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Lin TL, Jaiswal AK, Ritter AJ, Reppas J, Tran TM, Neeb ZT, Katzman S, Thaxton ML, Cohen A, Sanford JR, Rao DS. Targeting IGF2BP3 enhances antileukemic effects of menin-MLL inhibition in MLL-AF4 leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:261-275. [PMID: 38048400 PMCID: PMC10824693 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as a novel class of therapeutic targets in cancer, including in leukemia, given their important role in posttranscriptional gene regulation, and have the unexplored potential to be combined with existing therapies. The RBP insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) has been found to be a critical regulator of MLL-AF4 leukemogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target. Here, we study the combined effects of targeting IGF2BP3 and menin-MLL interaction in MLL-AF4-driven leukemia in vitro and in vivo, using genetic inhibition with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of Igf2bp3 and pharmacologic inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction with multiple commercially available inhibitors. Depletion of Igf2bp3 sensitized MLL-AF4 leukemia to the effects of menin-MLL inhibition on cell growth and leukemic initiating cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that both Igf2bp3 depletion and menin-MLL inhibition led to increased differentiation in vitro and in vivo, seen in functional readouts and by gene expression analyses. IGF2BP3 knockdown had a greater effect on increasing survival and attenuating disease than pharmacologic menin-MLL inhibition with small molecule MI-503 alone and showed enhanced antileukemic effects in combination. Our work shows that IGF2BP3 is an oncogenic amplifier of MLL-AF4-mediated leukemogenesis and a potent therapeutic target, providing a paradigm for targeting leukemia at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L. Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexander J. Ritter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Jenna Reppas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiffany M. Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zachary T. Neeb
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Sol Katzman
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Michelle L. Thaxton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amanda Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeremy R. Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Dinesh S. Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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2
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Denford SE, Wilhelm BT. Defining the elusive oncogenic role of the methyltransferase TMT1B. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211540. [PMID: 37456227 PMCID: PMC10339810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferases are enzymes fundamental to a wide range of normal biological activities that can become dysregulated during oncogenesis. For instance, the recent description of the methyltransferase-like (METTL) family of enzymes, has demonstrated the importance of the N6-adenosine-methyltransferase (m6A) modification in transcripts in the context of malignant transformation. Because of their importance, numerous METTL family members have been biochemically characterized to identify their cellular substrates, however some members such as METTL7B, recently renamed TMT1B and which is the subject of this review, remain enigmatic. First identified in the stacked Golgi, TMT1B is also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum as well as lipid droplets and has been reported as being upregulated in a wide range of cancer types including lung cancer, gliomas, and leukemia. Interestingly, despite evidence that TMT1B might act on protein substrates, it has also been shown to act on small molecule alkyl thiol substrates such as hydrogen sulfide, and its loss has been found to affect cellular proliferation and migration. Here we review the current evidence for TMT1B's activity, localization, and potential biological role in the context of both normal and cancerous cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Denford
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian T. Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Lin YC, Sahoo BK, Gau SS, Yang RB. The biology of SCUBE. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:33. [PMID: 37237303 PMCID: PMC10214685 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The SCUBE [Signal peptide-Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB)-Epithelial growth factor domain-containing protein] family consists of three proteins in vertebrates, SCUBE1, 2 and 3, which are highly conserved in zebrafish, mice and humans. Each SCUBE gene encodes a polypeptide of approximately 1000 amino acids that is organized into five modular domains: (1) an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, (2) nine tandem epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats, (3) a large spacer region, (4) three cysteine-rich (CR) motifs, and (5) a CUB domain at the C-terminus. Murine Scube genes are expressed individually or in combination during the development of various tissues, including those in the central nervous system and the axial skeleton. The cDNAs of human SCUBE orthologs were originally cloned from vascular endothelial cells, but SCUBE expression has also been found in platelets, mammary ductal epithelium and osteoblasts. Both soluble and membrane-associated SCUBEs have been shown to play important roles in physiology and pathology. For instance, upregulation of SCUBEs has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and lung cancer. In addition, soluble SCUBE1 is released from activated platelets and can be used as a clinical biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Soluble SCUBE2 enhances distal signaling by facilitating the secretion of dual-lipidated hedgehog from nearby ligand-producing cells in a paracrine manner. Interestingly, the spacer regions and CR motifs can increase or enable SCUBE binding to cell surfaces via electrostatic or glycan-lectin interactions. As such, membrane-associated SCUBEs can function as coreceptors that enhance the signaling activity of various serine/threonine kinase or tyrosine kinase receptors. For example, membrane-associated SCUBE3 functions as a coreceptor that promotes signaling in bone morphogenesis. In humans, SCUBE3 mutations are linked to abnormalities in growth and differentiation of both bones and teeth. In addition to studies on human SCUBE function, experimental results from genetically modified mouse models have yielded important insights in the field of systems biology. In this review, we highlight novel molecular discoveries and critical directions for future research on SCUBE proteins in the context of cancer, skeletal disease and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Charn Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Binay K Sahoo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Shin Gau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Pingul BY, Huang H, Chen Q, Alikarami F, Zhang Z, Qi J, Bernt KM, Berger SL, Cao Z, Shi J. Dissection of the MEF2D-IRF8 transcriptional circuit dependency in acute myeloid leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:105139. [PMID: 36193052 PMCID: PMC9526175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation is a prominent feature in leukemia. Here, we systematically surveyed transcription factor (TF) vulnerabilities in leukemia and uncovered TF clusters that exhibit context-specific vulnerabilities within and between different subtypes of leukemia. Among these TF clusters, we demonstrated that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high IRF8 expression was addicted to MEF2D. MEF2D and IRF8 form an autoregulatory loop via direct binding to mutual enhancer elements. One important function of this circuit in AML is to sustain PU.1/MEIS1 co-regulated transcriptional outputs via stabilizing PU.1’s chromatin occupancy. We illustrated that AML could acquire dependency on this circuit through various oncogenic mechanisms that results in the activation of their enhancers. In addition to forming a circuit, MEF2D and IRF8 can also separately regulate gene expression, and dual perturbation of these two TFs leads to a more robust inhibition of AML proliferation. Collectively, our results revealed a TF circuit essential for AML survival. MEF2D is a context-specific vulnerability in IRF8hi AML MEF2D and IRF8 form a transcriptional circuit via binding to each other’s enhancers MEF2D-IRF8 circuit supports PU.1’s chromatin occupancy and transcriptional output MEF2D and IRF8 can regulate separate gene expression programs alongside the circuit
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5
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Tsao KC, Lin YC, Chen YT, Lai SL, Yang RB. Zebrafish scube1 and scube2 cooperate in promoting Vegfa signaling during embryonic vascularization. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1074-1087. [PMID: 33788916 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The secreted and membrane-anchored SCUBE (signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing proteins) gene family composed of 3 members was originally identified from endothelial cells (ECs). We recently showed that membrane SCUBE2 binds vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and acts as a co-receptor for VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) to modulate EC migration, proliferation and tube formation during postnatal and tumor angiogenesis. However, whether these SCUBE genes cooperate in modulating VEGF signaling during embryonic vascular development remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To further dissect the genetic interactions of these scube genes, transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated genome editing was used to generate knockout (KO) alleles of each scube gene. No overt vascular phenotypes were seen in any single scube KO mutants because of compensation by other scube genes during zebrafish development. However, scube1 and scube2 double KO (DKO) severely impaired EC filopodia extensions, migration, and proliferation, thus disrupting proper vascular lumen formation during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis as well as development of the organ-specific intestinal vasculature. Further genetic, biochemical, and molecular analyses revealed that Scube1 and Scube2 might act cooperatively at the cell-surface receptor level to facilitate Vegfa signaling during zebrafish embryonic vascularization. CONCLUSIONS We showed for the first time that cooperation between scube1 and scube2 is critical for proper regulation of angiogenic cell behaviors and formation of functional vessels during zebrafish embryonic development. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Our studies indicate that targeting SCUBE1 and/or SCUBE2 on modulating VEGF signaling might provide potential therapeutic treatments or VEGF-mediated proliferative pathological vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Chi Tsao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Charn Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lei Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Milan T, Celton M, Lagacé K, Roques É, Safa-Tahar-Henni S, Bresson E, Bergeron A, Hebert J, Meshinchi S, Cellot S, Barabé F, Wilhelm BT. Epigenetic changes in human model KMT2A leukemias highlight early events during leukemogenesis. Haematologica 2020; 107:86-99. [PMID: 33375773 PMCID: PMC8719083 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the KMT2A gene are among the most common genetic alterations found in pediatric acute myeloid leukemias although the molecular mechanisms that initiate the disease remain incompletely defined. To elucidate these initiating events we used a human model system of acute myeloid leukemia driven by the KMT2A-MLLT3 (KM3) fusion. More specifically, we investigated changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility at each stage of our model system and correlated these with expression changes. We observed the development of a pronounced hypomethyl - ation phenotype in the early stages of leukemic transformation after KM3 addition along with loss of expression of stem-cell-associated genes and skewed expression of other genes, such as S100A8/9, implicated in leukemogenesis. In addition, early increases in the expression of the lysine demethylase KDM4B was functionally linked to these expression changes as well as other key transcription factors. Remarkably, our ATAC-sequencing data showed that there were relatively few leukemia-specific changes and that the vast majority corresponded to open chromatin regions and transcription factor clusters previously observed in other cell types. Integration of the gene expression and epigenetic changes revealed that the adenylate cyclase gene ADCY9 is an essential gene in KM3-acute myeloid leukemia, and suggested the potential for autocrine signaling through the chemokine receptor CCR1 and CCL23 ligand. Collectively, our results suggest that KM3 induces subtle changes in the epigenome while co-opting the normal transcriptional machinery to drive leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milan
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Magalie Celton
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Karine Lagacé
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Élodie Roques
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Safia Safa-Tahar-Henni
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Eva Bresson
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Anne Bergeron
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Josée Hebert
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Department of pediatrics, division of Hematology, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.
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Kim BR, Jung SH, Han AR, Park G, Kim HJ, Yuan B, Battula VL, Andreeff M, Konopleva M, Chung YJ, Cho BS. CXCR4 Inhibition Enhances Efficacy of FLT3 Inhibitors in FLT3-Mutated AML Augmented by Suppressed TGF-b Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071737. [PMID: 32629802 PMCID: PMC7407511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the proven importance of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the stroma–acute myeloid leukemia (AML) interactions and the rapid emergence of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel CXCR4 inhibitor, LY2510924, in combination with FLT3 inhibitors in preclinical models of AML with FLT3-ITD mutations (FLT3-ITD-AML). Quizartinib, a potent FLT3 inhibitor, induced apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-AML, while LY2510924 blocked surface CXCR4 without inducing apoptosis. LY2510924 significantly reversed stroma-mediated resistance against quizartinib mainly through the MAPK pathway. In mice with established FLT3-ITD-AML, LY2510924 induced durable mobilization and differentiation of leukemia cells, resulting in enhanced anti-leukemia effects when combined with quizartinib, whereas transient effects were seen on non-leukemic blood cells in immune-competent mice. Sequencing of the transcriptome of the leukemic cells surviving in vivo treatment with quizartinib and LY2510924 revealed that genes related to TGF-β signaling may confer resistance against the drug combination. In co-culture experiments of FLT3-ITD-AML and stromal cells, both silencing of TGF-β in stromal cells or TGF-β-receptor kinase inhibitor enhanced apoptosis by combined treatment. Disruption of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in FLT3-ITD-AML by LY2510924 and its negligible effects on normal immunocytes could safely enhance the potency of quizartinib, which may be further improved by blockade of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Reum Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (A.-R.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (A.-R.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (A.-R.H.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Bin Yuan
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Y.); (V.L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Y.); (V.L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Y.); (V.L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (B.-S.C.)
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (B.-R.K.); (A.-R.H.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.Y.); (V.L.B.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (B.-S.C.)
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Effective drug treatment identified by in vivo screening in a transplantable patient-derived xenograft model of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:2951-2963. [PMID: 32576961 PMCID: PMC7116758 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To establish novel and effective treatment combinations for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) preclinically, we hypothesized that supplementation of CMML cells with the human oncogene Meningioma 1 (MN1) promotes expansion and serial transplantability in mice, while maintaining the functional dependencies of these cells on their original genetic profile. Using lentiviral expression of MN1 for oncogenic supplementation and transplanting transduced primary mononuclear CMML cells into immunocompromised mice, we established three serially transplantable CMML-PDX models with disease-related gene mutations that recapitulate the disease in vivo. Ectopic MN1 expression was confirmed to enhance the proliferation of CMML cells, which otherwise did not engraft upon secondary transplantation. Furthermore, MN1-supplemented CMML cells were serially transplantable into recipient mice up to 5 generations. This robust engraftment enabled an in vivo RNA interference screening targeting CMML-related mutated genes including NRAS, confirming that their functional relevance is preserved in the presence of MN1. The novel combination treatment with azacitidine and the MEK-inhibitor trametinib additively inhibited ERK-phosphorylation and thus depleted the signal from mutated NRAS. The combination treatment significantly prolonged survival of CMML mice compared to single-agent treatment. Thus, we identified the combination of azacitidine and trametinib as an effective treatment in NRAS-mutated CMML and propose its clinical development.
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9
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Cardin S, Bilodeau M, Roussy M, Aubert L, Milan T, Jouan L, Rouette A, Laramée L, Gendron P, Duchaine J, Decaluwe H, Spinella JF, Mourad S, Couture F, Sinnett D, Haddad É, Landry JR, Ma J, Humphries RK, Roux PP, Hébert J, Gruber TA, Wilhelm BT, Cellot S. Human models of NUP98-KDM5A megakaryocytic leukemia in mice contribute to uncovering new biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Blood Adv 2019; 3:3307-3321. [PMID: 31698461 PMCID: PMC6855103 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) represents ∼10% of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cases and typically affects young children (<3 years of age). It remains plagued with extremely poor treatment outcomes (<40% cure rates), mostly due to primary chemotherapy refractory disease and/or early relapse. Recurrent and mutually exclusive chimeric fusion oncogenes have been detected in 60% to 70% of cases and include nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene rearrangements, most commonly NUP98-KDM5A. Human models of NUP98-KDM5A-driven AMKL capable of faithfully recapitulating the disease have been lacking, and patient samples are rare, further limiting biomarkers and drug discovery. To overcome these impediments, we overexpressed NUP98-KDM5A in human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using a lentiviral-based approach to create physiopathologically relevant disease models. The NUP98-KDM5A fusion oncogene was a potent inducer of maturation arrest, sustaining long-term proliferative and progenitor capacities of engineered cells in optimized culture conditions. Adoptive transfer of NUP98-KDM5A-transformed cells into immunodeficient mice led to multiple subtypes of leukemia, including AMKL, that phenocopy human disease phenotypically and molecularly. The integrative molecular characterization of synthetic and patient NUP98-KDM5A AMKL samples revealed SELP, MPIG6B, and NEO1 as distinctive and novel disease biomarkers. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses pointed to upregulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the model AMKL. Both synthetic models and patient-derived xenografts of NUP98-rearranged AMKL showed in vitro therapeutic vulnerability to ruxolitinib, a clinically approved JAK2 inhibitor. Overall, synthetic human AMKL models contribute to defining functional dependencies of rare genotypes of high-fatality pediatric leukemia, which lack effective and rationally designed treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Computational Biology/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Profiling
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/therapy
- Mice
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2/genetics
- Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cardin
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bilodeau
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roussy
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
| | - Léo Aubert
- Cell Signaling and Proteomics Research Unit, and
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Milan
- Laboratory for High-Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Loubna Jouan
- Integrated Centre for Pediatric Clinical Genomics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Rouette
- Integrated Centre for Pediatric Clinical Genomics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Laramée
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Platform, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Duchaine
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Spinella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Mourad
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Françoise Couture
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Élie Haddad
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josette-Renée Landry
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Streamline Genomics, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Laboratory for High-Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, and
- Québec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Laboratory for High-Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Québec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
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10
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Pincez T, Landry J, Roussy M, Jouan L, Bilodeau M, Laramée L, Couture F, Sinnett D, Gendron P, Hébert J, Oligny L, Rouette A, Tran TH, Wilhelm BT, Bittencourt H, Cellot S. Cryptic recurrent
ACIN1
‐
NUTM1
fusions in non‐
KMT2A
‐rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 59:125-130. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pincez
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Josette‐Renée Landry
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Streamline Genomics Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Mathieu Roussy
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Loubna Jouan
- Integrated Centre for Pediatric Clinical Genomics, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Mélanie Bilodeau
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Louise Laramée
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Françoise Couture
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Division of HematologyMaisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montréal Québec Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montréal Québec Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Luc Oligny
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of PathologyCHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Alexandre Rouette
- Integrated Centre for Pediatric Clinical Genomics, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Thai H. Tran
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Brian T. Wilhelm
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, IRIC, Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Henrique Bittencourt
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DivisionCharles‐Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte‐Justine Montréal Québec Canada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Hospital Montréal Québec Canada
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11
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Cornet-Masana JM, Banús-Mulet A, Carbó JM, Torrente MÁ, Guijarro F, Cuesta-Casanovas L, Esteve J, Risueño RM. Dual lysosomal-mitochondrial targeting by antihistamines to eradicate leukaemic cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:221-234. [PMID: 31473184 PMCID: PMC6796581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite great efforts to identify druggable molecular targets for AML, there remains an unmet need for more effective therapies. Methods An in silico screening was performed using Connectivity Maps to identify FDA-approved drugs that may revert an early leukaemic transformation gene signature. Hit compounds were validated in AML cell lines. Cytotoxic effects were assessed both in primary AML patient samples and healthy donor blood cells. Xenotransplantation assays were undertaken to determine the effect on engraftment of hit compounds. The mechanism of action responsible for the antileukaemic effect was studied focussing on lysosomes and mitochondria. Findings We identified a group of antihistamines (termed ANHAs) with distinct physicochemical properties associated with their cationic-amphiphilic nature, that selectively killed leukaemic cells. ANHAs behaved as antileukaemic agents against primary AML samples ex vivo, sparing healthy cells. Moreover, ANHAs severely impaired the in vivo leukaemia regeneration capacity. ANHAs' cytotoxicity relied on simultaneous mitochondrial and lysosomal disruption and induction of autophagy and apoptosis. The pharmacological effect was exerted based on their physicochemical properties that permitted the passive targeting of both organelles, without the involvement of active molecular recognition. Interpretation Dual targeting of lysosomes and mitochondria constitutes a new promising therapeutic approach for leukaemia treatment, supporting the further clinical development. Fund This work was funded by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (RMR), CaixaImpulse (RMR), the Spanish Ministry of Economy (RMR), the Josep Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation (RMR), l'Obra Social “La Caixa” (RMR), and Generalitat de Catalunya (IJC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Cornet-Masana
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC). Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antònia Banús-Mulet
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC). Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Carbó
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC). Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Torrente
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Haematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Guijarro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Haematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Cuesta-Casanovas
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC). Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Esteve
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC). Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Haematology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth M Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC). Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Milan T, Canaj H, Villeneuve C, Ghosh A, Barabé F, Cellot S, Wilhelm BT. Pediatric leukemia: Moving toward more accurate models. Exp Hematol 2019; 74:1-12. [PMID: 31154068 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a complex genetic disease caused by errors in differentiation, growth, and apoptosis of hematopoietic cells in either lymphoid or myeloid lineages. Large-scale genomic characterization of thousands of leukemia patients has produced a tremendous amount of data that have enabled a better understanding of the differences between adult and pediatric patients. For instance, although phenotypically similar, pediatric and adult myeloid leukemia patients differ in their mutational profiles, typically involving either chromosomal translocations or recurrent single-base-pair mutations, respectively. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of this cancer, continual efforts have been made to develop more contextually and biologically relevant experimental models. Leukemic cell lines, for example, provide an inexpensive and tractable model but often fail to recapitulate critical aspects of tumor biology. Likewise, murine leukemia models of leukemia have been highly informative but also do not entirely reproduce the human disease. More recent advances in the development of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) or human models of leukemias are poised to provide a more comprehensive, and biologically relevant, approach to directly assess the impact of the in vivo environment on human samples. In this review, the advantages and limitations of the various current models used to functionally define the genetic requirements of leukemogenesis are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milan
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hera Canaj
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloe Villeneuve
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec Hôpital Enfant-Jésus, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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13
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MLL leukemia induction by t(9;11) chromosomal translocation in human hematopoietic stem cells using genome editing. Blood Adv 2019; 2:832-845. [PMID: 29650777 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017013748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing provides a potential approach to model de novo leukemogenesis in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) through induction of chromosomal translocations by targeted DNA double-strand breaks. However, very low efficiency of translocations and lack of markers for translocated cells serve as barriers to their characterization and model development. Here, we used transcription activator-like effector nucleases to generate t(9;11) chromosomal translocations encoding MLL-AF9 and reciprocal AF9-MLL fusion products in CD34+ human cord blood cells. Selected cytokine combinations enabled monoclonal outgrowth and immortalization of initially rare translocated cells, which were distinguished by elevated MLL target gene expression, high surface CD9 expression, and increased colony-forming ability. Subsequent transplantation into immune-compromised mice induced myeloid leukemias within 48 weeks, whose pathologic and molecular features extensively overlap with de novo patient MLL-rearranged leukemias. No secondary pathogenic mutations were revealed by targeted exome sequencing and whole genome RNA-sequencing analyses, suggesting the genetic sufficiency of t(9;11) translocation for leukemia development from human HSPCs. Thus, genome editing enables modeling of human acute MLL-rearranged leukemia in vivo, reflecting the genetic simplicity of this disease, and provides an experimental platform for biological and disease-modeling applications.
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14
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Rowe RG, Lummertz da Rocha E, Sousa P, Missios P, Morse M, Marion W, Yermalovich A, Barragan J, Mathieu R, Jha DK, Fleming MD, North TE, Daley GQ. The developmental stage of the hematopoietic niche regulates lineage in MLL-rearranged leukemia. J Exp Med 2019; 216:527-538. [PMID: 30728174 PMCID: PMC6400531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia phenotypes vary with age of onset. Delineating mechanisms of age specificity in leukemia could improve disease models and uncover new therapeutic approaches. Here, we used heterochronic transplantation of leukemia driven by MLL/KMT2A translocations to investigate the contribution of the age of the hematopoietic microenvironment to age-specific leukemia phenotypes. When driven by MLL-AF9, leukemia cells in the adult microenvironment sustained a myeloid phenotype, whereas the neonatal microenvironment supported genesis of mixed early B cell/myeloid leukemia. In MLL-ENL leukemia, the neonatal microenvironment potentiated B-lymphoid differentiation compared with the adult. Ccl5 elaborated from adult marrow stroma inhibited B-lymphoid differentiation of leukemia cells, illuminating a mechanism of age-specific lineage commitment. Our study illustrates the contribution of the developmental stage of the hematopoietic microenvironment in defining the age specificity of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Patricia Sousa
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Pavlos Missios
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Morse
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - William Marion
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Ronald Mathieu
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mark D Fleming
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
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15
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Manley PW, Caravatti G, Furet P, Roesel J, Tran P, Wagner T, Wartmann M. Comparison of the Kinase Profile of Midostaurin (Rydapt) with That of Its Predominant Metabolites and the Potential Relevance of Some Newly Identified Targets to Leukemia Therapy. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5576-5590. [PMID: 30148617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multitargeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin is approved for the treatment of both newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and KIT-driven advanced systemic mastocytosis. AML is a heterogeneous malignancy, and investigational drugs targeting FLT3 have shown disparate effects in patients with FLT3-mutated AML, probably as a result of their inhibiting different targets and pathways at the administered doses. However, the efficacy and side effects of drugs do not just reflect the biochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of the parent compound but are often comprised of complex cooperative effects between the properties of the parent and active metabolites. Following chronic dosing, two midostaurin metabolites attain steady-state plasma trough levels greater than that of the parent drug. In this study, we characterized these metabolites and determined their profiles as kinase inhibitors using radiometric transphosphorylation assays. Like midostaurin, the metabolites potently inhibit mutant forms of FLT3 and KIT and several additional kinases that either are directly involved in the deregulated signaling pathways or have been implicated as playing a role in AML via stromal support, such as IGF1R, LYN, PDPK1, RET, SYK, TRKA, and VEGFR2. Consequently, a complex interplay between the kinase activities of midostaurin and its metabolites is likely to contribute to the efficacy of midostaurin in AML and helps to engender the distinctive effects of the drug compared to those of other FLT3 inhibitors in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Manley
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Caravatti
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Johannes Roesel
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Phi Tran
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , East Hanover , New Jersey 07936 , United States
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus Wartmann
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Novartis International AG , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
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16
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RET-mediated autophagy suppression as targetable co-dependence in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:2189-2202. [PMID: 29654265 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many cases of AML are associated with mutational activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as FLT3. However, RTK inhibitors have limited clinical efficacy as single agents, indicating that AML is driven by concomitant activation of different signaling molecules. We used a functional genomic approach to identify RET, encoding an RTK, as an essential gene in multiple subtypes of AML, and observed that AML cells show activation of RET signaling via ARTN/GFRA3 and NRTN/GFRA2 ligand/co-receptor complexes. Interrogation of downstream pathways identified mTORC1-mediated suppression of autophagy and subsequent stabilization of leukemogenic drivers such as mutant FLT3 as important RET effectors. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacologic RET inhibition impaired the growth of FLT3-dependent AML cell lines and was accompanied by upregulation of autophagy and FLT3 depletion. RET dependence was also evident in mouse models of AML and primary AML patient samples, and transcriptome and immunohistochemistry analyses identified elevated RET mRNA levels and co-expression of RET and FLT3 proteins in a substantial proportion of AML patients. Our results indicate that RET-mTORC1 signaling promotes AML through autophagy suppression, suggesting that targeting RET or, more broadly, depletion of leukemogenic drivers via autophagy induction provides a therapeutic opportunity in a relevant subset of AML patients.
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17
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Lagacé K, Barabé F, Hébert J, Cellot S, Wilhelm BT. Identification of novel biomarkers for MLL- translocated acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 56:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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