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Zhan Y, Ma S, Zhang T, Zhang L, Zhao P, Yang X, Liu M, Cheng W, Li Y, Wang J. Identification of a novel monocyte/macrophage-related gene signature for predicting survival and immune response in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14012. [PMID: 38890346 PMCID: PMC11189543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological tumor with poor immunotherapy effect. This study was to develop a monocyte/macrophage-related prognostic risk score (MMrisk) and identify new therapeutic biomarkers for AML. We utilized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing to identify monocyte/macrophage-related genes (MMGs). Eight genes were selected for the construction of a MMrisk model using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. We then validated the MMrisk on two GEO datasets. Lastly, we investigated the immunologic characteristics and advantages of immunotherapy and potential targeted drugs for MMrisk groups. Our study identified that the MMrisk is composed of eight MMGs, including HOPX, CSTB, MAP3K1, LGALS1, CFD, MXD1, CASP1 and BCL2A1. The low MMrisk group survived longer than high MMrisk group (P < 0.001). The high MMrisk group was positively correlated with B cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory cells, Mast cells, CAFs, monocytes, M2 macrophages, Endothelial, tumor mutation, and most immune checkpoints (PD1, Tim-3, CTLA4, LAG3). Furthermore, drug sensitivity analysis showed that AZD.2281, Axitinib, AUY922, ABT.888, and ATRA were effective in high-risk MM patients. Our research shows that MMrisk is a potential biomarker which is helpful to identify the molecular characteristics of AML immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixing Ma
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
- Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China.
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Favale G, Donnarumma F, Capone V, Della Torre L, Beato A, Carannante D, Verrilli G, Nawaz A, Grimaldi F, De Simone MC, Del Gaudio N, Megchelenbrink WL, Caraglia M, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V. Deregulation of New Cell Death Mechanisms in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1657. [PMID: 38730609 PMCID: PMC11083363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are among the top five most frequent forms of cancer in developed countries worldwide. Although the new therapeutic approaches have improved the quality and the life expectancy of patients, the high rate of recurrence and drug resistance are the main issues for counteracting blood disorders. Chemotherapy-resistant leukemic clones activate molecular processes for biological survival, preventing the activation of regulated cell death pathways, leading to cancer progression. In the past decade, leukemia research has predominantly centered around modulating the well-established processes of apoptosis (type I cell death) and autophagy (type II cell death). However, the development of therapy resistance and the adaptive nature of leukemic clones have rendered targeting these cell death pathways ineffective. The identification of novel cell death mechanisms, as categorized by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD), has provided researchers with new tools to overcome survival mechanisms and activate alternative molecular pathways. This review aims to synthesize information on these recently discovered RCD mechanisms in the major types of leukemia, providing researchers with a comprehensive overview of cell death and its modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Favale
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Federica Donnarumma
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Vincenza Capone
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Antonio Beato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Daniela Carannante
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Giulia Verrilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Asmat Nawaz
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Francesco Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Divisione di Ematologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | | | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Wouter Leonard Megchelenbrink
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Programma di Epigenetica Medica, A.O.U. “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (F.D.); (V.C.); (L.D.T.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (G.V.); (A.N.); (N.D.G.); (W.L.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (L.A.)
- Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Xu S, Yang TJ, Xu S, Gong YN. Plasma membrane repair empowers the necrotic survivors as innate immune modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:93-106. [PMID: 37648621 PMCID: PMC10872800 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing the membrane, which allows them to maintain their integrity to some extent, and sometimes even survive. Interestingly, cells that survive a near-necrosis experience can recognize sub-lethal membrane damage and use it as a signal to secrete chemokines and cytokines, which activate the immune response. This review will present evidence of necrotic cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including in C. elegans, mouse models, and humans. We will also summarize the various membrane repair mechanisms cells use to maintain membrane integrity. Finally, we will propose a mathematical model to illustrate how near-death experiences can transform dying cells into innate immune modulators for their microenvironment. By utilizing their membrane repair activity, the biological effects of cell death can extend beyond the mere elimination of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Tyler J Yang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117, USA
| | - Suhong Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Li Y, Seet CS, Mack R, Joshi K, Runde AP, Hagen PA, Barton K, Breslin P, Kini A, Ji HL, Zhang J. Distinct roles of hematopoietic cytokines in the regulation of leukemia stem cells in murine MLL-AF9 leukemia. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:100-111. [PMID: 38101400 PMCID: PMC10828676 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP)-like and granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP)-like leukemia stem cells (LSCs) co-exist in the blood of most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Complete elimination of both types of LSCs is required to cure AML. Using an MLL-AF9-induced murine AML model, we studied the role of hematopoietic cytokines in the survival of LMPP- and GMP-like LSCs. We found that SCF or FLT3L promotes the survival of LMPP-like LSCs by stimulating Stat5-mediated Mcl1 expression, whereas interleukin-3 (IL-3) or IL-6 induces the survival of GMP-like LSCs by stimulating Stat3/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated Bcl2 expression. Functional study demonstrated that, compared to AML cells cultured in IL-3 and IL-6 medium, AML cells in SCF- or Flt3L-only culture are highly clonogenic in in vitro culture and are highly leukemogenic in vivo. Our study suggests that co-inhibition of both STAT5-MCL1 and STAT3/NF-κB-BCL2 signaling might represent an improved treatment strategy against AML, specifically AML cases with a monocytic phenotype and/or FLT3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Blood Disease Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, P.R. China
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Departments of Cancer Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Kanak Joshi
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Departments of Cancer Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Austin P Runde
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Departments of Cancer Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Patrick A Hagen
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Kevin Barton
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Departments of Biology, Molecular/Cellular Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ameet Kini
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Canter, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Departments of Cancer Biology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Fang W, Lin H, Chen J, Guo W. A novel necroptosis-related gene signature in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2023; 28:2227491. [PMID: 37367830 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2227491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Necroptosis has been reported to play an important role in different cancers, including leukemia. However, biomarkers of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) that help predict the prognosis of AML are still lacking. Our research aims to build a novel signature of NRGs that could enhance our understanding of the molecular heterogeneity in leukemia. METHOD Gene expression profiles as well as clinical features were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Data analysis were executed using R software version 4.2.1 and GraphPad Prism version 9.0.0. RESULT Univariate cox regression and lasso regression were applied to identify survival-specific genes. Four genes including FADD, PLA2G4A, PYCARD and ZBP1 were considered as independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients. Risk scores were calculated according to the coefficient of four genes. Then clinical characteristics and risk scores were enrolled to construct a nomogram. CellMiner was also used to screen potential drugs and analyze the correlations between genes and drug sensitivity. CONCLUSION In general, we established a signature of four genes related to necroptosis that could be helpful for future risk stratification in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdou Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Guo
- Medical and Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Dong H, Chang CD, Gao F, Zhang N, Yan XJ, Wu X, Wang YH. The anti-leukemia activity and mechanisms of shikonin: a mini review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1271252. [PMID: 38026987 PMCID: PMC10651754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1271252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia encompasses a group of highly heterogeneous diseases that pose a serious threat to human health. The long-term outcome of patients with leukemia still needs to be improved and new effective therapeutic strategies continue to be an unmet clinical need. Shikonin (SHK) is a naphthoquinone derivative that shows multiple biological function includes anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Numerous studies have reported the anti-leukemia activity of SHK during the last 3 decades and there are studies showing that SHK is particularly effective towards various leukemia cells compared to solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the anti-leukemia effect of SHK and summarize the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, SHK may be a promising agent to be developed as an anti-leukemia drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Di Chang
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Province People’s Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Endocrine Department, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Electrodiagnosis Department, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xing-Jian Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue-Hui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Geriatrics Clinical Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Garciaz S, Miller T, Collette Y, Vey N. Targeting regulated cell death pathways in acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:151-168. [PMID: 37065864 PMCID: PMC10099605 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has transformed the management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. By triggering intrinsic apoptosis, the drug is an excellent illustration of how our greater understanding of molecular cell death pathways can be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, most venetoclax-treated patients will relapse, suggesting the need to target additional regulated cell death pathways. To highlight advances in this strategy, we review the recognized regulated cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Next, we detail the therapeutic opportunities to trigger regulated cell death in AML. Finally, we describe the main drug discovery challenges for regulated cell death inducers and their translation into clinical trials. A better knowledge of the molecular pathways regulating cell death represents a promising strategy to develop new drugs to cure resistant or refractory AML patients, particularly those resistant to intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Garciaz
- Hematology Department, Integrative Structural and Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Thomas Miller
- Integrative Structural and Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Integrative Structural and Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Hematology Department, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
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Duan H, Yang S, Zhang X, Ji G. Bacterial-agglutinating and opsonic activities of RIPK1 in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109443. [PMID: 35981661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that receptor interacting protein kinase-1 acts as a crucial mediator in the regulation of immune response, but evidence remains lacking for its direct interaction with bacteria. In this study, we found that challenge with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid resulted in a significantly increased transcriptional expression of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 in zebrafish, suggesting the receptor interacting protein kinase-1 is implicated in anti-infectious responses. In accordance, we found that recombinant receptor interacting protein kinase-1 was not only able to bind to Gram-negative and -positive bacteria via interaction with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid, but also agglutinate both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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9
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Medler J, Kucka K, Wajant H. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2): An Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112603. [PMID: 35681583 PMCID: PMC9179537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great success of TNF blockers in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the identification of TNF as a factor that influences the development of tumors in many ways, the role of TNFR2 in tumor biology and its potential suitability as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy have long been underestimated. This has been fundamentally changed with the identification of TNFR2 as a regulatory T-cell (Treg)-stimulating factor and the general clinical breakthrough of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, considering TNFR2 as a sole immunosuppressive factor in the tumor microenvironment does not go far enough. TNFR2 can also co-stimulate CD8+ T-cells, sensitize some immune and tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of TNFR1 and/or acts as an oncogene. In view of the wide range of cancer-associated TNFR2 activities, it is not surprising that both antagonists and agonists of TNFR2 are considered for tumor therapy and have indeed shown overwhelming anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies. Based on a brief summary of TNFR2 signaling and the immunoregulatory functions of TNFR2, we discuss here the main preclinical findings and insights gained with TNFR2 agonists and antagonists. In particular, we address the question of which TNFR2-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms underlie the observed anti-tumoral activities of TNFR2 agonists and antagonists.
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10
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Ripk3 signaling regulates HSCs during stress and represses radiation-induced leukemia in mice. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1428-1441. [PMID: 35561683 PMCID: PMC9213819 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3) is one of the critical mediators of inflammatory cytokine-stimulated signaling. Here we show that Ripk3 signaling selectively regulates both the number and the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during stress conditions. Ripk3 signaling is not required for normal homeostatic hematopoiesis. However, in response to serial transplantation, inactivation of Ripk3 signaling prevents stress-induced HSC exhaustion and functional HSC attenuation, while in response to fractionated low doses of ionizing radiation (IR), inactivation of Ripk3 signaling accelerates leukemia/lymphoma development. In both situations, Ripk3 signaling is primarily stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α. Activated Ripk3 signaling promotes the elimination of HSCs during serial transplantation and pre-leukemia stem cells (pre-LSCs) during fractionated IR by inducing Mlkl-dependent necroptosis. Activated Ripk3 signaling also attenuates HSC functioning and represses a pre-LSC-to-LSC transformation by promoting Mlkl-independent senescence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ripk3 signaling induces senescence in HSCs and pre-LSCs by attenuating ISR-mediated mitochondrial quality control. Ripk3-Mlkl signaling is not required for normal homeostatic hematopoiesis Ripk3-Mlkl signaling promotes HSC loss during serial transplantation or low-dose IR Tnf-α-Ripk3 signaling prevents leukemia development after exposure to low-dose IR Ripk3 represses pre-LSCs by inducing Mlkl necroptosis and PDC-OXPHOS-ROS senescence
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11
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Dan W, Zhong L, Zhang Z, Wan P, Lu Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Chu X, Liu B. RIP1-dependent Apoptosis and Differentiation Regulated by Skp2 and Akt/GSK3β in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:525-536. [PMID: 35370472 PMCID: PMC8964317 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.68385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous neoplasm characterized by variations in cytogenetics and molecular abnormalities, which result in variable response to therapy. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis has been reported to have a potential role in the treatment of AML. We obtained Skp2 and RIP1 are significantly overexpressed in AML samples using original published data, and identified that Skp2-depletion in AML cells significantly suppressed RIP1. Functional analysis showed that the inhibition of RIP1 caused by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) inhibited the proliferation, simultaneously facilitate both the apoptosis and differentiation of AML cells. Mechanistical analysis elucidated that knockdown of Skp2 suppresses RIP1 by transcriptional regulation but not by proteasome degradation. Additionally, Skp2 regulated the function of RIP1 by decreasing K63-linked ubiquitin interaction with RIP1. Moreover, the suppression of Akt/GSK3β was observed in Skp2 knockdown stable NB4 cells. Also, GSK3β inactivation via small-molecule inhibitor treatment remarkably decreased RIP1 level. RIP1 regulates differentiation by interacting with RARα, increasing RA signaling targets gene C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. In conclusion, our study provides a novel insight into the mechanism of tumorigenesis and the development of AML, for which the Skp2-Akt/GSK3β-RIP1 pathway can be developed as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Dan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xuan Chu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Beizhong Liu
- Central Laboratory of Yong-Chuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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12
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Li J, Liao D, Wang F, Wang Z, Li Y, Xiong Y, Niu T. RIPK1 inhibition enhances the therapeutic efficacy of chidamide in FLT3-ITD positive AML, both in vitro and in vivo. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:1167-1179. [PMID: 34865571 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-ITD mutation accounts for a large proportion of relapsed/refractory AML with poor prognosis. RIPK1 is a known key regulator of necroptosis and RIPK1 inhibition shows anti-AML effects in vitro. Chidamide is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) with proven ability to induce apoptosis in FLT3-ITD positive AML cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the combination of 22b, a novel RIPK1 inhibitor, and chidamide on proliferation and apoptosis in FLT3-ITD positive AML cell lines and primary cells. The results showed that 22b could significantly enhance the anti-leukemia effect of low-dose chidamide both on cell lines and primary cells. In a subcutaneous xenograft AML model, the combination of 22b and chidamide exhibited obviously elevated anti-tumor activity. In conclusion, our results support that the combination of RIPK1 inhibitor 22b and chidamide may be a novel therapeutic avenue for FLT3-ITD positive AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Hematology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, China
| | - Fujue Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhongwang Wang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Liu S, Joshi K, Denning MF, Zhang J. RIPK3 signaling and its role in the pathogenesis of cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7199-7217. [PMID: 34654937 PMCID: PMC9044760 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase. As a key component of necrosomes, RIPK3 is an essential mediator of inflammatory factors (such as TNFα-tumor necrosis factor α) and infection-induced necroptosis, a programmed necrosis. In addition, RIPK3 signaling is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cytokine/chemokine production, mitochondrial metabolism, autophagy, and cell proliferation by interacting with and/or phosphorylating the critical regulators of the corresponding signaling pathways. Similar to apoptosis, RIPK3-signaling-mediated necroptosis is inactivated in most types of cancers, suggesting RIPK3 might play a critical suppressive role in the pathogenesis of cancers. However, in some inflammatory types of cancers, such as pancreatic cancers and colorectal cancers, RIPK3 signaling might promote cancer development by stimulating proliferation signaling in tumor cells and inducing an immunosuppressive response in the tumor environment. In this review, we summarize recent research progress in the regulators of RIPK3 signaling, and discuss the function of this pathway in the regulation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis and MLKL-independent cellular behaviors. In addition, we deliberate the potential roles of RIPK3 signaling in the pathogenesis of different types of cancers and discuss the potential strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kanak Joshi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Mitchell F Denning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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14
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Takahashi S. Kinase Inhibitors and Interferons as Other Myeloid Differentiation Inducers in Leukemia Therapy. Acta Haematol 2021; 145:113-121. [PMID: 34673646 DOI: 10.1159/000519769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is well established for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Several attempts have been made to treat non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by employing differentiation inducers, such as hypomethylating agents and low-dose cytarabine, with encouraging results. In the present review, I focus on other possible differentiation inducers: kinase inhibitors and interferons (IFNs). A number of kinase inhibitors have been reported to induce differentiation, including CDK inhibitors, GSK3 inhibitors, Akt inhibitors, p38 MAPK inhibitors, Src family kinase inhibitors, Syk inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and HSP90 inhibitors. Other powerful inducers are IFNs, which were reported to enhance differentiation with ATRA. Although clinical trials for these kinase modulators remain scarce, their mechanisms of action have been, at least partly, clarified. The Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK pathway and the RARα downstream are affected by many of the kinase inhibitors and IFNs and seem to play a pivotal role for the induction of myeloid differentiation. Further clarification of the mechanisms, as well as the establishment of efficient combination therapies with the kinase inhibitors or IFNs, may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Takahashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Wang N, Fei C, Chu F, Huang S, Pan L, Peng D, Duan X. Taohong Siwu Decoction Regulates Cell Necrosis and Neuroinflammation in the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732358. [PMID: 34447315 PMCID: PMC8384077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell necrosis and neuroinflammation play an important role in brain injury induced by ischemic stroke. Previous studies reported that Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD)can reduce heart muscle cell necrosis and has anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of THSWD on cell necrosis and neuroinflammation in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each group. They were the sham operation group, MCAO model group, and MCAO + THSWD group. We used ELISA to determine the levels of TNF-α, Mcp-1, and IL-1β inflammatory factors in rat serum, qRT-PCR to detect the expression of TNF-α, Mcp-1 and IL-1β mRNA in rat brain, and immunohistochemistry to detect the number of microglia and neutrophils in rat brain. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of IBA-1 and MPO inflammatory factors and the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway in the rat brain and protein expression levels. Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of MCP-1, IL-1β, IBA-1, and MPO inflammatory factors and the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway were significantly upregulated in the MCAO group. Compared with the MCAO group, the expressions of MCP-1, IL-1β, IBA-1, and MPO inflammatory factors and the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway were significantly downregulated in the MCAO + THSWD group. THSWD can reduce the expression levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IBA-1, and MPO inflammatory factors as well as the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway. Meanwhile, it can reduce the necrosis and inflammation of brain cells after cerebral ischemia, so as to protect the brain tissue of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changyi Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Furui Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xianchun Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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16
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Martens S, Bridelance J, Roelandt R, Vandenabeele P, Takahashi N. MLKL in cancer: more than a necroptosis regulator. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1757-1772. [PMID: 33953348 PMCID: PMC8184805 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) emerged as executioner of necroptosis, a RIPK3-dependent form of regulated necrosis. Cell death evasion is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Besides apoptosis, some cancers suppress necroptosis-associated mechanisms by for example epigenetic silencing of RIPK3 expression. Conversely, necroptosis-elicited inflammation by cancer cells can fuel tumor growth. Recently, necroptosis-independent functions of MLKL were unraveled in receptor internalization, ligand-receptor degradation, endosomal trafficking, extracellular vesicle formation, autophagy, nuclear functions, axon repair, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and inflammasome regulation. Little is known about the precise role of MLKL in cancer and whether some of these functions are involved in cancer development and metastasis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and controversies on MLKL, its structure, necroptosis-independent functions, expression, mutations, and its potential role as a pro- or anti-cancerous factor. Analysis of MLKL expression patterns reveals that MLKL is upregulated by type I/II interferon, conditions of inflammation, and tissue injury. Overall, MLKL may affect cancer development and metastasis through necroptosis-dependent and -independent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Martens
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Bridelance
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Cell Death and Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Karimdadi Sariani O, Eghbalpour S, Kazemi E, Rafiei Buzhani K, Zaker F. Pathogenic and therapeutic roles of cytokines in acute myeloid leukemia. Cytokine 2021; 142:155508. [PMID: 33810945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with high mortality that accounts for the most common acute leukemia in adults. Despite all progress in the therapeutic strategies and increased rate of complete remission, many patients will eventually relapse and die from the disease. Cytokines as molecular messengers play a pivotal role in the immune system. The imbalance release of cytokine has been shown to exert a significant influence on the progression of hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia. This article aimed to summarize current knowledge about cytokines and their critical roles in the pathogenesis, treatment, and survival of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karimdadi Sariani
- Department of Genetics, College of Science, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Sara Eghbalpour
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Kazemi
- Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Zaker
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Della Torre L, Nebbioso A, Stunnenberg HG, Martens JHA, Carafa V, Altucci L. The Role of Necroptosis: Biological Relevance and Its Involvement in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040684. [PMID: 33567618 PMCID: PMC7914991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A new form of programmed necrosis called necroptosis has emerged. This new and well-documented type of programmed cell death is involved in several human diseases, including cancer. RIPK1, the main mediator of necroptosis, in response to different stimuli, activates several molecular pathways leading to inflammation, cell survival, or cell death. Targeting necroptosis could be a new strategy for advanced therapies. In this review, we focus on the biological relevance of this type of programmed cell death and its main executor RIPK1 in pathogenesis to find novel potential clinical intervention strategies. Abstract Regulated cell death mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Evasion of cell death is one of the most important hallmarks of cancer. Necroptosis is a caspase independent form of regulated cell death, investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy to eradicate apoptosis resistant cancer cells. The process can be triggered by a variety of stimuli and is controlled by the activation of RIP kinases family as well as MLKL. The well-studied executor, RIPK1, is able to modulate key cellular events through the interaction with several proteins, acting as strategic crossroads of several molecular pathways. Little evidence is reported about its involvement in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize current studies on the biological relevance of necroptosis, its contradictory role in cancer and its function in cell fate control. Targeting necroptosis might be a novel therapeutic intervention strategy in anticancer therapies as a pharmacologically controllable event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Della Torre
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Hendrik G. Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost H. A. Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.M.); (V.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +31-024-3610525 (J.H.A.M.); +39-0815665682 (V.C.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.M.); (V.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +31-024-3610525 (J.H.A.M.); +39-0815665682 (V.C.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.A.M.); (V.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +31-024-3610525 (J.H.A.M.); +39-0815665682 (V.C.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.)
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19
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Tan Y, Sementino E, Cheung M, Peri S, Menges CW, Kukuyan AM, Zhang T, Khazak V, Fox LA, Ross EA, Ramanathan S, Jhanwar SC, Flores RM, Balachandran S, Testa JR. Somatic Epigenetic Silencing of RIPK3 Inactivates Necroptosis and Contributes to Chemoresistance in Malignant Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1200-1213. [PMID: 33203643 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) phosphorylates effector molecule MLKL to trigger necroptosis. Although RIPK3 loss is seen in several human cancers, its role in malignant mesothelioma is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether RIPK3 functions as a potential tumor suppressor to limit development of malignant mesothelioma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RIPK3 expression was examined in 66 malignant mesothelioma tumors and cell lines. Promoter methylation and DNMT1 siRNA studies were performed to assess the mode of RIPK3 silencing in RIPK3-deficient malignant mesothelioma cells. Restoration of RIPK3 expression in RIPK3-negative malignant mesothelioma cells, either by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or lentiviral expression of cDNA, was performed to assess effects on cell viability, necrosis, and chemosensitization. RESULTS Loss of RIPK3 expression was observed in 42/66 (63%) primary malignant mesotheliomas and malignant mesothelioma cell lines, and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that downregulation occurs at the transcriptional level, consistent with epigenetic silencing. RIPK3-negative malignant mesothelioma cells treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in reexpression of RIPK3 and chemosensitization. Ectopic expression of RIPK3 also resulted in chemosensitization and led to necroptosis, the latter demonstrated by phosphorylation of downstream target MLKL and confirmed by rescue experiments. Mining of RIPK3 expression and survival outcomes among patients with malignant mesothelioma available from The Cancer Genome Atlas repository revealed that promoter methylation of RIPK3 is associated with reduced RIPK3 expression and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that RIPK3 acts as a tumor suppressor in malignant mesothelioma by triggering necroptosis and that epigenetic silencing of RIPK3 by DNA methylation impairs necroptosis and contributes to chemoresistance and poor survival in this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig W Menges
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ting Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lauren A Fox
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric A Ross
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Suresh Ramanathan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Suresh C Jhanwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raja M Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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20
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Loss of FGFR3 Accelerates Bone Marrow Suppression-Induced Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Expansion by Activating FGFR1-ELK1-Cyclin D1 Signaling. Transplant Cell Ther 2020; 27:45.e1-45.e10. [PMID: 32966879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chemotherapy or radiation therapy often generate anemia and low immunity due to the therapy-induced bone marrow (BM) suppression. To enhance hematopoietic regeneration during the therapy-induced BM suppression urgently need to be solved. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play important regulatory roles in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion in vitro and in vivo by the FGF receptor (FGFR1-4)-mediated signaling pathway. FGFR3 is an important member of the FGFR family, and its regulatory function in hematopoiesis is largely unknown. Using knockout (KO) mice of FGFR3, we found that loss of FGFR3 does not affect HSPC functions or lineage differentiation during steady-state hematopoiesis, but FGFR3 deletion accelerates HSPC expansion and hematopoiesis recovery via a cell-autonomous manner under 5-fluorouracil-induced BM suppression. Our results showed that FGFR3 inactivation accelerates BM suppression-induced HSPC expansion by upregulating FGFR1 and its downstream transcriptional factor, ELK, which regulates the expression of the cyclin D1 gene at the level of transcription. Further studies confirmed that loss of FGFR3 in hematopoietic cells inhibits in vivo leukemogenesis under BM suppression. Our data found a novel hematopoietic regulatory mechanism by which FGFR3 deletion promotes HSPC expansion under BM suppression and also provided a promising approach to enhance antileukemia and hematopoietic regeneration by inhibiting FGFR3 functions in HSPCs combined with leukemic chemotherapy.
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21
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The Bcr-Abl inhibitor GNF-7 inhibits necroptosis and ameliorates acute kidney injury by targeting RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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ID1 overexpression increases gefitinib sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer by activating RIP3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:109-118. [PMID: 32004572 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ID1 is an oncogenic factor in cancer, but its role in relation to drug sensitivity is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ID1 in drug sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ID1 overexpression in NSCLC cells harboring either EGFR or KRAS mutation was performed and the sensitivity of NSCLC to gefitinib (ZD1839) was measured. A murine orthotopic lung carcinoma model with or without stable ID1 overexpression was developed and treated with gefitinib. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses showed that ID1 overexpression promoted inflammation-related cell death but not apoptosis in gefitinib-treated NSCLC cells. ID1 induced necroptosis by triggering activation of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathways. Protein kinase array further suggested that ID1 overexpression maintains Akt activity in gefitinib-treated NSCLC cells, which in turn upregulated FLICE-like inhibitory protein to dissociate the caspase-8-RIP1 complex. The association of RIP1 and RIP3 further activated necroptotic cell death in gefitinib-treated NSCLC. In conclusion, ID1 overexpression in NSCLC induced cellular sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, regardless of the mutational status of NSCLC. The results may provide scientific evidence for optimizing the treatment outcomes of gefitinib for NSCLC patients.
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23
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Abstract
Necroptosis is a tightly regulated form of necrosis that requires the activation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, as well as the RIPK3 substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Because of membrane rupture, necroptotic cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that evoke immune responses. Necroptosis is emerging as an important cellular response in the modulation of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Necroptosis of cancer cells is considered to be an immunogenic cell death capable of activating anti-tumor immunity. Necroptosis also participates in the promotion of myeloid cell-induced adaptive immune suppression and thus contributes to oncogenesis. In addition, necroptosis of endothelial cells and tumor cells is conducive to tumor metastasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the complex role of necroptosis in cancer and discuss the potential of targeting necroptosis components for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing 100005, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing 100005, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing 100005, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Su-Dan He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing 100005, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
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24
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Li J, Zhang L, Yin L, Ma N, Wang T, Wu Y, Wang M, Yang X, Xu H, Hao C, Li W, Wei W, Xu Y, Zhang F, Breslin P, Zhang J, Zhang J. In Vitro Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Inhibition of Both GSK3 and p38 Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1486-1497. [PMID: 31552804 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapy is one of the most effective treatments for life-threatening hematopoietic diseases. Bone marrow (BM) and mobilized peripheral blood are the major sources of HSCs, but these resources are limited by a paucity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is the most promising alternative to obtain HSCs for transplantation therapy. However, UCB transplantation therapy is limited by low numbers of HSCs per unit of UCB. In vitro HSC expansion is believed to be the most effective and applicable strategy to address this issue. Here we report that a moderate concentration of GSK3 inhibitor promotes HSC expansion by inducing moderate levels of β-catenin activity in HSCs. However, such a concentration of GSK3 inhibitor also stimulates myeloid cells to produce inflammatory cytokines, which attenuate HSC expansion by inducing p38 activation. Thus, when unpurified HSCs were used in culture, inhibition of p38-induced inflammatory cytokine signaling was required to ensure HSC expansion induced by the low concentration of GSK3 inhibitor. Our study suggests that the combination of a moderate concentration of p38 inhibitor plus a GSK3 inhibitor synergistically promotes the expansion of both murine BM HSCs and human UCB HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Lizhi Yin
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiqin Hao
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Molecular/Cellular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Cuartero S, Innes AJ, Merkenschlager M. Towards a Better Understanding of Cohesin Mutations in AML. Front Oncol 2019; 9:867. [PMID: 31552185 PMCID: PMC6746210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical driver mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) typically affect regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The selective advantage of increased proliferation, improved survival, and reduced differentiation on leukemia progression is immediately obvious. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have uncovered numerous novel AML-associated mutations. Interestingly, a substantial fraction of the most frequently mutated genes encode general regulators of transcription and chromatin state. Understanding the selective advantage conferred by these mutations remains a major challenge. A striking example are mutations in genes of the cohesin complex, a major regulator of three-dimensional genome organization. Several landmark studies have shown that cohesin mutations perturb the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Emerging data now begin to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underpin this phenotype. Among these mechanisms is a role for cohesin in the control of inflammatory responses in HSPCs and myeloid cells. Inflammatory signals limit HSPC self-renewal and drive HSPC differentiation. Consistent with this, cohesin mutations promote resistance to inflammatory signals, and may provide a selective advantage for AML progression. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding cohesin mutations in AML, and speculate whether vulnerabilities associated with these mutations could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Cuartero
- Faculty of Medicine, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew J Innes
- Faculty of Medicine, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Merkenschlager
- Faculty of Medicine, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Liu Y, Liu T, Lei T, Zhang D, Du S, Girani L, Qi D, Lin C, Tong R, Wang Y. RIP1/RIP3-regulated necroptosis as a target for multifaceted disease therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:771-786. [PMID: 31198981 PMCID: PMC6658002 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death with necrotic morphology, occurring in a variety of biological processes, including inflammation, immune response, embryonic development and metabolic abnormalities. The current nomenclature defines necroptosis as cell death mediated by signal transduction from receptor‑interacting serine/threonine kinase (RIP) 1 to RIP3 (hereafter called RIP1/RIP3). However, RIP3‑dependent cell death would be a more precise definition of necroptosis. RIP3 is indispensable for necroptosis, while RIP1 is not consistently involved in the signal transduction. Notably, deletion of RIP1 even promotes RIP3‑mediated necroptosis under certain conditions. Necroptosis was previously thought as an alternate process of cell death in case of apoptosis inhibition. Currently, necroptosis is recognized to serve a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes. Of note, it mediates a variety of human diseases, such as ischemic brain injury, immune system disorders and cancer. Targeting and inhibiting necroptosis, therefore, has the potential to be used for therapeutic purposes. To date, research has elucidated the suppression of RIP1/RIP3 via effective inhibitors and highlighted their potential application in disease therapy. The present review focused on the molecular mechanisms of RIP1/RIP3‑mediated necroptosis, explored the functions of RIP1/RIP3 in necroptosis, discussed their potential as a novel therapeutic target for disease therapy, and provided valuable suggestions for further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Liu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Lea Girani
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Qi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P.R. China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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27
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Zhang H, Xu L, Qin X, Chen X, Cong H, Hu L, Chen L, Miao Z, Zhang W, Cai Z, Zhuang C. N-(7-Cyano-6-(4-fluoro-3-(2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamido)phenoxy)benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (TAK-632) Analogues as Novel Necroptosis Inhibitors by Targeting Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3): Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and in Vivo Efficacy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6665-6681. [PMID: 31095385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in various diseases, including inflammatory, infectious, and degenerative diseases. We previously identified N-(7-cyano-6-(4-fluoro-3-(2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamido)phenoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (TAK-632) (6) as a potent inhibitor of necroptosis by targeting both receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and 3 (RIPK3) kinases. Herein, we performed three rounds of structural optimizations of TAK-632 and elucidated structure-activity relationships to generate more potent inhibitors by targeting RIPK3. The analogues with carbamide groups exhibited great antinecroptotic activities, and compound 42 showed >60-fold selectivity for RIPK3 than RIPK1. It blocked necrosome formation by specifically inhibiting the phosphorylation of RIPK3 in necroptotic cells. In a tumor necrosis factor-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome model, it significantly protected mice from hypothermia and death at a dose of 5 mg/kg, which was much more effective than TAK-632. Moreover, it showed favorable and druglike pharmacokinetic properties in rats with an oral bioavailability of 25.2%. Thus, these RIPK3-targeting small molecules represent promising lead structures for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , 1160 Shengli Street , Yinchuan 750004 , China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , 1160 Shengli Street , Yinchuan 750004 , China
| | - Xia Qin
- National Center for Liver Cancer , Second Military Medical University , 225 Changhai Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hui Cong
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , 1160 Shengli Street , Yinchuan 750004 , China.,School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Longmiao Hu
- National Center for Liver Cancer , Second Military Medical University , 225 Changhai Road , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , 1160 Shengli Street , Yinchuan 750004 , China.,School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- National Center for Liver Cancer , Second Military Medical University , 225 Changhai Road , Shanghai 200438 , China.,Cancer Institute , Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy , Ningxia Medical University , 1160 Shengli Street , Yinchuan 750004 , China.,School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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28
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Li H, Lu N, Yu X, Liu X, Hu P, Zhu Y, Shen L, Xu J, Li Z, Guo Q, Hui H. Oroxylin A, a natural compound, mitigates the negative effects of TNFα-treated acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1292-1303. [PMID: 29346508 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a complicated cytokine which is involved in proliferation and differentiation of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells through a poorly understood mechanism. Mechanistic studies indicate that TNFα induced binding of PI3K subunit p85α to N-terminal truncated nuclear receptor RXRα (tRXRα) proteins, and activated AKT. The activated PI3K/AKT pathway negatively regulated differentiation of AML cells through the upregulation of c-Myc. In addition, TNFα also induced activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a nuclear transcription factor which was shown to promote cell proliferation. The present study demonstrates that oroxylin A, a natural compound isolated from Scutellariae radix, sensitizes leukemia cells to TNFα and markedly enhances TNFα-induced growth inhibition and differentiation of AML cell including human leukemia cell lines and primary AML cells. Activation of PI3K/AKT pathway could be inhibited by oroxylin A through inhibiting expression of tRXRα in NB4 and HL-60-resistant cells. Furthermore, we found that oroxylin A inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the DNA binding activity by TNFα proved by EMSA in these two AML cell lines. Moreover, in vivo studies showed that treatment with oroxylin A in combination with TNFα decreased AML cell population and prolonged survival in NOD/SCID mice with xenografts of primary AML cells. Overall, our results indicate that oroxylin A is able to inhibit the negative effects of TNFα for AML therapy, suggesting that combination of oroxylin A and TNFα have the potential to delay growth or eliminate the abnormal leukemic cells, thus representing a promising strategy for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Po Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated DrumTower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Al-Moujahed A, Tian B, Efstathiou NE, Konstantinou EK, Hoang M, Lin H, Miller JW, Vavvas DG. Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) regulates iPSCs generation through modulating cell cycle progression genes. Stem Cell Res 2019; 35:101387. [PMID: 30703581 PMCID: PMC7375132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generation are poorly understood. The cell death machinery of apoptosis-inducing caspases have been shown to facilitate the process of iPSCs reprogramming. However, the effect of other cell death processes, such as programmed necrosis (necroptosis), on iPSCs induction has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), an essential regulator of necroptosis, in reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) into iPSCs. RIP3 was found to be upregulated in iPSCs compared to MEFs. Deletion of RIP3 dramatically suppressed the reprogramming of iPSCs (~82%). RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR showed that RIP3 KO MEFs expressed lower levels of genes that control cell cycle progression and cell division and higher levels of extracellular matrix-regulating genes. The growth rate of RIP3 KO MEFs was significantly slower than WT MEFs. These findings can partially explain the inhibitory effects of RIP3 deletion on iPSCs generation and show for the first time that the necroptosis kinase RIP3 plays an important role in iPSC reprogramming. In contrast to RIP3, the kinase and scaffolding functions of RIPK1 appeared to have distinct effects on reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Moujahed
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Bo Tian
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Nikolaos E Efstathiou
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Eleni K Konstantinou
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Mien Hoang
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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30
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Human RIPK1 deficiency causes combined immunodeficiency and inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:970-975. [PMID: 30591564 PMCID: PMC6338855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813582116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a critical regulator of cell death and inflammation, but its relevance for human disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Studies of monogenic disorders might provide critical insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of RIPK1 for common diseases. Here, we report on eight patients from six unrelated pedigrees with biallelic loss-of-function mutations in RIPK1 presenting with primary immunodeficiency and/or intestinal inflammation. Mutations in RIPK1 were associated with reduced NF-κB activity, defective differentiation of T and B cells, increased inflammasome activity, and impaired response to TNFR1-mediated cell death in intestinal epithelial cells. The characterization of RIPK1-deficient patients highlights the essential role of RIPK1 in controlling human immune and intestinal homeostasis, and might have critical implications for therapies targeting RIPK1.
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Wang Z, Guo LM, Wang SC, Chen D, Yan J, Liu FX, Huang JF, Xiong K. Progress in studies of necroptosis and its relationship to disease processes. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1749-1757. [PMID: 30244947 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review briefly introduces the mechanism and detection methods of necroptosis in recent years. The most significant points of this review focus on the involvement of necroptotic proteins in disease progression. The following aspects are summarized: 1) RIPs, MLKL, and the upstream and downstream molecules that mediate necroptosis; 2) The development of detection methods for necroptosis; 3) The involvement of related necroptotic proteins in diverse diseases etiology; and 4) The application of necroptotic proteins in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Li-Min Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shu-Chao Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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RIP kinases as modulators of inflammation and immunity. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:912-922. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Luo X, Bai S, Zhao L. Effect of the conditional knockout of bone marrow specific RIPK3 gene on bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:568-576. [PMID: 31938142 PMCID: PMC6958049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 (RIPk3) is a key signaling molecule in the regulation of cell apoptosis and necroptosis, it plays an important role in the pathophysiological changes of many hematologic diseases. However, the regulatory role of RIPk3 in programmed cell death (PCD) is not fully known. In this study, bone marrow-specific RIPk3 gene knockout homozygotes (RIPk3-/- mice) were established by homologous recombination. The physiological index of peripheral blood, the morphology and structure of the bone marrow, the bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs), the hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs), interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and the colony formation capacity of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells were compared between RIPk3-/- mice and wild-type mice. The results showed that, the cell death rate of BMNCs in RIPk3-/- mice was significantly higher than that in control mice, indicated that RIPk3 gene knockout may cause damage to bone marrow cells to some extent. However, the bone marrow had normal structure and morphology in the bone marrow-specific RIPk3-knockout mice, and there were not significantly different between the two mice in most of the blood physiological indicators, and colony yields of hemopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Further study found that the bone marrow IL-6 level of the RIPk3-/- mice increased significantly, besides, the number of BMNCs and HSCs in the bone marrow of the RIPk3-/- mice increased considerably as compared with the control mice. The findings implies that bone marrow RIPk3 gene knockout may lead to the increase of BMNCs cell death, however, increased secretion of hematopoietic cytokines such as IL-6 may promote the proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and thus maintain the stability of bone marrow hematopoiesis. This hypothesis and the detailed mechanisms remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University Taizhou, China
| | - Xingjing Luo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University Taizhou, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University Taizhou, China
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University Taizhou, China
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Hemmati S, Haque T, Gritsman K. Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Preleukemic and Leukemic Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2017; 7:265. [PMID: 29181334 PMCID: PMC5693908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare subset of bone marrow cells that usually exist in a quiescent state, only entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood compartment, thereby limiting the potential for errors in replication. Inflammatory signals that are released in response to environmental stressors, such as infection, trigger active cycling of HSCs. These inflammatory signals can also directly induce HSCs to release cytokines into the bone marrow environment, promoting myeloid differentiation. After stress myelopoiesis is triggered, HSCs require intracellular signaling programs to deactivate this response and return to steady state. Prolonged or excessive exposure to inflammatory cytokines, such as in prolonged infection or in chronic rheumatologic conditions, can lead to continued HSC cycling and eventual HSC loss. This promotes bone marrow failure, and can precipitate preleukemic states or leukemia through the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes in HSCs. This can occur through the initiation of clonal hematopoiesis, followed by the emergence preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs). In this review, we describe the roles of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways in the generation of pre-LSCs and in progression to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML, activation of some inflammatory signaling pathways can promote the cycling and differentiation of LSCs, and this can be exploited therapeutically. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating inflammatory signaling for the treatment of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayda Hemmati
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tamanna Haque
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kira Gritsman
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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