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Zhu Y, Yang Q, Gu J, Chen Z, Jing N, Jin T, Lin J, Wang X, Hu J, Ji G, An Y. 'Environmental standard limit concentration' arsenic exposure is associated with anxiety, depression, and autism-like changes in early-life stage zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133953. [PMID: 38461670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is a worldwide environmental pollutant that can impair human health. Previous studies have identified mental disorders induced by arsenic, but the environmental exposure concentrations in the early life stages associated with these disorders are poorly understood. In the present study, early-life stage zebrafish were used to explore the effects on mental disorders under 'environmental standard limit concentrations' arsenic exposures of 5, 10, 50, 150, and 500 μg/L. The results showed that arsenic exposure at these concentrations changed the locomotor behavior in larval zebrafish and was further associated with anxiety, depression, and autism-like behavior in both larval and juvenile zebrafish. Changes were noted at benchmark dose limit (BMDL) concentrations as low as 0.81 μg/L. Transcriptomics showed that immediate early genes (IEGs) fosab, egr1, egr2a, ier2b, egr3, and jund were decreased after arsenic exposure in larval and juvenile zebrafish. Nervous system impairment and anxiety, depression, and autism-like behaviors in early-life stage zebrafish at 'environmental standard limit concentrations' may be attributed to the downregulation of IEGs. These findings in zebrafish provided new experimental support for an arsenic toxicity threshold for mental disorders, and they suggest that low levels of environmental chemicals may be causative developmental factors for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Nan Jing
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tingxu Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiayuan Lin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guixiang Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Ma Y, Liu X, Zhou M, Sun W, Jiang B, Liu Q, Wang M, Zou Y, Liu Q, Gong Y, Sun G. CUL4B mutations impair human cortical neurogenesis through PP2A-dependent inhibition of AKT and ERK. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:121. [PMID: 38331954 PMCID: PMC10853546 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mutation in CUL4B gene is one of the most common causes for X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). CUL4B is the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) complex. While the roles of CUL4B in cancer progression and some developmental processes like adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and spermatogenesis have been studied, the mechanisms underlying the neurological disorders in patients with CUL4B mutations are poorly understood. Here, using 2D neuronal culture and cerebral organoids generated from the patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and their isogenic controls, we demonstrate that CUL4B is required to prevent premature cell cycle exit and precocious neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Moreover, loss-of-function mutations of CUL4B lead to increased synapse formation and enhanced neuronal excitability. Mechanistically, CRL4B complex represses transcription of PPP2R2B and PPP2R2C genes, which encode two isoforms of the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) complex, through catalyzing monoubiquitination of H2AK119 in their promoter regions. CUL4B mutations result in upregulated PP2A activity, which causes inhibition of AKT and ERK, leading to premature cell cycle exit. Activation of AKT and ERK or inhibition of PP2A activity in CUL4B mutant organoids rescues the neurogenesis defect. Our work unveils an essential role of CUL4B in human cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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3
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Yi JS, Perla S, Bennett AM. An Assessment of the Therapeutic Landscape for the Treatment of Heart Disease in the RASopathies. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1193-1204. [PMID: 35156148 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls a plethora of developmental and post-developmental processes. It is now clear that mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway cause developmental diseases collectively referred to as the RASopathies. The RASopathies include Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. RASopathy patients exhibit a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHD), such as valvular abnormalities and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Since the cardiovascular defects are the most serious and recurrent cause of mortality in RASopathy patients, it is critical to understand the pathological signaling mechanisms that drive the disease. Therapies for the treatment of HCM and other RASopathy-associated comorbidities have yet to be fully realized. Recent developments have shown promise for the use of repurposed antineoplastic drugs that target the RAS-MAPK pathway for the treatment of RASopathy-associated HCM. However, given the impact of the RAS-MAPK pathway in post-developmental physiology, establishing safety and evaluating risk when treating children will be paramount. As such insight provided by preclinical and clinical information will be critical. This review will highlight the cardiovascular manifestations caused by the RASopathies and will discuss the emerging therapies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Villar-Pazos S, Thomas L, Yang Y, Chen K, Lyles JB, Deitch BJ, Ochaba J, Ling K, Powers B, Gingras S, Kordasiewicz HB, Grubisha MJ, Huang YH, Thomas G. Neural deficits in a mouse model of PACS1 syndrome are corrected with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6547. [PMID: 37848409 PMCID: PMC10582149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PACS1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by a recurrent de novo missense mutation in PACS1 (p.Arg203Trp (PACS1R203W)). The mechanism by which PACS1R203W causes PACS1 syndrome is unknown, and no curative treatment is available. Here, we use patient cells and PACS1 syndrome mice to show that PACS1 (or PACS-1) is an HDAC6 effector and that the R203W substitution increases the PACS1/HDAC6 interaction, aberrantly potentiating deacetylase activity. Consequently, PACS1R203W reduces acetylation of α-tubulin and cortactin, causing the Golgi ribbon in hippocampal neurons and patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to fragment and overpopulate dendrites, increasing their arborization. The dendrites, however, are beset with varicosities, diminished spine density, and fewer functional synapses, characteristic of NDDs. Treatment of PACS1 syndrome mice or patient NPCs with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting antisense oligonucleotides, or HDAC6 inhibitors, restores neuronal structure and synaptic transmission in prefrontal cortex, suggesting that targeting PACS1R203W/HDAC6 may be an effective therapy for PACS1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Villar-Pazos
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jenea B Lyles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Bradley J Deitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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5
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Shu X, Deng H, Wu F, He J. Magnetic chitosan hydrogel induces neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells by activating RAS-dependent signal cascade. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120918. [PMID: 37173006 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to modulate magnetic cues to influence the differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) into neuron during nerve repair and to explore corresponding mechanisms. Here, a magnetic hydrogel composed of chitosan matrices and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different content was prepared as the magnetic-stimulation platform to apply intrinsically-present magnetic cue and externally-applied magnetic field to NSC grown on the hydrogel. The MNP content had regulatory effects on neuronal differentiation and the MNPs-50 samples exhibited the best neuronal potential and appropriate biocompatibility in vitro, as well as accelerated the subsequent neuronal regeneration in vivo. Remarkably, the use of proteomics analysis parsed the underlying mechanism of magnetic cue-mediated neuronal differentiation form the perspective of protein corona and intracellular signal transduction. The intrinsically-present magnetic cues in hydrogel contributed to the activation of intracellular RAS-dependent signal cascades, thus facilitating neuronal differentiation. Magnetic cue-dependent changes in NSCs benefited from the upregulation of adsorbed proteins related to "neuronal differentiation", "cell-cell interaction", "receptor", "protein activation cascade", and "protein kinase activity" in the protein corona. Additionally, magnetic hydrogel acted cooperatively with the exterior magnetic field, showing further improving neurogenesis. The findings clarified the mechanism for magnetic cue-mediated neuronal differentiation, coupling protein corona and intracellular signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xuedong Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Huan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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Garrudo FFF, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC, Morgado J. Designing Electrical Stimulation Platforms for Neural Cell Cultivation Using Poly(aniline): Camphorsulfonic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2674. [PMID: 37376320 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is a powerful strategy to improve the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons. Such an approach can be implemented, in association with biomaterials and nanotechnology, for the development of new therapies for neurological diseases, including direct cell transplantation and the development of platforms for drug screening and disease progression evaluation. Poly(aniline):camphorsulfonic acid (PANI:CSA) is one of the most well-studied electroconductive polymers, capable of directing an externally applied electrical field to neural cells in culture. There are several examples in the literature on the development of PANI:CSA-based scaffolds and platforms for electrical stimulation, but no review has examined the fundamentals and physico-chemical determinants of PANI:CSA for the design of platforms for electrical stimulation. This review evaluates the current literature regarding the application of electrical stimulation to neural cells, specifically reviewing: (1) the fundamentals of bioelectricity and electrical stimulation; (2) the use of PANI:CSA-based systems for electrical stimulation of cell cultures; and (3) the development of scaffolds and setups to support the electrical stimulation of cells. Throughout this work, we critically evaluate the revised literature and provide a steppingstone for the clinical application of the electrical stimulation of cells using electroconductive PANI:CSA platforms/scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sran S, Bedrosian TA. RAS pathway: The new frontier of brain mosaicism in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106074. [PMID: 36907520 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As cells divide during development, errors in DNA replication and repair lead to somatic mosaicism - a phenomenon in which different cell lineages harbor unique constellations of genetic variants. Over the past decade, somatic variants that disrupt mTOR signaling, protein glycosylation, and other functions during brain development have been linked to cortical malformations and focal epilepsy. More recently, emerging evidence points to a role for Ras pathway mosaicism in epilepsy. The Ras family of proteins is a critical driver of MAPK signaling. Disruption of the Ras pathway is most known for its association with tumorigenesis; however, developmental disorders known as RASopathies commonly have a neurological component that sometimes includes epilepsy, offering evidence for Ras involvement in brain development and epileptogenesis. Brain somatic variants affecting the Ras pathway (e.g., KRAS, PTPN11, BRAF) are now strongly associated with focal epilepsy through genotype-phenotype association studies as well as mechanistic evidence. This review summarizes the Ras pathway and its involvement in epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders, focusing on new evidence regarding Ras pathway mosaicism and the potential future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahibjot Sran
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Tracy A Bedrosian
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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Co-dependent regulation of p-BRAF and potassium channel KCNMA1 levels drives glioma progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:61. [PMID: 36763212 PMCID: PMC9918570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAF mutations have been found in gliomas which exhibit abnormal electrophysiological activities, implying their potential links with the ion channel functions. In this study, we identified the Drosophila potassium channel, Slowpoke (Slo), the ortholog of human KCNMA1, as a critical factor involved in dRafGOF glioma progression. Slo was upregulated in dRafGOF glioma. Knockdown of slo led to decreases in dRafGOF levels, glioma cell proliferation, and tumor-related phenotypes. Overexpression of slo in glial cells elevated dRaf expression and promoted cell proliferation. Similar mutual regulations of p-BRAF and KCNMA1 levels were then recapitulated in human glioma cells with the BRAF mutation. Elevated p-BRAF and KCNMA1 were also observed in HEK293T cells upon the treatment of 20 mM KCl, which causes membrane depolarization. Knockdown KCNMA1 in these cells led to a further decrease in cell viability. Based on these results, we conclude that the levels of p-BRAF and KCNMA1 are co-dependent and mutually regulated. We propose that, in depolarized glioma cells with BRAF mutations, high KCNMA1 levels act to repolarize membrane potential and facilitate cell growth. Our study provides a new strategy to antagonize the progression of gliomas as induced by BRAF mutations.
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Patt E, Singhania A, Roberts AE, Morton SU. The Genetics of Neurodevelopment in Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:97-114. [PMID: 36183910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth anomaly, affecting almost 1% of infants. Neurodevelopmental delay is the most common extracardiac feature in people with CHD. Many factors may contribute to neurodevelopmental risk, including genetic factors, CHD physiology, and the prenatal/postnatal environment. Damaging variants are most highly enriched among individuals with extracardiac anomalies or neurodevelopmental delay in addition to CHD, indicating that genetic factors have an impact beyond cardiac tissues in people with CHD. Potential sources of genetic risk include large deletions or duplications that affect multiple genes, such as 22q11 deletion syndrome, single genes that alter both heart and brain development, such as CHD7, and common variants that affect neurodevelopmental resiliency, such as APOE. Increased use of genome-sequencing technologies in studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes in people with CHD will improve our ability to detect relevant genes and variants. Ultimately, such knowledge can lead to improved and more timely intervention of learning support for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Patt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asmita Singhania
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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10
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Ran LY, Kong YT, Xiang JJ, Zeng Q, Zhang CY, Shi L, Qiu HT, Liu C, Wu LL, Li YL, Chen JM, Ai M, Wang W, Kuang L. Serum extracellular vesicle microRNA dysregulation and childhood trauma in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:959-971. [PMID: 35659238 PMCID: PMC9589301 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) seriously endangers adolescent mental and physical health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cellular communication and are involved in many physiological brain processes. Although EV miRNAshave been implicated in adults with major psychiatric disorders, investigation into their effects in adolescent MDDremains scarce. In discovery set, we conducted a genome-wide miRNA sequencing of serum EVs from 9 untreated adolescents with MDD and 8 matched healthy controls (HCs), identifying 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (18 upregulated and 14 downregulated). In the validation set, 8 differentially expressed and highly enriched miRNAs were verified in independent samples using RT-PCR, with 4 (miR-450a-2-3p, miR-3691-5p, miR-556-3p, and miR-2115-3p) of the 8 miRNAs found to be significantly elevated in 34 untreated adolescents with MDD compared with 38 HCs and consistent with the sequencing results. After the Bonferroni correction, we found that three miRNAs (miR-450a-2-3p, miR-556-3p, and miR-2115-3p) were still significantly different. Among them, miR-450a-2-3p showed the most markeddifferential expression and was able to diagnose disease with 67.6% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity. Furthermore, miR-450a-2-3p partially mediated the associations between total childhood trauma, emotional abuse, and physical neglect and adolescent MDD. We also found that the combination of miR-450a-2-3p and emotional abuse could effectively diagnose MDD in adolescents with 82.4% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity. Our data demonstrate the association of serum EV miRNA dysregulation with MDD pathophysiology and, furthermore, show that miRNAs may mediate the relationship between early stress and MDD susceptibility. We also provide a valid integrated model for the diagnosis of adolescent MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Ran
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Ting Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Tang Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-Li Wu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Li
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Mei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Cantor EL, Shen F, Jiang G, Tan Z, Cunningham GM, Wu X, Philips S, Schneider BP. Passage number affects differentiation of sensory neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15869. [PMID: 36151116 PMCID: PMC9508090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a valuable resource for neurological disease-modeling and drug discovery due to their ability to differentiate into neurons reflecting the genetics of the patient from which they are derived. iPSC-derived cultures, however, are highly variable due to heterogeneity in culture conditions. We investigated the effect of passage number on iPSC differentiation to optimize the generation of sensory neurons (iPSC-dSNs). Three iPSC lines reprogrammed from the peripheral blood of three donors were differentiated into iPSC-dSNs at passage numbers within each of the following ranges: low (5-10), intermediate (20-26), and high (30-38). Morphology and pluripotency of the parent iPSCs were assessed prior to differentiation. iPSC-dSNs were evaluated based on electrophysiological properties and expression of key neuronal markers. All iPSC lines displayed similar morphology and were similarly pluripotent across passage numbers. However, the expression levels of neuronal markers and sodium channel function analyses indicated that iPSC-dSNs differentiated from low passage numbers better recapitulated the sensory neuron phenotype than those differentiated from intermediate or high passage numbers. Our results demonstrate that lower passage numbers may be better suited for differentiation into peripheral sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Cantor
- Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fei Shen
- Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhiyong Tan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Geneva M Cunningham
- Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xi Wu
- Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Santosh Philips
- Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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12
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Vasic V, Jones MSO, Haslinger D, Knaus LS, Schmeisser MJ, Novarino G, Chiocchetti AG. Translating the Role of mTOR- and RAS-Associated Signalopathies in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Models, Mechanisms and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111746. [PMID: 34828352 PMCID: PMC8624393 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting mTOR or RAS signaling underlie defined syndromes (the so-called mTORopathies and RASopathies) with high risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These syndromes show a broad variety of somatic phenotypes including cancers, skin abnormalities, heart disease and facial dysmorphisms. Less well studied are the neuropsychiatric symptoms such as ASD. Here, we assess the relevance of these signalopathies in ASD reviewing genetic, human cell model, rodent studies and clinical trials. We conclude that signalopathies have an increased liability for ASD and that, in particular, ASD individuals with dysmorphic features and intellectual disability (ID) have a higher chance for disruptive mutations in RAS- and mTOR-related genes. Studies on rodent and human cell models confirm aberrant neuronal development as the underlying pathology. Human studies further suggest that multiple hits are necessary to induce the respective phenotypes. Recent clinical trials do only report improvements for comorbid conditions such as epilepsy or cancer but not for behavioral aspects. Animal models show that treatment during early development can rescue behavioral phenotypes. Taken together, we suggest investigating the differential roles of mTOR and RAS signaling in both human and rodent models, and to test drug treatment both during and after neuronal development in the available model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verica Vasic
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.V.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Mattson S. O. Jones
- Autism Therapy and Research Center of Excellence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.O.J.); (D.H.)
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denise Haslinger
- Autism Therapy and Research Center of Excellence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.O.J.); (D.H.)
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; (L.S.K.); (G.N.)
| | - Lisa S. Knaus
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; (L.S.K.); (G.N.)
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.V.); (M.J.S.)
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gaia Novarino
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; (L.S.K.); (G.N.)
| | - Andreas G. Chiocchetti
- Autism Therapy and Research Center of Excellence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.S.O.J.); (D.H.)
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-80658
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13
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Zhao S, Xu J, Zhang W, Yan W, Li G. Paternal exposure to microcystin-LR triggers developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish offspring via an epigenetic mechanism involving MAPK pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148437. [PMID: 34153754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) induced impairment to male reproductive system and revealed the effects of transgenerational toxicity on offspring. But very little is known about the inheritance of these effects to offspring and the mechanisms involved. Here, we used methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) and microarray to characterize whole-genome DNA methylation and mRNA expression patterns in zebrafish testis after 6-week exposure to 5 and 20 μg/L MCLR. Accompanied with these analyses it revealed that MAPK pathway and ER pathway significantly enriched in zebrafish testes. Apoptosis and testicular damage were also observed in testis. Next, we test the transmission of effects to compare control-father and MCLR exposure-father progenies. DNA methylation analyses (via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing) reveal that the enrichment of differentially methylated regions on neurodevelopment after paternal MCLR exposure. Meanwhile, several genes associated with neurodevelopment were markedly downregulated in zebrafish larvae, and swimming speed was also reduced in the larvae. Interestingly, paternal MCLR exposure also triggered activation the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which is also associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These results demonstrated the significant effect that paternal MCLR exposure may have on gene-specific DNA methylation patterns in testis. Inherited epigenetic alterations through the germline may be the mechanism leading to developmental neurotoxicity in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards & Testing Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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14
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Abashkin DA, Kurishev AO, Karpov DS, Golimbet VE. Cellular Models in Schizophrenia Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168518. [PMID: 34445221 PMCID: PMC8395162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a prevalent functional psychosis characterized by clinical behavioural symptoms and underlying abnormalities in brain function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have revealed many loci that do not directly identify processes disturbed in the disease. For this reason, the development of cellular models containing SZ-associated variations has become a focus in the post-GWAS research era. The application of revolutionary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, along with recently developed technologies for cultivating brain organoids in vitro, have opened new perspectives for the construction of these models. In general, cellular models are intended to unravel particular biological phenomena. They can provide the missing link between schizophrenia-related phenotypic features (such as transcriptional dysregulation, oxidative stress and synaptic dysregulation) and data from pathomorphological, electrophysiological and behavioural studies. The objectives of this review are the systematization and classification of cellular models of schizophrenia, based on their complexity and validity for understanding schizophrenia-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A. Abashkin
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Artemii O. Kurishev
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Karpov
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera E. Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Kashirskoe Sh. 34, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.A.); (A.O.K.); (D.S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Montero-Bullón JF, González-Velasco Ó, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J. Integrated in silico MS-based phosphoproteomics and network enrichment analysis of RASopathy proteins. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:303. [PMID: 34229750 PMCID: PMC8258961 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RASopathies are a group of syndromes showing clinical overlap caused by mutations in genes affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway. Consequent disruption on cellular signaling leads and is driven by phosphoproteome remodeling. However, we still lack a comprehensive picture of the different key players and altered downstream effectors. Methods An in silico interactome of RASopathy proteins was generated using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, including identification of main hub proteins. We also integrated phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies using previous published information on RASopathy proteins and their neighbors in the context of RASopathy syndromes. Data from Phosphosite database (www.phosphosite.org) was collected in order to obtain the potential phosphosites subjected to regulation in the 27 causative RASopathy proteins. We compiled a dataset of dysregulated phosphosites in RASopathies, searched for commonalities between syndromes in harmonized data, and analyzed the role of phosphorylation in the syndromes by the identification of key players between the causative RASopathy proteins and the associated interactome. Results In this study, we provide a curated data set of 27 causative RASopathy genes, identify up to 511 protein–protein associations using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, and identify 12 nodes as main hub proteins. We found that a large group of proteins contain tyrosine residues and their biological processes include but are not limited to the nervous system. Harmonizing published RASopathy phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies we identified a total of 147 phosphosites with increased phosphorylation, whereas 47 have reduced phosphorylation. The PKB signaling pathway is the most represented among the dysregulated phosphoproteins within the RASopathy proteins and their neighbors, followed by phosphoproteins implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This work illustrates the complex network underlying the RASopathies and the potential of phosphoproteomics for dissecting the molecular mechanisms in these syndromes. A combined study of associated genes, their interactome and phosphorylation events in RASopathies, elucidates key players and mechanisms to direct future research, diagnosis and therapeutic windows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, IBMCC Cancer Research Center, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Network for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS ARADyAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Molecular Genetics of Human Diseases Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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16
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Qian B, Zen Z, Zheng Z, Wang C, Song J. A preliminary study on the mechanism of the neurosteroid-mediated ionotropic receptor dysfunction in neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by decabromodiphenyl ether. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112198. [PMID: 33862428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of neurodevelopmental toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that neurosteroids disorders play a vital role in BDE209 induced-neurodevelopmental toxicity. To explore the mechanism of it, pregnant ICR mice were orally gavaged with 0, 225, and 900 mg kg-1 BDE209 for about 42 days. Spatial learning and memory abilities of offspring were tested on postnatal day (PND) 21. Offspring were euthanized at PND26, the neuronal structure, neurosteroids level, and related proteins including neurosteroids synthase, ionotropic receptors and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway were evaluated, as well as Ca2+ concentration and the mitochondrial membrane potential (Mmp). Our results showed that BDE209 impaired learning and memory abilities and disrupted neuronal structure. Meanwhile, BDE209 decreased the pregnenolone (PREG), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone (PROG) and allopregnanolone (ALLO) levels in the serum and brain, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of cholesterol-side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), steroid 17α-hy-droxylase (P450C17), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and steroid 5α-reductase of type I (5α-R) in the hippocampi. Also, BDE209 suppressed mRNA and protein levels of NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) and α1 subunit of the Gamma-amino butyric acid A receptor (GABAAR), but increased the levels of β2 and γ2 subunits of the GABAAR in the hippocampi. Moreover, BDE209 increased the Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation extracellular regulated protein kinases (P-ERK) 1/2 level, but decreased the P-CREB and Mmp level in the hippocampi. These results indicate that BDE209 exposure during pregnancy and lactation is possible to affect learning and memory formation of offspring by the neurosteroid-mediated ionotropic receptors dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Zen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China; Guangxi Colleges and University Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Lee Y, Choi Y, Seo GH, Kim GH, Choi IH, Keum C, Ko JM, Cheon CK, Jeon J, Choi JH, Yoo HW, Lee BH. Clinical and molecular spectra of BRAF-associated RASopathy. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:389-399. [PMID: 33040082 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) and cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome are the most common subtypes of RASopathy. As an effector of Ras, BRAF is one of the molecules responsible for RASopathy. We investigated the phenotypic and genotypic features of 26 patients with BRAF-associated RASopathy. The clinical diagnoses were CFC (n = 21, 80.8%), NS (n = 3, 11.5%), NS/CFC (n = 1, 3.8%), and undefined syndromic intellectual disability (ID) (n = 1, 3.8%). The mostly shared phenotypes were ID (90.5%), cutaneous manifestations (84.6%), congenital heart defects (76.9%), short stature (76.9%), and dysmorphic features such as short neck (65.4%) and low-set ears (65.4%). Importantly, moderate to severe ID (57.1%) and epilepsy (26.9%) were noted. Eighteen different missense mutations were found, including a novel mutation, p.Phe498Tyr. p.Gln257Arg (n = 9, 34.6%) was the most common mutation, and the mutations were clustered in the cysteine-rich domain or protein kinase domain. A review of previously reported cases along with our findings revealed the existence of multiple sub-phenotypes of RASopathy within a single genotype, indicating that BRAF-associated RASopathy is not variant-specific. Our study further delineated the diverse and expanded clinical phenotypes of BRAF-associated RASopathy with their molecular genetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunha Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Hee Choi
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Ju Y, Park JS, Kim D, Kim B, Lee JH, Nam Y, Yoo HW, Lee BH, Han YM. SHP2 mutations induce precocious gliogenesis of Noonan syndrome-derived iPSCs during neural development in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:209. [PMID: 32493428 PMCID: PMC7268229 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Noonan syndrome (NS) is a developmental disorder caused by mutations of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2). Although NS patients have diverse neurological manifestations, the mechanisms underlying the involvement of SHP2 mutations in neurological dysfunction remain elusive. Methods Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from dermal fibroblasts of three NS-patients (NS-iPSCs) differentiated to the neural cells by using two different culture systems, 2D- and 3D-cultured systems in vitro. Results Here we represent that SHP2 mutations cause aberrant neural development. The NS-iPSCs exhibited impaired development of EBs in which BMP and TGF-β signalings were activated. Defective early neuroectodermal development of NS-iPSCs recovered by inhibition of both signalings and further differentiated into NPCs. Intriguingly, neural cells developed from NS-NPCs exhibited abundancy of the glial cells, neurites of neuronal cells, and low electrophysiological property. Those aberrant phenotypes were also detected in NS-cerebral organoids. SHP2 inhibition in the NS-NPCs and NS-cerebral organoids ameliorated those anomalies such as biased glial differentiation and low neural activity. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that SHP2 mutations contribute to precocious gliogenesis in NS-iPSCs during neural development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Ju
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejeong Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Goz RU, Akgül G, LoTurco JJ. BRAFV600E expression in neural progenitors results in a hyperexcitable phenotype in neocortical pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2449-2464. [PMID: 32401131 PMCID: PMC7311733 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00523.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations have emerged as the likely cause of focal epilepsies associated with developmental malformations and epilepsy-associated glioneuronal tumors (GNT). Somatic BRAFV600E mutations in particular have been detected in the majority of low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LNETS) and in neurons in focal cortical dysplasias adjacent to epilepsy-associated tumors. Furthermore, conditional expression of an activating BRAF mutation in neocortex causes seizures in mice. In this study we characterized the cellular electrophysiology of layer 2/3 neocortical pyramidal neurons induced to express BRAFV600E from neural progenitor stages. In utero electroporation of a piggyBac transposase plasmid system was used to introduce transgenes expressing BRAF wild type (BRAFwt), BRAFV600E, and/or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) into radial glia progenitors in mouse embryonic cortex. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings of pyramidal neurons in slices prepared from both juvenile and adult mice showed that BRAFV600E resulted in neurons with a distinct hyperexcitable phenotype characterized by depolarized resting membrane potentials, increased input resistances, lowered action potential (AP) thresholds, and increased AP firing frequencies. Some of the BRAFV600E-expressing neurons normally destined for upper cortical layers by their birthdate were stalled in their migration and occupied lower cortical layers. BRAFV600E-expressing neurons also displayed increased hyperpolarization-induced inward currents (Ih) and decreased sustained potassium currents. Neurons adjacent to BRAFV600E transgene-expressing neurons, and neurons with TSC1 genetically deleted by CRISPR or those induced to carry PIK3CAE545K transgenes, did not show an excitability phenotype similar to that of BRAFV600E-expressing neurons. Together, these results indicate that BRAFV600E leads to a distinct hyperexcitable neuronal phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to report the cell autonomous effects of BRAFV600E mutations on the intrinsic neuronal excitability. We show that BRAFV600E alters multiple electrophysiological parameters in neocortical neurons. Similar excitability changes did not occur in cells neighboring BRAFV600E-expressing neurons, after overexpression of wild-type BRAF transgenes, or after introduction of mutations affecting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA). We conclude that BRAFV600E causes a distinct, cell autonomous, highly excitable neuronal phenotype when introduced somatically into neocortical neuronal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman U Goz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Gülcan Akgül
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Joseph J LoTurco
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Neuronal impact of patient-specific aberrant NRXN1α splicing. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1679-1690. [PMID: 31784728 PMCID: PMC7451045 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NRXN1 undergoes extensive alternative splicing, and non-recurrent heterozygous deletions in NRXN1 are strongly associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We establish that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons represent well the diversity of NRXN1α alternative splicing observed in the human brain, cataloguing 123 high-confidence in-frame human NRXN1α isoforms. Patient-derived NRXN1+/− hiPSC-neurons show greater than two-fold reduction of half of the wild-type NRXN1α isoforms and express dozens of novel isoforms expressed from the mutant allele. Reduced neuronal activity in patient-derived NRXN1+/− hiPSC-neurons is ameliorated by overexpression of individual control isoforms in a genotype-dependent manner, whereas individual mutant isoforms decrease neuronal activity levels in control hiPSC-neurons. In a genotype-dependent manner, the phenotypic impact of patient-specific NRXN1+/− mutations can occur through a reduction in wild-type NRXN1α isoform levels as well as the presence of mutant NRXN1α isoforms.
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Kang M, Lee YS. The impact of RASopathy-associated mutations on CNS development in mice and humans. Mol Brain 2019; 12:96. [PMID: 31752929 PMCID: PMC6873535 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of developmental processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, in the central nervous system (CNS). Germline mutations in the RAS signaling pathway genes are associated with a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively called RASopathy, which includes neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, and Costello syndrome. Most mutations associated with RASopathies increase the activity of the RAS-ERK signaling pathway, and therefore, most individuals with RASopathies share common phenotypes, such as a short stature, heart defects, facial abnormalities, and cognitive impairments, which are often accompanied by abnormal CNS development. Recent studies using mouse models of RASopathies demonstrated that particular mutations associated with each disorder disrupt CNS development in a mutation-specific manner. Here, we reviewed the recent literatures that investigated the developmental role of RASopathy-associated mutations using mutant mice, which provided insights into the specific contribution of RAS-ERK signaling molecules to CNS development and the subsequent impact on cognitive function in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Kim YE, Baek ST. Neurodevelopmental Aspects of RASopathies. Mol Cells 2019; 42:441-447. [PMID: 31250618 PMCID: PMC6602148 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS gene mutations are frequently found in one third of human cancers. Affecting approximately 1 in 1,000 newborns, germline and somatic gain-of-function mutations in the components of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway has been shown to cause developmental disorders, known as RASopathies. Since RAS-MAPK pathway plays essential roles in proliferation, differentiation and migration involving developmental processes, individuals with RASopathies show abnormalities in various organ systems including central nervous system. The frequently seen neurological defects are developmental delay, macrocephaly, seizures, neurocognitive deficits, and structural malformations. Some of the defects stemmed from dysregulation of molecular and cellular processes affecting early neurodevelopmental processes. In this review, we will discuss the implications of RAS-MAPK pathway components in neurodevelopmental processes and pathogenesis of RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673,
Korea
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Srinivasan G, Morgan D, Varun D, Brookhouser N, Brafman DA. An integrated biomanufacturing platform for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:168-179. [PMID: 29775730 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) have the unique properties of long-term in vitro expansion as well as differentiation into the various neurons and supporting cell types of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of these characteristics, hNPCs have tremendous potential in the modeling and treatment of various CNS diseases and disorders. However, expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs in quantities necessary for these applications is not possible with current two dimensional (2-D) approaches. Here, we used a fully defined peptide substrate as the basis for a microcarrier (MC)-based suspension culture system. Several independently derived hNPC lines were cultured on MCs for multiple passages as well as efficiently differentiated to neurons. Finally, this MC-based system was used in conjunction with a low shear rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor for the integrated, large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs. Overall, this fully defined and scalable biomanufacturing system will facilitate the generation of hNPCs and their neuronal derivatives in quantities necessary for basic and translational applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this work, we developed a microcarrier (MC)-based culture system that allows for the expansion and neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) under defined conditions. In turn, this MC approach was implemented in a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor for the large-scale expansion and neuronal differentiation of hNPCs. This work is of significance as it overcomes current limitations of conventional two dimensional (2-D) culture systems to enable the generation of hNPCs and their neuronal derivatives in quantities required for downstream applications in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Srinivasan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Daylin Morgan
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Divya Varun
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Nicholas Brookhouser
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States.
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