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Stoffel M, Rahn S, Neubauer AB, Moessner M, Aguilar-Raab C, Ditzen B. Associations of SLC6A4 methylation with salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and subjective stress in everyday life. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106283. [PMID: 37196602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympatho-adrenal medullary (SAM) axis are associated with mental and somatic illness. However, there is lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Epigenetic states in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) were shown to be associated with stress in various forms. We hypothesized that levels of DNA methylation (DNAm) of SLC6A4 would be associated with altered SAM- and HPA regulation in daily life. N = 74 healthy persons participated in the study. An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach was used to assess indicators of stress in daily life. Each day included six concurrent assessments of saliva, to quantify cortisol (sCort; HPA axis) and alpha-amylase (sAA; SAM axis), and to assess self-reports on subjective stress. To assess SLC6A4 DNAm, peripheral blood was drawn and analyzed via bisulfite pyrosequencing. All data were assessed in two waves three months apart, each including two days of EMA and the assessment of SLC6A4 DNAm. Data were analyzed using multilevel models. On the between-person level, higher average levels of SLC6A4 DNAm were associated with higher average levels of sAA, but not with average levels of sCort. On the within-person level, higher levels of SLC6A4 DNAm were associated with lower levels of sAA and sCort. There were no associations of subjective stress with SLC6A4 DNAm. The results help to clarify the association between environmental stress and stress axes regulation, pointing towards an important role of differential within- and between-person effects of SLC6A4 DNAm, which might shape this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Rahn
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas B Neubauer
- Department for Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bergheimer Str. 54, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corina Aguilar-Raab
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Current State of Modeling Human Psychiatric Disorders Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043187. [PMID: 36834599 PMCID: PMC9959486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent brain pathologies that represent an urgent, unmet biomedical problem. Since reliable clinical diagnoses are essential for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, their animal models with robust, relevant behavioral and physiological endpoints become necessary. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) display well-defined, complex behaviors in major neurobehavioral domains which are evolutionarily conserved and strikingly parallel to those seen in rodents and humans. Although zebrafish are increasingly often used to model psychiatric disorders, there are also multiple challenges with such models as well. The field may therefore benefit from a balanced, disease-oriented discussion that considers the clinical prevalence, the pathological complexity, and societal importance of the disorders in question, and the extent of its detalization in zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) studies. Here, we critically discuss the use of zebrafish for modeling human psychiatric disorders in general, and highlight the topics for further in-depth consideration, in order to foster and (re)focus translational biological neuroscience research utilizing zebrafish. Recent developments in molecular biology research utilizing this model species have also been summarized here, collectively calling for a wider use of zebrafish in translational CNS disease modeling.
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Ohtsubo Y, Matsunaga M, Masuda T, Noguchi Y, Yamasue H, Ishii K. Test of the Serotonin Transporter Gene × Early Life Stress Interaction Effect on Subjective Well‐Being and Loneliness Among Japanese Young Adults. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hasan MA, Hakim FT, Islam Shovon MT, Islam MM, Islam MS, Islam MA. The investigation of nonsynonymous SNPs of human SLC6A4 gene associated with depression: An in silico approach. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07815. [PMID: 34466701 PMCID: PMC8384904 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene is associated with several behavioral disorders, including depression. Since studying the total nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of the SLC6A4 gene at the population level is a difficult task, we aim to utilize in silico approach to detect the most deleterious nsSNPs of the SLC6A4 gene. In our study, 7 computational tools were used in the initial stage, including SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, PhD-SNP, PANTHER, and SNPs&GO to find out the most damaging nsSNPs. In the second phase, we performed structural, functional, and stability analysis of SLC6A4 protein by popular computation tools, including I-Mutant 2.0 and MutPred2. Also, the ConSurf server was utilized to find the conserved region of the SLC6A4 protein to determine the relationship between these conserved regions with high-risk nsSNPs. Based on these analyses, 5 high-risk mutations of the SLC6A4 protein were selected. Then, we carried out comparative modeling by using the Robetta server and aligned the mutant protein model with the native protein structure. Later, we performed the post-translational modification and functional domain analysis of the SLC6A4 protein. This study concludes that Arginine → Tryptophan at position 79 and Arginine → Cysteine at position 104 are the two significant mutations in SLC6A4 protein which might play an essential role in causing diseases. Future studies should take these high-risk nsSNPs (rs1221448303, rs200953188) into consideration while exploring diseases related to the SLC6A4 gene. Besides, our research is the first-ever comprehensive in silico investigation of the SLC6A4 gene. Thus, the findings of this study could be beneficial for developing precision medicines against diseases caused by SLC6A4 malfunction. Furthermore, extensive wet-lab research and experiments on various model organisms might be helpful to investigate the precise role of these damaging nsSNPs of the SLC6A4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amit Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Fuad Taufiqul Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanjil Islam Shovon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mirajul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Samiul Islam
- RT-PCR Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur-5403, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asadul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Artero S, Maller JJ, Meslin C, Dupuy AM, Ritchie K, Ryan J, Chaudieu I. Structural brain alterations in older adults exposed to early-life adversity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105272. [PMID: 34023732 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood events may have differential effects on the brain that persist into adulthood. Findings on structural brain alterations in older adults exposed to early-life adversity are inconsistent notably due to heterogeneity in imaging studies, population, psychiatric comorbidities, nature of adverse events, and genetic vulnerability. This study examines whether exposure related to physical or sexual maltreatment, emotional maltreatment, and global adverse environment during childhood are associated with specific alterations in grey matter volumes and if this varies according to sex and serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotype. METHOD Structural MRI was used to acquire anatomical scans from 398 community-dwelling older adults. Quantitative regional estimates of 23 subregional volumes were derived using FreeSurfer software. Retrospective reporting of childhood adversity was collected using structured self-reported questionnaire. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, brain volume, head injury, lifetime depression and anxiety disorder, psychiatric medication, and cardiovascular ischemic pathologies. RESULTS Exposure to adverse family environment was associated with smaller volumes of several frontal, cingulate, and parietal subregions and larger amygdala in the 5-HTTLPR SS genotype participants specifically but larger volumes of caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in the SL genotype participants. Highly significant differences were found with excessive sharing of parent problems with children, associated with larger grey-matter volumes in the thalamus and several frontal and parietal regions in 5-HTTLPR SL male participants specifically. CONCLUSIONS Early-life adversity is associated with grey-matter volume alterations in older adults and this varies according to the type of adversity experienced, sex, and serotonergic genetic vulnerability; 5-HTTLPR SS participants appearing most vulnerable and SL individuals most resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; General Electric Healthcare, Australia
| | - Chantal Meslin
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France; INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France; Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Biological Neuropsychiatry Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. Steroid 21-hydroxylase gene variants and late-life depression. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:203. [PMID: 34034803 PMCID: PMC8147346 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A feature of late-life depression is alterations of the stress hormone system. The CYP21A2 gene encodes for the steroid 21-hydroxylase enzyme which is required for the biosynthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, two main components of the stress response in humans. Variants in the CYP21A2 gene could influence risk of late-life depression, but this has not been examined. This study investigated possible associations between five variants in the CYP21A2 gene and late-life depression in 1007 older community-dwelling men and women. Results In multivariate logistic regression model, significant associations were found between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs389883, rs437179, and rs630379) and depression in women specifically (OR ranging from 1.51 to 1.68, p-values 0.025 to 0.0045), and the two latter remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Variants of the CYP21A2 gene appear as susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner, independently of somatic and neuropsychiatric comorbidity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05616-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Ritchie
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Joanne Ryan
- Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hjort L, Rushiti F, Wang SJ, Fransquet P, P Krasniqi S, I Çarkaxhiu S, Arifaj D, Xhemaili VD, Salihu M, A Leku N, Ryan J. Intergenerational effects of maternal post-traumatic stress disorder on offspring epigenetic patterns and cortisol levels. Epigenomics 2021; 13:967-980. [PMID: 33993712 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association between maternal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy and offspring DNA methylation and cortisol levels. Materials & methods: Blood genome-wide DNA methylation and cortisol was measured in the youngest child of 117 women who experienced sexual violence/torture during the Kosovo war. Results: Seventy-two percent of women had PTSD symptoms during pregnancy. Their children had higher cortisol levels and differential methylation at candidate genes (NR3C1, HTR3A and BNDF). No methylation differences reached epigenome-wide corrected significance levels. Conclusion: Identifying the biological processes whereby the negative effects of trauma are passed across generations and defining groups at high risk is a key step to breaking the intergenerational transmission of the effects of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hjort
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, The Diabetes & Bone metabolic Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feride Rushiti
- Kosovo Rehabilitation Center for Torture Victims, Pristina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Shr-Jie Wang
- Danish Institute Against Torture (DIGNITY), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Fransquet
- Biological Neuropsychiatry Unit, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | | | - Selvi I Çarkaxhiu
- Kosovo Rehabilitation Center for Torture Victims, Pristina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Dafina Arifaj
- Kosovo Rehabilitation Center for Torture Victims, Pristina 10000, Kosovo
| | | | - Mimoza Salihu
- Kosovo Rehabilitation Center for Torture Victims, Pristina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Nazmie A Leku
- Kosovo Rehabilitation Center for Torture Victims, Pristina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Biological Neuropsychiatry Unit, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. 11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) gene variants and new-onset depression in later life. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E147-E153. [PMID: 33245660 PMCID: PMC7955840 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to high glucocorticoid levels is detrimental for the brain and may have particular implications in later life. A feature of late-life depression is increased cortisol secretion. Variants in the CYP11B1 gene, which codes for the enzyme responsible for cortisol synthesis, could influence risk of late-life depression, but this hypothesis has not been examined. We investigated the associations between variants in the CYP11B1 gene and late-life depression, taking into account history of depression and potential sex-specific effects. METHODS We assessed depression in 1007 community-dwellers aged 65 years or older (60% women) at baseline and over a 14-year follow-up. A clinical level of depression was defined as a score of ≥ 16 on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). We examined incident and recurrent depression in participants without or with a history of major depression, respectively. We genotyped 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning CYP11B1. We used multivariable analyses to adjust for age, body mass index, cardiovascular ischemic pathologies, hypertension, cognitive impairment and anxiety. RESULTS In women, rs6471580 and rs7016924 were associated with a 50% lower rate of incident (new-onset) late-life depression, and rs11783855 was associated with a 2.4-fold higher rate of late-life depression. These associations remained after correction for multiple testing, but we found no associations for recurrent depression in women or men. LIMITATIONS This study focused on the major gene involved in corticosteroid biosynthesis, but other genes may also be implicated in this pathway. CONCLUSION Variants of the CYP11B1 gene appear to be susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanna Norton
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Karen Ritchie
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
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Ancelin ML, Carriere I, Artero S, Maller JJ, Meslin C, Dupuy AM, Ritchie K, Ryan J, Chaudieu I. Structural brain changes with lifetime trauma and re-experiencing symptoms is 5-HTTLPR genotype-dependent. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1733247. [PMID: 32194924 PMCID: PMC7067154 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1733247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Findings on structural brain alterations following trauma are inconsistent due probably to heterogeneity in imaging studies and population, clinical presentations, genetic vulnerability, and selection of controls. This study examines whether trauma and re-experiencing symptoms are associated with specific alterations in grey matter volumes and if this varies according to 5-HTTLPR genotype. Methods: Structural MRI was used to acquire anatomical scans from 377 community-dwelling older adults. Quantitative regional estimates of 22 subregional volumes were derived using FreeSurfer software. Lifetime trauma was assessed using the validated Watson's PTSD inventory, which evaluates the most severe trauma experienced according to DSM criteria. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, total brain volume, head injury, and comorbidities. Results: Of the 212 participants reporting lifetime trauma, 35.4% reported re-experiencing symptoms and for 1.9%, this was severe enough to meet criteria for full threshold PTSD. In participants with the SS 5-HTTLPR genotype only, re-experiencing symptoms were associated with smaller volumes in middle and superior temporal, frontal (lateral orbital, rostral and caudal middle) and parietal (precuneus, inferior and superior) regions. The trauma-exposed participants without re-experiencing symptoms were not significantly different from the non-trauma-exposed participants except for smaller precuneus and superior parietal region in traumatized participants and a larger amygdala in traumatized women specifically. Conclusions: In the non-clinical sample, lifetime trauma and re-experiencing symptoms were associated with smaller volume in prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortex subregions, and this varied according to serotonergic genetic vulnerability, 5-HTTLPR SS individuals being most susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Carriere
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,General Electric Healthcare, Australia
| | - Chantal Meslin
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biochemestry and Hormonology, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Nestor PG, O'Donovan K, Lapp HE, Hasler VC, Boodai SB, Hunter R. Risk and protective effects of serotonin and BDNF genes on stress-related adult psychiatric symptoms. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100186. [PMID: 31440532 PMCID: PMC6700400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on individual risk by examining childhood adversity and current psychiatric symptoms in a sample of 100 college students genotyped for both the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Naturally occurring allelic variation in 5-HTTLPR (short/long) and BDNF (valine/methionine) have been strongly implicated in stress-related psychiatric risk, but the combined effects of these alleles on psychological functioning have yet to be fully elucidated. Univariate analysis revealed gene-environment correlations linking heightened psychiatric risk with past childhood adversity for short but not long 5-HTTLPR allelic carriers and for valine (Val) but not methionine (Met) BDNF allelic carriers. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant gene x gene interaction with results showing that risk varied systematically depending on both 5-HTTLPR and BDNF alleles, independent of childhood adversity. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that approximately 11% of the variance in symptoms of depression could be specifically accounted for by the epistatic interaction of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF val66Met polymorphisms. Allelic group analyses indicated lowest risk, as measured by depression and anxiety, for allelic carriers of 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF Met, followed by 5-HTTLPR-long and BDNF-Val, 5-HTTLPR-short and BDNF-Val, and 5-HTTLPR-long and BDNF-Met. Results suggest that protective or risk-enhancing effects on stress-related psychiatric functioning may depend on specific allelic combinations of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF.
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11
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Ryan J, Ancelin ML. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of the Serotonin Transporter Gene in Late-Life Depression. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:175-177. [PMID: 31006322 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719841725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ryan
- 1 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- 2 INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
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12
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Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Artero S, Maller J, Meslin C, Ritchie K, Ryan J, Chaudieu I. Lifetime major depression and grey-matter volume. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:45-53. [PMID: 30565905 PMCID: PMC6306287 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of structural brain alterations in major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about how these alterations might be affected by age at onset or genetic vulnerability. This study examines whether lifetime episodes of MDD are associated with specific alterations in grey-matter volume, and whether those alterations vary according to sex or serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotype (LL, SL or SS). METHODS We used structural MRI to acquire anatomic scans from 610 community-dwelling participants. We derived quantitative regional estimates of grey-matter volume in 16 subregions using FreeSurfer software. We diagnosed MDD according to DSM-IV criteria. We adjusted analyses for age, sex, total brain volume, education level, head injury and comorbidities. RESULTS Lifetime MDD was associated with a smaller insula, thalamus, ventral diencephalon, pallidum and nucleus accumbens and with a larger pericalcarine region in both men and women. These associations remained after adjustment for false discovery rate. Lifetime MDD was also associated with a smaller caudate nucleus and amygdala in men and with a larger rostral anterior cingulate cortex in women. Late-onset first episodes of MDD (after age 50 years) were associated with a larger rostral anterior cingulate cortex and lingual and pericalcarine regions; early-onset MDD was associated with a smaller ventral diencephalon and nucleus accumbens. Some associations differed according to 5-HTTLPR genotype: the thalamus was smaller in participants with MDD and the LL genotype; pericalcarine and lingual volumes were higher in those with the SL genotype. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Major depressive disorder was associated with persistent volume reductions in the deep nuclei and insula and with enlargements in visual cortex subregions; alterations varied according to age of onset and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Sylvaine Artero
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Jerome Maller
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Chantal Meslin
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Karen Ritchie
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- From INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Carrière, Artero, Ritchie, Ryan, Chaudieu); Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Australia (Maller); Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Maller, Meslin); General Electric Healthcare, Australia (Maller); Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (Ryan)
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Lam D, Ancelin ML, Ritchie K, Freak-Poli R, Saffery R, Ryan J. Genotype-dependent associations between serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) DNA methylation and late-life depression. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:282. [PMID: 30180828 PMCID: PMC6122720 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted serotonergic signaling is often a feature of depression and the role of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), responsible for serotonin re-uptake, has received much attention in this regard. Most studies have focused on the polymorphic 5-HTTLPR upstream repeat, or DNA methylation at the promoter CpG island. Few studies have explored the influence of genetic variation across the gene on DNA methylation, and their combined association with depression risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variation in the SLC6A4 gene influences promoter DNA methylation, and whether these are associated with depression status. METHOD The ESPRIT study involves a community-based population of older individuals (> 65 years of age). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was diagnosed according to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria, and severe depressive symptoms assessed by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to measure SLC6A4 methylation status (n = 302). RESULTS Nominally significant associations were observed between SLC6A4 genetic variants (5-HTTLPR, rs140700, rs4251417, rs6354, rs25528, rs25531) and DNA methylation at several CpG sites. In multivariate regression, DNA methylation was associated with depression status, but only in the presence of specific genotypes. In individuals homozygous for the short 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTLPR/r25531 alleles, lower methylation at two CpGs was associated with depression (β = - 0.44 to β = - 0.31; p = 0.001 to p = 0.038). CONCLUSION We present evidence for genotype-dependent associations between SLC6A4 methylation and depression. Genetic variants may also play a role in influencing promoter methylation levels and its association with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys Lam
- 0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marie-Laure Ancelin
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- 0000 0004 1936 7857grid.1002.3Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 5, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004 Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- 0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Cancer & Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 5, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
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