1
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Hamley M, Leyk S, Casar C, Liebold I, Jawazneh AA, Lanzloth C, Böttcher M, Haas H, Richardt U, Rothlin CV, Jacobs T, Huber S, Adlung L, Pelczar P, Henao-Mejia J, Bosurgi L. Nmes1 is a novel regulator of mucosal response influencing intestinal healing potential. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350434. [PMID: 37971166 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of tissue remodeling following damage is a critical step in preventing the development of immune-mediated diseases. Several factors contribute to mucosal healing, leading to innovative therapeutic approaches for managing intestinal disorders. However, uncovering alternative targets and gaining mechanistic insights are imperative to enhance therapy efficacy and broaden its applicability across different intestinal diseases. Here we demonstrate that Nmes1, encoding for Normal Mucosa of Esophagus-Specific gene 1, also known as Aa467197, is a novel regulator of mucosal healing. Nmes1 influences the macrophage response to the tissue remodeling cytokine IL-4 in vitro. In addition, using two murine models of intestinal damage, each characterized by a type 2-dominated environment with contrasting functions, the ablation of Nmes1 results in decreased intestinal regeneration during the recovery phase of colitis, while enhancing parasitic egg clearance and reducing fibrosis during the advanced stages of Schistosoma mansoni infection. These outcomes are associated with alterations in CX3CR1+ macrophages, cells known for their wound-healing potential in the inflamed colon, hence promising candidates for cell therapies. All in all, our data indicate Nmes1 as a novel contributor to mucosal healing, setting the basis for further investigation into its potential as a new target for the treatment of colon-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Hamley
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Leyk
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Liebold
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amirah Al Jawazneh
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Lanzloth
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Böttcher
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulricke Richardt
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adlung
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope Pelczar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- The Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Role of CD1d and iNKT cells in regulating intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1343718. [PMID: 38274786 PMCID: PMC10808723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1343718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a subset of unconventional T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens in a CD1d-dependent manner, are crucial in regulating diverse immune responses such as autoimmunity. By engaging with CD1d-expressing non-immune cells (such as intestinal epithelial cells and enterochromaffin cells) and immune cells (such as type 3 innate lymphoid cells, B cells, monocytes and macrophages), iNKT cells contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the impact of iNKT cells and CD1d in the regulation of intestinal inflammation, examining both cellular and molecular factors with the potential to influence the functions of iNKT cells in inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Li X, Xiu X, Su R, Ma S, Li Z, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Ma F. Immune cell receptor-specific nanoparticles as a potent adjuvant for nasal split influenza vaccine delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:125101. [PMID: 38100843 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal delivery systems have gained much attention as effective way for antigen delivery that induces both systemic and mucosal immunity. However, mucosal vaccination faces the challenges of mucus barrier and effective antigen uptake and presentation. In particular, split, subunit and recombinant protein vaccines that do not have an intact pathogen structure lack the efficiency to stimulate mucosal immunity. In this study, poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) block copolymers were modified by mannose to form a PLGA-PEG-Man conjugate (mannose modified PLGA-PEG), which were characterized. The novel nanoparticles (NPs) prepared with this material had a particle size of about 150 nm and a zeta potential of -15 mV, and possessed ideal mucus permeability, immune cell targeting, stability and low toxicity. Finally, PLGA-PEG-Man nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-Man NPs) were successfully applied for intranasal delivery of split influenza vaccine in rat for the first time, which triggered strong systemic and mucosal immune responses. These studies suggest that PLGA-PEG-Man NPs could function as competitive potential nano-adjuvants to address the challenge of inefficient mucosal delivery of non-allopathogenic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Xiu
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences; and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences; and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengsen Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Deqing 313216, People's Republic of China
- Micro-nano Scale Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China
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4
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Guillaume J, Leufgen A, Hager FT, Pabst O, Cerovic V. MHCII expression on gut macrophages supports T cell homeostasis and is regulated by microbiota and ontogeny. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1509. [PMID: 36707699 PMCID: PMC9883227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are traditionally considered antigen-presenting cells. However, their ability to present antigen and the factors regulating macrophage MHCII expression are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that MHCII expression on murine intestinal macrophages is differentially controlled by their residence in the small intestine (SI) or the colon, their ontogeny and the gut microbiota. Monocyte-derived macrophages are uniformly MHCIIhi, independently of the tissue of residence, microbial status or the age of the mouse, suggesting a common monocyte differentiation pathway. In contrast, MHCII expression on long-lived, prenatally-derived Tim4+ macrophages is low after birth but significantly increases at weaning in both SI and colon. Furthermore, MHCII expression on colonic Tim4+, but not monocyte-derived macrophages, is dependent on recognition of microbial stimuli, as MHCII expression is significantly downregulated in germ-free, antibiotic-treated and MyD88 deficient mice. To address the function of MHCII presentation by intestinal macrophages we established two models of macrophage-specific MHCII deficiency. We observed a significant reduction in the overall frequency and number of tissue-resident, but not newly arrived, SI CD4+ T cells in the absence of macrophage-expressed MHCII. Our data suggest that macrophage MHCII provides signals regulating gut CD4+ T cell maintenance with different requirements in the SI and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Guillaume
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Leufgen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian T Hager
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Elfiky AMI, Ghiboub M, Li Yim AYF, Hageman IL, Verhoeff J, de Krijger M, van Hamersveld PHP, Welting O, Admiraal I, Rahman S, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Wildenberg ME, Tomlinson L, Gregory R, Rioja I, Prinjha RK, Furze RC, Lewis HD, Mander PK, Heinsbroek SEM, Bell MJ, de Jonge WJ. Carboxylesterase-1 Assisted Targeting of HDAC Inhibitors to Mononuclear Myeloid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:668-681. [PMID: 34633041 PMCID: PMC9089418 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Histone deacetylase inhibitors [HDACi] exert potent anti-inflammatory effects. Because of the ubiquitous expression of HDACs, clinical utility of HDACi is limited by off-target effects. Esterase-sensitive motif [ESM] technology aims to deliver ESM-conjugated compounds to human mononuclear myeloid cells, based on their expression of carboxylesterase 1 [CES1]. This study aims to investigate utility of an ESM-tagged HDACi in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS CES1 expression was assessed in human blood, in vitro differentiated macrophage and dendritic cells, and Crohn's disease [CD] colon mucosa, by mass cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ESM-HDAC528 intracellular retention was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Clinical efficacy of ESM-HDAC528 was tested in dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis and T cell transfer colitis models using transgenic mice expressing human CES1 under the CD68 promoter. RESULTS CES1 mRNA was highly expressed in human blood CD14+ monocytes, in vitro differentiated and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-stimulated macrophages, and dendritic cells. Specific hydrolysis and intracellular retention of ESM-HDAC528 in CES1+ cells was demonstrated. ESM-HDAC528 inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α production 1000 times more potently than its control, HDAC800, in CES1high monocytes. In healthy donor peripheral blood, CES1 expression was significantly higher in CD14++CD16- monocytes compared with CD14+CD16++ monocytes. In CD-inflamed colon, a higher number of mucosal CD68+ macrophages expressed CES1 compared with non-inflamed mucosa. In vivo, ESM-HDAC528 reduced monocyte differentiation in the colon and significantly improved colitis in a T cell transfer model, while having limited potential in ameliorating DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that monocytes and inflammatory macrophages specifically express CES1, and can be preferentially targeted by ESM-HDAC528 to achieve therapeutic benefit in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M I Elfiky
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Andrew Y F Li Yim
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ishtu L Hageman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon de Krijger
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia H P van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Admiraal
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shafaque Rahman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Tomlinson
- Discovery DMPK, IVIVT, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Richard Gregory
- Discovery DMPK, IVIVT, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Rebecca C Furze
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Huw D Lewis
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Sigrid E M Heinsbroek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Bell
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Advancedoral vaccine delivery strategies for improving the immunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113928. [PMID: 34411689 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to inflict a high global disease burden. The consensus is that vaccination is the most effective option against infectious diseases. Oral vaccines have unique advantages in the prevention of global pandemics due to their ease of use, high compliance, low cost, and the ability to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses. However, challenges of adapting vaccines for oral administration remain significant. Foremost among these are enzymatic and pH-dependent degradation of antigens in the stomach and intestines, the low permeability of mucus barrier, the nonspecific uptake of antigens at the intestinal mucosal site, and the immune suppression result from the elusive immune tolerance mechanisms. Innovative delivery techniques promise great potential for improving the flexibility and efficiency of oral vaccines. A better understanding of the delivery approaches and the immunological mechanisms of oral vaccine delivery systems may provide new scientific insight and tools for developing the next-generation oral vaccine. Here, an overview of the advanced technologies in the field of oral vaccination is proposed, including mucus-penetrating nanoparticle (NP), mucoadhesive delivery vehicles, targeting antigen-presenting cell (APC) nanocarriers and enhanced paracellular delivery strategies and so on. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of delivery vectors interact with mucosal barriers are discussed.
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7
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Kaya B, Doñas C, Wuggenig P, Diaz OE, Morales RA, Melhem H, Hernández PP, Kaymak T, Das S, Hruz P, Franc Y, Geier F, Ayata CK, Villablanca EJ, Niess JH. Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated GPR35 Signaling in CX3CR1 + Macrophages Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107979. [PMID: 32755573 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) are associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the mechanisms by which GPR35 modulates intestinal immune homeostasis remain undefined. Here, integrating zebrafish and mouse experimental models, we demonstrate that intestinal Gpr35 expression is microbiota dependent and enhanced upon inflammation. Moreover, murine GPR35+ colonic macrophages are characterized by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We identify lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a potential endogenous ligand produced during intestinal inflammation, acting through GPR35 to induce tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) expression in macrophages. Mice lacking Gpr35 in CX3CR1+ macrophages aggravate colitis when exposed to dextran sodium sulfate, which is associated with decreased transcript levels of the corticosterone-generating gene Cyp11b1 and macrophage-derived Tnf. Administration of TNF in these mice restores Cyp11b1 expression and intestinal corticosterone production and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Our findings indicate that LPA signals through GPR35 in CX3CR1+ macrophages to maintain TNF-mediated intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Kaya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Doñas
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Wuggenig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oscar E Diaz
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo A Morales
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro P Hernández
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215, Development and Homeostasis of Mucosal Tissues Group, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tanay Kaymak
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srustidhar Das
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petr Hruz
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Franc
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Geier
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Korcan Ayata
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Li J, Zhou H, Fu X, Zhang M, Sun F, Fan H. Dynamic role of macrophage CX3CR1 expression in inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol Lett 2021; 232:39-44. [PMID: 33582183 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is featured by overactive immune response and enduring course of unrestrained colitis. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors are fundamental in disease progression. Notably, microbiota dysregulation and its interaction with host mucosal barrier perplex disease phenotype. Under experimental setting, distinct mouse models are established to mimic human colitis process, including infection induced dysbiosis, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) etc. induced barrier destruction, anti-CD40 L induced innate immunity dominant colitis and T cell transfer colitis model. Thus, from a more detailed aspect, IBD is heterogeneous and can be further classified into different subtypes based on the specific etiological pathways. As a typical inflammatory disorder, various immune cell types are involved in IBD pathogenesis. Among them, macrophages are believed to play a pivotal role. CX3CR1+ macrophages, deriving from peripheral patrolling CD14+ Ly6Chi monocytes, are specified cell population dwelling in the gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that CX3CR1+ macrophages are critical for mucosal homeostasis and IBD pathogenesis, while some conflicts exist in current studies with both protective and harmful effects being revealed. Herein, we reviewed published literatures and found that the observed discrepancies stem from many aspects: the expression level of CX3CR1, the confounding dendritic cell subsets and most importantly, the different colitis stages and subtypes. Overall, CX3CR1 targeting strategy could be powerful weapon in fighting against colitis, but at the same time, the precise etiological and pathological mechanisms should be cautiously examined concerning the appropriate usage of CX3CR1 targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Li X, Liu J, Zhang W, Wu Y, Li J, Foda MF, Han H. Biogenic Hybrid Nanosheets Activated Photothermal Therapy and Promoted Anti-PD-L1 Efficacy for Synergetic Antitumor Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29122-29132. [PMID: 32501679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria show promise for use in the field of combination cancer therapy because of their abilities to accumulate in tumors and their roles as natural immunologic adjuvants. However, the huge size of bacteria decreases their chances of being delivered into tumor cells. Moreover, their toxins may cause systemic toxicity in living organisms. Here, we proposed a method to in situ synthesize Au nanoparticles on the surface of Escherichia coli (E. coli), followed by sonication to acquire Au nanoparticles loaded membrane nanosheets (AuMNs) for use in photothermal and combination cancer therapy. Compared to E. coli-loaded Au nanoparticles (E. coli@Au), the small size of membrane nanosheets can be successfully delivered into tumor cells. In addition, the enrichment of AuMNs in tumor site is significantly enhanced via EPR effect, facilitating to activate photothermal conversion under 808 nm laser. Besides, the function of bacteria as natural immunologic adjuvants to promote anti-PD-L1 efficacy is still retained in AuMNs, while the inflammation and damage to viscera caused by AuMNs were milder than E. coli@Au. This study aims to decrease the systemic toxicity of bacteria and promote anti-PD-L1 efficacy in bacteria-mediated combination therapy, so as to open up a new avenue for drug delivery via natural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mohamed F Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Madel MB, Ibáñez L, Ciucci T, Halper J, Rouleau M, Boutin A, Hue C, Duroux-Richard I, Apparailly F, Garchon HJ, Wakkach A, Blin-Wakkach C. Dissecting the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of mouse inflammatory osteoclasts by the expression of Cx3cr1. eLife 2020; 9:54493. [PMID: 32400390 PMCID: PMC7220377 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction relies on interactions between bone and immune cells. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) were recently identified as innate immune cells activating T cells toward tolerance or inflammation. Thus, pathological bone destruction not only relies on increased osteoclast differentiation, but also on the presence of inflammatory OCLs (i-OCLs), part of which express Cx3cr1. Here, we investigated the contribution of mouse Cx3cr1+ and Cx3cr1neg i-OCLs to bone loss. We showed that Cx3cr1+ and Cx3cr1neg i-OCLs differ considerably in transcriptional and functional aspects. Cx3cr1neg i-OCLs have a high ability to resorb bone and activate inflammatory CD4+ T cells. Although Cx3cr1+ i-OCLs are associated with inflammation, they resorb less and have in vitro an immune-suppressive effect on Cx3cr1neg i-OCLs, mediated by PD-L1. Our results provide new insights into i-OCL heterogeneity. They also reveal that different i-OCL subsets may interact to regulate inflammation. This contributes to a better understanding and prevention of inflammatory bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Bernadette Madel
- Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, CNRS, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lidia Ibáñez
- Department of Pharmacy, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Julia Halper
- Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, CNRS, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, CNRS, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Boutin
- Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, CNRS, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Christophe Hue
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | | | - Henri-Jean Garchon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,Genetics division, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, CNRS, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire, CNRS, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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11
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Escudero-Hernández C, Martín Á, de Pedro Andrés R, Fernández-Salazar L, Garrote JA, Bernardo D, Arranz E. Circulating Dendritic Cells from Celiac Disease Patients Display a Gut-Homing Profile and are Differentially Modulated by Different Gliadin-Derived Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900989. [PMID: 31970917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circulating dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte subsets contribute to the pool of intestinal DC and macrophages in celiac disease (CeD), an autoimmune gut disorder triggered by dietary gluten. Here, this study aims to characterize these circulating subsets in CeD and assess the effect of different gliadin-derived peptides on conventional DC (cDC). METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals a slight decrease in the proportion of plasmacytoid and type 1 cDC in gluten-free diet (GFD)-treated CeD patients. In comparison to healthy donors, DC and monocyte subsets from active and GFD-treated CeD patients display an increased gut-homing profile. Type 2 cDC (cDC2) are sorted and stimulated with the gliadin-derived peptides 8-mer, 19-mer, and 33-mer. All peptides induce cDC2 maturation, although the profile is different. While peptide 8-mer induces a Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in active CeD patients, cDC2 primed with peptide 33-mer displays a higher capacity to promote gut-homing CCR9+ expression onto autologous T-cells. CONCLUSION Distinct gliadin-derived peptides elicit different effects on cDC2 phenotype and function. This effect is compatible with a model where diverse gliadin peptides may cooperate to promote full cDC2 activation and the subsequent T-cell response in genetically predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Escudero-Hernández
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Martín
- Flow Cytometry facility. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo de Pedro Andrés
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Salazar
- Digestive Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, C/ Dulzaina 2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
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12
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Pool L, Rivollier A, Agace WW. Deletion of IRF4 in Dendritic Cells Leads to Delayed Onset of T Cell-Dependent Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1047-1055. [PMID: 31900340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDC) can be classified into two major subsets: Irf8-dependent cDC1 and Irf4-expressing cDC2. Although these subsets play distinct roles in intestinal immune homeostasis, their functions in T cell-driven colitis remain unknown. To assess the role of IRF4 expression in cDC2 in T cell-driven colitis, CD11c-Cre.Irf4 fl/fl and Irf4 fl/fl mice were backcrossed onto a Rag-1 -/- background and used as recipients of CD45RBhiCD4+ T cells. Colitis score and innate immune cell influx were reduced in Cre+ mice 4 wk posttransfer, and these changes were associated with reduced CD4+ T cell counts in both the mesenteric lymph nodes and colon. By 7 wk, colitis score and colon CD4+ T cell numbers were similar in Cre+ and Cre- mice despite a selective reduction in Th17 cells in the colon of Cre+ mice and a continued reduction in CD4+ T cell numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes. Cotransfer of CD25+CD45RBlo CD4+ T cells prevented CD45RBhiCD4+ T cell-driven colitis in both Cre+ and Cre- recipients, demonstrating that IRF4 expression by cDC is not required for CD4+ regulatory T cell-mediated control of colitis. Collectively these results suggest a role for IRF4 expression in cDC2 in the generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells, which becomes redundant as colitis progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieneke Pool
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - William W Agace
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and .,Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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13
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A three-dimensional immunocompetent intestine-on-chip model as in vitro platform for functional and microbial interaction studies. Biomaterials 2019; 220:119396. [PMID: 31398556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the microbial composition in the gut and the concomitant dysregulation of the mucosal immune response are associated with the pathogenesis of opportunistic infections, chronic inflammation, and inflammatory bowel disease. To create a platform for the investigation of the underlying mechanisms, we established a three-dimensional microphysiological model of the human intestine. This model resembles organotypic microanatomical structures and includes tissue resident innate immune cells exhibiting features of mucosal macrophages and dendritic cells. The model displays the physiological immune tolerance of the intestinal lumen to microbial-associated molecular patterns and can, therefore, be colonised with living microorganisms. Functional studies on microbial interaction between probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus and the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans show that pre-colonization of the intestinal lumen of the model by L. rhamnosus reduces C. albicans-induced tissue damage, lowers its translocation, and limits fungal burden. We demonstrate that microbial interactions can be efficiently investigated using the in vitro model creating a more physiological and immunocompetent microenvironment. The intestinal model allows a detailed characterisation of the immune response, microbial pathogenicity mechanisms, and quantification of cellular dysfunction attributed to alterations in the microbial composition.
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14
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Bauché D, Joyce-Shaikh B, Jain R, Grein J, Ku KS, Blumenschein WM, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Wilson DC, McClanahan TK, Malefyt RDW, Macpherson AJ, Annamalai L, Yearley JH, Cua DJ. LAG3 + Regulatory T Cells Restrain Interleukin-23-Producing CX3CR1 + Gut-Resident Macrophages during Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Driven Colitis. Immunity 2018; 49:342-352.e5. [PMID: 30097293 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) maintains gut homeostasis but can also promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The regulation of ILC3-dependent colitis remains to be elucidated. Here we show that Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) prevented ILC3-mediated colitis in an IL-10-independent manner. Treg cells inhibited IL-23 and IL-1β production from intestinal-resident CX3CR1+ macrophages but not CD103+ dendritic cells. Moreover, Treg cells restrained ILC3 production of IL-22 through suppression of CX3CR1+ macrophage production of IL-23 and IL-1β. This suppression was contact dependent and was mediated by latent activation gene-3 (LAG-3)-an immune checkpoint receptor-expressed on Treg cells. Engagement of LAG-3 on MHC class II drove profound immunosuppression of CX3CR1+ tissue-resident macrophages. Our study reveals that the health of the intestinal mucosa is maintained by an axis driven by Treg cells communication with resident macrophages that withhold inflammatory stimuli required for ILC3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauché
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | | | - Renu Jain
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | - Jeff Grein
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | - Karin S Ku
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | | | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA.
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15
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Intestinal Lamina Propria CD4 + T Cells Promote Bactericidal Activity of Macrophages via Galectin-9 and Tim-3 Interaction during Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00769-17. [PMID: 29844236 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00769-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is crucial for protection from pathogenic infection and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. We studied the intestinal immune microenvironment in a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium intestinal infection mouse model. Intestinal lamina propria macrophages are the main effector cells in innate resistance to intracellular microbial pathogens. We found that S Typhimurium infection augmented Tim-3 expression on intestinal lamina propria CD4+ T cells and enhanced galectin-9 expression on F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages. Moreover, CD4+ T cells promoted the activation and bactericidal activity of intestinal F4/80+ CD11b+ macrophages via the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction during S Typhimurium infection. Blocking the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction with α-lactose significantly attenuated the bactericidal activity of intracellular S Typhimurium by macrophages. Furthermore, the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction promoted the formation and activation of inflammasomes, which led to caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion. The secretion of active IL-1β further improved bactericidal activity of macrophages and galectin-9 expression on macrophages. These results demonstrated the critical role of the cross talk between CD4+ T cells and macrophages, particularly the Tim-3/galectin-9 interaction, in antimicrobial immunity and the control of intestinal pathogenic infections.
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16
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Chiaranunt P, Tometich JT, Ji J, Hand TW. T Cell Proliferation and Colitis Are Initiated by Defined Intestinal Microbes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:243-250. [PMID: 29777027 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with the dysregulation of T cells specific to Ags derived from the intestinal microbiota. How microbiota-specific T cells are regulated is not completely clear but is believed to be mediated by a combination of IgA, regulatory T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. To test the role of these regulatory components on microbiota-specific T cells, we bred CBir1 TCR transgenic (CBir1Tg) mice (specific to flagellin from common intestinal bacteria) onto a lymphopenic Rag1-/- background. Surprisingly, T cells from CBir1Tg mice bred onto a Rag1-/- background could not induce colitis and did not differentiate to become effectors under lymphopenic conditions, despite deficits in immunoregulatory factors, such as IgA, regulatory T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. In fact, upon transfer of conventional CBir1Tg T cells into lymphopenic mice, the vast majority of proliferating T cells responded to Ags other than CBir1 flagellin, including those found on other bacteria, such as Helicobacter spp. Thus, we discovered a caveat in the CBir1Tg model within our animal facility that illustrates the limitations of using TCR transgenics at mucosal surfaces, where multiple TCR specificities can respond to the plethora of foreign Ags. Our findings also indicate that T cell specificity to the microbiota alone is not sufficient to induce T cell activation and colitis. Instead, other interrelated factors, such as the composition and ecology of the intestinal microbiota and host access to Ag, are paramount in controlling the activation of microbiota-specific T cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Justin T Tometich
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Junyi Ji
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; and
| | - Timothy W Hand
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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17
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Mowat AM, Scott CL, Bain CC. Barrier-tissue macrophages: functional adaptation to environmental challenges. Nat Med 2017; 23:1258-1270. [PMID: 29117177 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are found throughout the body, where they have crucial roles in tissue development, homeostasis and remodeling, as well as being sentinels of the innate immune system that can contribute to protective immunity and inflammation. Barrier tissues, such as the intestine, lung, skin and liver, are exposed constantly to the outside world, which places special demands on resident cell populations such as macrophages. Here we review the mounting evidence that although macrophages in different barrier tissues may be derived from distinct progenitors, their highly specific properties are shaped by the local environment, which allows them to adapt precisely to the needs of their anatomical niche. We discuss the properties of macrophages in steady-state barrier tissues, outline the factors that shape their differentiation and behavior and describe how macrophages change during protective immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Diversity and functions of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:845-864. [PMID: 28378807 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mφ) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation. In the current review we discuss the function of intestinal cDC and monocyte-derived MNP, highlighting how these subsets play several non-redundant roles in the regulation of intestinal immune responses. While much remains to be learnt, recent findings also underline how the various populations of MNP adapt to deal with the challenges specific to their environment. Understanding these processes should help target individual subsets for 'fine tuning' immunological responses within the intestine, a process that may be of relevance both for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and for optimized vaccine design.
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19
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Marelli G, Erreni M, Anselmo A, Taverniti V, Guglielmetti S, Mantovani A, Allavena P. Heme-oxygenase-1 Production by Intestinal CX3CR1 + Macrophages Helps to Resolve Inflammation and Prevents Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4472-4485. [PMID: 28619710 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CX3CR1+ macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria contribute to gut homeostasis through the immunomodulatory interleukin IL10, but there is little knowledge on how these cells or the CX3CR1 receptor may affect colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we show that CX3CR1-deficient mice fail to resolve gut inflammation despite high production of IL10 and have increased colitis and adenomatous polyps in chemical and genetic models of colon carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, CX3CL1-mediated engagement of the CX3CR1 receptor induced upregulation of heme-oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory enzyme. CX3CR1-deficient mice exhibited significantly lower expression of HMOX-1 in their adenomatous colon tissues. Combining LPS and CX3CL1 displayed a strong synergistic effect in vitro, but HMOX-1 levels were significantly lower in KO macrophages. Cohousing of wild-type and CX3CR1-/- mice during the AOM/DSS treatment attenuated disease severity in CX3CR1-/- mice, indicating the importance of the microbiome, but did not fully reinstate HMOX-1 levels and did not abolish polyp formation. In contrast, pharmacologic induction of HMOX-1 in vivo by cobalt protoporphyrin-IX treatment eradicated intestinal inflammation and fully protected KO mice from carcinogenesis. Taken together, our results establish an essential role for the receptor CX3CR1 in gut macrophages in resolving inflammation in the intestine, where it helps protects against colitis-associated cancer by regulating HMOX-1 expression. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4472-85. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marelli
- Departement of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Erreni
- Departement of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Departement of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Departement of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Departement of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, Rozzano, Milano, Italy. .,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
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20
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Ibáñez L, Abou-Ezzi G, Ciucci T, Amiot V, Belaïd N, Obino D, Mansour A, Rouleau M, Wakkach A, Blin-Wakkach C. Inflammatory Osteoclasts Prime TNFα-Producing CD4 + T Cells and Express CX 3 CR1. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1899-1908. [PMID: 27161765 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bone destruction is a hallmark of chronic rheumatic diseases. Although the role of osteoclasts in bone loss is clearly established, their implication in the inflammatory response has not been investigated despite their monocytic origin. Moreover, specific markers are lacking to characterize osteoclasts generated in inflammatory conditions. Here, we have explored the phenotype of inflammatory osteoclasts and their effect on CD4+ T cell responses in the context of bone destruction associated with inflammatory bowel disease. We used the well-characterized model of colitis induced by transfer of naive CD4+ T cells into Rag1-/- mice, which is associated with severe bone destruction. We set up a novel procedure to sort pure osteoclasts generated in vitro to analyze their phenotype and specific immune responses by FACS and qPCR. We demonstrated that osteoclasts generated from colitic mice induced the emergence of TNFα-producing CD4+ T cells, whereas those generated from healthy mice induced CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, in an antigen-dependent manner. This difference is related to the osteoclast origin from monocytes or dendritic cells, to their cytokine expression pattern, and their environment. We identified CX3 CR1 as a marker of inflammatory osteoclasts and we demonstrated that the differentiation of CX3 CR1+ osteoclasts is controlled by IL-17 in vitro. This work is the first demonstration that, in addition to participating to bone destruction, osteoclasts also induce immunogenic CD4+ T cell responses upon inflammation. They highlight CX3 CR1 as a novel dual target for antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory treatment in inflammatory chronic diseases. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ibáñez
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Thomas Ciucci
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Vanessa Amiot
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Nourhène Belaïd
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Dorian Obino
- INSERM-U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anna Mansour
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, LP2M, UMR7370, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France. .,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.
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21
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Yatim KM, Gosto M, Humar R, Williams AL, Oberbarnscheidt MH. Renal dendritic cells sample blood-borne antigen and guide T-cell migration to the kidney by means of intravascular processes. Kidney Int 2016; 90:818-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Rossini V, Radulovic K, Riedel CU, Niess JH. Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27684040 DOI: 10.3791/54421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation which affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). One of the best ways to study the immunological mechanisms involved during the disease is the T cell transfer model of colitis. In this model, immunodeficient mice (RAG(-/-) recipients) are reconstituted with naive CD4(+) T cells from healthy wild type hosts. This model allows examination of the earliest immunological events leading to disease and chronic inflammation, when the gut inflammation perpetuates but does not depend on a defined antigen. To study the potential role of antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the disease process, it is helpful to have an antigen-driven disease model, in which a defined commensal-derived antigen leads to colitis. An antigen driven-colitis model has hence been developed. In this model OT-II CD4(+) T cells, that can recognize only specific epitopes in the OVA protein, are transferred into RAG(-/-) hosts challenged with CFP-OVA-expressing E. coli. This model allows the examination of interactions between APCs and T cells in the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Basel;
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23
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Marelli G, Belgiovine C, Mantovani A, Erreni M, Allavena P. Non-redundant role of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in the anti-inflammatory function of gut macrophages. Immunobiology 2016; 222:463-472. [PMID: 27707514 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity at the intestinal level is constantly challenged by the presence of external food and microbial antigens and must be kept under strict control to avoid the rise of aberrant inflammation. Among cells of the innate immunity, macrophages expressing the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 are strategically located near the gut epithelial barrier. These cells contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis by producing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; however, their role in the control of full blown inflammation and tissue injury is controversial. In this study we investigated mice proficient or deficient for the expression of the CX3CR1 receptor in a model of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced acute colitis. We found that KO mice (CX3CR1GFP/GFP) had a more severe disease compared to WT mice (CX3CR1GFP/+), both in terms of histological examination of colonic tissues and leukocyte infiltration, with an expansion of macrophages and CD4-Th17 lymphocytes. The expression of several inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, iNOS) was also significantly upregulated in KO mice, despite higher IL-10 production. Overall, our study demonstrates that macrophages expressing a functional CX3CR1 receptor have an important and non-redundant role in controlling the abnormal intestinal inflammation that may lead to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marelli
- Dpt. Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy.
| | - C Belgiovine
- Dpt. Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - A Mantovani
- Dpt. Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy; Humanitas University, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - M Erreni
- Dpt. Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - P Allavena
- Dpt. Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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24
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Landete JM, Medina M, Arqués JL. Fluorescent reporter systems for tracking probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:119. [PMID: 27263014 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence supporting the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease, as well as the use of probiotics to modulate its activity and composition. Probiotic bacteria selected for commercial use in foods, mostly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, must survive in sufficient numbers during the manufacturing process, storage, and passage through the gastro-intestinal tract. They have several modes of action and it is crucial to unravel the mechanisms underlying their postulated beneficial effects. To track their survival and persistence, and to analyse their interaction with the gastro-intestinal epithelia it is essential to discriminate probiotic strains from endogenous microbiota. Fluorescent reporter proteins are relevant tools that can be exploited as a non-invasive marker system for in vivo real-time imaging in complex ecosystems as well as in vitro fluorescence labelling. Oxygen is required for many of these reporter proteins to fluoresce, which is a major drawback in anoxic environments. However, some new fluorescent proteins are able to overcome the potential problems caused by oxygen limitations. The current available approaches and the benefits/disadvantages of using reporter vectors containing fluorescent proteins for labelling of bacterial probiotic species commonly used in food are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Landete
- Dpto. de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Dpto. de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan L Arqués
- Dpto. de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Mann ER, Bernardo D, English NR, Landy J, Al-Hassi HO, Peake STC, Man R, Elliott TR, Spranger H, Lee GH, Parian A, Brant SR, Lazarev M, Hart AL, Li X, Knight SC. Compartment-specific immunity in the human gut: properties and functions of dendritic cells in the colon versus the ileum. Gut 2016; 65:256-70. [PMID: 25666191 PMCID: PMC4530083 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dendritic cells (DC) mediate intestinal immune tolerance. Despite striking differences between the colon and the ileum both in function and bacterial load, few studies distinguish between properties of immune cells in these compartments. Furthermore, information of gut DC in humans is scarce. We aimed to characterise human colonic versus ileal DC. DESIGN Human DC from paired colonic and ileal samples were characterised by flow cytometry, electron microscopy or used to stimulate T cell responses in a mixed leucocyte reaction. RESULTS A lower proportion of colonic DC produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β) compared with their ileal counterparts and exhibited an enhanced ability to generate CD4(+)FoxP3(+)IL-10(+) (regulatory) T cells. There were enhanced proportions of CD103(+)Sirpα(-) DC in the colon, with increased proportions of CD103(+)Sirpα(+) DC in the ileum. A greater proportion of colonic DC subsets analysed expressed the lymph-node-homing marker CCR7, alongside enhanced endocytic capacity, which was most striking in CD103(+)Sirpα(+) DC. Expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3 was enhanced on colonic DC. Interestingly, endocytic capacity was associated with CD103(+) DC, in particular CD103(+)Sirpα(+) DC. However, expression of ILT3 was associated with CD103(-) DC. Colonic and ileal DC differentially expressed skin-homing marker CCR4 and small-bowel-homing marker CCR9, respectively, and this corresponded to their ability to imprint these homing markers on T cells. CONCLUSIONS The regulatory properties of colonic DC may represent an evolutionary adaptation to the greater bacterial load in the colon. The colon and the ileum should be regarded as separate entities, each comprising DC with distinct roles in mucosal immunity and imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mann
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Bernardo
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - Nicholas R English
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - Jon Landy
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK,St. Mark's Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Hafid O Al-Hassi
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - Simon TC Peake
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK,St. Mark's Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Ripple Man
- St. Mark's Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Timothy R Elliott
- St. Mark's Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Henning Spranger
- St. Mark's Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Gui Han Lee
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | - Alyssa Parian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Brant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Lazarev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ailsa L Hart
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK,St. Mark's Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Xuhang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella C Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
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26
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Genua M, D'Alessio S, Cibella J, Gandelli A, Sala E, Correale C, Spinelli A, Arena V, Malesci A, Rutella S, Ploplis VA, Vetrano S, Danese S. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) controls macrophage phagocytosis in intestinal inflammation. Gut 2015; 64:589-600. [PMID: 24848264 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including Crohn's disease (CD) and UC, the two major forms of IBD. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) exerts pleiotropic functions over the course of both physiological and pathological processes. uPAR not only has a key role in fibrinolysis but also modulates the development of protective immunity. Additionally, uPAR supports extracellular matrix degradation and regulates cell migration, adhesion and proliferation, thus influencing the development of inflammatory and immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the role of uPAR in the pathogenesis of IBD. DESIGN The functional role of uPAR was assessed in established experimental models of colitis. uPAR deficiency effects on cytokine release, polarisation and bacterial phagocytosis were analysed in colonic macrophages. uPAR expression was analysed in surgical specimens collected from normal subjects and patients with IBD. RESULTS In mice, uPAR expression is positively regulated as colitis progresses. uPAR-KO mice displayed severe inflammation compared with wild-type littermates, as indicated by clinical assessment, endoscopy and colon histology. The absence of uPAR led to an increased production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages that showed an M1 polarisation and impaired phagocytosis. In human IBD, CD68(+) macrophages derived from the inflamed mucosa expressed low levels of uPAR. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to uPAR as an essential component of intestinal macrophage functions and unravel a new potential target to control mucosal inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Genua
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Javier Cibella
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Sala
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carmen Correale
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Department of Surgery-IBD Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy Department of Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Rutella
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria A Ploplis
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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27
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Lei YMK, Nair L, Alegre ML. The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:9-19. [PMID: 25481240 PMCID: PMC4423786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between commensal microbes and their hosts has been studied for many years. Commensal microorganisms are known to have a significant role in regulating the physiology of their hosts and preventing pathogenic infections while the hosts' immune system is important in determining the composition of the microbiota. More recently, specific effects of the intestinal microbiota on the local and distal immune systems have been uncovered with important consequences for health and disease, and alterations in intestinal microbial composition has been associated with various disease states. Here, we will review the current understanding of the microbiota/immune system crosstalk, highlight the clinical consequences of changes in the microbiota and consider how to harness this symbiotic relationship to improve public health.
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28
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Expression of fluorescent proteins in bifidobacteria for analysis of host-microbe interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2842-50. [PMID: 24584243 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04261-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are an important component of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and are frequently used as probiotics. The genetic inaccessibility and lack of molecular tools commonly used in other bacteria have hampered a detailed analysis of the genetic determinants of bifidobacteria involved in their adaptation to, colonization of, and interaction with the host. In the present study, a range of molecular tools were developed that will allow the closing of some of the gaps in functional analysis of bifidobacteria. A number of promoters were tested for transcriptional activity in Bifidobacterium bifidum S17 using pMDY23, a previously published promoter probe vector. The promoter of the gap gene (Pgap) of B. bifidum S17 yielded the highest promoter activity among the promoters tested. Thus, this promoter and the pMDY23 backbone were used to construct a range of vectors for expression of different fluorescent proteins (FPs). Successful expression of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), green fluorescent protein (GFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), and mCherry could be shown for three strains representing three different Bifidobacterium spp. The red fluorescent B. bifidum S17/pVG-mCherry was further used to demonstrate application of fluorescent bifidobacteria for adhesion assays and detection in primary human macrophages cultured in vitro. Furthermore, pMGC-mCherry was cloned by combining a chloramphenicol resistance marker and expression of the FP mCherry under the control of Pgap. The chloramphenicol resistance marker of pMGC-mCherry was successfully used to determine gastrointestinal transit time of B. bifidum S17. Moreover, B. bifidum S17/pMGC-mCherry could be detected in fecal samples of mice after oral administration.
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