1
|
Liao Y, Chen Z, Yang Y, Shen D, Chai S, Ma Y, Ge R, Wang X, Wang S, Liu S. Antibiotic intervention exacerbated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SD rats under hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:70-83. [PMID: 37806597 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host nutrition, metabolism, and immune homeostasis, particularly in extreme environmental conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota in animal organisms hypobaric hypoxia exposure require further study. We conducted a research by comparing SD rats treated with an antibiotic (ABX) cocktail and untreated SD rats that were housed in a low-pressure oxygen chamber (simulating low pressure and hypoxic environment at 6000 m altitude) for 30 days. After the experiment, blood, feces, and lung tissues from SD rats were collected for analysis of blood, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics. The results demonstrated that the antibiotic cocktail-treated SD rats exhibited elevated counts of neutrophil (Neu) and monocyte (Mon) cells, an enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SBC), reduced levels of glutathione, and accumulated phospholipid compounds. Notably, the accumulation of phospholipid compounds, particularly lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), along with the aforementioned changes, contributed to heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the organism. In addition, we explored the resistance mechanisms of SD rats in low-oxygen and low-pressure environments and found that increasing the quantity of the Prevotellaceae and related beneficial bacteria (especially Lactobacillus) could reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings offer valuable insights into enhancing the adaptability of low-altitude animals under hypobaric hypoxia exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Di Shen
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Shuxiang Wang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| | - Shujie Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Os L, Engelhardt B, Guenat OT. Integration of immune cells in organs-on-chips: a tutorial. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1191104. [PMID: 37324438 PMCID: PMC10267470 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1191104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral and bacterial infections continue to pose significant challenges for numerous individuals globally. To develop novel therapies to combat infections, more insight into the actions of the human innate and adaptive immune system during infection is necessary. Human in vitro models, such as organs-on-chip (OOC) models, have proven to be a valuable addition to the tissue modeling toolbox. The incorporation of an immune component is needed to bring OOC models to the next level and enable them to mimic complex biological responses. The immune system affects many (patho)physiological processes in the human body, such as those taking place during an infection. This tutorial review introduces the reader to the building blocks of an OOC model of acute infection to investigate recruitment of circulating immune cells into the infected tissue. The multi-step extravasation cascade in vivo is described, followed by an in-depth guide on how to model this process on a chip. Next to chip design, creation of a chemotactic gradient and incorporation of endothelial, epithelial, and immune cells, the review focuses on the hydrogel extracellular matrix (ECM) to accurately model the interstitial space through which extravasated immune cells migrate towards the site of infection. Overall, this tutorial review is a practical guide for developing an OOC model of immune cell migration from the blood into the interstitial space during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lindsay AE, Bernoff AJ, Navarro Hernández A. Short-time diffusive fluxes over membrane receptors yields the direction of a signalling source. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221619. [PMID: 37122946 PMCID: PMC10130716 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An essential ability of many cell types is to detect stimuli in the form of shallow chemical gradients. Such cues may indicate the direction that new growth should occur, or the location of a mate. Amplification of these faint signals is due to intra-cellular mechanisms, while the cue itself is generated by the noisy arrival of signalling molecules to surface bound membrane receptors. We employ a new hybrid numerical-asymptotic technique coupling matched asymptotic analysis and numerical inverse Laplace transform to rapidly and accurately solve the parabolic exterior problem describing the dynamic diffusive fluxes to receptors. We observe that equilibration occurs on long timescales, potentially limiting the usefulness of steady-state quantities for localization at practical biological timescales. We demonstrate that directional information is encoded primarily in early arrivals to the receptors, while equilibrium quantities inform on source distance. We develop a new homogenization result showing that complex receptor configurations can be replaced by a uniform effective condition. In the extreme scenario where the cell adopts the angular direction of the first impact, we show this estimate to be surprisingly accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan E. Lindsay
- Department of Applied and Computational Math and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Andrew J. Bernoff
- Department of Mathematics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Adrián Navarro Hernández
- Department of Applied and Computational Math and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen C, Li P, Guo T, Chen S, Xu D, Chen H. Generation of Dynamic Concentration Profile Using A Microfluidic Device Integrating Pneumatic Microvalves. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100868. [PMID: 36291005 PMCID: PMC9599525 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Generating and maintaining the concentration dilutions of diffusible molecules in microchannels is critical for high-throughput chemical and biological analysis. Conventional serial network microfluidic technologies can generate high orders of arbitrary concentrations by a predefined microchannel network. However, a previous design requires a large occupancy area and is unable to dynamically generate different profiles in the same chip, limiting its applications. This study developed a microfluidic device enabling dynamic variations of both the concentration in the same channel and the concentration distribution in multiple channels by adjusting the flow resistance using programmable pneumatic microvalves. The key component (the pneumatic microvalve) allowed dynamic adjustment of the concentration profile but occupied a tiny space. Additionally, a Matlab program was developed to calculate the flow rates and flow resistance of various sections of the device, which provided theoretical guidance for dimension design. In silico investigations were conducted to evaluate the microvalve deformation with widths from 100 to 300 µm and membrane thicknesses of 20 and 30 µm under the activation pressures between 0 and 2000 mbar. The flow resistance of the deformed valve was studied both numerically and experimentally and an empirical model for valve flow resistance with the form of Rh=aebP was proposed. Afterward, the fluid flow in the valve region was characterized using Micro PIV to further demonstrate the adjustment mechanism of the flow resistance. Then, the herringbone structures were employed for fast mixing to allow both quick variation of concentration and minor space usage of the channel network. Finally, an empirical formula-supported computational program was developed to provide the activation pressures required for the specific concentration profile. Both linear (Ck = -0.2k + 1) and nonlinear (Ck = (110)k) concentration distribution in four channels were varied using the same device by adjusting microvalves. The device demonstrated the capability to control the concentration profile dynamically in a small space, offering superior application potentials in analytical chemistry, drug screening, and cell biology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Siyuan Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong Xu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
CXCR2 Mediates Distinct Neutrophil Behavior in Brain Metastatic Breast Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030515. [PMID: 35158784 PMCID: PMC8833752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is one of the main causes of mortality among breast cancer patients, but the origins and the mechanisms that drive this process remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the upregulation of certain CXCR2-associated ligands in the brain metastatic variants of the breast cancer cells (BrM) dynamically activate the corresponding CXCR2 receptors on the neutrophils, thereby resulting in the modulation of certain key functional neutrophil responses towards the BrM. Using established neutrophil-tumor biomimetic co-culture models, we show that the upregulation of CXCR2 increases the recruitment of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils (TANs) towards the BrM, to enable location-favored formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Inhibition of CXCR2 using small molecule antagonist AZD5069 reversed this behavior, limiting the neutrophil responses to the BrM and retarding the reciprocal tumor development. We further demonstrate that abrogation of NETs formation using Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor (NEI) significantly decreases the influx of neutrophils towards BrM but not to their parental tumor, suggesting that CXCR2 activation could be used by the brain metastatic tumors as a mechanism to program the tumor-infiltrating TANs into a pro-NETotic state, so as to assume a unique spatial distribution that assists in the subsequent migration and invasion of the metastatic tumor cells. This new perspective indicates that CXCR2 is a critical target for suppressing neutrophilic inflammation in brain metastasis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Surendran V, Rutledge D, Colmon R, Chandrasekaran A. A novel tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME)-on-Chip mimics three dimensional neutrophil-tumor dynamics and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-mediated collective tumor invasion. Biofabrication 2021; 13:10.1088/1758-5090/abe1cf. [PMID: 33524968 PMCID: PMC8990531 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abe1cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocytes in the blood, traditionally regarded as the first immune responders to infections and inflammations. In the context of tumors, neutrophils have been shown to possess both tumor-promoting and tumor-limiting properties. A better understanding of the inter-cellular dynamics between the neutrophils and aggregated tumors could possibly shed light on the different modalities of neutrophil involvement in tumor progression. To studyin-vitrothe interactional dynamics of neutrophils and growing tumor aggregates, in this work, we engineered a novel, microfluidics-integrated, three-dimensional (3D) tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME)-on-Chip device, and we investigated the effect of neutrophils on the inception of collective 3D invasion of ovarian tumor cells. Herein, tumor spheroids generated and cultured on hydrogel based multi-microwell plates, and embedded within collagen matrix of defined thickness, were magnetically hybrid-integrated with a 3D bioprinting enabled microfluidic system fabricated on a porous membrane and carrying neutrophils. This setting recreated a typical TIMEin-vitroto model dynamic neutrophil migration and 3D tumor invasion. Using this device, we observed that neutrophils respond to the growing tumor spheroids through both chemotaxis and generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The formation of NETs stimulated the reciprocation of tumor cells from their aggregated state to collectively invade into the surrounding collagen matrix, in a manner more significant compared to their response to known tumor-derived stimulants such as transforming growth factor and Interleukin- 8. This effect was reversed by drug-induced inhibition of NETs formation, suggesting that induction of NETs by cancer cells could be a pro-migratory tumor behavior. Further, we additionally report a previously unidentified, location-dictated mechanism of NETosis, in which NETs formation within the stromal extracellular collagen matrix around the spheroids, and not tumor-contacted NETs, is important for the induction of collective invasion of the ovarian tumor cells, thus providing a rationale for new anti-tumor therapeutics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Surendran
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| | - Dylan Rutledge
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| | - Ramair Colmon
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| | - Arvind Chandrasekaran
- Bioinspired Microengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical, Biological and Bio Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro 27411, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitra S, Roy N, Maity S, Bandyopadhyay D. Multimodal chemo-/magneto-/phototaxis of 3G CNT-bots to power fuel cells. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 34567634 PMCID: PMC8433207 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a 3G microswimmer, namely, CNT-bot, capable of undergoing acid-, alkali-, magneto- and phototaxis inside acidic or alkaline baths of peroxide fuel and/or water. The use of carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) facilitated the propulsion of CNT-bots in an alkaline-water solution by ejecting carbon-dioxide bubbles. Furthermore, doping of magnetite nanoparticles (FeONPs), ferrous ions (Fe2+) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) induces magnetic, chemical and photonic modes of propulsion. While FeONPs stimulated magnetotaxis at a rate of up to ~10 body lengths per second under the influence of a bar magnet, chemotaxis of a similar speed in a peroxide fuel was achieved by bubble-propulsion of oxygen gas originating from the Fenton reaction. In addition, the light-stimulated photo-Fenton reaction led to phototaxis of CNT-bots. A thin coating of magnesium imparted a half-faced Janus appearance to the CNT-bots, which facilitated motion in normal or acidic water media through the ejection of hydrogen gas bubbles. This chemotaxis could be transformed into pH-stimulated directional motion by establishing an acid or alkali concentration gradient across the peroxide and/or water baths. The capacity of CNT-bots to produce oxygen (hydrogen) bubbles in peroxide (acidic water) fuel was exploited to power a PEM fuel cell to generate electricity. The pure oxygen and hydrogen gases generated by CNT-bots in separate chambers were fed directly into the fuel cell in which the incessant motions of the particle facilitated the creation and release of the pure gases to achieve on-demand electricity generation. The motor could also induce dye degradation through advanced oxidation owing to the production of intermediate hydroxyl radicals during the Fenton reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Nirmal Roy
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kirsebom F, Michalaki C, Agueda-Oyarzabal M, Johansson C. Neutrophils do not impact viral load or the peak of disease severity during RSV infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1110. [PMID: 31980667 PMCID: PMC6981203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung and airway neutrophils are a hallmark of severe disease in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced lower respiratory tract infections. Despite their abundance in the lungs during RSV infection of both mice and man, the role of neutrophils in viral control and in immune pathology is not clear. Here, antibody mediated neutrophil depletion was used to investigate the degree to which neutrophils impact the lung immune environment, the control of viral replication and the peak severity of disease after RSV infection of mice. Neutrophil depletion did not substantially affect the levels of inflammatory mediators such as type I interferons, IL-6, TNF-α or IL-1β in response to RSV. In addition, the lack of neutrophils did not change the viral load during RSV infection. Neither neutrophil depletion nor the enhancement of lung neutrophils by administration of the chemoattractant CXCL1 during RSV infection affected disease severity as measured by weight loss. Therefore, in this model of RSV infection, lung neutrophils do not offer obvious benefits to the host in terms of increasing anti-viral inflammatory responses or restricting viral replication and neutrophils do not contribute to disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freja Kirsebom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Cecilia Johansson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bisht J, LeValley P, Noren B, McBride R, Kharkar P, Kloxin A, Gatlin J, Oakey J. Light-inducible activation of cell cycle progression in Xenopus egg extracts under microfluidic confinement. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3499-3511. [PMID: 31544194 PMCID: PMC7819639 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00569b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free Xenopus egg extract is a widely used and biochemically tractable model system that allows recapitulation and elucidation of fundamental cellular processes. Recently, the introduction of microfluidic extract manipulation has enabled compartmentalization of bulk extract and a newfound ability to study organelles on length scales that recapitulate key features of cellular morphology. While the microfluidic confinement of extracts has produced a compelling platform for the in vitro study of cell processes at physiologically-relevant length scales, it also imposes experimental limitations by restricting dynamic control over extract properties. Here, we introduce photodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels as a vehicle to passively and selectively manipulate extract composition through the release of proteins encapsulated within the hydrogel matrix. Photopatterned PEG hydrogels, passive to both extract and encapsulated proteins, serve as protein depots within microfluidic channels, which are subsequently flooded with extract. Illumination by ultraviolet light (UV) degrades the hydrogel structures and releases encapsulated protein. We show that an engineered fluorescent protein with a nuclear localization signal (GST-GFP-NLS) retains its ability to localize within nearby nuclei following UV-induced release from hydrogel structures. When diffusion is considered, the kinetics of nuclear accumulation are similar to those in experiments utilizing conventional, bulk fluid handling. Similarly, the release of recombinant cyclin B Δ90, a mutant form of the master cell cycle regulator cyclin B which lacks the canonical destruction box, was able to induce the expected cell cycle transition from interphase to mitosis. This transition was confirmed by the observation of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), a phenomenological hallmark of mitosis, and the induction of mitosis-specific biochemical markers. This approach to extract manipulation presents a versatile and customizable route to regulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular events in microfluidically confined cell-free extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Bisht
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Paige LeValley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Benjamin Noren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Ralph McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Prathamesh Kharkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - April Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Jesse Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - John Oakey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Cell Organization and Division Group, Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones CN, Ellett F, Robertson AL, Forrest KM, Judice K, Balkovec JM, Springer M, Markmann JF, Vyas JM, Warren HS, Irimia D. Bifunctional Small Molecules Enhance Neutrophil Activities Against Aspergillus fumigatus in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2019; 10:644. [PMID: 31024528 PMCID: PMC6465576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is difficult to treat and carries a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophils play a critical role in control of infection but may be diminished in number and function during immunosuppressive therapies. Here, we measure the effect of three bifunctional small molecules that target Aspergillus fumigatus and prime neutrophils to generate a more effective response against the pathogen. The molecules combine two moieties joined by a chemical linker: a targeting moiety (TM) that binds to the surface of the microbial target, and an effector moiety (EM) that interacts with chemoattractant receptors on human neutrophils. We report that the bifunctional compounds enhance the interactions between primary human neutrophils and A. fumigatus in vitro, using three microfluidic assay platforms. The bifunctional compounds significantly enhance the recruitment of neutrophils, increase hyphae killing by neutrophils in a uniform concentration of drug, and decrease hyphal tip growth velocity in the presence of neutrophils compared to the antifungal targeting moiety alone. We validated that the bifunctional compounds are also effective in vivo, using a zebrafish infection model with neutrophils expressing the appropriate EM receptor. We measured significantly increased phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia by neutrophils expressing the EM receptor in the presence of the compounds compared to receptor-negative cells. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with our lead compound significantly improved the antifungal activity of neutrophils from immunosuppressed patients ex vivo. This type of bifunctional compounds strategy may be utilized to redirect the immune system to destroy fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Jones
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Kevin Judice
- Cidara Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - James F Markmann
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - H Shaw Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ellett F, Jalali F, Marand AL, Jorgensen J, Mutlu BR, Lee J, Raff AB, Irimia D. Microfluidic arenas for war games between neutrophils and microbes. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1205-1216. [PMID: 30865740 PMCID: PMC6544356 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01263f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of neutrophil activities such as cell migration and phagocytosis are generally performed using low-content bulk assays, which provide little detail activity at the single cell level, or flow cytometry methods, which have the single cell resolution but lack perspective on the kinetics of the process. Here, we present a microfluidic assay for measuring the essential functions that contribute to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils: migration towards the target, and killing of microbes. The assay interrogates the interactions between isolated human neutrophils and populations of live, proliferating microbes. The outcome is measured in a binary mode that is reflective of in vivo infections, which are either cleared or endure the host response. The outcome of the interactions is also characterized at single cell resolution for both the neutrophils and the microbes. We applied the assay to test the response of neutrophils from intensive care patients to live Staphylococcus aureus, and observed alterations of antimicrobial neutrophil activity in patients, including those with sepsis. By directly measuring neutrophil activity against live targets at high spatial and temporal resolution, this assay provides unique insights into the life-or-death contest shaping the outcome of interactions between populations of neutrophils and microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Macwan AS, Boknäs N, Ntzouni MP, Ramström S, Gibbins JM, Faxälv L, Lindahl TL. Gradient-dependent inhibition of stimulatory signaling from platelet G protein-coupled receptors. Haematologica 2019; 104:1482-1492. [PMID: 30630981 PMCID: PMC6601095 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As platelet activation is an irreversible and potentially harmful event, platelet stimulatory signaling must be tightly regulated to ensure the filtering-out of inconsequential fluctuations of agonist concentrations in the vascular milieu. Herein, we show that platelet activation via G protein-coupled receptors is gradient-dependent, i.e., determined not only by agonist concentrations per se but also by how rapidly concentrations change over time. We demonstrate that gradient-dependent inhibition is a common feature of all major platelet stimulatory G protein-coupled receptors, while platelet activation via the non-G protein-coupled receptor glycoprotein VI is strictly concentration-dependent. By systematically characterizing the effects of variations in temporal agonist concentration gradients on different aspects of platelet activation, we demonstrate that gradient-dependent inhibition of protease-activated receptors exhibits different kinetics, with platelet activation occurring at lower agonist gradients for protease-activated receptor 4 than for protease-activated receptor 1, but shares a characteristic bimodal effect distribution, as gradient-dependent inhibition increases over a narrow range of gradients, below which aggregation and granule secretion is effectively shut off. In contrast, the effects of gradient-dependent inhibition on platelet activation via adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane receptors increase incrementally over a large range of gradients. Furthermore, depending on the affected activation pathway, gradient-dependent inhibition results in different degrees of refractoriness to subsequent autologous agonist stimulation. Mechanistically, our study identifies an important role for the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent pathway in gradient-dependent inhibition. Together, our findings suggest that gradient-dependent inhibition may represent a new general mechanism for hemostatic regulation in platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit S Macwan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niklas Boknäs
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria P Ntzouni
- Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Ramström
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Lars Faxälv
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas L Lindahl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qasaimeh MA, Pyzik M, Astolfi M, Vidal SM, Juncker D. Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Moving Gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Abu Dhabi 129188 UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; NY 11201 USA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Brigham &Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mélina Astolfi
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 1A4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vargas P, Barbier L, Sáez PJ, Piel M. Mechanisms for fast cell migration in complex environments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28641118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration depends on a combination of the cell's intrinsic capacity to move and the proper interpretation of external cues. This multistep process enables leukocytes to travel long distances in organs in just a few hours. This fast migration is partly due to the leukocytes' high level of plasticity, which helps them to adapt to a changing environment. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms used by leukocytes to move rapidly and efficiently in intricate anatomical landscapes. We shall focus on specific cytoskeletal rearrangements used by neutrophils and dendritic cells to migrate within confined environments. Lastly, we will describe the properties that facilitate the rapid migration of leukocyte in complex tissue geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pablo José Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|