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Biniazan F, Stoian A, Haykal S. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Angiogenetic Potential and Utility in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2356. [PMID: 38397032 PMCID: PMC10889096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a large and important energy storage organ as well as an endocrine organ with a critical role in many processes. Additionally, AT is an enormous and easily accessible source of multipotent cell types used in our day for all types of tissue regeneration. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into other types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, is used in tissue engineering in order to promote/stimulate the process of angiogenesis. Being a key for future successful clinical applications, functional vascular networks in engineered tissue are targeted by numerous in vivo and ex vivo studies. The article reviews the angiogenic potential of ADSCs and explores their capacity in the field of tissue engineering (TE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Stoian
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
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2
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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Gandolfi S, Pileyre B, Drouot L, Dubus I, Auquit-Auckbur I, Martinet J. Stromal vascular fraction in the treatment of myositis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:346. [PMID: 37726262 PMCID: PMC10509179 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is a physiological process that converts satellite cells into mature myotubes under the influence of an inflammatory environment progressively replaced by an anti-inflammatory environment, with precise crosstalk between immune and muscular cells. If the succession of these phases is disturbed, the immune system can sometimes become auto-reactive, leading to chronic muscular inflammatory diseases, such as myositis. The triggers of these autoimmune myopathies remain mostly unknown, but the main mechanisms of pathogenesis are partially understood. They involve chronic inflammation, which could be associated with an auto-reactive immune response, and gradually with a decrease in the regenerative capacities of the muscle, leading to its degeneration, fibrosis and vascular architecture deterioration. Immunosuppressive treatments can block the first part of the process, but sometimes muscle remains weakened, or even still deteriorates, due to the exhaustion of its capacities. For patients refractory to immunosuppressive therapies, mesenchymal stem cells have shown interesting effects but their use is limited by their availability. Stromal vascular fraction, which can easily be extracted from adipose tissue, has shown good tolerance and possible therapeutic benefits in several degenerative and autoimmune diseases. However, despite the increasing use of stromal vascular fraction, the therapeutically active components within this heterogeneous cellular product are ill-defined and the mechanisms by which this therapy might be active remain insufficiently understood. We review herein the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of stromal vascular fraction and hypothesise on how it could potentially respond to some of the unmet treatment needs of refractory myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gandolfi
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Toulouse University Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - B Pileyre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, F-76000, Rouen, France.
- Centre Henri Becquerel, Department of Pharmacy, F-76000, Rouen, France.
| | - L Drouot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - I Dubus
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - I Auquit-Auckbur
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, CHU Rouen, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - J Martinet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1234, FOCIS Center of Excellence PAn'THER, CHU Rouen, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, F-76000, Rouen, France
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4
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Alheib O, da Silva LP, Mesquita KA, da Silva Morais A, Pirraco RP, Reis RL, Correlo VM. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells laden in gellan gum spongy-like hydrogels for volumetric muscle loss treatment. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065005. [PMID: 37604159 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf25b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic massive loss of muscular tissue which frequently leads to amputation, limb loss, or lifetime disability. The current medical intervention is limited to autologous tissue transfer, which usually leads to non-functional tissue recovery. Tissue engineering holds a huge promise for functional recovery. METHODS in this work, we evaluated the potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) pre-cultured in gellan gum based spongy-like hydrogels (SLHs). RESULTS in vitro, hASCs were spreading, proliferating, and releasing growth factors and cytokines (i.e. fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor) important for muscular regeneration. After implantation into a volumetric muscle loss (VML) mouse model, implants were degrading overtime, entirely integrating into the host between 4 and 8 weeks. In both SLH and SLH + hASCs defects, infiltrated cells were observed inside constructs associated with matrix deposition. Also, minimal collagen deposition was marginally observed around the constructs along both time-points. Neovascularization (CD31+vessels) and neoinnervation (β-III tubulin+bundles) were significantly detected in the SLH + hASCs group, in relation to the SHAM (empty lesion). A higher density ofα-SA+and MYH7+cells were found in the injury site among all different experimental groups, at both time-points, in relation to the SHAM. The levels ofα-SA, MyoD1, and myosin heavy chain proteins were moderately increased in the SLH + hASCs group after 4 weeks, and in the hASCs group after 8 weeks, in relation to the SHAM. CONCLUSIONS taken together, defects treated with hASCs-laden SLH promoted angiogenesis, neoinnervation, and the expression of myogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alheib
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucilia P da Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Franchi-Mendes T, Silva M, Cartaxo AL, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL. Bioprocessing Considerations towards the Manufacturing of Therapeutic Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1067. [PMID: 37760170 PMCID: PMC10525286 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches within the muscle context represent a promising emerging field to address the current therapeutic challenges related with multiple pathological conditions affecting the muscle compartments, either skeletal muscle or smooth muscle, responsible for involuntary and voluntary contraction, respectively. In this review, several features and parameters involved in the bioprocessing of muscle cells are addressed. The cell isolation process is depicted, depending on the type of tissue (smooth or skeletal muscle), followed by the description of the challenges involving the use of adult donor tissue and the strategies to overcome the hurdles of reaching relevant cell numbers towards a clinical application. Specifically, the use of stem/progenitor cells is highlighted as a source for smooth and skeletal muscle cells towards the development of a cellular product able to maintain the target cell's identity and functionality. Moreover, taking into account the need for a robust and cost-effective bioprocess for cell manufacturing, the combination of muscle cells with biomaterials and the need for scale-up envisioning clinical applications are also approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marília Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Cartaxo
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Jo S, Lee J, Lee H, Ryu D, Kim G. The one-step fabrication of porous hASC-laden GelMa constructs using a handheld printing system. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:30. [PMID: 37301902 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of highly porous cell-loaded structures in tissue engineering applications has been a challenging issue because non-porous cell-laden struts can cause severe cell necrosis in the middle region owing to poor transport of nutrients and oxygen. In this study, we propose a versatile handheld 3D printer for the effective fabrication of porous cell-laden methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) with high porosity (≈97%) by air injection and a bubble-making system using mesh filters through which a mixture of air/GelMa bioink is passed. In particular, the pore size and foamability of the cell constructs could be manipulated using various processing parameters (rheological properties of GelMa, filter size and number, and air-bioink volume ratio). To demonstrate the feasibility of the cell construct as a tissue engineering substitute for muscle regeneration, in vitro cellular activities and in vivo regeneration ability of human adipose stem cells were assessed. The in vitro results demonstrated that the human adipose stem cells (hASCs) fabricated using the handheld 3D printer were alive and well-proliferated. Furthermore, the in vivo results showed that the hASCs-constructs directly printed from the handheld 3D printer showed significant restoration of functionality and efficient muscle regeneration in the volumetric muscle loss model of mice. Based on these results, the fabrication method of the porous cell-laden construct could be a promising tool for regenerating muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeoYul Jo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - JiUn Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Bruno S, Landi V, Senczuk G, Brooks SA, Almathen F, Faye B, Gaouar SSB, Piro M, Kim KS, David X, Eggen A, Burger P, Ciani E. Refining the Camelus dromedarius Myostatin Gene Polymorphism through Worldwide Whole-Genome Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2068. [PMID: 36009658 PMCID: PMC9404819 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a highly conserved negative regulator of skeletal muscle in mammals. Inactivating mutations results in a hyper-muscularity phenotype known as "double muscling" in several livestock and model species. In Camelus dromedarius, the gene structure organization and the sequence polymorphisms have been previously investigated, using Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing technologies on a limited number of animals. Here, we carried out a follow-up study with the aim to further expand our knowledge about the sequence polymorphisms at the myostatin locus, through the whole-genome sequencing data of 183 samples representative of the geographical distribution range for this species. We focused our polymorphism analysis on the ±5 kb upstream and downstream region of the MSTN gene. A total of 99 variants (77 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and 22 indels) were observed. These were mainly located in intergenic and intronic regions, with only six synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in exons. A sequence comparative analysis among the three species within the Camelus genus confirmed the expected higher genetic distance of C. dromedarius from the wild and domestic two-humped camels compared to the genetic distance between C. bactrianus and C. ferus. In silico functional prediction highlighted: (i) 213 differential putative transcription factor-binding sites, out of which 41 relative to transcription factors, with known literature evidence supporting their involvement in muscle metabolism and/or muscle development; and (ii) a number of variants potentially disrupting the canonical MSTN splicing elements, out of which two are discussed here for their potential ability to generate a prematurely truncated (inactive) form of the protein. The distribution of the considered variants in the studied cohort is discussed in light of the peculiar evolutionary history of this species and the hypothesis that extremely high muscularity, associated with a homozygous condition for mutated (inactivating) alleles at the myostatin locus, may represent, in arid desert conditions, a clear metabolic disadvantage, emphasizing the thermoregulatory and water availability challenges typical of these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bruno
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Landi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Samantha Ann Brooks
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Faisal Almathen
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammed Piro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Reproduction, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat BP 6202, Morocco
| | - Kwan Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | | | | | - Pamela Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Ciani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
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8
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Jiang Z, Fu M, Zhu D, Wang X, Li N, Ren L, He J, Yang G. Genetically modified immunomodulatory cell-based biomaterials in tissue regeneration and engineering. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 66:53-73. [PMID: 35690567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, the wide application of cell-based biomaterials in tissue engineering and regeneration is remarkably hampered by immune rejection. Reducing the immunogenicity of cell-based biomaterials has become the latest direction in biomaterial research. Recently, genetically modified cell-based biomaterials with immunomodulatory genes have become a feasible solution to the immunogenicity problem. In this review, recent advances and future challenges of genetically modified immunomodulatory cell-based biomaterials are elaborated, including fabrication approaches, mechanisms of common immunomodulatory genes, application and, more importantly, current preclinical and clinical advances. The fabrication approaches can be categorized into commonly used (e.g., virus transfection) and newly developed approaches. The immunomodulatory mechanisms of representative genes involve complicated cell signaling pathways and metabolic activities. Wide application in curing multiple end-term diseases and replacing lifelong immunosuppressive therapy in multiple cell and organ transplantation models is demonstrated. Most significantly, practices of genetically modified organ transplantation have been conducted on brain-dead human decedent and even on living patients after a series of experiments on nonhuman primates. Nevertheless, uncertain biosecurity, nonspecific effects and overlooked personalization of current genetically modified immunomodulatory cell-based biomaterials are shortcomings that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mengdie Fu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jin He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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9
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Filho DM, de Carvalho Ribeiro P, Oliveira LF, Dos Santos ALRT, Parreira RC, Pinto MCX, Resende RR. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the CRISPR-Cas System. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:463-473. [PMID: 31147819 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as multipotent mesenchymal stromal stem cells, are found in the perivascular space of several tissues. These cells have been subject of intense research in the last decade due to their low teratogenicity, as well as their ability to differentiate into mature cells and to secrete immunomodulatory and trophic factors. However, they usually promote only a modest benefit when transplanted in experimental disease models, one of the limitations for their clinical application. The CRISPR-Cas system, in turn, is highlighted as a simple and effective tool for genetic engineering. This system was tested in clinical trials over a relatively short period of time after establishing its applicability to the edition of the mammalian cell genome. Similar to the research evolution in MSCs, the CRISPR-Cas system demonstrated inconsistencies that limited its clinical application. In this review, we outline the evolution of MSC research and its applicability, and the progress of the CRISPR-Cas system from its discovery to the most recent clinical trials. We also propose perspectives on how the CRISPR-Cas system may improve the therapeutic potential of MSCs, making it more beneficial and long lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mendes Filho
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Carvalho Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Felipe Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA-CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Minas Gerais Network for Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy (REMETTECFAPEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Cambraia Parreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Goias Federal University, Goiania, Goias, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Institute, Goias Federal University, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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10
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Altamirano DE, Noller K, Mihaly E, Grayson WL. Recent advances toward understanding the role of transplanted stem cells in tissue-engineered regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. F1000Res 2020; 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-118. [PMID: 32117568 PMCID: PMC7029752 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21333.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering is poised to revolutionize the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. However, in order to overcome scientific, practical, and regulatory obstacles and optimize therapeutic strategies, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms underlying the pro-regenerative effects of stem cells. There has been an attempted paradigm shift within the last decade to think of transplanted stem cells as "medicinal" therapies that orchestrate healing on the basis of their secretome and immunomodulatory profiles rather than acting as bona fide stem cells that proliferate, differentiate, and directly produce matrix to form de novo tissues. Yet the majority of current bone and skeletal muscle tissue engineering strategies are still premised on a direct contribution of stem cells as building blocks to tissue regeneration. Our review of the recent literature finds that researchers continue to focus on the quantification of de novo bone/skeletal muscle tissue following treatment and few studies aim to address this mechanistic conundrum directly. The dichotomy of thought is reflected in the diversity of new advances ranging from in situ three-dimensional bioprinting to a focus on exosomes and extracellular vesicles. However, recent findings elucidating the role of the immune system in tissue regeneration combined with novel imaging platform technologies will have a profound impact on our future understanding of how stem cells promote healing following biomaterial-mediated delivery to defect sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas E. Altamirano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Kathleen Noller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Duke University Medical School, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Eszter Mihaly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Warren L. Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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11
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Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Sikorski P, Leach JK. Bio-instructive materials for musculoskeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:20-34. [PMID: 31302298 PMCID: PMC6717669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and cost of disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system are predicted to rise significantly in the coming years due to the aging global population and the increase of associated risk factors. Despite being the second largest cause of disability, the clinical options for therapeutic intervention remain limited. The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders faces many challenges including maintenance of cell survival in the harsh in vivo environment and the lack of control over regulating cell phenotype upon implantation. In order to address these challenges, the development of bio-instructive materials to modulate cell behavior has taken center stage as a strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of various cell populations. However, the determination of the necessary cues for a specific application and how these signals should be presented from a biomaterial remains elusive. This review highlights recent biochemical and physical strategies used to engineer bio-instructive materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. There is a particular emphasis on emerging efforts such as the engineering of immunomodulatory and antibacterial materials, as well as the incorporation of these strategies into biofabrication and organ-on-a-chip approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system affect individuals across the lifespan and have a profound effect on mobility and quality of life. While small defects in many tissues can heal successfully, larger defects are often unable to heal or instead heal with inferior quality fibrous tissue and require clinical intervention. Cell-based therapies are a promising option for clinical translation, yet challenges related to maintaining cell survival and instructing cell phenotype upon implantation have limited the success of this approach. Bio-instructive materials provide an exciting opportunity to modulate cell behavior and enhance the efficacy of cell-based approaches for musculoskeletal repair. However, the identification of critical instructive cues and how to present these stimuli is a focus of intense investigation. This review highlights recent biochemical and physical strategies used to engineer bio-instructive materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues, while also considering exciting progress in the engineering of immunomodulatory and antibacterial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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12
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Seo Y, Shin TH, Kim HS. Current Strategies to Enhance Adipose Stem Cell Function: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3827. [PMID: 31387282 PMCID: PMC6696067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapeutic tool targeting a variety of inflammatory disorders due to their multiple remarkable properties, such as superior immunomodulatory function and tissue-regenerative capacity. Although bone marrow (BM) is a dominant source for adult MSCs, increasing evidence suggests that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be easily obtained at a relatively high yield, have potent therapeutic advantages comparable with BM-MSCs. Despite its outstanding benefits in pre-clinical settings, the practical efficacy of ASCs remains controversial since clinical trials with ASC application often resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes. To overcome this challenge, scientists established several strategies to generate highly functional ASCs beyond the naïve cells, including (1) pre-conditioning of ASCs with various stimulants such as inflammatory agents, (2) genetic manipulation of ASCs and (3) modification of culture conditions with three-dimensional (3D) aggregate formation and hypoxic culture. Also, exosomes and other extracellular vesicles secreted from ASCs can be applied directly to recapitulate the beneficial performance of ASCs. This review summarizes the current strategies to improve the therapeutic features of ASCs for successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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13
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Piga D, Salani S, Magri F, Brusa R, Mauri E, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Corti S. Human induced pluripotent stem cell models for the study and treatment of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419833478. [PMID: 31105767 PMCID: PMC6501480 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419833478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are the most common muscle diseases and are both currently incurable. They are caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, which lead to the absence or reduction/truncation of the encoded protein, with progressive muscle degeneration that clinically manifests in muscle weakness, cardiac and respiratory involvement and early death. The limits of animal models to exactly reproduce human muscle disease and to predict clinically relevant treatment effects has prompted the development of more accurate in vitro skeletal muscle models. However, the challenge of effectively obtaining mature skeletal muscle cells or satellite stem cells as primary cultures has hampered the development of in vitro models. Here, we discuss the recently developed technologies that enable the differentiation of skeletal muscle from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of Duchenne and Becker patients. These systems recapitulate key disease features including inflammation and scarce regenerative myogenic capacity that are partially rescued by genetic and pharmacological therapies and can provide a useful platform to study and realize future therapeutic treatments. Implementation of this model also takes advantage of the developing genome editing field, which is a promising approach not only for correcting dystrophin, but also for modulating the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and disease. These data prove the possibility of creating an accurate Duchenne and Becker in vitro model starting from iPSCs, to be used for pathogenetic studies and for drug screening to identify strategies capable of stopping or reversing muscular dystrophinopathies and other muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Piga
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Magri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Brusa
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mauri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P. Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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14
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Tang X, Daneshmandi L, Awale G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:233-251. [PMID: 33778155 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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15
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Pantelic MN, Larkin LM. Stem Cells for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:373-391. [PMID: 29652595 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a debilitating condition wherein muscle loss overwhelms the body's normal physiological repair mechanism. VML is particularly common among military service members who have sustained war injuries. Because of the high social and medical cost associated with VML and suboptimal current surgical treatments, there is great interest in developing better VML therapies. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) is a promising alternative to traditional VML surgical treatments that use autogenic tissue grafts, and rather uses isolated stem cells with myogenic potential to generate de novo skeletal muscle tissues to treat VML. Satellite cells are the native precursors to skeletal muscle tissue, and are thus the most commonly studied starting source for SMTE. However, satellite cells are difficult to isolate and purify, and it is presently unknown whether they would be a practical source in clinical SMTE applications. Alternative myogenic stem cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, perivascular stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, each have myogenic potential and have been identified as possible starting sources for SMTE, although they have yet to be studied in detail for this purpose. These alternative stem cell varieties offer unique advantages and disadvantages that are worth exploring further to advance the SMTE field toward highly functional, safe, and practical VML treatments. The following review summarizes the current state of satellite cell-based SMTE, details the properties and practical advantages of alternative myogenic stem cells, and offers guidance to tissue engineers on how alternative myogenic stem cells can be incorporated into SMTE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly N Pantelic
- 1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- 1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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16
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Jung JE, Song MJ, Shin S, Choi YJ, Kim KH, Chung CJ. Local myogenic pulp-derived cell injection enhances craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 20:35-43. [PMID: 28102011 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enhance myogenic differentiation in pulp cells isolated from extracted premolars by epigenetic modification using a DNA demethylation agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), and to evaluate the potent stimulatory effect of 5-Aza-treated pulp cell injection for craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Pulp cells were isolated from premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes from four adults (age range, 18-22.1 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS Levels of myogenic differentiation and functional contraction response in vitro were compared between pulp cells with or without pre-treatment of 5-Aza. Changes in muscle regeneration in response to green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled myogenic pulp cell injection in vivo were evaluated using a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury model of the gastrocnemius as well as the masseter muscle in mice. RESULTS Pre-treatment of 5-Aza in pulp cells stimulated myotube formation, myogenic differentiation in terms of desmin and myogenin expression, and the level of collagen gel contraction. The local injection of 5-Aza pre-treated myogenic pulp cells was engrafted into the host tissue and indicated signs of enhanced muscle regeneration in both the gastrocnemius and the masseter muscles. CONCLUSION The epigenetic modification of pulp cells from extracted premolars and the local injection of myogenic pulp cells may stimulate craniofacial muscles regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Korea
| | - S Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C J Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Sung SE, Hwang M, Kim AY, Lee EM, Lee EJ, Hwang SK, Kim SY, Kim HK, Jeong KS. MyoD Overexpressed Equine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhanced Myogenic Differentiation Potential. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2017-2026. [PMID: 26892394 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells could potentially be used in the clinical treatment of muscle disorders and muscle regeneration. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be easily isolated from adipose tissue, as opposed to stem cells of other tissues. We believe that cell therapy using ADSCs could be applied to muscle disorders in horses and other species. We sought to improve the myogenic differentiation potential of equine ADSCs (eqADSCs) using a MyoD lentiviral vector. MyoD lentiviruses were transduced into eqADSCs and selected using puromycin. Cells were cultured in differentiation media containing 5% horse serum, and after 5 days the MyoD-transduced cells differentiated into myogenic cells (MyoD-eqADSCs). Using green fluorescent protein (GFP), MyoD-eqADSCs were purified and transplanted into the tibialis anterior muscles of mice after they were injured with the myotoxin notexin. The mice were sacrificed to examine any regeneration in the tibialis anterior muscle 4 weeks after the MyoD-eqADSCs were injected. The MyoD-eqADSCs cultured in growth media expressed murine and equine MyoD; however, they did not express late differentiation markers such as myogenin (MYOG). When cells were grown in differentiation media, the expression of MYOG was clearly observed. According to our reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry results, MyoD-eqADSCs expressed terminal myogenic phase genes, such as those encoding dystrophin, myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. The MyoD-eqADSCs fused to each other, and the formation of myotube-like cells from myoblasts in differentiation media occurred between days 5 and 14 postplating. In mice, we observed GFP-positive myofibers, which had differentiated from the injected MyoD-eqADSCs. Our approaches improved the myogenic differentiation of eqADSCs through the forced expression of murine MyoD. Our findings suggest that limitations in the treatment of equine muscle disorders could be overcome using ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Meeyul Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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18
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Milner DJ, Bionaz M, Monaco E, Cameron JA, Wheeler MB. Myogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from porcine adipose tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:507-522. [PMID: 29318389 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and materials science have provided a basis for developing tissue engineering methods to repair muscle injury. Among stem cell populations with potential to aid muscle repair, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) hold great promise. To evaluate the possibility of using porcine ASC for muscle regeneration studies, we co-cultured porcine ASC with murine C2C12 myoblasts. These experiments demonstrated that porcine ASC display significant myogenic potential. Co-culture of ASC expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) with C2C12 cells resulted in GFP+ myotube formation, indicating fusion of ASC with myoblasts to form myotubes. The presence of porcine lamin A/C positive nuclei in myotubes and RTqPCR analysis of porcine myogenin and desmin expression confirmed that myotube nuclei derived from ASC contribute to muscle gene expression. Co-culturing GFP+ASC with porcine satellite cells demonstrated enhanced myogenic capability of ASC, as the percentage of labeled myotubes increased compared to mouse co-cultures. Enhancing myogenic potential of ASC through soluble factor treatment or expansion of ASC with innate myogenic capacity should allow for their therapeutic use to regenerate muscle tissue lost to disease or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Milner
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elisa Monaco
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jo Ann Cameron
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Asfour HA, Allouh MZ, Said RS. Myogenic regulatory factors: The orchestrators of myogenesis after 30 years of discovery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:118-128. [PMID: 29307280 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217749494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal myogenesis share many cellular and molecular aspects. Myogenic regulatory factors are basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factors that indispensably regulate both processes. These factors (Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin, and MRF4) function as an orchestrating cascade, with some overlapped actions. Prenatally, myogenic regulatory factors are restrictedly expressed in somite-derived myogenic progenitor cells and their derived myoblasts. Postnatally, myogenic regulatory factors are important in regulating the myogenesis process via satellite cells. Many positive and negative regulatory mechanisms exist either between myogenic regulatory factors themselves or between myogenic regulatory factors and other proteins. Upstream factors and signals are also involved in the control of myogenic regulatory factors expression within different prenatal and postnatal myogenic cells. Here, the authors have conducted a thorough and an up-to-date review of the myogenic regulatory factors since their discovery 30 years ago. This review discusses the myogenic regulatory factors structure, mechanism of action, and roles and regulations during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis. Impact statement Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are key players in the process of myogenesis. Despite a considerable amount of literature regarding these factors, their exact mechanisms of actions are still incompletely understood with several overlapped functions. Herein, we revised what has hitherto been reported in the literature regarding MRF structures, molecular pathways that regulate their activities, and their roles during pre- and post-natal myogenesis. The work submitted in this review article is considered of great importance for researchers in the field of skeletal muscle formation and regeneration, as it provides a comprehensive summary of all the biological aspects of MRFs and advances a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myogenesis. Indeed, attaining a better understanding of MRFs could be utilized in developing novel therapeutic protocols for multiple myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A Asfour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Raed S Said
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, 37251 Jordan University of Science & Technology , Irbid 22110, Jordan
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20
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Regenerative Medicine Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1089:115-141. [PMID: 29767289 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major research challenge is to develop therapeutics that assist with healing damaged tissues and organs because the human body has limited ability to restore the majority of these tissues and organs to their original state. Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM) promises to offer efficient therapeutic biological strategies that use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs possess the capability for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties that make them attractive for clinical applications. They have been extensively investigated in numerous preclinical and clinical settings in an attempt to overcome their challenges and promote tissue regeneration and repair. This review explores the exciting opportunities afforded by MSCs, their desirable properties as cellular therapeutics in RM, and implicates their potential use in clinical practice. Here, we attempt to identify challenges and issues that determine the clinical efficacy of MSCs as treatment for skeletal and non-skeletal tissues.
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21
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Polstein LR, Juhas M, Hanna G, Bursac N, Gersbach CA. An Engineered Optogenetic Switch for Spatiotemporal Control of Gene Expression, Cell Differentiation, and Tissue Morphogenesis. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:2003-2013. [PMID: 28793186 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression, cell differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis has widespread application in regenerative medicine and the study of tissue development. In this work, we applied optogenetics to control cell differentiation and new tissue formation. Specifically, we engineered an optogenetic "on" switch that provides permanent transgene expression following a transient dose of blue light illumination. To demonstrate its utility in controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming, we incorporated an engineered form of the master myogenic factor MyoD into this system in multipotent cells. Illumination of cells with blue light activated myogenic differentiation, including upregulation of myogenic markers and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Cell differentiation was spatially patterned by illumination of cell cultures through a photomask. To demonstrate the application of the system to controlling in vivo tissue development, the light inducible switch was used to control the expression of VEGF and angiopoietin-1, which induced angiogenic sprouting in a mouse dorsal window chamber model. Live intravital microscopy showed illumination-dependent increases in blood-perfused microvasculature. This optogenetic switch is broadly useful for applications in which sustained and patterned gene expression is desired following transient induction, including tissue engineering, gene therapy, synthetic biology, and fundamental studies of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Polstein
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Gabi Hanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Charles A. Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for
Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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22
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Abstract
Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs), together with adipocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, are contained in fat tissue. ASCs, like the human bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs), can differentiate into several lineages (adipose cells, fibroblast, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, myocytes, and cardiomyocytes). They have also been shown to be immunoprivileged, and genetically stable in long-term cultures. Nevertheless, unlike the BMSCs, ASCs can be easily harvested in large amounts with minimal invasive procedures. The combination of these properties suggests that these cells may be a useful tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciuffi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Zonefrati
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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23
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Lorant J, Saury C, Schleder C, Robriquet F, Lieubeau B, Négroni E, Leroux I, Chabrand L, Viau S, Babarit C, Ledevin M, Dubreil L, Hamel A, Magot A, Thorin C, Guevel L, Delorme B, Péréon Y, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Rouger K. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Potential of Human MuStem Cells following Transplantation into Injured Mice Muscle. Mol Ther 2017; 26:618-633. [PMID: 29221805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
After intra-arterial delivery in the dystrophic dog, allogeneic muscle-derived stem cells, termed MuStem cells, contribute to long-term stabilization of the clinical status and preservation of the muscle regenerative process. However, it remains unknown whether the human counterpart could be identified, considering recent demonstrations of divergent features between species for several somatic stem cells. Here, we report that MuStem cells reside in human skeletal muscle and display a long-term ability to proliferate, allowing generation of a clinically relevant amount of cells. Cultured human MuStem (hMuStem) cells do not express hematopoietic, endothelial, or myo-endothelial cell markers and reproducibly correspond to a population of early myogenic-committed progenitors with a perivascular/mesenchymal phenotypic signature, revealing a blood vessel wall origin. Importantly, they exhibit both myogenesis in vitro and skeletal muscle regeneration after intramuscular delivery into immunodeficient host mice. Together, our findings provide new insights supporting the notion that hMuStem cells could represent an interesting therapeutic candidate for dystrophic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lorant
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Charlotte Saury
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France; Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, Mouvaux, 59420, France
| | - Cindy Schleder
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Florence Robriquet
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France; Université de Nantes, UBL, Nantes, France
| | | | - Elisa Négroni
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | | | - Sabrina Viau
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, Mouvaux, 59420, France
| | - Candice Babarit
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France
| | - Antoine Hamel
- Service de Chirurgie Infantile, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Nantes 44093, France
| | - Armelle Magot
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Animale et Pharmacologie fonctionnelle, Oniris, Nantes 44307, France
| | - Laëtitia Guevel
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France; Université de Nantes, UBL, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Delorme
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, Mouvaux, 59420, France
| | - Yann Péréon
- Centre de Référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Paris 75013, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France.
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Patruno M, Gomiero C, Sacchetto R, Topel O, Negro A, Martinello T. Tat-MyoD fused proteins, together with C2c12 conditioned medium, are able to induce equine adult mesenchimal stem cells towards the myogenic fate. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:211-217. [PMID: 28589421 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Tat protein is able to translocate through the plasma membrane and when it is fused with other peptides may acts as a protein transduction system. This ability appears particularly interesting to induce tissue-specific differentiation when the Tat protein is associated to transcription factors. In the present work, the potential of the complex Tat-MyoD in inducing equine peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) towards the myogenic fate, was evaluated. Results showed that the internalization process of Tat-MyoD happens only in serum free conditions and that the nuclear localization of the fused complex is observed after 15 hours of incubation. However, the supplement of Tat-MyoD only was not sufficient to induce myogenesis and, therefore, in order to achieve the myogenic differentiation of PB-MSCs, conditioned medium from C2C12 cells was added without direct contact. Real Time PCR and immunofluorescence methods evaluated the establishment of a myogenic program. Our results suggest that TAT- transduction of Tat-MyoD, when supported by conditioned medium, represents a useful methodology to induce myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gomiero
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ohad Topel
- VTH - Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,VTH - Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tiziana Martinello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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25
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Amirpour N, Razavi S, Esfandiari E, Hashemibeni B, Kazemi M, Salehi H. Hanging drop culture enhances differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into anterior neuroectodermal cells using small molecules. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:21-30. [PMID: 28285945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by in vivo developmental process, several studies were conducted to design a protocol for differentiating of mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in vitro. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) as mesenchymal stem cells are a promising source for this purpose. At current study, we applied a defined neural induction medium by using small molecules for direct differentiation of hADSCs into anterior neuroectodermal cells. Anterior neuroectodermal differentiation of hADSCs was performed by hanging drop and monolayer protocols. At these methods, three small molecules were used to suppress the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways in order to obtain anterior neuroectodermal (eye field) cells from hADSCs. After two and three weeks of induction, the differentiated cells with neural morphology expressed anterior neuroectodermal markers such as OTX2, SIX3, β-TUB III and PAX6. The protein expression of such markers was confirmed by real time, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods According to our data, it seems that the hanging drop method is a proper approach for neuroectodermal induction of hADSCs. Considering wide availability and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs, these cells may open a way for autologous cell therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Amirpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batoul Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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26
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Miroshnychenko O, Chang WT, Dragoo JL. The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts: Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:945-953. [PMID: 28027451 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516677547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to augment tissue repair and regeneration after musculoskeletal injury. However, there is increasing clinical evidence that PRP does not show a consistent clinical effect. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to compare the effects of the following non-neutrophil-containing (leukocyte-poor) plasma fractions on human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) differentiation: (1) PRP, (2) modified PRP (Mod-PRP), in which transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and myostatin (MSTN) were depleted, and (3) platelet-poor plasma (PPP). The hypothesis was that leukocyte-poor PRP would lead to myoblast proliferation (not differentiation), whereas certain modifications of PRP preparations would increase myoblast differentiation, which is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Blood from 7 human donors was individually processed to simultaneously create leukocyte-poor fractions: PRP, Mod-PRP, PPP, and secondarily spun PRP and Mod-PRP (PRPss and Mod-PRPss, respectively). Mod-PRP was produced by removing TGF-β1 and MSTN from PRP using antibodies attached to sterile beads, while a second-stage centrifugal spin of PRP was performed to remove platelets. The biologics were individually added to cell culture groups. Analysis for induction into myoblast differentiation pathways included Western blot analysis, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry, as well as confocal microscopy to assess polynucleated myotubule formation. RESULTS HSMMs cultured with PRP showed an increase in proliferation but no evidence of differentiation. Western blot analysis confirmed that MSTN and TGF-β1 could be decreased in Mod-PRP using antibody-coated beads, but this modification mildly improved myoblast differentiation. However, cell culture with PPP, PRPss, and Mod-PRPss led to a decreased proliferation rate but a significant induction of myoblast differentiation verified by increased multinucleated myotubule formation and myosin heavy chain expression (mean 8-fold change in mRNA level; P < .05), which was comparable with 2% horse serum, the positive control. CONCLUSION PPP and leukocyte-poor PRP preparations subjected to a second spin to remove the platelets led to induction of myoblast cells into the muscle differentiation pathway, whereas unmodified leukocyte-poor PRP led to myoblast proliferation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that traditionally formulated PRP may not be appropriate to induce muscle regeneration. Laboratory evidence suggests that PPP or non-neutrophil-containing PRPss, subjected to an additional spin to remove platelets, should be used to stimulate myoblast differentiation, which is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration. Clinical studies will be required to confirm the effect of these biologics on muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Miroshnychenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen-Teh Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason L Dragoo
- Sports Medicine Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, California, USA
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Sarveazad A, Newstead GL, Mirzaei R, Joghataei MT, Bakhtiari M, Babahajian A, Mahjoubi B. A new method for treating fecal incontinence by implanting stem cells derived from human adipose tissue: preliminary findings of a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:40. [PMID: 28222801 PMCID: PMC5320771 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anal sphincter defects are a major cause of fecal incontinence causing negative effects on daily life, social interactions, and mental health. Because human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hADSCs) are easier and safer to access, secrete high levels of growth factor, and have the potential to differentiate into muscle cells, we investigated the ability of hADSCs to improve anal sphincter incontinence. METHODS The present randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed on patients with sphincter defects. They were categorized into a cell group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9). Either 6 × 106 hADSCs per 3 ml suspended in phosphate buffer saline (treatment) or 3 ml phosphate buffer saline (placebo) was injected. Two months after surgery, the Wexner score, endorectal sonography, and electromyography (EMG) results were recorded. RESULTS Comparing Wexner scores in the cell group and the control group showed no significant difference. In our EMG and endorectal sonography analysis using ImageJ/Fiji 1.46 software, the ratio of the area occupied by the muscle to total area of the lesion showed a 7.91% increase in the cell group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION The results of the current study show that injection of hADSCs during repair surgery for fecal incontinence may cause replacement of fibrous tissue, which acts as a mechanical support to muscle tissue with contractile function. This is a key point in treatment of fecal incontinence especially in the long term and may be a major step forward. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2016022826316N2 . Retrospectively registered 7 May 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Graham L Newstead
- Sydney Colorectal Associates, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randswick, NSW, Australia
| | - Rezvan Mirzaei
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asrin Babahajian
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahar Mahjoubi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Salehi H, Amirpour N, Niapour A, Razavi S. An Overview of Neural Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 12:26-41. [PMID: 26490462 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is wide interest in application of adult stem cells due to easy to obtain with a minimal patient discomfort, capable of producing cell numbers in large quantities and their immunocompatible properties without restriction by ethical concerns. Among these stem cells, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue are considered as an ideal source for various regenerative medicine. In spite of mesodermal origin of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), these cells have differentiation potential toward mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages. Up to now, several studies have shown that hADSCs can undergo transdifferentiation and produce cells outside of their lineage, especially into neural cells when they are transferred to a specific cell environment. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the existing state of knowledge of the differentiation potential of hADSCs, specifically their ability to give rise to neuronal cells. The following review discusses different protocols considered for differentiation of hADSCs to neural cells, the neural markers that are used in each procedure and possible mechanisms that are involved in this differentiation.
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29
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Evrova O, Hosseini V, Milleret V, Palazzolo G, Zenobi-Wong M, Sulser T, Buschmann J, Eberli D. Hybrid Randomly Electrospun Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid):Poly(ethylene oxide) (PLGA:PEO) Fibrous Scaffolds Enhancing Myoblast Differentiation and Alignment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31574-31586. [PMID: 27726370 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses are regulated by their microenvironments, and engineered synthetic scaffolds can offer control over different microenvironment properties. This important relationship can be used as a tool to manipulate cell fate and cell responses for different biomedical applications. We show for the first time in this study how blending of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibers to yield hybrid scaffolds changes the physical and mechanical properties of PLGA fibrous scaffolds and in turn affects cellular response. For this purpose we employed electrospinning to create fibrous scaffolds mimicking the basic structural properties of the native extracellular matrix. We introduced PEO to PLGA electrospun fibers by spinning a blend of PLGA:PEO polymer solutions in different ratios. PEO served as a sacrificial component within the fibers upon hydration, leading to pore formation in the fibers, fiber twisting, increased scaffold disintegration, and hydrophilicity, decreased Young's modulus, and significantly improved strain at break of initially electrospun scaffolds. We observed that the blended PLGA:PEO fibrous scaffolds supported myoblast adhesion and proliferation and resulted in increased myotube formation and self-alignment, when compared to PLGA-only scaffolds, even though the scaffolds were randomly oriented. The 50:50 PLGA:PEO blended scaffold showed the most promising results in terms of mechanical properties, myotube formation, and alignment, suggesting an optimal microenvironment for myoblast differentiation from the PLGA:PEO blends tested. The explored approach for tuning fiber properties can easily extend to other polymeric scaffolds and provides a valuable tool to engineer fibrillar microenvironments for several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Evrova
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich , Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich , Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Milleret
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich , Schmelzbergstrasse 12/PF 125, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration, ETH Zürich , Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration, ETH Zürich , Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich , Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zürich , Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich , Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Deng B, Zhang F, Chen K, Wen J, Huang H, Liu W, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. MyoD promotes porcine PPARγ gene expression through an E-box and a MyoD-binding site in the PPARγ promoter region. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:381-91. [PMID: 26944559 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor in adipogenesis and can be regulated by adipogenesis-related factors. However, little information is available regarding its regulation by myogenic factors. In this study, we found that over-expression of MyoD enhanced porcine adipocyte differentiation and up-regulated PPARγ expression, whereas small interfering RNA against MyoD significantly attenuated porcine adipocyte differentiation and inhibited PPARγ expression. The MyoD-binding sites in the PPARγ promoter region at -412 to -396 and -155 to -150 were identified by promoter deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation further showed that these two regions are MyoD-binding sites, both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that MyoD directly interacts with the porcine PPARγ promoter. Thus, our results demonstrate that an Enhancer box and a binding site for a cooperative co-activator of MyoD are present in the promoter region of porcine PPARγ; furthermore, MyoD up-regulates PPARγ expression and promotes porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Peoples Republic of China.
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Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells Differentiation from Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Future Potential for Bladder Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6979368. [PMID: 26880982 PMCID: PMC4736571 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6979368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into multiple cell lines, thus providing an alternative source of cell for tissue engineering. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) regeneration is a crucial step in tissue engineering of the urinary bladder. It is known that DPSCs have the potential to differentiate into a smooth muscle phenotype in vitro with differentiation agents. However, most of these studies are focused on the vascular SMCs. The optimal approaches to induce human DPSCs to differentiate into bladder SMCs are still under investigation. We demonstrate in this study the ability of human DPSCs to differentiate into bladder SMCs in a growth environment containing bladder SMCs-conditioned medium with the addition of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). After 14 days of exposure to this medium, the gene and protein expression of SMC-specific marker (α-SMA, desmin, and calponin) increased over time. In particular, myosin was present in differentiated cells after 11 days of induction, which indicated that the cells differentiated into the mature SMCs. These data suggested that human DPSCs could be used as an alternative and less invasive source of stem cells for smooth muscle regeneration, a technology that has applications for bladder tissue engineering.
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Cao JQ, Liang YY, Li YQ, Zhang HL, Zhu YL, Geng J, Yang LQ, Feng SW, Yang J, Kong J, Zhang C. Adipose-derived stem cells enhance myogenic differentiation in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy via paracrine signaling. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1638-1643. [PMID: 27904496 PMCID: PMC5116844 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells have been shown to promote peripheral nerve regeneration through the paracrine secretion of neurotrophic factors. However, it is unclear whether these cells can promote myogenic differentiation in muscular dystrophy. Adipose-derived stem cells (6 × 106) were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of mdx mice at various sites. Dystrophin expression was found in the muscle fibers. Phosphorylation levels of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eIF-4E binding protein 1 and S6 kinase 1 were increased, and the Akt/mTOR pathway was activated. Simultaneously, myogenin levels were increased, whereas cleaved caspase 3 and vimentin levels were decreased. Necrosis and fibrosis were reduced in the muscle fibers. These findings suggest that adipose-derived stem cells promote the regeneration and survival of muscle cells by inhibiting apoptosis and fibrosis, thereby alleviating muscle damage in muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Cao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yin Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ya-Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Qing Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shan-Wei Feng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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La Colla A, Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A. 17β-Estradiol and testosterone in sarcopenia: Role of satellite cells. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:166-77. [PMID: 26247846 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, referred to as sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are unclear, evidence suggests that an age-related acceleration of myocyte loss via apoptosis might be responsible for muscle perfomance decline. Interestingly, sarcopenia has been associated to a deficit of sex hormones which decrease upon aging. The skeletal muscle ability to repair and regenerate itself would not be possible without satellite cells, a subpopulation of cells that remain quiescent throughout life. They are activated in response to stress, enabling them to guide skeletal muscle regeneration. Thus, these cells could be a key factor to overcome sarcopenia. Of importance, satellite cells are 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) targets. In this review, we summarize potential mechanisms through which these hormones regulate satellite cells activation during skeletal muscle regeneration in the elderly. The advance in its understanding will help to the development of potential therapeutic agents to alleviate and treat sarcopenia and other related myophaties.
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Cao J, Zhang H, Chen M, Wang L, Zhang C. Long-term engraftment of myogenic progenitors from adipose-derived stem cells and muscle regeneration in dystrophic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6029-40. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are multidomain proteins that play a critical role in orchestrating stem cell differentiation, but several limitations hinder the full potential of TF-based gene regulation. Here we report a unique strategy to emulate TFs and differentiate stem cells in a nonviral approach using an artificial, nanoparticle-based transcription factor called NanoScript. The NanoScript platform consists of a gold nanoparticle functionalized with small molecules that mimic the various domains of TFs. As a result, NanoScript mimics the function and structure of TF proteins. Specifically, NanoScript was designed to regulate muscle cell differentiation by targeting myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), which play an important role in inducing myogenesis. This NanoScript-MRF is stable in physiological environments, localizes within the nucleus, induces differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into mature muscle cells in 7 days, and is naturally excreted from induced muscle cells. As such, NanoScript represents a safe and powerful tool for applications requiring gene manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahishnu Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Perry T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Abstract
Regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles resides in satellite cells, a self-renewing population of muscle cells. Several studies are investigating epigenetic mechanisms that control myogenic proliferation and differentiation to find new approaches that could boost regeneration of endogenous myogenic progenitor populations. In recent years, a lot of effort has been applied to purify, expand and manipulate adult stem cells from muscle tissue. However, this population of endogenous myogenic progenitors in adults is limited and their access is difficult and invasive. Therefore, other sources of stem cells with potential to regenerate muscles need to be examined. An excellent candidate could be a population of adult stromal cells within fat characterized by mesenchymal properties, which have been termed adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). These progenitor adult stem cells have been successfully differentiated in vitro to osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic and myogenic lineages. Autologous ASCs are multipotent and can be harvested with low morbidity; thus, they hold promise for a range of therapeutic applications. This review will summarize the use of ASCs in muscle regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia-V Forcales
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Cancer, Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Kabadi AM, Thakore PI, Vockley CM, Ousterout DG, Gibson TM, Guilak F, Reddy TE, Gersbach CA. Enhanced MyoD-induced transdifferentiation to a myogenic lineage by fusion to a potent transactivation domain. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:689-99. [PMID: 25494287 PMCID: PMC4475448 DOI: 10.1021/sb500322u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic reprogramming holds great potential for disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Genetic reprogramming of mammalian cells is typically achieved by forced expression of natural transcription factors that control master gene networks and cell lineage specification. However, in many instances, the natural transcription factors do not induce a sufficiently robust response to completely reprogram cell phenotype. In this study, we demonstrate that protein engineering of the master transcription factor MyoD can enhance the conversion of human dermal fibroblasts and adult stem cells to a skeletal myocyte phenotype. Fusion of potent transcriptional activation domains to MyoD led to increased myogenic gene expression, myofiber formation, cell fusion, and global reprogramming of the myogenic gene network. This work supports a general strategy for synthetically enhancing the direct conversion between cell types that can be applied in both synthetic biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | | | - Charles A. Gersbach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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39
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Patel S, Pongkulapa T, Yin PT, Pandian GN, Rathnam C, Bando T, Vaijayanthi T, Sugiyama H, Lee KB. Integrating epigenetic modulators into NanoScript for enhanced chondrogenesis of stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4598-601. [PMID: 25789886 PMCID: PMC5702886 DOI: 10.1021/ja511298n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-ethoxybenzamide (CTB) is a small molecule that functions by altering the chromatin architecture to modulate gene expression. We report a new CTB derivative with increased solubility and demonstrate CTB's functionality by conjugating it on the recently established NanoScript platform to enhance gene expression and induce stem cell differentiation. NanoScript is a nanoparticle-based artificial transcription factor that emulates the structure and function of transcription factor proteins (TFs) to effectively regulate endogenous gene expression. Modifying NanoScript with CTB will more closely replicate the TF structure and enhance CTB functionality and gene expression. To this end, we first conjugated CTB onto NanoScript and initiated a time-dependent increase in histone acetyltransferase activity. Next, because CTB is known to trigger the pathway involved in regulating Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenic differentiation, we modifed a Sox9-specific NanoScript with CTB to enhance chondrogenic gene activity and differentiation. Because NanoScript is a tunable and robust platform, it has potential for various gene-regulating applications, such as stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahishnu Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Perry T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Ganesh N. Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Thangavel Vaijayanthi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, United States
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Qazi TH, Mooney DJ, Pumberger M, Geissler S, Duda GN. Biomaterials based strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: existing technologies and future trends. Biomaterials 2015; 53:502-21. [PMID: 25890747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have a robust capacity to regenerate, but under compromised conditions, such as severe trauma, the loss of muscle functionality is inevitable. Research carried out in the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering has elucidated multiple intrinsic mechanisms of skeletal muscle repair, and has thus sought to identify various types of cells and bioactive factors which play an important role during regeneration. In order to maximize the potential therapeutic effects of cells and growth factors, several biomaterial based strategies have been developed and successfully implemented in animal muscle injury models. A suitable biomaterial can be utilized as a template to guide tissue reorganization, as a matrix that provides optimum micro-environmental conditions to cells, as a delivery vehicle to carry bioactive factors which can be released in a controlled manner, and as local niches to orchestrate in situ tissue regeneration. A myriad of biomaterials, varying in geometrical structure, physical form, chemical properties, and biofunctionality have been investigated for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications. In the current review, we present a detailed summary of studies where the use of biomaterials favorably influenced muscle repair. Biomaterials in the form of porous three-dimensional scaffolds, hydrogels, fibrous meshes, and patterned substrates with defined topographies, have each displayed unique benefits, and are discussed herein. Additionally, several biomaterial based approaches aimed specifically at stimulating vascularization, innervation, and inducing contractility in regenerating muscle tissues are also discussed. Finally, we outline promising future trends in the field of muscle regeneration involving a deeper understanding of the endogenous healing cascades and utilization of this knowledge for the development of multifunctional, hybrid, biomaterials which support and enable muscle regeneration under compromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor H Qazi
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
| | - David J Mooney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
| | - Matthias Pumberger
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Injuries to the musculoskeletal system are common, debilitating and expensive. In many cases, healing is imperfect, which leads to chronic impairment. Gene transfer might improve repair and regeneration at sites of injury by enabling the local, sustained and potentially regulated expression of therapeutic gene products; such products include morphogens, growth factors and anti-inflammatory agents. Proteins produced endogenously as a result of gene transfer are nascent molecules that have undergone post-translational modification. In addition, gene transfer offers particular advantages for the delivery of products with an intracellular site of action, such as transcription factors and noncoding RNAs, and proteins that need to be inserted into a cell compartment, such as a membrane. Transgenes can be delivered by viral or nonviral vectors via in vivo or ex vivo protocols using progenitor or differentiated cells. The first gene transfer clinical trials for osteoarthritis and cartilage repair have already been completed. Various bone-healing protocols are at an advanced stage of development, including studies with large animals that could lead to human trials. Other applications in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle, intervertebral disc, meniscus, ligament and tendon are in preclinical development. In addition to scientific, medical and safety considerations, clinical translation is constrained by social, financial and logistical issues.
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42
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Mesenchymal stromal cells for sphincter regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:123-36. [PMID: 25451135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as the involuntary loss of considerable amounts of urine during increased abdominal pressure (exertion, effort, sneezing, coughing, etc.), is a severe problem to the individuals affected and a significant medical, social and economic challenge. SUI is associated with pelvic floor debility, absence of detrusor contraction, or a loss of control over the sphincter muscle apparatus. The pathology includes an increasing loss of muscle cells, replacement of muscular tissue with fibrous tissue, and general aging associated processes of the sphincter complex. When current therapies fail to cure or improve SUI, application of regeneration-competent cells may be an alternative therapeutic option. Here we discuss different aspects of the biology of mesenchymal stromal cells, which are relevant to their clinical applications and for regenerating the sphincter complex. However, there are reports in favor of and against cell-based therapies. We therefore summarize the potential and the risks of cell-based therapies for the treatment of SUI.
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43
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Zhang F, Deng B, Wen J, Chen K, Liu W, Ye S, Huang H, Jiang S, Xiong Y. PPARγ and MyoD are differentially regulated by myostatin in adipose-derived stem cells and muscle satellite cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:375-80. [PMID: 25646693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family that is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and also functions in adipocyte maturation. Studies have shown that MSTN can inhibit adipogenesis in muscle satellite cells (MSCs) but not in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However, the mechanism by which MSTN differently regulates adipogenesis in these two cell types remains unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) are two key transcription factors in fat and muscle cell development that influence adipogenesis. To investigate whether MSTN differentially regulates PPARγ and MyoD, we analyzed PPARγ and MyoD expression by assessing mRNA, protein and methylation levels in ADSCs and MSCs after treatment with 100 ng/mL MSTN for 0, 24, and 48 h. PPARγ mRNA levels were downregulated after 24 h and upregulated after 48 h of treatment in ADSCs, whereas in MSCs, PPARγ levels were downregulated at both time points. MyoD expression was significantly increased in ADSCs and decreased in MSCs. PPARγ and MyoD protein levels were upregulated in ADSCs and downregulated in MSCs. The CpG methylation levels of the PPARγ and MyoD promoters were decreased in ADSCs and increased in MSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the different regulatory adipogenic roles of MSTN in ADSCs and MSCs act by differentially regulating PPARγ and MyoD expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bing Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wu Han University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Wu Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430208, PR China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Amend B, Vaegler M, Fuchs K, Mannheim JG, Will S, Kramer U, Hart ML, Feitz W, Chapple C, Stenzl A, Aicher WK. Regeneration of degenerated urinary sphincter muscles: improved stem cell-based therapies and novel imaging technologies. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2171-83. [PMID: 25608017 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a largely ousted but significant medical, social, and economic problem. Surveys suggest that nowadays approximately 10% of the male and 15% of the female population suffer from urinary incontinence at some stage in their lifetime. In women, two major etiologies contribute to SUI: degeneration of the urethral sphincter muscle controlling the closing mechanism of the bladder outflow and changes in lower pelvic organ position associated with degeneration of connective tissue or with mechanical stress, including obesity and load and tissue injury during pregnancy and delivery. In males, the reduction of the sphincter muscle function is sometimes due to surgical interventions as a consequence of prostate cancer treatment, benign prostate hyperplasia, or of neuropathical origin. Accordingly, for women and men different therapies were developed. In some cases, SUI can be treated by physical exercise, electrophysiological stimulation, and pharmacological interventions. If this fails to improve the situation, surgical interventions are required. In standard procedures, endoprostheses for mechanical support of the weakened tissue or mechanical valves for a bladder outflow control are implanted. In 20% of cases treated, repeat procedures are required as implants yield all sorts of side effects in time. Based on preclinical studies, the application of an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) such as implantation of autologous cells may be a curative and long-lasting therapy for SUI. Cellular therapy could also be an option for men suffering from incontinence caused by injury of the nerves controlling the muscular sphincter system. Here we briefly report on human progenitor cells, especially on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), their expansion and differentiation to smooth muscle or striated muscle cells in vitro, labeling of cells for in vivo imaging, concepts of improved, precise, yet gentle application of cells in muscle tissue, and monitoring of injected cells in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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Kim JA, Shon YH, Lim JO, Yoo JJ, Shin HI, Park EK. MYOD mediates skeletal myogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid stem cells and regeneration of muscle injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 4:147. [PMID: 24331373 PMCID: PMC4054934 DOI: 10.1186/scrt358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells have been shown to differentiate into multiple lineages, including myoblasts. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the myogenic differentiation of hAFS cells and their regenerative potential for muscle injury remain to be elucidated. Methods In order to induce myogenic differentiation of hAFS cells, lentiviruses for MYOD were constructed and transduced into hAFS cells. Formation of myotube-like cells was analyzed by immunocytochemistry, and expression of molecular markers for myoblasts was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. For in vivo muscle regeneration, MYOD transduced hAFS cells were injected into left tibialis anterior (TA) muscles injured with cardiotoxin, and muscle regeneration was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, immunocytochemistry and formation of neuro-muscular junction. Results MYOD expression in hAFS cells successfully induced differentiation into multinucleated myotube-like cells. Consistently, significant expression of myogenic marker genes, such as MYOG, DES, DMD and MYH, was induced by MYOD. Analysis of pre-myogenic factors showed that expression of PAX3, MEOX1 and EYA2 was significantly increased by MYOD. MYOD was phosphorylated and localized in the nucleus. These results suggest that in hAFS cells, MYOD is phosphorylated and localized in the nucleus, thus inducing expression of myogenic factors, resulting in myogenic differentiation of hAFS cells. To test regenerative potential of MYOD-transduced hAFS cells, we transplanted them into injured muscles of immunodeficient BALB/cSlc-nu mice. The results showed a substantial increase in the volume of TA muscle injected with MYOD-hAFS cells. In addition, TA muscle tissue injected with MYOD-hAFS cells has more numbers of neuro-muscular junctions compared to controls, indicating functional restoration of muscle injury by MYOD-hAFS cells. Conclusions Collectively, our data suggest that transduction of hAFS cells with MYOD lentiviruses induces skeletal myogenic differentiation in vitro and morphological and functional regeneration of injured muscle in vivo.
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Chen W, Xie M, Yang B, Bharadwaj S, Song L, Liu G, Yi S, Ye G, Atala A, Zhang Y. Skeletal myogenic differentiation of human urine-derived cells as a potential source for skeletal muscle regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:334-341. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Minkai Xie
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Shantaram Bharadwaj
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - Lujie Song
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
- Department of Urology; Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - Shanhong Yi
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
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Pasini A, Bonafè F, Govoni M, Guarnieri C, Morselli PG, Sharma HS, Caldarera CM, Muscari C, Giordano E. Epigenetic signature of early cardiac regulatory genes in native human adipose-derived stem cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:255-62. [PMID: 23625166 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are stromal mesenchymal stem cells isolated from lipoaspirates, and they display a broad potential to differentiate toward different lineages. The role of epigenetics in regulating the expression of their lineage-specific genes is under evaluation, however till date virtually nothing is known about the relative significance of cardiac-specific transcription factor genes in human ADSCs. The aim of this study was to investigate DNA promoter methylation and relevant histone modifications involving MEF-2C, GATA-4, and Nkx2.5 in native human ADSCs. CpG sites at the transcription start in their promoters were found unmethylated using methylation-specific PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed low levels of total acetylated H3 histone (acH3) and high levels of trimethylated lysine 27 in H3 histone (H3K27me3) which were associated with both GATA-4 and Nkx2.5 promoters, indicating their transcriptional repressive chromatin arrangement. On the other hand, the opposite was apparent for MEF-2C promoter. Accordingly, MEF-2C-but not GATA-4 and Nkx2.5-transcripts were evidenced in native human ADSCs. These results suggest that the chromatin arrangement of these early cardiac regulatory genes could be explored as a level of intervention to address the differentiation of human ADSCs toward the cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pasini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "S. Cavalcanti", University of Bologna, Campus of Cesena, via Venezia, 52, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
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Kar S, Parbin S, Deb M, Shilpi A, Sengupta D, Rath SK, Rakshit M, Patra A, Patra SK. Epigenetic choreography of stem cells: the DNA demethylation episode of development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1017-32. [PMID: 24114325 PMCID: PMC11113617 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic manipulator of the genomic information in eukaryotes. DNA demethylation plays a very significant role during embryonic development and stands out for its contribution in molecular reconfiguration during cellular differentiation for determining stem cell fate. DNA demethylation arbitrated extensive make-over of the genome via reprogramming in the early embryo results in stem cell plasticity followed by commitment to the principal cell lineages. This article attempts to highlight the sequential phases and hierarchical mode of DNA demethylation events during enactment of the molecular strategy for developmental transition. A comprehensive knowledge regarding the pattern of DNA demethylation during embryogenesis and organogenesis and study of the related lacunae will offer exciting avenues for future biomedical research and stem cell-based regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamsiddha Kar
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Sabnam Parbin
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Arunima Shilpi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Dipta Sengupta
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Sandip Kumar Rath
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Madhumita Rakshit
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - Aditi Patra
- Additional Block Animal Health Centre, Veterinary Office, Oodlabari, Malbazar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
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Abstract
Acute muscle belly injuries to the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (the 'hamstring' muscles) remain a common problem in the sporting population. Physiotherapy-led rehabilitation remains the mainstay of treatment, and the physician's input is often minimal. Anecdotally, many different topical, oral and injectable therapies are used around the world in an effort to accelerate the healing of these injuries and to prevent their recurrence. This article reviews the evidence available to support some of the most commonly used medical therapies and the pathophysiological basis for their use. It also presents the evidence behind some of the more promising future treatments for muscle injury, including stem cell therapy, growth factor delivery and potential novel uses of current medication not traditionally used in the musculoskeletal setting.
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Takeda S, Okada T. Cell therapeutic approaches using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for muscular dystrophy. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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