1
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Calli AO, Kurt K, Narli G, Kocabey DU, Yilmaz A, Ocal I, Yigit S, Yilmaz I. Are micro-RNA 21 and 143 indicative as prognostic biomarkers in dedifferentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma? Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:756. [PMID: 38874783 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM Dedifferentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma (DEAC) is a rare, aggressive subtype, accounting for 2% of all endometrial cancers. Poor survival in DEAC prompts the need for effective treatment modalities through better prognostic classification. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have essential roles in tumor angiogenesis, which might enable their use as novel biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-143, which are associated with angiogenesis, and the prognosis of DEAC. METHOD The study included six cases diagnosed with DEAC. The expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-143 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Microvascular density (MVD) was measured by CD34 staining. All data and effects on survival were compared for statistical significance. RESULTS Six cases diagnosed with DEAC were included in the study. The percentage of undifferentiated components ranged from 50 to 90%. The second component of differentiated carcinoma was detected as endometrioid (3/5 grade I, 1/5 grade II, 1/5 grade III) in five cases and serous in one case. The mean MVD was 27 (range 17-44, SD 9.4). In three cases, miRNA-21 expression was down-regulated in neoplastic areas compared to non-neoplastic areas. On the contrary, it was found to be up-regulated in the remaining three cases. MiRNA-143 expression decreased in four cases and increased in two cases. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we found a significant irregular expression of miRNA-21 in DEACs. As in other cancers, angiogenesis is significantly associated with survival in DEACs. This study provides initial data for revealing possible implications of miRNAs as prognostic indicators in DEAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Orgen Calli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kerem Kurt
- Department of Medical Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Narli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Duygu Unal Kocabey
- Department of Medical Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alpay Yilmaz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Ocal
- Department of Medical Pathology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seyran Yigit
- Department of Medical Pathology, Tinaztepe University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pathology, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Xie H, Chen J, Ma Z, Gao Y, Zeng J, Chen Y, Yang Z, Xu S. PrLZ regulates EMT and invasion in prostate cancer via the TGF-β1/p-smad2/miR-200 family/ZEB1 axis. Prostate 2024; 84:317-328. [PMID: 38145367 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate leucine zipper (PrLZ) is a prostate-specific protein, and our previous study demonstrated that PrLZ enhances the malignant progression of prostate cancer (Pca). However, the roles of PrLZ in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain unknown. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and western blotting were used to analyze the expression of protein and genes level in human PCa cell lines. Invasion assay was used to examine the effect of PrLZ, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, miR-429, miR-205, and ZEB1 on PCa cell line invasion in vitro. Prostate cancer metastasis animal model was designed to assess the effect of PrLZ on PCa cell line invasion in vivo. RESULTS We proved that high PrLZ expression initiates EMT, which was shown by the downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin in PC-3/PrLZ and ARCaP-E/PrLZ cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PrLZ regulates EMT by activating TGF-β1/p-smad2 signaling and further inhibiting the expression of miR-200 family members, which negatively regulates ZEB1 expression and causes EMT in Pca. Moreover, using two of orthotopic mouse model and tail vein injection of human prostate cancer cells mouse model, we observed that PC-3/PrLZ cells led to the development of distant organ metastases in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the mechanism by which PrLZ regulates EMT and metastasis and suggest that PrLZ may be a potential therapeutic target for Pca metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Liu BW, Sun N, Lin H, Zhou XJ, Ma HY, Wang X, Cao XC, Yu Y. The p53/ZEB1-PLD3 feedback loop regulates cell proliferation in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:751. [PMID: 37978168 PMCID: PMC10656518 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally, endangering women's physical and mental health. Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) belongs to the phosphodiesterase family (PLD). PLD3 is related to insulin-mediated phosphorylation of the AKT pathway, suggesting that it may play a role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. This study may further explore the molecular mechanism of PLD3 inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we demonstrated that PLD3 and miR-6796 are co-expressed in breast cancer. PLD3 can bind with CDK1 and inhibit its expression, leading to mitotic arrest and inhibiting breast cancer proliferation. Wild-type p53 regulates PLD3 and miR-6796 expression by competitively binding to the PLD3 promoter with ZEB1. DNMT3B, as the target gene of miR-6796, is recruited into the PLD3 promoter by combining with ZEB1 to regulate the DNA methylation of the PLD3 promoter and ultimately affect PLD3 and miR-6796 expression. In conclusion, we revealed the role and molecular mechanism of PLD3 and its embedded miR-6796 in breast cancer proliferation, providing clues and a theoretical foundation for future research and development of therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ning Sun
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hui Lin
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 317099, China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhou
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hai-Yan Ma
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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4
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Connolly C, Ó Riain C. Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023:ijgc-2022-004106. [PMID: 37028807 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-004106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciarán Ó Riain
- Department of Histopathology, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Al-Awsi GRL, Jasim SA, Fakri Mustafa Y, Alhachami FR, Ziyadullaev S, Kandeel M, Abulkassim R, Sivaraman R, M Hameed N, Mireya Romero Parra R, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. The role of miRNA-128 in the development and progression of gastrointestinal and urogenital cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:4209-4231. [PMID: 36519554 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing data have shown the significance of various miRNAs in malignancy. In this regard, parallel to its biological role in normal tissues, miRNA-128 (miR-128) has been found to play an essential immunomodulatory function in the process of cancer initiation and development. The occurrence of the aberrant expression of miR-128 in tumors and the unique properties of miRNAs raise the prospect of their use as biomarkers and the next generation of molecular anticancer therapies. The function of miR-128 in malignancies such as breast, prostate, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, esophageal, cervical, ovarian and bladder cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma is discussed in this review. Finally, the effect of exosomal miR-128 on cancer resistance to therapeutics and cancer immunotherapy in certain malignancies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Firas Rahi Alhachami
- Department of Radiology, College of Health & Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Shukhrat Ziyadullaev
- No. 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Vice-rector for Scientific Affairs & Innovations, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh, 33516, Egypt
| | | | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq
| | | | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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The Role of Immunohistochemistry Markers in Endometrial Cancer with Mismatch Repair Deficiency: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153783. [PMID: 35954447 PMCID: PMC9367287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to summarize our current knowledge of the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers for identifying mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) tumors in endometrial cancer (EC). Identification of MMRd tumors, which occur in 13% to 30% of all ECs, has become critical for patients with colorectal and endometrial cancer for therapeutic management, clinical decision making, and prognosis. This review was conducted by two authors applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the following terms: “immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability endometrial cancer” or “immunohistochemistry and mismatch repair endometrial cancer” or “immunohistochemistry and mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer”. Among 596 retrieved studies, 161 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Articles were classified and presented according to their interest for the diagnosis, prognosis, and theragnostics for patients with MMRd EC. We identified 10, 18, and 96 articles using IHC expression of two, three, or four proteins of the MMR system (MLH1, MSH2, MHS6, and PMS2), respectively. MLH1 promoter methylation was analyzed in 57 articles. Thirty-four articles classified MMRd tumors with IHC markers according to their prognosis in terms of recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), stage, grade, and lymph node invasion. Theragnostics were studied in eight articles underlying the important concentration of PD-L1 in MMRd EC. Even though the role of IHC has been challenged, it represents the most common, robust, and cheapest method for diagnosing MMRd tumors in EC and is a valuable tool for exploring novel biotherapies and treatment modalities.
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7
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Kihara A, Amano Y, Fukushima N, Fujiwara H, Niki T. ZEB1 expression is frequently detected in undifferentiated and dedifferentiated carcinomas, but is not specific among endometrial carcinomas. Histopathology 2022; 81:108-118. [PMID: 35478361 DOI: 10.1111/his.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The pathological diagnosis of undifferentiated and dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas (UC/DCs) is prognostically important. However, undifferentiated components may be confused with other subtypes, particularly grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas (G3ECs). ZEB1 has recently been identified as a promising marker because it is frequently expressed in the undifferentiated components of UC/DCs, but not in other carcinomas. Therefore, we herein evaluated the diagnostic utility of ZEB1 with an emphasis on distinguishing between UC/DCs and G3ECs using an expanded cohort of endometrial carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunostaining for ZEB1 was performed on whole-tissue sections of 19 UC/DCs, 194 non-UC/DC endometrial carcinomas, and 29 carcinosarcomas. Staining was defined as negative (<5%), focal (5-50%), and diffuse expression (>50%). ZEB1 was expressed in 84% of the undifferentiated components of UC/DCs (diffuse in 14, focal in two). Focal expression was observed in eight non-UC/DC endometrial carcinomas and diffuse expression in seven, with the latter comprising G3ECs (4/76), serous carcinoma (1/37), clear cell carcinoma (1/21), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (1/3). Epithelial differentiation was morphologically and immunohistochemically less evident in G3ECs and neuroendocrine carcinoma with diffuse ZEB1 expression. All carcinosarcomas showed diffuse ZEB1 expression in their sarcomatous components. CONCLUSION Immunostaining for ZEB1 was sufficiently sensitive to detect undifferentiated components. Diffuse ZEB1 expression showed high specificity for distinguishing between undifferentiated components and G3ECs; however, ZEB1 expression was not entirely specific to UC/DCs. The integration of ZEB1 into the diagnosis of UC/DCs requires careful examinations to exclude other tumours, such as less differentiated G3ECs, neuroendocrine carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kihara
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amano
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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8
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The Role of Zinc Finger Proteins in Various Oral Conditions. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:4612054. [PMID: 35463825 PMCID: PMC9033369 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4612054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) are essential transcription factors, and the genes encoding them constitute about 3% of the entire human genome. They are involved in the development of several tissues, and any alterations in their structure may promote chronic conditions like diabetes and tumorigenesis. Lately, their role in the development, progression, and metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Epithelial Dysplasia, Oral Lichen Planus, and Periodontitis has been found. The present review aims to describe their role in various oral conditions. Electronic databases like Medline (PubMed) and Scopus were searched for original studies related to the role of ZNFs in various oral conditions. It yielded 48 studies included in the review. It was found that the ZNFs influenced chronic conditions like Oral Cancer and Periodontitis. They act both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes and have an anti-inflammatory effect. The knowledge from the present review may be utilized in designing drugs that prevent unusual expression of specific ZNFs. Besides, they may be applied as prognostic markers due to their high expression specificity in some tumors.
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9
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Zhang X, Tanwar VS, Jose CC, Lee HW, Cuddapah S. Transcriptional repression of E-cadherin in nickel-exposed lung epithelial cells mediated by loss of Sp1 binding at the promoter. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:99-110. [PMID: 34727382 PMCID: PMC8665052 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays a central role in the stability of epithelial tissues by facilitating cell-cell adhesion. Loss of E-cadherin expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a major event in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. Our earlier studies showed that nickel, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, induced EMT by persistently downregulating E-cadherin expression in human lung epithelial cells and that the EMT remained irreversible postexposure. However, the molecular basis of persistent E-cadherin downregulation by nickel exposure is not understood. Here, our studies show that the binding of transcription factor Sp1 to the promoter of E-cadherin encoding gene, CDH1, is essential for its expression. Nickel exposure caused a loss of Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter, resulting in its downregulation and EMT induction. Loss of Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter was associated with an increase in the binding of ZEB1 adjacent to the Sp1 binding site. ZEB1, an EMT master regulator persistently upregulated by nickel exposure, is a negative regulator of CDH1. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of ZEB1 restored Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter. Furthermore, ZEB1 knockout rescued E-cadherin expression and re-established the epithelial phenotype. Since EMT is associated with a number of nickel-exposure-associated chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, fibrosis and cancer and metastasis, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms associated with nickel pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Klicka K, Grzywa TM, Klinke A, Mielniczuk A, Włodarski PK. The Role of miRNAs in the Regulation of Endometrial Cancer Invasiveness and Metastasis-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3393. [PMID: 34298609 PMCID: PMC8304659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common genital cancer in women with increasing death rates. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression on the post-transcriptional levels. Multiple studies demonstrated a fundamental role of miRNAs in the regulation of carcinogenesis. This systematic review is a comprehensive overview of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis in EC. The literature was searched for studies investigating the role of miRNAs in the regulation of invasiveness and metastasis in EC. We explored PubMed, Embase, and Scopus using the following keywords: miRNA, metastasis, invasiveness, endometrial cancer. Data were collected from 163 articles that described the expression and role of 106 miRNAs in the regulation of EC invasiveness and metastasis out of which 63 were tumor suppressor miRNAs, and 38 were oncomiRNAs. Five miRNAs had a discordant role in different studies. Moreover, we identified 66 miRNAs whose expression in tumor tissue or concentration in serum correlated with at least one clinical parameter. These findings suggest a crucial role of miRNAs in the regulation of EC invasiveness and metastasis and present them as potential prognostic factors for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Klinke
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Mielniczuk
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
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11
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Xu Y, Guo B, Liu X, Tao K. miR-34a inhibits melanoma growth by targeting ZEB1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15538-15547. [PMID: 34102608 PMCID: PMC8221330 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly lethal cutaneous cancer with the tendency for early invasion and metastasis. Integrated miRNA transcriptome sequence analysis of human melanoma tumors and adjacent control tissues identified 17 miRNAs differentially expressed in melanoma tissues: let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c, miR-374a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-7, miR-195, miR-1908, miR-214, miR-221, miR-199a-5p, miR-21, miR-18, miR-34a, miR-199a-3p, miR-92a and miR-106b. Among these, miR-34a was most significantly down-regulated in melanoma tissues, and its expression correlated with TNM melanoma stage. miR-34a overexpression inhibited expression and activity of the transcription factor ZEB1, resulting in decreased proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. Moreover, miR-34a overexpression inhibited ZEB1 expression and melanoma tumor growth in vivo, in a melanoma nude mouse model. Together, these findings demonstrate that miR-34a inhibits melanoma growth by targeting the proto-oncogene ZEB1 and suggest the miR-34a -ZEB1 axis may serve as a novel target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xu
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Guo
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tao
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, P.R. China
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12
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Perna C, Navarro A, Ruz-Caracuel I, Caniego-Casas T, Cristóbal E, Leskelä S, Longo F, Caminoa A, Santón A, Ferreiro R, Pizarro D, Palacios-Berraquero ML, Palacios J. Molecular Heterogeneity of High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020233. [PMID: 33435234 PMCID: PMC7826680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to its low frequency, high grade colorectal carcinomas (HG-CRCs) are underrepresented in molecular series. We intended to further characterize the pathological and molecular features of these tumors. In addition, morphologically different areas when present, were analyzed separately to study tumor heterogeneity. We found that most (72.5%) of HG-CRCs showed mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. MMR status conditioned the frequency and the clonality of the molecular alterations found. Thus, whereas BRAF mutations and gene fusions were observed only in MMR deficient (MMRd) tumors, TP53, KRAS, and gene amplifications predominated in MMR proficient (MMRp) tumors. In MMRp tumors, gene amplification was a mechanism of progression, whereas the accumulation of mutations in genes of different pathways such as NOTCH, MMR or PIK3CA was involved in the clonal diversity of MMRd HG-CRC. In summary, intertumor and intratumor molecular heterogeneity in HG-CRCs is mainly due to MMR status. Abstract High grade colorectal carcinomas (HG-CRCs), which comprise 15% of colorectal carcinomas, are underrepresented in reported molecular studies. Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 40 HG-CRCs are described. Moreover, glandular and solid areas of 25 tumors were separately analyzed. The expression of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, p53, E-cadherin, CDX2, CK20, CD8, PDL1, PAN-TRK, c-MET, SMARCB1, ARID1A, SMARCA2, and SMARCA4 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Promoter MLH1 methylation was analyzed in tumors with MLH1/PMS2 loss. Next-generation sequencing was used to screen 161 genes for hotspot mutations, copy number variations and gene fusions. In this series, 72.5% of HG-CRCs showed mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd). MMR deficient tumor and MMR proficient (MMRp) tumors showed striking molecular differences. Thus, whereas BRAF mutations were only observed in MMRd tumors, mutations in KRAS and TP53 were more frequent in MMR proficient tumors. Moreover, gene fusions (NTRK1 and MET) were detected only in MMRd tumors, whereas gene amplification (MYC, CCND1 and EGFR) predominated in MMRp/TP53-mutated tumors. Loss of expression of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, such as ARID1A, was observed only in MMRd HG-CRCs, which also showed more frequently PD-L1 expression and a higher number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The separate analysis of glandular and solid areas indicated that the clonal or subclonal nature of the molecular alterations also depended on MMR status. Mutations in genes such as TP53 and KRAS were always clonal in MMRp-CRCs but occurred as subclonal events in MMRd-CRCs. Gene amplification was implicated in the progression of MMRp tumors, but not in MMRd tumors, in which clonal diversity was due to accumulation of mutations in genes of different pathways such as NOTCH, MMR, or PIK3CA. In summary, intertumor and intratumor molecular heterogeneity in HG-CRCs is mainly due to MMR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Perna
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Tamara Caniego-Casas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Eva Cristóbal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Susanna Leskelä
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Federico Longo
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Caminoa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
| | - Almudena Santón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
| | - Reyes Ferreiro
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
| | | | - José Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.); (A.N.); (I.R.-C.); (T.C.-C.); (E.C.); (S.L.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.L.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-368-337
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Bennett JA, Oliva E. Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated neoplasms of the female genital tract. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:137-151. [PMID: 33323288 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated neoplasms in the female gynecologic tract comprise two main groups-undifferentiated carcinoma, most common in the endometrium and ovary, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, although tumors with an undifferentiated appearance may occur in all gynecologic organs. Their differential diagnosis is broad and generous sampling, careful morphological evaluation, judicious use of immunohistochemistry, and in many cases, molecular testing is often essential in the diagnostic work-up. As some of these neoplasms fail to respond to conventional chemotherapy regimens and/or radiation therapy, targeted therapy may be valuable in treating these highly aggressive tumors, thus the importance of precise diagnosis. In this review we discuss the clinicopathological features of undifferentiated carcinoma, dedifferentiated carcinoma, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, followed by a comprehensive analysis of morphological mimickers. Finally, we briefly review ovarian and lower genital tract tumors with an undifferentiated histological appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bennett
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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McCluggage WG, Stewart CJR. SWI/SNF-deficient malignancies of the female genital tract. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:199-211. [PMID: 32978032 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations and other molecular events involving subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex are common in a wide variety of malignancies, including those arising at various sites in the female genital tract. Endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas in the uterine corpus and ovary not uncommonly contain mutations in ARID1A and these also occur in other endometriosis-associated ovarian neoplasms such as seromucinous tumours. In these organs, mutations in SMARCA4, SMARCB1, ARID1A and ARID1B (with subsequent loss of corresponding protein expression as a reliable surrogate) are relatively common in undifferentiated carcinomas, including the undifferentiated component of dedifferentiated carcinoma. SMARCA4 mutations are extremely common (almost ubiquitous) in small cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT), occurring in about 98% of these neoplasms, often in association with epigenetic SMARCA2 loss. SMARCB1-deficient vulval neoplasms include epithelioid sarcoma and myoepithelial carcinoma, as well as related malignancies which defy easy classification. Recently the spectrum of SWI/SNF deficient female genital malignancies has been expanded to include SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma and mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma in ovarian mucinous neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin J R Stewart
- School for Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Bradfield A, Button L, Drury J, Green DC, Hill CJ, Hapangama DK. Investigating the Role of Telomere and Telomerase Associated Genes and Proteins in Endometrial Cancer. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:E63. [PMID: 32899298 PMCID: PMC7565490 DOI: 10.3390/mps3030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the commonest gynaecological malignancy. Current prognostic markers are inadequate to accurately predict patient survival, necessitating novel prognostic markers, to improve treatment strategies. Telomerase has a unique role within the endometrium, whilst aberrant telomerase activity is a hallmark of many cancers. The aim of the current in silico study is to investigate the role of telomere and telomerase associated genes and proteins (TTAGPs) in EC to identify potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EC (568 TTAGPs out of 3467) and ascertained DEGs associated with histological subtypes, higher grade endometrioid tumours and late stage EC. Functional analysis demonstrated that DEGs were predominantly involved in cell cycle regulation, while the survival analysis identified 69 DEGs associated with prognosis. The protein-protein interaction network constructed facilitated the identification of hub genes, enriched transcription factor binding sites and drugs that may target the network. Thus, our in silico methods distinguished many critical genes associated with telomere maintenance that were previously unknown to contribute to EC carcinogenesis and prognosis, including NOP56, WFS1, ANAPC4 and TUBB4A. Probing the prognostic and therapeutic utility of these novel TTAGP markers will form an exciting basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bradfield
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Lucy Button
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Josephine Drury
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Daniel C. Green
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
| | - Christopher J. Hill
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Dharani K. Hapangama
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK; (A.B.); (J.D.); (C.J.H.)
- Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
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Moussa RA, Khalil EZI, Ali AI. Prognostic Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers "E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, ZEB1, ZEB2 and p63" in Bladder Carcinoma. World J Oncol 2019; 10:199-217. [PMID: 31921376 PMCID: PMC6940035 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal markers’ E-cadherin, β-catenin, zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and p63 in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variants of bladder carcinoma (BC) and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic importance. Methods In this retrospective study, 91 patients were enrolled (66 with TCC and 25 with SCC). All patients had full clinical and follow-up data and available paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and correlated with clinicopathological factors. Results In TCC cases, reduced E-cadherin, β-catenin positivity and p63 expression rate were evident in the sitting of increased expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2. Patients with ZEB2 positive tumors were more likely to die compared to those with negative ZEB2 (P = 0.024). Moreover, in patients with muscle-invasive BCs, an intense p63 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). For patients with SCC, there was a reduction in E-cadherin and β-catenin positivity with elevated p63 expression and concomitant increased ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Poor prognosis was evident in association with reduced E-cadherin, positive nuclear β-catenin/reduced membranous β-catenin, ZEB1 and ZEB2 positive cases as well patients with elevated p63 expression (P < 0.001). TCC and SCC cases showed similar poor prognosis in association with elevated p63 expression (P < 0.001). Conclusions In both TCC and SCC variants, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is evident; however, its molecular mechanism shows some variations, specifically this notably different p63 expression pattern among two carcinoma variants with the similar impact of elevated p63 expression pattern on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Ahmed Moussa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Issam Ali
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
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Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma subtypes and provides updates, including the most recent molecular findings from The Cancer Genome Atlas and others. Interpretation of relevant immunohistochemistry and critical diagnostic differential diagnosis with pitfalls are discussed.
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High-grade Endometrial Carcinomas: Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Features, Diagnostic Challenges and Recommendations. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 38 Suppl 1:S40-S63. [PMID: 30550483 PMCID: PMC6296248 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review of challenging diagnostic issues concerning high-grade endometrial carcinomas is derived from the authors' review of the literature followed by discussions at the Endometrial Cancer Workshop sponsored by the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists in 2016. Recommendations presented are evidence-based, insofar as this is possible, given that the levels of evidence are weak or moderate due to small sample sizes and nonuniform diagnostic criteria used in many studies. High-grade endometrioid carcinomas include FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas, serous carcinomas, clear cell carcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, and carcinosarcomas. FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma is diagnosed when an endometrioid carcinoma exhibits >50% solid architecture (excluding squamous areas), or when an architecturally FIGO grade 2 endometrioid carcinoma exhibits marked cytologic atypia, provided that a glandular variant of serous carcinoma has been excluded. The most useful immunohistochemical studies to make the distinction between these 2 histotypes are p53, p16, DNA mismatch repair proteins, PTEN, and ARID1A. Endometrial clear cell carcinomas must display prototypical architectural and cytologic features for diagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains, including, Napsin A and p504s can be used as ancillary diagnostic tools; p53 expression is aberrant in a minority of clear cell carcinomas. Of note, clear cells are found in all types of high-grade endometrial carcinomas, leading to a tendency to overdiagnose clear cell carcinoma. Undifferentiated carcinoma (which when associated with a component of low-grade endometrioid carcinoma is termed "dedifferentiated carcinoma") is composed of sheets of monotonous, typically dyscohesive cells, which can have a rhabdoid appearance; they often exhibit limited expression of cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen, are usually negative for PAX8 and hormone receptors, lack membranous e-cadherin and commonly demonstrate loss of expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins and SWI-SNF chromatin remodeling proteins. Carcinosarcomas must show unequivocal morphologic evidence of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.
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Zhang X, Yu M. Undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma: A selected immunohistochemical panel including PAX-8 and E-cadherin for aiding distinction from other endometrial carcinomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 39:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Undifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma, an Immunohistochemical Study Including PD-L1 Testing of a Series of Cases From a Single Cancer Center. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2018; 37:564-574. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhou X, Wang J, Chen J, Qi Y, Di Nan, Jin L, Qian X, Wang X, Chen Q, Liu X, Xu Y. Optogenetic control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14098. [PMID: 30237527 PMCID: PMC6147862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the most important mechanisms in the initiation and promotion of cancer cell metastasis. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in TGF-β induced EMT, but the complicated TGF-β signaling network makes it challenging to dissect the important role of PI3K on regulation of EMT process. Here, we applied optogenetic controlled PI3K module (named ‘Opto-PI3K’), which based on CRY2 and the N-terminal of CIB1 (CIBN), to rapidly and reversibly control the endogenous PI3K activity in cancer cells with light. By precisely modulating the kinetics of PI3K activation, we found that E-cadherin is an important downstream target of PI3K signaling. Compared with TGF-β treatment, Opto-PI3K had more potent effect in down-regulation of E-cadherin expression, which was demonstrated to be regulated in a light dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, sustained PI3K activation induced partial EMT state in A549 cells that is highly reversible. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Opto-PI3K only partially mimicked TGF-β effects on promotion of cell migration in vitro. These results reveal the importance of PI3K signaling in TGF-β induced EMT, suggesting other TGF-β regulated signaling pathways are necessary for the full and irreversible promotion of EMT in cancer cells. In addition, our study implicates the great promise of optogenetics in cancer research for mapping input-output relationships in oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Junye Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuankai Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Di Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Luhong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaohan Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qingyong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Optical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Cevenini A, Orrù S, Mancini A, Alfieri A, Buono P, Imperlini E. Molecular Signatures of the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1-mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast, Lung and Gastric Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082411. [PMID: 30111747 PMCID: PMC6122069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, which is constituted by the IGF-1 and IGF-2 peptide hormones, their corresponding receptors and several IGF binding proteins, is involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. The IGF system promotes cancer proliferation/survival and its signaling induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which contributes to the migration, invasiveness, and metastasis of epithelial tumors. These cancers share two major IGF-1R signaling transduction pathways, PI3K/AKT and RAS/MEK/ERK. However, as far as we could review at this time, each type of cancer cell undergoes EMT through tumor-specific routes. Here, we review the tumor-specific molecular signatures of IGF-1-mediated EMT in breast, lung, and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Cevenini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- IRCCS SDN, Via Francesco Crispi 8, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andreina Alfieri
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
- IRCCS SDN, Via Francesco Crispi 8, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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Xavier PLP, Cordeiro YG, Rochetti AL, Sangalli JR, Zuccari DAPC, Silveira JC, Bressan FF, Fukumasu H. ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcription factors are potential therapeutic targets of canine mammary cancer cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:596-605. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. P. Xavier
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Yonara G. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Arina L. Rochetti
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Juliano R. Sangalli
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Debora A. P. C. Zuccari
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer (LIMC); Faculty of Medicine of São Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São Jose do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Juliano C. Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Fabiana F. Bressan
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphophysiology and Development (LMMD), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine; Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
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Harb OA, Elfeky MA, El Shafaay BS, Taha HF, Osman G, Harera IS, Gertallah LM, Abdelmonem DM, Embaby A. SPOP, ZEB-1 and E-cadherin expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cc-RCC): Clinicopathological and prognostic significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:335-345. [PMID: 29801752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cc-RCC), is a serious cancer regarding; its fatality, liability for metastases and chemoresistance, so identification of recent therapeutic targets to improve the patients prognosis is needed. SPOP is a BTB/POZ domain containing speckle-type POZ protein, has been identified as an E3 ubiquitin ligase component. ZEB1 is an essential epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) activator; E-cadherin is a cell adhesion protein that had been detected in normal epithelial cells membrane. AIM Was to assess the tissue protein markers SPOP, ZEB1 & E-cadherin expressions in benign areas of neoplastic kidney specimens and in cc-RCC patients, then correlating their expression levels with patients clinicopathological and prognostic data. METHODS We evaluated SPOP, ZEB-1 & E-cadherin expression using immunohistochemistry in samples from 50 cc-RCC and 20 benign areas of neoplastic kidney specimens, then we followed our patients for 5 years and finally we have analyzed correlations between the levels of markers expressions with patients clinicopathological and prognostic criteria in cc-RCC. RESULTS Positive expression of SPOP & ZEB1 in addition to negative E- cadherin expression was detected in cc-RCC more than benign areas of neoplastic kidney specimens (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001 respectively). In cc-RCC Positive expression of SPOP, ZEB1 and negative E- cadherin expression was associated with higher grade (p = 0.006, 0.007 & <0.001 respectively), advanced AJCC stage (p = 0.013, 0.023 & <0.001 respectively), presence of L.N metastases (p = 0.002 = 0.010 and <0.001 respectively), distant metastases (p = 0.001, 0.003 & 0.035 respectively), poor PFS and OS rates (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013 respectively). CONCLUSION Positive expression of SPOP& ZEB1 in addition to negative E- cadherin are associated with poor prognosis in cc-RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A Harb
- Department of Pathology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mariem A Elfeky
- Department of Pathology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Basant Sh El Shafaay
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba F Taha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Osman
- Department of General surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ibtsam Shehta Harera
- Department of General surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Loay M Gertallah
- Department of General surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Embaby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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25
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Soslow RA, Murali R. A guided tour of selected issues pertaining to metastatic carcinomas involving or originating from the gynecologic tract. Semin Diagn Pathol 2018; 35:95-107. [PMID: 29248205 PMCID: PMC5821534 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial metastases originating from the gynecologic tract or secondarily involving it frequently display a different morphology when compared to the primary tumor. Furthermore, issues such as modes of metastasis, appropriate nomenclature and prognostic significance remain subjects of discussion and some skepticism. In this review, we will discuss: metastases to uterine adnexa; serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC); serous borderline tumors; metastases from the uterine corpus; and “synchronous” endometrial and ovarian tumors. Three additional themes that will run through the discussions are those that are peculiar, although not restricted to the gynecologic tract: metastasis from non-invasive primary tumors, metastases that look benign and metastases that are benign or clinically indolent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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26
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Wen KC, Sung PL, Chou YT, Pan CM, Wang PH, Lee OKS, Wu CW. The role of EpCAM in tumor progression and the clinical prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 148:383-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Hussein YR, Soslow RA. Molecular insights into the classification of high-grade endometrial carcinoma. Pathology 2017; 50:151-161. [PMID: 29246451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma, which is associated with a mortality rate of approximately 20%, is the most common gynecological malignancy in the Western world. It is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple histotypes, each constituting a different disease entity. However, interobserver diagnostic agreement is suboptimal, particularly among the most lethal histotypes. Most recent data also indicate that histotype assignment is not independently associated with survival, while in contrast, clinicopathological risk stratification and genomic classification are significantly prognostic. Recent work has shown that there are four molecular subgroups of endometrioid carcinomas instead of the two types proposed by Bokhman in the 1970s. Carcinomas with polymerase E (POLE) exonuclease domain hotspot mutations are highly prognostically favourable; those with copy-number alterations and TP53 mutations are highly aggressive; and microsatellite unstable and 'copy-number low' endometrioid carcinomas are associated with intermediate prognoses. This review summarises the genetic foundations of the various histotypes of endometrial carcinoma and synthesises this information in the form of algorithms, or classifiers, that recapitulate genomic classification that is not only prognostic, but also potentially diagnostic and therapeutically predictive. A review of Lynch syndrome and Lynch-like syndrome is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser R Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, United States
| | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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28
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Wong SHM, Fang CM, Chuah LH, Leong CO, Ngai SC. E-cadherin: Its dysregulation in carcinogenesis and clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 121:11-22. [PMID: 29279096 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein which connects epithelial cells together at adherens junctions. In normal cells, E-cadherin exerts its tumour suppressing role mainly by sequestering β-catenin from its binding to LEF (Lymphoid enhancer factor)/TCF (T cell factor) which serves the function of transcribing genes of the proliferative Wnt signaling pathway. Despite the ongoing debate on whether the loss of E-cadherin is the cause or effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), E-cadherin functional loss has frequently been associated with poor prognosis and survival in patients of various cancers. The dysregulation of E-cadherin expression that leads to carcinogenesis happens mostly at the epigenetic level but there are cases of genetic alterations as well. E-cadherin expression has been linked to the cellular functions of invasiveness reduction, growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and differentiation. Studies on various cancers have shown that these different cellular functions are also interdependent. Recent studies have reported a rapid expansion of E-cadherin clinical relevance in various cancers. This review article summarises the multifaceted effect E-cadherin expression has on cellular functions in the context of carcinogenesis as well as its clinical implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia How Ming Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Mun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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Kurata A, Yamada M, Ohno SI, Inoue S, Hashimoto H, Fujita K, Takanashi M, Kuroda M. Expression level of microRNA-200c is associated with cell morphology in vitro and histological differentiation through regulation of ZEB1/2 and E-cadherin in gastric carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:91-100. [PMID: 29138864 PMCID: PMC5783608 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Scirrhous type gastric cancer is characterized by diffuse infiltration of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells and poor prognosis. Although association of poorly differentiated histology with reduction in E-cadherin expression, as well as association of microRNA (miR)-200c with E-cadherin through regulation of ZEB1/2, has been reported, participation of miR-200c in gastric carcinogenesis is not fully understood. We used 6 cell lines originating from gastric cancers, and investigated levels of miR-200c along with its target mRNAs ZEB1/2 and E-cadherin by qRT-PCR. ZEB1 and E-cadherin protein expression was also assessed via western blotting. Furthermore, we investigated the expression levels of miR-200c by in situ hybridization, along with the expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin by immunohistochemistry, in 97 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. Inverse correlation between miR-200c and ZEB1 levels were obtained by qRT-PCR in cell lines (P<0.05). Cell lines with low miR-200c and high ZEB1 exhibited low E-cadherin expression in both qRT-PCR and western blotting, and exhibited spindle-shaped morphology, in contrast to round cell morphology in those cell lines with high miR-200c levels. Inverse correlations were also obtained between miR-200c and ZEB1 as well as between ZEB1 and E-cadherin levels in tissue samples (P<0.001). Cancer tissues with low miR-200c, high ZEB1, and low E-cadherin expression were associated with poorly differentiated histology, in contrast to tubular form in cancers with high miR-200c expression levels (P<0.001). Our data revealed that downregulation of miR-200c primarily regulated cell morphology by downregulation of E-cadherin through upregulation of ZEB1, leading to poorly differentiated histology in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ohno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Takanashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Li F, Liang A, Lv Y, Liu G, Jiang A, Liu P. MicroRNA-200c Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting the BMI-1 Gene Through the Phospho-AKT Pathway in Endometrial Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5139-5149. [PMID: 29080395 PMCID: PMC5673031 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is a short non-coding RNA that has a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of miR-200c in cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometrial carcinoma cells in vitro. Material/Methods Potential direct targets of miR-200c were identified through the TargetScan database. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used study the expression of miR-200c in the endometrial carcinoma cell lines, Ishikawa and JEC, in vitro. Cell migration was studied using transwell assays. Expression of the mesenchymal marker, N-cadherin, the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, the transcription factor, Slug, the BMI-1 protein, AKT, and p-AKT were measured using Western blot. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence the BMI-1 gene to study the targeting effect. Results Over-expression of miR-200c in Ishikawa and JEC cells resulted in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Western blot showed that overexpression of miR-200c downregulated the expression of the BMI-1 protein, p-AKT, N-cadherin and Slug, and the expression E-cadherin was upregulated; silencing miR-200c reversed these results. Silencing the BMI-1 gene inhibited EMT and suppressed p-AKT in miR-200c-inhibited endometrial carcinoma cells by increasing E-cadherin expression, reducing the expression of N-cadherin and the EMT-associated transcription factor, Slug. Conclusions In endometrial carcinoma cells in vitro, miR-200c inhibited EMT by targeting the BMI-1 gene through the p-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Aihua Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Peoples' Hospital of Guiyang City, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Guohong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Aili Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Protein kinase B: emerging mechanisms of isoform-specific regulation of cellular signaling in cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:569-580. [PMID: 28379898 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is one of the multifaceted kinases in the human kinome, existing in three isoforms. PKB plays a vital role in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated oncogenesis in various malignancies and is one of the attractive targets for cancer drug discovery. Recent studies have shown that the functional significance of an individual isoform of PKB is not redundant in cancer. It has been found that PKB isoforms play distinct roles in the regulation of cellular invasion and migration during tumorigenesis. PKB activation plays a central role during epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a cellular program required for the cancer cell invasion and migration. However, the differential behavior of each PKB isoform has been shown in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Recent studies have suggested that PKBα (Akt1) plays a conflicting role in tumorigenesis by acting either as a pro-oncogenic factor by suppressing the apoptotic machinery or by restricting tumor invasion. PKBβ (Akt2) promotes cell migration and invasion and similarly PKBγ (Akt3) has been reported to promote tumor migration. As PKB is known for its pro-oncogenic properties, it needs to be unraveled how three isoforms of PKB compensate during tumor progression. In this review, we attempted to sum up how different isoforms of PKB play a role in cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Endometrium: An Expanded Immunohistochemical Analysis Including PAX-8 and Basal-Like Carcinoma Surrogate Markers. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2017; 35:410-8. [PMID: 26598976 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the endometrium (UCAe) is an aggressive, underrecognized high-grade carcinoma that can occur either in pure form or in conjunction with low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma (i.e. dedifferentiated carcinoma). The typical solid growth pattern of UCAe can create a diagnostic dilemma as it is frequently misinterpreted as the solid component of an endometrial carcinoma or as a sarcoma. In addition, the high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, high mitotic index, and geographic necrosis are reminiscent of basal-like carcinoma of breast (BLCB). This study was undertaken to determine the role of a selected group of immunomarkers in the distinction of UCAe from other endometrial carcinomas, and assess the expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins, and surrogate BLCB immunomarkers in this type of tumor. Cases of UCAe were stained with antibodies against keratin cocktail, CK8/18, PAX-8, and estrogen receptor: 35 cases; progesterone receptor and Her-2/neu: 33 cases; CD44, e-cadherin, p16, and p53: 32 cases; and CK5/6, EGFR, and c-Kit: 18 cases. In addition, mismatch repair protein markers MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were performed in 34 cases. We found that PAX-8 expression was lost in most cases (83%). In addition, estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative in 83% and 82% of cases, respectively. Seventy-seven percent of cases were positive for keratin cocktail and keratin 8/18, whereas only 11% of cases were positive for keratin 5/6. p16 was diffusely positive in 34% of cases, whereas p53 was expressed in >75% of the tumor cells in 31% of cases. MLH1 and PMS2 were concurrently lost in 50% of cases, whereas MSH2 and MSH6 were lost in 1 case (3%). E-cadherin and CD44 were completely lost in 50% of cases, whereas Her-2/neu was negative in all cases. EGFR was negative in 67% of cases, whereas 22% of cases showed diffuse membranous staining for this marker. UCAe is a high-grade carcinoma of Müllerian origin which tends to be negative for PAX-8. The loss of this marker appears to be a more reliable discriminator than the loss of keratin expression in the differential diagnosis with endometrioid carcinoma or serous carcinoma. UCAe tends to be diffusely positive for p53, but patchy positive for p16. Although UCAe appears to share not only some histologic features with BLCB, but also some of its immunohistochemical features (loss of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her-2/neu, a tendency to loose e-cadherin and to express CD44), UCAe appears not to be related to BLCB because it usually lacks the expression EGFR, CK5/6, and c-Kit.
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33
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Wu LY, Ma XP, Shi Y, Bao CH, Jin XM, Lu Y, Zhao JM, Zhou CL, Chen D, Liu HR. Alterations in microRNA expression profiles in inflamed and noninflamed ascending colon mucosae of patients with active Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1706-1715. [PMID: 28261881 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of the terminal ileum, sigmoid colon, and rectal mucosa of adult patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) have been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to identify dysregulated miRNAs in the mucosa of the ascending colon. METHODS Biopsy tissue samples were taken from the mucosae of inflammatory (iCD) or noninflammatory (niCD) areas of the ascending colons of adult patients with active CD. miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were detected using microarray analyses. miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) demonstrating significant differences were validated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter genes were used to measure two miRNAs inhibition of potential target genes in human 293T cells in vitro. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the ascending colon miRNA expression profiles revealed that 43 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 35 were downregulated in the iCD group. The mRNA expression profiles indicated that 3370 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in the ascending colon, with 2169 upregulated and 1201 downregulated mRNAs in the iCD group, and only 20 miRNAs demonstrated significant differential expression in the niCD group. In contrast, nearly 100 miRNAs significantly varied between the iCD and niCD groups. Finally, luciferase reporter gene assays showed that hsa-miR-16-1 directly regulated the human C10orf54 gene and that they were negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were related to immune inflammation and intestinal flora. The data provide preliminary evidence that the occurrence of CD involves the inhibition of C10orf54 expression by hsa-miR-16-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yi Wu
- Qigong Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Hui Bao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Ming Jin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dai Chen
- Novel Bioinformatics Company, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The long non-coding RNA MIAT regulates zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 expression by sponging miR-150 and promoteing cell invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer. Gene 2017; 633:61-65. [PMID: 28843520 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), was originally identified as a candidate gene for myocardial infarction, and was recently shown to participate in the progression of cancer and the process of metastasis. However, the biological role of MIAT and the underlying mechanisms that mediate its role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Here, we have shown that the expression of MIAT in NSCLC tissues was upregulated. Knockdown of MIAT substantially inhibited the invasive ability of NSCLC cells. Moreover, the knockdown of MIAT significantly downregulated the expression of the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), that was upregulated in NSCLC and that promoted cell invasion. Rather than by direct interactions, we found that MIAT indirectly regulated ZEB1 expression through sponging and suppressing microRNA (miR)-150, which represses ZEB1 and interacts with MIAT in a sequence-specific manner. Thus, MIAT may inhibit ZEB1 expression and promote cell invasion of NSCLC cells via the miR-150/ZEB1 pathway. Taken together, our findings suggested that MIAT plays an oncogenic role in NSCLC through the ZEB1 signaling pathway by sponging miR-150, and MIAT may therefore serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Yanokura M, Banno K, Adachi M, Aoki D, Abe K. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing reveals miR-663a is a novel epimutation candidate in CIMP-high endometrial cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1934-1946. [PMID: 28440489 PMCID: PMC5435325 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is widely observed in many cancers. Concurrent DNA methylation of multiple genes occurs in endometrial cancer and is referred to as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). However, the features and causes of CIMP-positive endometrial cancer are not well understood. To investigate DNA methylation features characteristic to CIMP-positive endometrial cancer, we first classified samples from 25 patients with endometrial cancer based on the methylation status of three genes, i.e. MLH1, CDH1 (E-cadherin) and APC: CIMP-high (CIMP-H, 2/25, 8.0%), CIMP-low (CIMP-L, 7/25, 28.0%) and CIMP-negative (CIMP(-), 16/25, 64.0%). We then selected two samples each from CIMP-H and CIMP(-) classes, and analyzed DNA methylation status of both normal (peripheral blood cells: PBCs) and cancer tissues by genome-wide, targeted bisulfite sequencing. Genomes of the CIMP-H cancer tissues were significantly hypermethylated compared to those of the CIMP(-). Surprisingly, in normal tissues of the CIMP-H patients, promoter region of the miR-663a locus is hypermethylated relative to CIMP(-) samples. Consistent with this finding, miR-663a expression was lower in the CIMP-H PBCs than in the CIMP(-) PBCs. The same region of the miR663a locus is found to be highly methylated in cancer tissues of both CIMP-H and CIMP(-) cases. This is the first report showing that aberrant DNA methylation of the miR-663a promoter can occur in normal tissue of the cancer patients, suggesting a possible link between this epigenetic abnormality and endometrial cancer. This raises the possibility that the hypermethylation of the miR-663a promoter represents an epimutation associated with the CIMP-H endometrial cancers. Based on these findings, relationship of the aberrant DNA methylation and CIMP-H phenotype is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yanokura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
- Technology and Development Team for Mammalian Genome Dynamics, RIKEN BioResource Cente, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kuniya Abe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
- Technology and Development Team for Mammalian Genome Dynamics, RIKEN BioResource Cente, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074
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Logan PC, Yango P, Tran ND. Endometrial Stromal and Epithelial Cells Exhibit Unique Aberrant Molecular Defects in Patients With Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:140-159. [PMID: 28490276 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117704905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes pain and infertility in women of reproductive age. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathologic pathways in endometrial stromal and epithelial cells that contribute to the manifestation of endometriosis. DESIGN In vitro cellular and molecular analyses of isolated eutopic endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. METHODS Eutopic stromal and epithelial cells from endometriotic and normal patients were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for paired sibling RNA sequencing and microRNA microarray. Aberrant pathways were identified using ingenuity pathway analysis networks and confirmed with in vitro modulation of the affected pathways in stromal and epithelial cell cultures. RESULTS Both stromal versus epithelial cell types and paired endometriotic versus normal samples exhibited distinct hierarchical clustering. Compared to normal samples, there were 151 and 215 differentially expressed genes in the endometriotic stromal and epithelial populations, respectively, and concomitantly 9 and 16 differentially expressed microRNAs. Overall, endometriotic stromal and epithelial cells revealed distinct defects. In endometriotic stromal cells, key decidualization genes Zinc finger E-box Binding protein 1 (ZEB1), Heart And Neural crest Derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2), WNT4, and Interleukin 15 (IL-15) were found to be downregulated and Periostin (POSTN) and Matrix Metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7) were upregulated. Specifically, ZEB1 was downregulated in stromal cells by aberrant elevation in miR-200b. In contrast, ZEB1 was found to be upregulated in endometriotic epithelial cells through associated upregulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), inducer of the TGFβ1-Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2)-MMP2-Prostaglandin-endoperoxide Synthase 2 (COX2)-ZEB1 pathway, which activates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION Manifestation of endometriosis involves dysregulation of unique molecular pathways within the diseased endometrial stromal and epithelial cells in the endometrium. Targeting the cell type-specific defects may offer a novel approach to treating endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Logan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Yango
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nam D Tran
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yao X, Sun S, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Guo W, Zhang L. Clinicopathological significance of ZEB-1 and E-cadherin proteins in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:781-790. [PMID: 28243114 PMCID: PMC5315354 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB-1), a member of the ZFH family, plays a key role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition during tumor progression in various cancers. However, little information is available on ZEB-1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression levels of ZEB-1 and E-cadherin were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 120 patients with OSCC treated by curative operation, and then the correlations between ZEB-1 and E-cadherin expression and clinical factors were evaluated, including patient prognosis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were performed to assess mRNA levels of ZEB-1 and E-cadherin in 20 matched OSCC specimens. Results Patients were followed up for a median period of 66 months (range 8−116 months), and 5-year overall survival was 68.3%. Positive ZEB-1 and E-cadherin immunostaining reactivity was detected in 64 (53.3%) and 53 (44.2%) patients, respectively. There was a negative correlation between ZEB-1 expression and E-cadherin expression. In addition, overexpression of ZEB-1 was significantly associated with recurrence, lymph node metastasis, and pathologic grading of patients, loss of E-cadherin was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and pathologic grading of patients. Univariate analysis showed that increased ZEB-1 expression, loss of E-cadherin expression, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and pathology grade were prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, increased ZEB-1 expression and recurrence remained independent prognostic factors. In particular, patients with both ZEB-1 positivity and loss of E-cadherin expression had a poorer prognosis. qRT-PCR showed that ZEB-1 mRNA expression was higher in OSCC compared to the adjacent nontumorous tissues, while E-cadherin mRNA expression was lower in tumor tissues. Conclusion This study shows that overexpression of ZEB-1 and loss of E-cadherin expression are significantly correlated with poor survival in OSCC patients, and ZEB-1 expression might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Cancer-Related Triplets of mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA Revealed by Integrative Network in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3859582. [PMID: 28280730 PMCID: PMC5320387 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3859582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of transcriptome expression level is a complex process involving multiple-level interactions among molecules such as protein coding RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), which are essential for the transcriptome stability and maintenance and regulation of body homeostasis. The availability of multilevel expression data enables a comprehensive view of the regulatory network. In this study, we analyzed the coding and noncoding gene expression profiles of 301 patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). A new method was proposed to construct a genome-wide integrative network based on variance inflation factor (VIF) regression method. The cross-regulation relations of mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA were then selected based on clique-searching algorithm from the network, when any two molecules of the three were shown as interacting according to the integrative network. Such relation, which we call the mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA triplet, demonstrated the complexity in transcriptome regulation process. Finally, six UCEC-related triplets were selected in which the mRNA participates in endometrial carcinoma pathway, such as CDH1 and TP53. The multi-type RNAs are proved to be cross-regulated as to each of the six triplets according to literature. All the triplets demonstrated the association with the initiation and progression of UCEC. Our method provides a comprehensive strategy for the investigation of transcriptome regulation mechanism.
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Interobserver Agreement in Endometrial Carcinoma Histotype Diagnosis Varies Depending on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-based Molecular Subgroup. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:245-252. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Han J, Ki EY, Rha SE, Hur S, Lee A. Dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus : report of four cases and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:17. [PMID: 28069049 PMCID: PMC5223350 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma (DEAC) is rare and is known to be more aggressive than high-grade endometrioid carcinoma. Differentiating between the two is important to provide appropriate treatment for patients. Case presentation This is a retrospective study including four cases of DEAC of the uterus, which was diagnosed and treated in our Obstetrics and Gynecology department between January 2013 and December 2015. Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical staining features are discussed. Each tumor was composed of undifferentiated carcinoma (UC) and low-grade endometrioid carcinoma with abrupt transition between them. Two patients showed recurrence or progression within one month postoperatively and died at the last follow-up. An immunohistochemical study showed PAX-8, ER, PR, and E-cadherin expression in UC component. Conclusions DEAC should not be underdiagnosed as conventional endometrioid adenocarcinoma due to its fulminant clinical course. Therefore, UC, including DEAC, should be further categorized to provide intensive treatment to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheun Han
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Ki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Rha
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SooYoung Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Bao X, Ren T, Huang Y, Ren C, Yang K, Zhang H, Guo W. Bortezomib induces apoptosis and suppresses cell growth and metastasis by inactivation of Stat3 signaling in chondrosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:477-486. [PMID: 28000897 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib, formerly known as PS341, is a novel proteasome inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic effects in many malignancies. However, diverse antitumor mechanisms of bortezomib have been identified in many investigations and preclinical studies. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which bortezomib acts will improve the therapeutic utility of this drug in different cancer types. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of bortezomib on chondrosarcoma. Bortezomib selectively inhibited cell growth in chondrosarcoma cells but not in normal articular cartilage cells. In addition to growth inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, bortezomib triggered alleviation of migratory and invasive properties of chondrosarcoma cells. Mechanistically, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and its downstream targets Bcl-2, cyclin D1 and c-Myc was inactivated by bortezomib treatment. Accordingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated Stat3 knockdown enhanced bortezomib-induced apoptosis, and concomitantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of bortezomib on cell viability, migration and invasion. Moreover, while Slug, MMP9, MMP2, CD44, N-cadherin and vimentin, the mesenchymal cell markers, were repressed by bortezomib concomitant increased expression of E-cadherin was observed. In vivo, bortezomib downregulated Stat3 activity and mesenchymal cell marker expression, induced apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis and tumor growth. Together, inactivation of Stat3 signaling contributes to bortezomib-induced inhibition of tumor growth, migration and invation on chondrosarcoma. Bortezomib demonstrates an antineoplastic role on chondrosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. These beneficial effects can be explained by bortezomib-mediated Stat3 supression. The present study suggests a promising therapeutics target in chondrosarcoma and probably in other kinds of metastatic malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Bao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Chongmin Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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Rosa-Rosa J, Leskelä S, Cristóbal-Lana E, Santón A, López-García M, Muñoz G, Pérez-Mies B, Biscuola M, Prat J, Oliva E, Soslow R, Matias-Guiu X, Palacios J. Molecular genetic heterogeneity in undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1390-1398. [PMID: 27491810 PMCID: PMC5708881 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas are rare and highly aggressive subtypes of uterine cancer, not well characterized at a molecular level. To investigate whether dedifferentiated carcinomas carry molecular genetic alterations similar to those of pure undifferentiated carcinomas, and to gain insight into the pathogenesis of these tumors, we selected a cohort of 18 undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas, 8 of them with a well-differentiated endometrioid carcinoma component (dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinomas), and studied them by immunohistochemistry and massive parallel and Sanger sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing of the endometrioid and undifferentiated components, as well as normal myometrium, was also carried out in one case. According to The Cancer Genome Atlas classification, we distributed 95% of the undifferentiated carcinomas in this series as follows: (a) hypermutated tumors with loss of any mismatch repair protein expression and microsatellite instability (eight cases, 45%); (b) ultramutated carcinomas carrying mutations in the exonuclease domain of POLE (two cases, 11%); (c) high copy number alterations (copy-number high) tumors group exhibiting only TP53 mutations and high number of alterations detected by FISH (two cases, 11%); and (d) low copy number alterations (copy-number low) tumors with molecular alterations typical of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (five cases, 28%). Two of the latter cases, however, also had TP53 mutations and higher number of alterations detected by FISH and could have progressed to a copy-number high phenotype. Most dedifferentiated carcinomas belonged to the hypermutated group, whereas pure undifferentiated carcinomas shared molecular genetic alterations with copy-number low or copy-number high tumors. These results indicate that undifferentiated and dedifferentiated endometrial carcinomas are molecularly heterogeneous tumors, which may have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Rosa-Rosa
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding authors: Juan Manuel Rosa Rosa, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo km 9,100, 28034 Madrid (Spain), ,
| | - S. Leskelä
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cristóbal-Lana
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Santón
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - M.A. López-García
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - G. Muñoz
- UCA en Genómica Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Pérez-Mies
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Biscuola
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. Prat
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R.A. Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - X. Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics HUAV, Dept de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida, Univeristy of Lleida, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Palacios
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding authors: Juan Manuel Rosa Rosa, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo km 9,100, 28034 Madrid (Spain), ,
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Stope MB, Koensgen D, Weimer J, Paditz M, Burchardt M, Bauerschlag D, Mustea A. The future therapy of endometrial cancer: microRNA's functionality, capability, and putative clinical application. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:889-895. [PMID: 27637583 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometrial cancer (EC) therapy is characterized by the heterogeneity of EC subtypes resulting in unclear clinical behavior as well as in unsatisfactory treatment options. The available biomarkers, such as cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase (PTEN), and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) genes alone might not be sufficient, and thus, new predictive and prognostic biomarkers are urgently required. The biomolecule class of microRNA represents a group of endogenously expressed regulatory factors primarily involved in control of pivotal cancer-related mechanisms including cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Here, we review the current state of science regarding microRNA functionality in EC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B Stope
- Cancer Laboratory, Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dominique Koensgen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jörg Weimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Madeleine Paditz
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Burchardt
- Cancer Laboratory, Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Wang X, Li X, Huang C, Li L, Qu H, Yu X, Ni H, Cui Q. Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of human endometrial carcinoma cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:772-776. [PMID: 27098518 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1163673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of transcriptional regulators, being tumor-suppressive in various types of cancers, but not clear in human endometrial carcinoma (EC). We investigated the KLF-4 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in 29 EC specimens with RT-qPCR and Western blotting methods, and then to determine its promotion to Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation of EC Ishikawa cells, via analyzing EMT-associated markers and via CCK-8 and colony forming assay. We found the downregulation of KLF-4 in the 29 EC specimens, correlating with the EC malignance. Moreover, we confirmed reduced levels of EMT and cell proliferation of Ishikawa cells post-KLF-4 overexpression. In conclusion, the significantly reduced KLF-4 correlated with the EC malignance. And the overexpressed KLF-4 promoted the EMT and proliferation of EC cells in vitro. The present study recognized the tumor suppressive role of KLF-4 in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Cuiping Huang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Lei Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Hongmei Qu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Huijie Ni
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
| | - Qing Cui
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University , Yantai , Shandong , China
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Loss of switch/sucrose non-fermenting complex protein expression is associated with dedifferentiation in endometrial carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:302-14. [PMID: 26743474 PMCID: PMC4980656 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma is an aggressive type of endometrial cancer that contains a mix of low-grade endometrioid and undifferentiated carcinoma components. We performed targeted sequencing of eight dedifferentiated carcinomas and identified somatic frameshift/nonsense mutations in SMARCA4, a core ATPase of the switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex, in the undifferentiated components of four tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the loss of SMARCA4 in the undifferentiated component of these four SMARCA4-mutated cases, whereas the corresponding low-grade endometrioid component showed retained SMARCA4 expression. An expanded survey of other members of the SWI/SNF complex showed SMARCB1 loss in the undifferentiated component of two SMARCA4-intact tumors, and all SMARCA4- or SMARCB1-deficient tumors showed concomitant loss of expression of SMARCA2. We subsequently examined the expression of SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1 in an additional set of 22 centrally reviewed dedifferentiated carcinomas and 31 grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas. Combining the results from the index and the expansion set, 15 of 30 (50%) of the dedifferentiated carcinomas examined showed either concurrent SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 loss (37%) or concurrent SMARCB1 and SMARCA2 loss (13%) in the undifferentiated component. The loss of SMARCA4 or SMARCB1 was mutually exclusive. All 31 grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas showed intact expression of these core SWI/SNF proteins. The majority (73%) of the SMARCA4/SMARCA2-deficient and half of SMARCB1/SMARCA2-deficient undifferentiated component developed in a mismatch repair-deficient molecular context. The observed spatial association between SWI/SNF protein loss and histologic dedifferentiation suggests that inactivation of these core SWI/SNF proteins may contribute to the development of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma.
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Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer: connecting PI3K, estrogen signaling, and microRNAs. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 18:1056-1061. [PMID: 26856598 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) prognosis is dependent on many factors such as time of diagnosis, histological type, and degree of invasion. Type I EC has a more favorable prognosis as it is less prone to myometrial invasion, which is believed to be the first step in the metastatic cascade. Type II EC displays a more aggressive and motile phenotype, and therefore has a poorer prognosis. Recent work suggests that despite the epithelial nature of Type I and Type II endometrial tumors, both are capable of undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which may facilitate myometrial invasion and metastasis. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway has been shown to contribute to EMT through the upregulation of EMT-associated factors. Recent research has also linked estrogen signaling and microRNAs to the regulatory mechanisms that drive EMT in EC. Understanding the intricate relationships between these pathways will provide a better understanding of metastatic progression in EC.
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Makker A, Goel MM. Tumor progression, metastasis, and modulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: an update. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R85-R111. [PMID: 26538531 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), also known as type 1 endometrial cancer (EC), accounts for over 70-80% of all cases that are usually associated with estrogen stimulation and often develops in a background of atypical endometrial hyperplasia. The increased incidence of EC is mainly confined to this type of cancer. Most EEC patients present at an early stage and generally have a favorable prognosis; however, up to 30% of EEC present as high risk tumors, which have invaded deep into the myometrium at diagnosis and progressively lead to local or extra pelvic metastasis. The poor survival of advanced EC is related to the lack of effective therapies, which can be attributed to poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of disease toward invasion and metastasis. Multiple lines of evidence illustrate that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like events are central to tumor progression and malignant transformation, endowing the incipient cancer cell with invasive and metastatic properties. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on molecular events associated with EMT in progression, invasion, and metastasis of EEC. Further, the role of epigenetic modifications and microRNA regulation, tumor microenvironment, and microcystic elongated and fragmented glands like invasion pattern have been discussed. We believe this article may perhaps stimulate further research in this field that may aid in identifying high risk patients within this clinically challenging patient group and also lead to the recognition of novel targets for the prevention of metastasis - the most fatal consequence of endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Makker
- Post Graduate Department of PathologyKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Post Graduate Department of PathologyKing George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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48
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Romero-Pérez L, Garcia-Sanz P, Mota A, Leskelä S, Hergueta-Redondo M, Díaz-Martín J, López-García MA, Castilla MA, Martínez-Ramírez A, Soslow RA, Matias-Guiu X, Moreno-Bueno G, Palacios J. A role for the transducer of the Hippo pathway, TAZ, in the development of aggressive types of endometrial cancer. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1492-503. [PMID: 26381823 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although TAZ, the final effector of the Hippo pathway that modulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness, has been implicated in the development of different types of cancer, its role in endometrial cancer has not yet been studied. Thus, we evaluated the expression of TAZ in different types of endometrial cancer by immunohistochemistry. TAZ expression was detected in 76% of undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas, 54% of endometrial carcinosarcomas, 46% of endometrial serous carcinomas, 36% of grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas, and 18% of grade 1-2 endometrioid carcinomas, with statistically significant differences. We analyzed the WWTR1 gene that encodes TAZ by FISH and MassARRAY spectrometry, ruling out gene amplification and differential promoter methylation as the main mechanisms that modulate TAZ expression in endometrial tumors. However, we did detect a significant association between Scribble hypoexpression and delocalization with TAZ expression. Moreover, we demonstrated that TAZ promoted invasiveness, and it favored cell motility and tumor growth, in endometrial cancer cell lines. In addition, TAZ expression was associated with the transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, both in vitro and in human tumors. Together, these data reveal a previously unknown role for TAZ and the Hippo pathway in the progression of aggressive subtypes of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Romero-Pérez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson International Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Mota
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson International Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Leskelä
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hergueta-Redondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Angeles López-García
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Angeles Castilla
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson International Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Dhayat SA, Hüsing A, Senninger N, Schmidt HH, Haier J, Wolters H, Kabar I. Circulating microRNA-200 Family as Diagnostic Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140066. [PMID: 26447841 PMCID: PMC4598187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Goals In this clinical study, we aimed to evaluate the role of circulating microRNA-200 family as a non-invasive tool to identify patients with cirrhosis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Background Prognosis of HCC remains poor with increasing incidence worldwide, mainly related to liver cirrhosis. So far, no reliable molecular targets exist for early detection of HCC at surgically manageable stages. Recently, we identified members of the microRNA-200 family as potential diagnostic markers of cirrhosis-associated HCC in patient tissue samples. Their value as circulating biomarkers for HCC remained undefined. Methods Blood samples and clinicopathological data of consecutive patients with liver diseases were collected prospectively. Expression of the microRNA-200 family was investigated by qRT-PCR in blood serum samples of 22 HCC patients with and without cirrhosis. Serum samples of patients with non-cancerous chronic liver cirrhosis (n = 22) and of healthy volunteers (n = 15) served as controls. Results MicroRNA-141 and microRNA-200a were significantly downregulated in blood serum of patients with HCC compared to liver cirrhosis (p<0.007) and healthy controls (p<0.002). MicroRNA-141 and microRNA-200a could well discriminate patients with cirrhosis-associated HCC from healthy volunteers with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.85 and 0.82, respectively. Additionally, both microRNAs could differentiate between HCC and non-cancerous liver cirrhosis with a fair accuracy. Conclusions Circulating microRNA-200 family members are significantly deregulated in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis. Further studies are necessary to confirm the diagnostic value of the microRNA-200 family as accurate serum marker for cirrhosis-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A. Dhayat
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Hüsing
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Norbert Senninger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H. Schmidt
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jörg Haier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Muenster, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heiner Wolters
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Iyad Kabar
- Department of Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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50
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Vasilatou D, Sioulas VD, Pappa V, Papageorgiou SG, Vlahos NF. The role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:951-9. [PMID: 26443384 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Since their discovery, miRNAs have been associated with every cell function including malignant transformation and metastasis. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. However, improvement should be made in interobserver agreement on histological typing and individualized therapeutic approaches. This article summarizes the role of miRNAs in endometrial cancer pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantina Vasilatou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Institute, Hematology Unit, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Institute, Hematology Unit, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Institute, Hematology Unit, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Vlahos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
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