PMID: 35442741 PMCID: PMC9020775 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises when leukemia-initiating cells, defined by a primary genetic lesion, acquire subsequent molecular changes whose cumulative effects bypass tumor suppression. The changes that underlie AML pathogenesis not only provide insights into the biology of transformation but also reveal novel therapeutic opportunities. However, backtracking these events in transformed human AML samples is challenging, if at all possible. Here, we approached this question using a murine in vivo model with an MLL-ENL fusion protein as a primary molecular event. Upon clonal transformation, we identified and extensively verified a recurrent codon-changing mutation (Arg295Cys) in the ERM protein moesin that markedly accelerated leukemogenesis. Human cancer-associated moesin mutations at the conserved arginine-295 residue similarly enhanced MLL-ENL-driven leukemogenesis. Mechanistically, the mutation interrupted the stability of moesin and conferred a neomorphic activity to the protein, which converged on enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. Thereby, our studies demonstrate a critical role of ERM proteins in AML, with implications also for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yuan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Amol Ugale
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tommaso de Marchi
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Konturek-Ciesla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Haixia Wan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Eldeeb
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Drabe
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jörg Cammenga
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma Niméus
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Unexpected variation in leukemia stem cell frequency and genetic heterogeneity in two murine leukemia models initiated by AML1/ETO9a and CALM/AF10. Leukemia 2019; 34:1706-1710. [PMID: 31801964 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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PHF6 and DNMT3A mutations are enriched in distinct subgroups of mixed phenotype acute leukemia with T-lineage differentiation. Blood Adv 2019; 2:3526-3539. [PMID: 30530780 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018023531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic aberrations that drive mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) remain largely unknown, with the exception of a small subset of MPALs harboring BCR -ABL1 and MLL translocations. We performed clinicopathologic and genetic evaluation of 52 presumptive MPAL cases at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Only 29 out of 52 (56%) cases were confirmed to be bona fide MPAL according to the 2016 World Heath Organization classification. We identified PHF6 and DNMT3A mutations as the most common recurrent mutations in MPAL, each occurring in 6 out of 26 (23%) cases. These mutations are mutually exclusive of each other and BCR-ABL1/MLL translocations. PHF6- and DNMT3A-mutated MPAL showed marked predilection for T-lineage differentiation (5/6 PHF6 mutated, 6/6 DNMT3A mutated). PHF6-mutated MPAL occurred in a younger patient cohort compared with DNMT3A-mutated cases (median age, 27 years vs 61 years, P < .01). All 3 MPAL cases with both T- and B-lineage differentiation harbored PHF6 mutations. MPAL with T-lineage differentiation was associated with nodal or extramedullary involvement (9/15 [60%] vs 0, P = .001) and a higher relapse incidence (78% vs 22%, P = .017) compared with those without T-lineage differentiation. Sequencing studies on flow-cytometry-sorted populations demonstrated that PHF6 mutations are present in all blast compartments regardless of lineage differentiation with high variant allele frequency, implicating PHF6 as an early mutation in MPAL pathogenesis. In conclusion, PHF6 and DNMT3A mutations are the most common somatic alterations identified in MPAL and appear to define 2 distinct subgroups of MPAL with T-lineage differentiation with inferior outcomes.
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5
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Chopra M, Bohlander SK. The cell of origin and the leukemia stem cell in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:850-858. [PMID: 31471945 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is experimental and observational evidence that the cells of the leukemic clone in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have different phenotypes even though they share the same somatic mutations. The organization of the malignant clone in AML has many similarities to normal hematopoiesis, with leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that sustain leukemia and give rise to more differentiated cells. LSCs, similar to normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are those cells that are able to give rise to a new leukemic clone when transplanted into a recipient. The cell of origin of leukemia (COL) is defined as the normal cell that is able to transform into a leukemia cell. Current evidence suggests that the COL is distinct from the LSC. Here, we will review the current knowledge about LSCs and the COL in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chopra
- Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Barbosa K, Deshpande A, Chen BR, Ghosh A, Sun Y, Dutta S, Weetall M, Dixon J, Armstrong SA, Bohlander SK, Deshpande AJ. Acute myeloid leukemia driven by the CALM-AF10 fusion gene is dependent on BMI1. Exp Hematol 2019; 74:42-51.e3. [PMID: 31022428 PMCID: PMC10586237 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A subset of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cases harbor a t(10;11)(p13;q14) translocation resulting in the CALM-AF10 fusion gene. Standard chemotherapeutic strategies are often ineffective in treating patients with CALM-AF10 fusions. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify molecular pathways dysregulated in CALM-AF10-positive leukemias which may lay the foundation for novel targeted therapies. Here we demonstrate that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 gene BMI1 is consistently overexpressed in adult and pediatric CALM-AF10-positive leukemias. We demonstrate that genetic Bmi1 depletion abrogates CALM-AF10-mediated transformation of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Furthermore, CALM-AF10-positive murine and human AML cells are sensitive to the small-molecule BMI1 inhibitor PTC-209 as well as to PTC-596, a compound in clinical development that has been shown to result in downstream degradation of BMI1 protein. PTC-596 significantly prolongs survival of mice injected with a human CALM-AF10 cell line in a xenograft assay. In summary, these results validate BMI1 as a bona fide candidate for therapeutic targeting in AML with CALM-AF10 rearrangements.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anagha Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bo-Rui Chen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Younguk Sun
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sayantanee Dutta
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jesse Dixon
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Aniruddha J Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA.
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7
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Lange AP, Almeida LY, Araújo Silva CL, Scheucher PS, Chahud F, Krause A, Bohlander SK, Rego EM. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) gene haploinsufficiency does not alter hematopoiesis or induce leukemia in Lck-CALM/AF10 transgenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8424. [PMID: 31141090 PMCID: PMC6542091 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although rare, CALM/AF10 is a chromosomal rearrangement found in immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), acute myeloid leukemia, and mixed phenotype acute leukemia of T/myeloid lineages with poor prognosis. Moreover, this translocation is detected in 50% of T-ALL patients with gamma/delta T cell receptor rearrangement, frequently associated with low expression of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA). However, the relevance of CEBPA low expression for CALM/AF10 leukemogenesis has not yet been evaluated. We generated double mutant mice, which express the Lck-CALM/AF10 fusion gene and are haploinsufficient for the Cebpa gene. To characterize the hematopoiesis, we quantified hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid progenitor cells, megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells, common myeloid progenitor cells, and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. No significant difference was detected in any of the progenitor subsets. Finally, we tested if Cebpa haploinsufficiency would lead to the expansion of Mac-1+/B220+/c-Kit+ cells proposed as the CALM/AF10 leukemic progenitor. Less than 1% of bone marrow cells expressed Mac-1, B220, and c-Kit with no significant difference between groups. Our results showed that the reduction of Cebpa gene expression in Lck-CALM/AF10 mice did not affect their hematopoiesis or induce leukemia. Our data corroborated previous studies suggesting that the CALM/AF10 leukemia-initiating cells are early progenitors with lymphoid/myeloid differentiating potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Lange
- Divisão de Hematologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Centro de Terapia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L Y Almeida
- Divisão de Hematologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Centro de Terapia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C L Araújo Silva
- Divisão de Hematologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Centro de Terapia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P S Scheucher
- Divisão de Hematologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Centro de Terapia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F Chahud
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A Krause
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - S K Bohlander
- Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E M Rego
- Divisão de Hematologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Centro de Terapia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Divisão de Hematologia, LIM31, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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8
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Kotani S, Yoda A, Kon A, Kataoka K, Ochi Y, Shiozawa Y, Hirsch C, Takeda J, Ueno H, Yoshizato T, Yoshida K, Nakagawa MM, Nannya Y, Kakiuchi N, Yamauchi T, Aoki K, Shiraishi Y, Miyano S, Maeda T, Maciejewski JP, Takaori-Kondo A, Ogawa S, Makishima H. Molecular pathogenesis of disease progression in MLL-rearranged AML. Leukemia 2018; 33:612-624. [PMID: 30209403 PMCID: PMC6462875 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic relapse is frequently accompanied by progressively aggressive clinical course. To understand the molecular mechanism of leukemic relapse, MLL/AF9-transformed mouse leukemia cells were serially transplanted in C57BL/6 mice (N = 96) by mimicking repeated recurrences, where mutations were monitored by exome sequencing (N = 42). The onset of leukemia was progressively promoted with advanced transplants, during which increasing numbers of somatic mutations were acquired (P < 0.005). Among these, mutations in Ptpn11 (p.G60R) and Braf (p.V637E) corresponded to those identified in human MLL-AML, while recurrent mutations affecting Msn (p.R295C) were observed only in mouse but not in human MLL-AML. Another mutated gene of interest was Gnb2 which was reported to be recurrently mutated in various hematological neoplasms. Gnb2 mutations (p.G77R) were significantly increased in clone size (P = 0.007) and associated with earlier leukemia onset (P = 0.011). GNB2 transcripts were significantly upregulated in human MLL-AML compared to MLL-negative AML (P < 0.05), which was supported by significantly increased Gnb2 transcript induced by MLL/AF9 overexpression (P < 0.001). In in vivo model, both mutation and overexpression of GNB2 caused leukemogenesis, and downregulation of GNB2 expression reduced proliferative potential and survival benefit, suggesting a driver role of GNB2. In conclusion, alterations of driver genes over time may play an important role in the progression of MLL-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kotani
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Yoda
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayana Kon
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ochi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cassandra Hirsch
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - June Takeda
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamauchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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9
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Cutucache CE, Herek TA. Burrowing through the Heterogeneity: Review of Mouse Models of PTCL-NOS. Front Oncol 2016; 6:206. [PMID: 27725924 PMCID: PMC5035739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are 19 different peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) entities recognized by the World Health Organization; however, ~70% of PTCL diagnoses fall within one of three subtypes [i.e., peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma]. PTCL-NOS is a grouping of extra-thymic neoplasms that represent a challenging and heterogeneous subset of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Research into peripheral T-cell lymphomas has been cumbersome as the lack of defining cytogenetic, histological, and molecular features has stymied diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Similarly, the lacks of genetically manipulated murine models that faithfully recapitulate disease characteristics were absent prior to the turn of the century. Herein, we review the literature concerning existing mouse models for PTLC-NOS, while paying particular attention to the etiology of this heterogeneous disease.
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10
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Lu B, Huang X, Mo J, Zhao W. Drug Delivery Using Nanoparticles for Cancer Stem-Like Cell Targeting. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 27148051 PMCID: PMC4828437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cancer stem-like cell (or cancer stem cell, CSC) has been established to explain how tumor heterogeneity arises and contributes to tumor progression in diverse cancer types. CSCs are believed to drive tumor growth and elicit resistance to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, CSCs are becoming novel target in both medical researches and clinical studies. Emerging evidences showed that nanoparticles effectively inhibit many types of CSCs by targeting various specific markers (aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, CD90, and CD133) and signaling pathways (Notch, Hedgehog, and TGF-β), which are critically involved in CSC function and maintenance. In this review, we briefly summarize the current status of CSC research and review a number of state-of-the-art nanomedicine approaches targeting CSC. In addition, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies using epigenetic drugs to eliminate CSCs and inhibit cancer cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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