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Sussman C, Liberatore RA, Drozdz MM. Delivery of DNA-Based Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38675196 PMCID: PMC11053842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and its role in the medical field have evolved drastically in recent decades. Studies aim to define DNA-based medicine as well as encourage innovation and the further development of novel approaches. Gene therapy has been established as an alternative approach to treat a variety of diseases. Its range of mechanistic applicability is wide; gene therapy has the capacity to address the symptoms of disease, the body's ability to fight disease, and in some cases has the ability to cure disease, making it a more attractive intervention than some traditional approaches to treatment (i.e., medicine and surgery). Such versatility also suggests gene therapy has the potential to address a greater number of indications than conventional treatments. Many DNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, and several have been approved for use in humans. Whereas current treatment regimens for chronic disease often require frequent dosing, DNA-based therapies can produce robust and durable expression of therapeutic genes with fewer treatments. This benefit encourages the application of DNA-based gene therapy to manage chronic diseases, an area where improving efficiency of current treatments is urgent. Here, we provide an overview of two DNA-based gene therapies as well as their delivery methods: adeno associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy and plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene therapy. We will focus on how these therapies have already been utilized to improve treatment of chronic disease, as well as how current literature supports the expansion of these therapies to treat additional chronic indications in the future.
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Seyed N, Taheri T, Rafati S. Live attenuated-nonpathogenic Leishmania and DNA structures as promising vaccine platforms against leishmaniasis: innovations can make waves. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1326369. [PMID: 38633699 PMCID: PMC11021776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1326369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasite of Leishmania genus and is a complex disease affecting mostly tropical regions of the world. Unfortunately, despite the extensive effort made, there is no vaccine available for human use. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive understanding of the host-vector-parasite interaction is substantial for developing an effective prophylactic vaccine. Recently the role of sandfly saliva on disease progression has been uncovered which can make a substantial contribution in vaccine design. In this review we try to focus on the strategies that most probably meet the prerequisites of vaccine development (based on the current understandings) including live attenuated/non-pathogenic and subunit DNA vaccines. Innovative approaches such as reverse genetics, CRISP/R-Cas9 and antibiotic-free selection are now available to promisingly compensate for intrinsic drawbacks associated with these platforms. Our main goal is to call more attention toward the prerequisites of effective vaccine development while controlling the disease outspread is a substantial need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Seyed
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Amrofell MB, Rengarajan S, Vo ST, Ramirez Tovar ES, LoBello L, Dantas G, Moon TS. Engineering E. coli strains using antibiotic-resistance-gene-free plasmids. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100669. [PMID: 38086386 PMCID: PMC10753387 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We created a generalizable pipeline for antibiotic-resistance-gene-free plasmid (ARGFP)-based cloning using a dual auxotrophic- and essential-gene-based selection strategy. We use auxotrophic selection to construct plasmids in engineered E. coli DH10B cloning strains and both auxotrophic- and essential-gene-based selection to (1) select for recombinant strains and (2) maintain a plasmid in E. coli Nissle 1917, a common chassis for engineered probiotic applications, and E. coli MG1655, the laboratory "wild-type" E. coli strain. We show that our approach has comparable efficiency to that of antibiotic-resistance-gene-based cloning. We also show that the double-knockout Nissle and MG1655 strains are simple to transform with plasmids of interest. Notably, we show that the engineered Nissle strains are amenable to long-term plasmid maintenance in repeated culturing as well as in the mouse gut, demonstrating the potential for broad applications while minimizing the risk of antibiotic resistance spread via horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Amrofell
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sunaina Rengarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven T Vo
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Erick S Ramirez Tovar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Larissa LoBello
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tae Seok Moon
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Dang Z, Gao M, Wang L, Wu J, Guo Y, Zhu Z, Huang H, Kang G. Synthetic bacterial therapies for intestinal diseases based on quorum- sensing circuits. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108142. [PMID: 36977440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial therapy has become a key strategy against intestinal infectious diseases in recent years. Moreover, regulating the gut microbiota through traditional fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation of probiotics faces controllability, efficacy, and safety challenges. The infiltration and emergence of synthetic biology and microbiome provide an operational and safe treatment platform for live bacterial biotherapies. Synthetic bacterial therapy can artificially manipulate bacteria to produce and deliver therapeutic drug molecules. This method has the advantages of solid controllability, low toxicity, strong therapeutic effects, and easy operation. As an essential tool for dynamic regulation in synthetic biology, quorum sensing (QS) has been widely used for designing complex genetic circuits to control the behavior of bacterial populations and achieve predefined goals. Therefore, QS-based synthetic bacterial therapy might become a new direction for the treatment of diseases. The pre-programmed QS genetic circuit can achieve a controllable production of therapeutic drugs on particular ecological niches by sensing specific signals released from the digestive system in pathological conditions, thereby realizing the integration of diagnosis and treatment. Based on this as well as the modular idea of synthetic biology, QS-based synthetic bacterial therapies are divided into an environmental signal sensing module (senses gut disease physiological signals), a therapeutic molecule producing module (plays a therapeutic role against diseases), and a population behavior regulating module (QS system). This review article summarized the structure and function of these three modules and discussed the rational design of QS gene circuits as a novel intervention strategy for intestinal diseases. Moreover, the application prospects of QS-based synthetic bacterial therapy were summarized. Finally, the challenges faced by these methods were analyzed to make the targeted recommendations for developing a successful therapeutic strategy for intestinal diseases.
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Salmonella Typhimurium expressing chromosomally integrated Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B protects against schistosomiasis in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:27. [PMID: 36849453 PMCID: PMC9969381 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00599-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis threatens hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The larval stage of Schistosoma mansoni migrates through the lung and adult worms reside adjacent to the colonic mucosa. Several candidate vaccines are in preclinical development, but none is designed to elicit both systemic and mucosal responses. We have repurposed an attenuated Salmonella enterica Typhimurium strain (YS1646) to express Cathepsin B (CatB), a digestive enzyme important for the juvenile and adult stages of the S. mansoni life cycle. Previous studies have demonstrated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of our plasmid-based vaccine. Here, we have generated chromosomally integrated (CI) YS1646 strains that express CatB to produce a viable candidate vaccine for eventual human use (stability, no antibiotic resistance). 6-8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated in a multimodal oral (PO) and intramuscular (IM) regimen, and then sacrificed 3 weeks later. The PO + IM group had significantly higher anti-CatB IgG titers with greater avidity and mounted significant intestinal anti-CatB IgA responses compared to PBS control mice (all P < 0.0001). Multimodal vaccination generated balanced TH1/TH2 humoral and cellular immune responses. Production of IFNγ by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was confirmed by flow cytometry (P < 0.0001 & P < 0.01). Multimodal vaccination reduced worm burden by 80.4%, hepatic egg counts by 75.2%, and intestinal egg burden by 78.4% (all P < 0.0001). A stable and safe vaccine that has both prophylactic and therapeutic activity would be ideal for use in conjunction with praziquantel mass treatment campaigns.
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Kim SK, Kim H, Woo SG, Kim TH, Rha E, Kwon KK, Lee H, Lee SG, Lee DH. CRISPRi-based programmable logic inverter cascade for antibiotic-free selection and maintenance of multiple plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:13155-13171. [PMID: 36511859 PMCID: PMC9825151 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used for plasmid-mediated cell engineering. However, continued use of antibiotics increases the metabolic burden, horizontal gene transfer risks, and biomanufacturing costs. There are limited approaches to maintaining multiple plasmids without antibiotics. Herein, we developed an inverter cascade using CRISPRi by building a plasmid containing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) landing pad (pSLiP); this inhibited host cell growth by repressing an essential cellular gene. Anti-sgRNAs on separate plasmids restored cell growth by blocking the expression of growth-inhibitory sgRNAs in pSLiP. We maintained three plasmids in Escherichia coli with a single antibiotic selective marker. To completely avoid antibiotic use and maintain the CRISPRi-based logic inverter cascade, we created a novel d-glutamate auxotrophic E. coli. This enabled the stable maintenance of the plasmid without antibiotics, enhanced the production of the terpenoid, (-)-α-bisabolol, and generation of an antibiotic-resistance gene-free plasmid. CRISPRi is therefore widely applicable in genetic circuits and may allow for antibiotic-free biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seung Gyun Woo
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34143, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Rha
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Koang Kwon
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 42 860 4373; Fax: +82 42 860 4489;
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Dae-Hee Lee. Tel: +82 42 879 8225; Fax: +82 42 860 4489;
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Dieye Y, Nguer CM, Thiam F, Diouara AAM, Fall C. Recombinant Helicobacter pylori Vaccine Delivery Vehicle: A Promising Tool to Treat Infections and Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121701. [PMID: 36551358 PMCID: PMC9774608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health threat. Experts agree that unless proper actions are taken, the number of deaths due to AMR will increase. Many strategies are being pursued to tackle AMR, one of the most important being the development of efficient vaccines. Similar to other bacterial pathogens, AMR in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is rising worldwide. Hp infects half of the human population and its prevalence ranges from <10% in developed countries to up to 90% in low-income countries. Currently, there is no vaccine available for Hp. This review provides a brief summary of the use of antibiotic-based treatment for Hp infection and its related AMR problems together with a brief description of the status of vaccine development for Hp. It is mainly dedicated to genetic tools and strategies that can be used to develop an oral recombinant Hp vaccine delivery platform that is (i) completely attenuated, (ii) can survive, synthesize in situ and deliver antigens, DNA vaccines, and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells at the gastric mucosa, and (iii) possibly activate desired compartments of the gut-associated mucosal immune system. Recombinant Hp vaccine delivery vehicles can be used for therapeutic or prophylactic vaccination for Hp and other microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakhya Dieye
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
- Pôle de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +221-784-578-766
| | - Cheikh Momar Nguer
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Fatou Thiam
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5085, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Fall
- Pôle de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
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Kang CW, Lim HG, Won J, Cha S, Shin G, Yang JS, Sung J, Jung GY. Circuit-guided population acclimation of a synthetic microbial consortium for improved biochemical production. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6506. [PMID: 36344561 PMCID: PMC9640620 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial consortia have been considered potential platforms for bioprocessing applications. However, the complexity in process control owing to the use of multiple strains necessitates the use of an efficient population control strategy. Herein, we report circuit-guided synthetic acclimation as a strategy to improve biochemical production by a microbial consortium. We designed a consortium comprising alginate-utilizing Vibrio sp. dhg and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)-producing Escherichia coli strains for the direct conversion of alginate to 3-HP. We introduced a genetic circuit, named "Population guider", in the E. coli strain, which degrades ampicillin only when 3-HP is produced. In the presence of ampicillin as a selection pressure, the consortium was successfully acclimated for increased 3-HP production by 4.3-fold compared to that by a simple co-culturing consortium during a 48-h fermentation. We believe this concept is a useful strategy for the development of robust consortium-based bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Won Kang
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Won
- grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghak Cha
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Giyoung Shin
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- grid.423637.70000 0004 1763 5862Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193 Spain
| | - Jaeyoung Sung
- grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Creative Research Initiative Center for Chemical Dynamics in Living Cells, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Korea
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Jardou M, Brossier C, Guiyedi K, Faucher Q, Lawson R. Pharmacological hypothesis: A recombinant probiotic for taming bacterial β-glucuronidase in drug-induced enteropathy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00998. [PMID: 36082825 PMCID: PMC9460963 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in pharmacomicrobiomics have shed light on the pathophysiology of drug‐induced enteropathy associated with the therapeutic use of certain non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, anticancer chemotherapies and immunosuppressants. The toxicity pathway results from the post‐glucuronidation release and digestive accumulation of an aglycone generated in the context of intestinal dysbiosis characterized by the expansion of β‐glucuronidase‐expressing bacteria. The active aglycone could trigger direct or indirect inflammatory signaling on the gut epithelium. Therefore, taming bacterial β‐glucuronidase (GUS) activity is a druggable target for preventing drug‐induced enteropathy. In face of the limitations of antibiotic strategies that can worsen intestinal dysbiosis and impair immune functions, we hereby propose the use of a recombinant probiotic capable of mimicking repressive conditions of GUS through an inducible plasmid vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jardou
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Clarisse Brossier
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Kenza Guiyedi
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Quentin Faucher
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
| | - Roland Lawson
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
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Treatment of skin tumors with intratumoral interleukin 12 gene electrotransfer in the head and neck region: a first-in-human clinical trial protocol. Radiol Oncol 2022; 56:398-408. [PMID: 35535423 PMCID: PMC9400442 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune therapies are currently under intensive investigation providing in many cases excellent responses in different tumors. Other possible approach for immunotherapy is a targeted intratumoral delivery of interleukin 12 (IL-12), a cytokine with anti-tumor effectiveness. Due to its immunomodulatory action, it can be used as an imunostimulating component to in situ vaccinating effect of local ablative therapies. We have developed a phIL12 plasmid devoid of antibiotic resistance marker with a transgene for human IL-12 p70 protein. The plasmid can be delivered intratumorally by gene electrotransfer (GET). PATIENTS AND METHODS Here we present a first-in-human clinical trial protocol for phIL12 GET (ISRCTN15479959, ClinicalTrials NCT05077033). The study is aimed at evaluating the safety and tolerability of phIL12 GET in treatment of basal cell carcinomas in patients with operable tumors in the head and neck region. The study is designed as an exploratory, dose escalating study with the aim to determine the safety and tolerability of the treatment and to identify the dose of plasmid phIL12 that is safe and elicits its biological activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trail protocol will therefore provide the basis for the use of phIL12 GET as an adjuvant treatment to local ablative therapies, to potentially increase their local and elicit a systemic response.
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Sathesh-Prabu C, Tiwari R, Lee SK. Substrate-inducible and antibiotic-free high-level 4-hydroxyvaleric acid production in engineered Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:960907. [PMID: 36017349 PMCID: PMC9398171 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.960907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a levulinic acid (LA)-inducible and antibiotic-free plasmid system mediated by HpdR/PhpdH and infA-complementation to produce 4-hydroxyvaleric acid (4-HV) from LA in an engineered Escherichia coli strain. The system was efficiently induced by the addition of the LA substrate and resulted in tight dose-dependent control and fine-tuning of gene expression. By engineering the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of hpdR mRNA, the gene expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) increased by at least two-fold under the hpdH promoter. Furthermore, by evaluating the robustness and plasmid stability of the proposed system, the engineered strain, IRV750f, expressing the engineered 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3HBDH∗) and formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH), produced 82 g/L of 4-HV from LA, with a productivity of 3.4 g/L/h and molar conversion of 92% in the fed-batch cultivation (5 L fermenter) without the addition of antibiotics or external inducers. Overall, the reported system was highly beneficial for the large-scale and cost-effective microbial production of value-added products and bulk chemicals from the renewable substrate, LA.
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Sun M, Gao AX, Ledesma-Amaro R, Li A, Wang R, Nie J, Zheng P, Yang Y, Bai Z, Liu X. Hypersecretion of OmlA antigen in Corynebacterium glutamicum through high-throughput based development process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2953-2967. [PMID: 35435456 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane lipoprotein A (OmlA) is a vaccine antigen against porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), a disease severely affecting the swine industry. Here, we aimed to systematically potentiate the secretory production of OmlA in Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum), a widely used microorganism in the food industry, by establishing a holistic development process based on our high-throughput culture platform. The expression patterns, expression element combinations, medium composition, and induction conditions were comprehensively screened or optimized in microwell plates (MWPs), followed by fermentation parameter optimization in a 4 × 1 L parallel fermentation system (CUBER4). An unprecedented yield of 1.01 g/L OmlA was ultimately achieved in a 5-L bioreactor following the scaling-up strategy of fixed oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa), and the produced OmlA antigen showed well-protective immunity against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge. This result provides a rapid and reliable pipeline to achieve the hyper-production of OmlA, and possibly other recombinant vaccines, in C. glutamicum. KEY POINTS: • Established a holistic development process and applied it to potentiate the secretion of OmlA. • The secretion of OmlA reached an unprecedented yield of 1.01 g/L. • The recombinant OmlA antigen induced efficient protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - An Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Rongbin Wang
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jianqi Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pei Zheng
- Tecon Biology CO.Ltd, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214112, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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13
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Salerno P, Leckenby MW, Humphrey B, Cranenburgh RM. Xer Recombination for the Automatic Deletion of Selectable Marker Genes From Plasmids in Enteric Bacteria. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2022; 7:ysac005. [PMID: 35601876 PMCID: PMC9113270 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes are widely used to select bacteria transformed with plasmids and to prevent plasmid loss from cultures, yet antibiotics represent contaminants in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing process, and retaining antibiotic resistance genes in vaccines and biological therapies is discouraged by regulatory agencies. To overcome these limitations, we have developed X-mark™, a novel technology that leverages Xer recombination to generate selectable marker gene-free plasmids for downstream therapeutic applications. Using this technique, X-mark plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes flanked by XerC/D target sites are generated in Escherichia coli cytosol aminopeptidase (E. coli pepA) mutants, which are deficient in Xer recombination on plasmids, and subsequently transformed into enteric bacteria with a functional Xer system. This results in rapid deletion of the resistance gene at high resolution (100%) and stable replication of resolved plasmids for more than 40 generations in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure. This technology is effective in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica bacteria due to the high degree of homology between accessory sequences, including strains that have been developed as oral vaccines for clinical use. X-mark effectively eliminates any regulatory and safety concerns around antibiotic resistance carryover in biopharmaceutical products, such as vaccines and therapeutic proteins.
Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Salerno
- London Bioscience Innovation Centre, Prokarium Ltd, London, UK
| | - Matthew W Leckenby
- Cobra Biologics Ltd, Stephenson Building, Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Bruce Humphrey
- London Bioscience Innovation Centre, Prokarium Ltd, London, UK
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14
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Maintenance and gene electrotransfer efficiency of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids encoding mouse, canine and human interleukin-12 orthologues. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08879. [PMID: 35265755 PMCID: PMC8899673 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a cytokine used as a therapeutic molecule in cancer immunotherapy. Gene electrotransfer mediated delivery of IL-12 gene has reached clinical evaluation in the USA using a plasmid that in addition to IL-12 gene also carry an antibiotic resistance gene needed for its production in bacteria. In Europe however, European Medicines Agency recommends against the use of antibiotics during the production of clinical grade plasmids. We have prepared several antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids using an antibiotic-free selection strategy called operator-repressor titration, including plasmids encoding mouse, canine and human IL-12 orthologues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maintenance of these plasmids in bacterial culture and test their transfection efficiency using gene electrotransfer. Plasmid maintenance was evaluated by determining plasmid yields and topologies after subculturing transformed bacteria. Transfection efficiency was evaluated by determining the plasmid copy number, expression and cytotoxicity after gene electrotransfer to mouse, canine and human melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that our IL-12 plasmids without an antibiotic resistance gene are stably maintained in bacteria and provide sufficient IL-12 expression after in vitro gene electrotransfer; therefore, they have the potential to proceed to further in vivo evaluation studies.
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15
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PCR-Based Analytical Methods for Quantification and Quality Control of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Preparations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010023. [PMID: 35056080 PMCID: PMC8779925 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) represent a gene therapy tool of ever-increasing importance. Their utilization as a delivery vehicle for gene replacement, silencing and editing, among other purposes, demonstrate considerable versatility. Emerging vector utilization in various experimental, preclinical and clinical applications establishes the necessity of producing and characterizing a wide variety of rAAV preparations. Critically important characteristics concerning quality control are rAAV titer quantification and the detection of impurities. Differences in rAAV constructs necessitate the development of highly standardized quantification assays to make direct comparisons of different preparations in terms of assembly or purification efficiency, as well as experimental or therapeutic dosages. The development of universal methods for impurities quantification is rather complicated, since variable production platforms are utilized for rAAV assembly. However, general agreements also should be achieved to address this issue. The majority of methods for rAAV quantification and quality control are based on PCR techniques. Despite the progress made, increasing evidence concerning high variability in titration assays indicates poor standardization of the methods undertaken to date. This review summarizes successes in the field of rAAV quality control and emphasizes ongoing challenges in PCR applications for rAAV characterization. General considerations regarding possible solutions are also provided.
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16
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Kos S, Bosnjak M, Jesenko T, Markelc B, Kamensek U, Znidar K, Matkovic U, Rencelj A, Sersa G, Hudej R, Tuljak A, Peterka M, Cemazar M. Non-Clinical In Vitro Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Gene-Free Plasmids Encoding Human or Murine IL-12 Intended for First-in-Human Clinical Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101739. [PMID: 34684032 PMCID: PMC8539770 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a key cytokine that mediates antitumor activity of immune cells. To fulfill its clinical potential, the development is focused on localized delivery systems, such as gene electrotransfer, which can provide localized delivery of IL-12 to the tumor microenvironment. Gene electrotransfer of the plasmid encoding human IL-12 is already in clinical trials in USA, demonstrating positive results in the treatment of melanoma patients. To comply with EU regulatory requirements for clinical application, which recommend the use of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids, we constructed and developed the production process for the clinical grade quality antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmid encoding human IL-12 (p21-hIL-12-ORT) and its ortholog encoding murine IL-12 (p21-mIL-12-ORT). To demonstrate the suitability of the p21-hIL-12-ORT or p21-mIL-12-ORT plasmid for the first-in-human clinical trial, the biological activity of the expressed transgene, its level of expression and plasmid copy number were determined in vitro in the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line FaDu and the murine colon carcinoma cell line CT26. The results of the non-clinical evaluation in vitro set the basis for further in vivo testing and evaluation of antitumor activity of therapeutic molecules in murine models as well as provide crucial data for further clinical trials of the constructed antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmid in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spela Kos
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerceva ulica 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Znidar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Urska Matkovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrej Rencelj
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rosana Hudej
- Center Odličnosti za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo in Procesno Kontrolo, Mirce 21, SI-5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Aneja Tuljak
- Center Odličnosti za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo in Procesno Kontrolo, Mirce 21, SI-5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Matjaz Peterka
- Center Odličnosti za Biosenzoriko, Instrumentacijo in Procesno Kontrolo, Mirce 21, SI-5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia; (R.H.); (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.B.); (T.J.); (B.M.); (U.K.); (K.Z.); (U.M.); (A.R.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-5879-544
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17
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Vermeire G, De Smidt E, Geukens N, Williams JA, Declerck P, Hollevoet K. Improved Potency and Safety of DNA-Encoded Antibody Therapeutics Through Plasmid Backbone and Expression Cassette Engineering. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1200-1209. [PMID: 34482757 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded delivery of antibodies presents a labor- and cost-effective alternative to conventional antibody therapeutics. This study aims to improve the potency and safety of this approach by evaluating various plasmid backbones and expression cassettes. In vitro, antibody levels consistently improved with decreasing sizes of backbone, ranging from conventional to minimal. In vivo, following intramuscular electrotransfer in mice, the correlation was less consistent. While the largest conventional plasmid (10.2 kb) gave the lowest monoclonal antibody (mAb) levels, a regular conventional plasmid (8.6 kb) demonstrated similar levels as a minimal Nanoplasmid (6.8 kb). A reduction in size beyond a standard conventional backbone thus did not improve mAb levels in vivo. Cassette modifications, such as swapping antibody chain order or use of two versus a single encoding plasmid, significantly increased antibody expression in vitro, but failed to translate in vivo. Conversely, a significant improvement in vivo but not in vitro was found with a set of muscle-specific promoters, of which a newly engineered variant gave roughly 1.5- to 2-fold higher plasma antibody concentrations than the ubiquitous CAG promoter. In conclusion, despite the limited translation between in vitro and in vivo, we identified various clinically relevant improvements to our DNA-based antibody platform, both in potency and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien De Smidt
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Miyamoto Y, Tsukamoto Y, Maeda Y, Tamura T, Mukai T, Ato M, Makino M. Production of antibiotic resistance gene-free urease-deficient recombinant BCG that secretes antigenic protein applicable for practical use in tuberculosis vaccination. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 129:102105. [PMID: 34186276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been the only practical vaccine for tuberculosis. However, BCG cannot fully prevent adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, the improvement of BCG vaccine is necessary. We previously produced recombinant (r) BCG (BCG-PEST) for the better control of tuberculosis. BCG-PEST was developed by introducing PEST-Heat Shock Protein (HSP)70-Major Membrane Protein (MMP)-II-PEST fusion gene into urease-deficient rBCG using antibiotic-resistant gene for the selection of rBCG. HSP70-MMPII fusion protein is highly immunogenic and PEST sequence was added to enhance processing of the fusion protein. Although BCG-PEST effectively inhibited intrapulmonary growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), BCG with antibiotic-resistant gene is not appropriate for human use. Therefore, we produced antibiotic-resistant gene-free rBCG. We generated leucine-biosynthetic gene (leuD)-deficient BCG and introduced the fusion gene with leuD as the selection marker and named this rBCG as BCG-LeuPH. BCG-LeuPH activated human naïve T cells of both CD4 and CD8 subsets and efficiently inhibited aerosol-challenged MTB in mice. These results indicate that leuD can replace antibiotic-resistant gene for the selection of vaccine candidates of rBCG for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan.
| | - Yumi Maeda
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tamura
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Tetsu Mukai
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masahiko Makino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
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19
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Yang Y, Sun Q, Liu Y, Yin H, Yang W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Pang S, Liu W, Zhang Q, Yuan F, Qiu S, Li J, Wang X, Fan K, Wang W, Li Z, Yin S. Development of a pyrF-based counterselectable system for targeted gene deletion in Streptomyces rimosus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:383-396. [PMID: 33973420 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces produces many valuable and important biomolecules with clinical and pharmaceutical applications. The development of simple and highly efficient gene editing tools for genetic modification of Streptomyces is highly desirable. In this study, we developed a screening system for targeted gene knockout using a uracil auxotrophic host (ΔpyrF) resistant to the highly toxic uracil analog of 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) converted by PyrF, and a non-replicative vector pKC1132-pyrF carrying the complemented pyrF gene coding for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase. The pyrF gene acts as a positive selection and counterselection marker for recombinants during genetic modifications. Single-crossover homologous integration mutants were selected on minimal medium without uracil by reintroducing pyrF along with pKC1132-pyrF into the genome of the mutant ΔpyrF at the targeted locus. Double-crossover recombinants were generated, from which the pyrF gene, plasmid backbone, and targeted gene were excised through homologous recombination exchange. These recombinants were rapidly screened by the counterselection agent, 5-FOA. We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of using this pyrF-based screening system through deleting the otcR gene, which encodes the cluster-situated regulator that directly activates oxytetracycline biosynthesis in Streptomyces rimosus M4018. This system provides a new genetic tool for investigating the genetic characteristics of Streptomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Hanzhi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yuxian Li
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Shen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shiwen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 051430, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 051430, China
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shouliang Yin
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China. ,
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20
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Savarin M, Kamensek U, Znidar K, Todorovic V, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Evaluation of a Novel Plasmid for Simultaneous Gene Electrotransfer-Mediated Silencing of CD105 and CD146 in Combination with Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063069. [PMID: 33802812 PMCID: PMC8002395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor vasculature through specific endothelial cell markers represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here our aim was to construct an antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmid encoding shRNAs to simultaneously target two endothelial cell markers, CD105 and CD146, and to test its functionality and therapeutic potential in vitro when delivered by gene electrotransfer (GET) and combined with irradiation (IR). Functionality of the plasmid was evaluated by determining the silencing of the targeted genes using qRT-PCR. Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects were determined by the cytotoxicity assay tube formation assay and wound healing assay in murine endothelial cells 2H-11. The functionality of the plasmid construct was also evaluated in malignant melanoma tumor cell line B16F10. Additionally, potential activation of immune response was measured by induction of DNA sensor STING and proinflammatory cytokines by qRT-PCR in endothelial cells 2H-11. We demonstrated that the plasmid construction was successful and can efficiently silence the expression of the two targeted genes. As a consequence of silencing, reduced migration rate and angiogenic potential was confirmed in 2H-11 endothelial cells. Furthermore, induction of DNA sensor STING and proinflammatory cytokines were determined, which could add to the therapeutic effectiveness when used in vivo. To conclude, we successfully constructed a novel plasmid DNA with two shRNAs, which holds a great promise for further in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Savarin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.K.); (K.Z.); (V.T.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.K.); (K.Z.); (V.T.); (G.S.)
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Znidar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.K.); (K.Z.); (V.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Vesna Todorovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.K.); (K.Z.); (V.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.K.); (K.Z.); (V.T.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.K.); (K.Z.); (V.T.); (G.S.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.C.)
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21
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McGillick J, Ames JR, Murphy T, Bourne CR. A YoeB toxin cleaves both RNA and DNA. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3592. [PMID: 33574407 PMCID: PMC7878887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II toxin-antitoxin systems contain a toxin protein, which mediates diverse interactions within the bacterial cell when it is not bound by its cognate antitoxin protein. These toxins provide a rich source of evolutionarily-conserved tertiary folds that mediate diverse catalytic reactions. These properties make toxins of interest in biotechnology applications, and studies of the catalytic mechanisms continue to provide surprises. In the current work, our studies on a YoeB family toxin from Agrobacterium tumefaciens have revealed a conserved ribosome-independent non-specific nuclease activity. We have quantified the RNA and DNA cleavage activity, revealing they have essentially equivalent dose-dependence while differing in requirements for divalent cations and pH sensitivity. The DNA cleavage activity is as a nickase for any topology of double-stranded DNA, as well as cleaving single-stranded DNA. AtYoeB is able to bind to double-stranded DNA with mid-micromolar affinity. Comparison of the ribosome-dependent and -independent reactions demonstrates an approximate tenfold efficiency imparted by the ribosome. This demonstrates YoeB toxins can act as non-specific nucleases, cleaving both RNA and DNA, in the absence of being bound within the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia McGillick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,GENEiQ, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica R Ames
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Tamiko Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina R Bourne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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22
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Shemer B, Shpigel E, Hazan C, Kabessa Y, Agranat AJ, Belkin S. Detection of buried explosives with immobilized bacterial bioreporters. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:251-261. [PMID: 33095504 PMCID: PMC7888469 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The unchecked dispersal of antipersonnel landmines since the late 19th century has resulted in large areas contaminated with these explosive devices, creating a substantial worldwide humanitarian safety risk. The main obstacle to safe and effective landmine removal is the identification of their exact location, an activity that currently requires entry of personnel into the minefields; to date, there is no commercialized technology for an efficient stand-off detection of buried landmines. In this article, we describe the optimization of a microbial sensor strain, genetically engineered for the remote detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoloune (TNT)-based mines. This bioreporter, designed to bioluminescence in response to minute concentrations of either TNT or 2,4-dinitotoluene (DNT), was immobilized in hydrogel beads and optimized for dispersion over the minefield. Following modifications of the hydrogel matrix in which the sensor bacteria are encapsulated, as well as their genetic reporting elements, these sensor bacteria sensitively detected buried 2,4-dinitrotoluene in laboratory experiments. Encapsulated in 1.5 mm 2% alginate beads containing 1% polyacrylic acid, they also detected the location of a real metallic antipersonnel landmine under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the detection of a buried landmine with a luminescent microbial bioreporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shemer
- Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Etai Shpigel
- Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Carina Hazan
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yossef Kabessa
- The Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Aharon J. Agranat
- The Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shimshon Belkin
- Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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23
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Chen-Fei L, Chou-Min C, Jiun-Yan L. Feasibility of vaccination against Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus infection in giant freshwater prawn. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:431-438. [PMID: 32580003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The giant freshwater prawn/giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one of the high market value crustaceans cultured worldwide. The intensified aquaculture of the species has led to the outbreak of infectious diseases, prominently, the white tail disease (WTD). It is caused by the infection of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV), which was classified in the family of Nodaviridae. To-date, there are no effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents available against MrNV infection. Vaccination is known to be the most effective prophylactic agent in disease prevention. However, vaccine development against virus infection in crustaceans is equivocal. The feasibility of vaccination in conferring immune protection in crustaceans against infectious diseases is disputable. The argument lies in the fact that crustaceans do not possess adaptive immunity, which is the main immune component that functions to establish immunological memory upon vaccination. Nevertheless, an increasing number of literatures has been documented, which concerns the development of vaccines against infectious diseases in crustaceans. The current review deliberates different approaches in vaccine development against MrNV, which were documented in the past years. It is noteworthy that the live-attenuated MrNV vaccine has not been experimented by far. Thus, the potential of live-attenuated MrNV vaccine in conferring long-term immune protection through the establishment of innate immune memory is currently being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Low Chen-Fei
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chong Chou-Min
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Loh Jiun-Yan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Zhang Y, Sun X, Wang Q, Xu J, Dong F, Yang S, Yang J, Zhang Z, Qian Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tao R, Jiang Y, Yang J, Yang S. Multicopy Chromosomal Integration Using CRISPR-Associated Transposases. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1998-2008. [PMID: 32551502 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the copy number of gene expression cassettes is an important strategy to engineer bacterial cells into high-efficiency biocatalysts. Current strategies mostly use plasmid vectors, but multicopy plasmids are often genetically unstable, and their copy numbers cannot be precisely controlled. The integration of expression cassettes into a bacterial chromosome has advantages, but iterative integration is laborious, and it is challenging to obtain a library with varied gene doses for phenotype characterization. Here, we demonstrated that multicopy chromosomal integration using CRISPR-associated transposases (MUCICAT) can be achieved by designing a crRNA to target multicopy loci or a crRNA array to target multiple loci in the Escherichia coli genome. Within 5 days without selection pressure, E. coli strains carrying cargos with successively increasing copy numbers (up to 10) were obtained. Recombinant MUCICAT E. coli containing genomic multicopy glucose dehydrogenase expression cassettes showed 2.6-fold increased expression of this important industrial enzyme compared to E. coli harboring the conventional protein-expressing plasmid pET24a. Successful extension of MUCICAT to Tatumella citrea further demonstrated that MUCICAT may be generally applied to many bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingzhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongsheng Tao
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Taoyusheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou 313000, China
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25
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Nawaz W, Xu S, Li Y, Huang B, Wu X, Wu Z. Nanotechnology and immunoengineering: How nanotechnology can boost CAR-T therapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:21-36. [PMID: 32294554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy against hematological cancers and has been approved by FDA for treatment of B-cell tumors. However, the complex manufacturing process and limited success in solid tumors hamper its widespread applications, thus prompting the development of new strategies for overcoming the abovementioned hurdles. In the last decade, nanotechnology has provided sustainable strategies for improving cancer immunotherapy through vaccine development and delivery of immunomodulatory drugs. Nanotechnology can boost CAR-T therapy and may overcome the existing challenges by emerging as a carrier for CAR-T therapy or in combination with CAR-T, it may inhibit solid tumors more effectively than conventional approaches. The revealing of cellular mechanisms, barriers and potential strategies that could be used to manipulate and/or modify cells would enable unprecedented advances in nanotechnology for biologics delivery. This review outlines the journey and barriers of nanoparticles (NPs) across the cell. Subsequently, the approaches to tackle the barriers and strategies to modulate NPs as a carrier for CAR-T therapy are discussed. Finally, the role of NPs in CAR-T therapy and the potential challenges are summarized. This review aims to provide the readers with a detailed overview of NP-based CAR-T therapy research and distil this information into an accessible form conducive to design desired CAR-T therapy using NP approach. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most vibrant field in immuno-oncology today, with enormous benefits to patients with B-cell malignancies. However, a rapid and straightforward procedure for CAR-T generation is an exigent need to broaden its therapeutic avenue. Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel alternative approach for CAR-T generation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth review that briefly highlights the various aspects of nanotechnology in CAR-T therapy, including the strategies to brand NPs as an effective carrier for CAR cargo, its potential advantages, challenges, and future roadmap. It provides readers with a detailed overview of NP-based CAR-T therapy research, and researchers would be able to distill this information into an accessible form conducive to design the desired CAR therapy using the nanotechnology approach.
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26
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Mordukhova EA, Pan JG. Construction of a Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli shuttle vector harboring the fabL gene as a triclosan selection marker. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03891. [PMID: 32426536 PMCID: PMC7226672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new plasmid containing a mutated fabL gene from Bacillus subtilis as a triclosan selection marker was developed as a useful B. subtilis/E. coli shuttle vector. The pHT-FabL40 plasmid is stable in both gram-positive and gram-negative hosts with increased plasmid DNA yield in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Mordukhova
- GenoFocus Ltd., 65 Techno 1-ro, Gwanpyeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34014, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Pan
- GenoFocus Ltd., 65 Techno 1-ro, Gwanpyeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34014, South Korea.,Superbacteria Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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27
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CAR T Cell Generation by piggyBac Transposition from Linear Doggybone DNA Vectors Requires Transposon DNA-Flanking Regions. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:359-368. [PMID: 32071928 PMCID: PMC7016334 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19) T cells, generated using viral vectors, are an efficacious but costly treatment for B cell malignancies. The nonviral piggyBac transposon system provides a simple and inexpensive alternative for CAR19 T cell production. Until now, piggyBac has been plasmid based, facilitating economical vector amplification in bacteria. However, amplified plasmids have several undesirable qualities for clinical translation, including bacterial genetic elements, antibiotic-resistance genes, and the requirement for purification to remove endotoxin. Doggybones (dbDNA) are linear, covalently closed, minimal DNA vectors that can be inexpensively produced enzymatically in vitro at large scale. Importantly, they lack the undesirable features of plasmids. We used dbDNA incorporating piggyBac to generate CAR19 T cells. Initially, expression of functional transposase was evident, but stable CAR expression did not occur. After excluding other causes, additional random DNA flanking the transposon within the dbDNA was introduced, promoting stable CAR expression comparable to that of using plasmid components. Our findings demonstrate that dbDNA incorporating piggyBac can be used to generate CAR T cells and indicate that there is a requirement for DNA flanking the piggyBac transposon to enable effective transposition. dbDNA may further reduce the cost and improve the safety of CAR T cell production with transposon systems.
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28
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Grijalva-Hernández F, Vega-Estrada J, Escobar-Rosales M, Ortega-López J, Aguilar-López R, Lara AR, Montes-Horcasitas MDC. High Kanamycin Concentration as Another Stress Factor Additional to Temperature to Increase pDNA Production in E. coli DH5α Batch and Fed-Batch Cultures. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E711. [PMID: 31861108 PMCID: PMC6955755 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines require high supercoiled-pDNA doses (milligrams) to achieve an adequate immune response. Therefore, processes development to obtain high pDNA yields and productivity is crucial. pDNA production is affected by several factors including culture type, medium composition, and growth conditions. We evaluated the effect of kanamycin concentration and temperature on pDNA production, overflow metabolism (organic acids) and metabolic burden (neomycin phosphotransferase II) in batch and fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli DH5α-pVAX1-NH36. Results indicated that high kanamycin concentration increases the volumetric productivity, volumetric and specific yields of pDNA when batch cultures were carried out at 42 °C, and overflow metabolism reduced but metabolic burden increased. Micrographs taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were analyzed, showing important morphological changes. The high kanamycin concentration (300 mg/L) was evaluated in high cell density culture (50 gDCW/L), which was reached using a fed-batch culture with temperature increase by controlling heating and growth rates. The pDNA volumetric yield and productivity were 759 mg/L and 31.19 mg/L/h, respectively, two-fold greater than the control with a kanamycin concentration of 50 mg/L. A stress-based process simultaneously caused by temperature and high kanamycin concentration can be successfully applied to increase pDNA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Grijalva-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Jesús Vega-Estrada
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Montserrat Escobar-Rosales
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Jaime Ortega-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Ricardo Aguilar-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
| | - Alvaro R. Lara
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Santa Fe, México City 05348, Mexico;
| | - Ma. del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico; (F.G.-H.); (J.V.-E.); (M.E.-R.); (J.O.-L.); (R.A.-L.)
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29
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Hollevoet K, De Vleeschauwer S, De Smidt E, Vermeire G, Geukens N, Declerck P. Bridging the Clinical Gap for DNA-Based Antibody Therapy Through Translational Studies in Sheep. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1431-1443. [PMID: 31382777 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical translation of DNA-based administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is uncertain due to lack of large animal data. To bridge the clinical gap, we evaluated a panel of novel plasmid DNA (pDNA)-encoded mAbs in 40-70 kg sheep with a clinical intramuscular electroporation protocol. Injection of 4.8 mg of pDNA, encoding ovine anti-human CEA mAb (OVAC), led to peak plasma mAb titers of 300 ng/mL. OVAC remained detectable for 3 months and was boosted by a second pOVAC administration. Hyaluronidase muscle pretreatment increased OVAC concentrations up to 10-fold. These higher plasma titers, however, led to anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) toward the OVAC variable regions, resulting in loss of mAb detection and of adequate redosing. Transient immune suppression avoided ADA formation, with OVAC peaking at 3.5 μg/mL and remaining detectable for 11 months after pOVAC injection. DNA-based delivery of ovine anti-human EGFR mAb (OVAE), identical to OVAC except for the variable regions, preceded by hyaluronidase, allowed for at least three consecutive administrations in an immune-competent sheep, without ADA response. When tripling the pOVAE dose to 15 mg, transient ADAs of limited impact were observed; plasma OVAE peaked at 2.6 μg/mL and was detected up to 7 months. DNA-based anti-HER2 trastuzumab in sheep gave no detectable mAb concentrations despite previous validation in mice, highlighting the limitations of relying on small-rodent data only. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential and caveats of clinical DNA-based antibody therapy, can expedite preclinical and clinical development, and benefit the field of gene transfer as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Elien De Smidt
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giles Vermeire
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, the KU Leuven Antibody Center, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Efficient episomal gene transfer to human hepatic cells using the pFAR4–S/MAR vector. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3203-3211. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Baishya S, Kangsa Banik S, Das Talukdar A, Anbarasu A, Bhattacharjee A, Dutta Choudhury M. Full title: Identification of potential drug targets against carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains using in silico gene network analysis. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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32
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Yano H, Shintani M, Tomita M, Suzuki H, Oshima T. Reconsidering plasmid maintenance factors for computational plasmid design. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:70-81. [PMID: 30619542 PMCID: PMC6312765 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are genetic parasites of microorganisms. The genomes of naturally occurring plasmids are expected to be polished via natural selection to achieve long-term persistence in the microbial cell population. However, plasmid genomes are extremely diverse, and the rules governing plasmid genomes are not fully understood. Therefore, computationally designing plasmid genomes optimized for model and nonmodel organisms remains challenging. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the plasmid genome organization and the factors that can affect plasmid persistence, with the aim of constructing synthetic plasmids for use in gram-negative bacteria. Then, we introduce publicly available resources, plasmid data, and bioinformatics tools that are useful for computational plasmid design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masaki Shintani
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 14-1, Baba-cho, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0035, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322, Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Haruo Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 14-1, Baba-cho, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0035, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322, Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Taku Oshima
- Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180, Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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33
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Kang CW, Lim HG, Yang J, Noh MH, Seo SW, Jung GY. Synthetic auxotrophs for stable and tunable maintenance of plasmid copy number. Metab Eng 2018; 48:121-128. [PMID: 29864582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although plasmid-based expression systems have advantages in multi-copy expression of genes, heterogeneity of plasmid copy number (PCN) in individual cells is inevitable even with the addition of antibiotics. Here, we developed a synthetic auxotrophic system for stable and tunable maintenance of the PCN in Escherichia coli without addition of antibiotics. This auxotroph expresses infA, one of the essential genes encoding a translation initiation factor, on a plasmid instead of on the chromosome. With this system, the gene expression was stably maintained for 40 generations with minimized cell-to-cell variation under antibiotic-free conditions. Moreover, varying the expression level of infA enabled us to rationally tune the PCN by more than 5.6-fold. This antibiotic-free PCN control system significantly improved the production of itaconic acid and lycopene compared to the conventional system based on antibiotics (2-fold). Collectively, the developed strategy could be a platform for the production of value-added products in antibiotic-free cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Won Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Lampreht Tratar U, Kos S, Kamensek U, Ota M, Tozon N, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Antitumor effect of antibiotic resistance gene-free plasmids encoding interleukin-12 in canine melanoma model. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:260-273. [PMID: 29593358 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrotransfer of interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been demonstrated as an efficient and safe treatment for tumors in veterinary oncology. However, the plasmids used encode human or feline IL-12 and harbor the gene for antibiotic resistance. Therefore, our aim was to construct plasmids encoding canine IL-12 without the antibiotic resistance genes driven by two different promoters: constitutive and fibroblast-specific. The results obtained in vitro in different cell lines showed that following gene electrotransfer, the newly constructed plasmids had cytotoxicity and expression profiles comparable to plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, in vivo studies showed a statistically significant prolonged tumor growth delay of CMeC-1 tumors compared to control vehicle-treated mice after intratumoral gene electrotransfer. Besides the higher gene expression obtained by plasmids with constitutive promoters, the main difference between both plasmids was in the distribution of the transgene expression. Namely, after gene electrotransfer, plasmids with constitutive promoters showed an increase of serum IL-12, whereas the gene expression of IL-12, encoded by plasmids with fibroblast-specific promoters, was restricted to the tumor. Furthermore, after the gene electrotransfer of plasmids with constitutive promoters, granzyme B-positive cells were detected in the tumor and spleen, indicating a systemic effect of the therapy. Therefore, plasmids with different promoters present valuable tools for focused therapy with local or systemic effects. The results of the present study demonstrated that plasmids encoding canine IL-12 under constitutive and fibroblast-specific promoters without the gene for antibiotic resistance provide feasible tools for controlled gene delivery that could be used for the treatment of client-owned dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Spela Kos
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ota
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Clinic for Surgery and Small Animals, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Cesta v mestni log 47, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, 6310, Slovenia.
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Yurina V. Live Bacterial Vectors-A Promising DNA Vaccine Delivery System. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E27. [PMID: 29570602 PMCID: PMC6024733 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most successful immunology applications that has considerably improved human health. The DNA vaccine is a new vaccine being developed since the early 1990s. Although the DNA vaccine is promising, no human DNA vaccine has been approved to date. The main problem facing DNA vaccine efficacy is the lack of a DNA vaccine delivery system. Several studies explored this limitation. One of the best DNA vaccine delivery systems uses a live bacterial vector as the carrier. The live bacterial vector induces a robust immune response due to its natural characteristics that are recognized by the immune system. Moreover, the route of administration used by the live bacterial vector is through the mucosal route that beneficially induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses. The mucosal route is not invasive, making the vaccine easy to administer, increasing the patient's acceptance. Lactic acid bacterium is one of the most promising bacteria used as a live bacterial vector. However, some other attenuated pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., have been used as DNA vaccine carriers. Numerous studies showed that live bacterial vectors are a promising candidate to deliver DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Yurina
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java 65145, Malang, Indonesia.
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Kamensek U, Tesic N, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Clinically Usable Interleukin 12 Plasmid without an Antibiotic Resistance Gene: Functionality and Toxicity Study in Murine Melanoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030060. [PMID: 29495490 PMCID: PMC5876635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids, which are currently used in interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene electrotransfer (GET) clinical trials in the USA, contain antibiotic resistance genes and are thus, according to the safety recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), not suitable for clinical trials in the EU. In the current study, our aim was to prepare an IL-12 plasmid without an antibiotic resistance gene and test its functionality and toxicity after GET in a preclinical B16F10 mouse melanoma model. The antibiotic resistance-free plasmid encoding the human IL-12 fusion gene linked to the p21 promoter, i.e., p21-hIL-12-ORT, was constructed using operator-repressor titration (ORT) technology. Next, the expression profile of the plasmid after GET was determined in B16F10 cells and tumors. Additionally, blood chemistry, hematological and histological changes, and antitumor response were evaluated after GET of the plasmid in melanoma tumors. The results demonstrated a good expression and safety profile of the p21-hIL-12-ORT GET and indications of efficacy. We hope that the obtained results will help to accelerate the transfer of this promising treatment from preclinical studies to clinical application in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Natasa Tesic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Isola, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Isola, Slovenia.
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The Antibiotic-free pFAR4 Vector Paired with the Sleeping Beauty Transposon System Mediates Efficient Transgene Delivery in Human Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 11:57-67. [PMID: 29858090 PMCID: PMC5852330 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anti-angiogenic and neurogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) demonstrated a potency to control choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. The goal of the present study was the development of an efficient and safe technique to integrate, ex vivo, the PEDF gene into retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells for later transplantation to the subretinal space of AMD patients to allow continuous PEDF secretion in the vicinity of the affected macula. Because successful gene therapy approaches require efficient gene delivery and stable gene expression, we used the antibiotic-free pFAR4 mini-plasmid vector to deliver the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system, which mediates transgene integration into the genome of host cells. In an initial study, lipofection-mediated co-transfection of HeLa cells with the SB100X transposase gene and a reporter marker delivered by pFAR4 showed a 2-fold higher level of genetically modified cells than when using the pT2 vectors. Similarly, with the pFAR4 constructs, electroporation-mediated transfection of primary human RPE cells led to 2.4-fold higher secretion of recombinant PEDF protein, which was still maintained 8 months after transfection. Thus, our results show that the pFAR4 plasmid is a superior vector for the delivery and integration of transgenes into eukaryotic cells.
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Sevillano L, Díaz M, Santamaría RI. Development of an antibiotic marker-free platform for heterologous protein production in Streptomyces. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:164. [PMID: 28950904 PMCID: PMC5615484 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The industrial use of enzymes produced by microorganisms is continuously growing due to the need for sustainable solutions. Nevertheless, many of the plasmids used for recombinant production of proteins in bacteria are based on the use of antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers. The safety concerns and legal requirements surrounding the increased use of antibiotic resistance genes have made the development of new antibiotic-free approaches essential. RESULTS In this work, a system completely free of antibiotic resistance genes and useful for the production of high yields of proteins in Streptomyces is described. This system is based on the separation of the two components of the yefM/yoeBsl (antitoxin/toxin) operon; the toxin (yoeBsl) gene, responsible for host death, is integrated into the genome and the antitoxin gene (yefMsl), which inactivates the toxin, is located in the expression plasmid. To develop this system, the toxin gene was integrated into the genome of a strain lacking the complete operon, and the antibiotic resistance gene integrated along with the toxin was eliminated by Cre recombinase to generate a final host strain free of any antibiotic resistance marker. In the same way, the antibiotic resistance gene from the final expression plasmid was removed by Dre recombinase. The usefulness of this system was analysed by checking the production of two hydrolases from different Streptomyces. Production of both proteins, with potential industrial use, was high and stable over time after strain storage and after serial subcultures. These results support the robustness and stability of the positive selection system developed. CONCLUSIONS The total absence of antibiotic resistance genes makes this system a powerful tool for using Streptomyces as a host to produce proteins at the industrial level. This work is the first Streptomyces antibiotic marker-free system to be described. Graphical abstract Antibiotic marker-free platform for protein expression in Streptomyces. The antitoxin gene present in the expression plasmid counteracts the effect of the toxin gene in the genome. In absence of the expression plasmid, the toxin causes cell death ensuring that only plasmid-containing cells persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sevillano
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González no 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Margarita Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González no 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ramón I Santamaría
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Salamanca, C/Zacarías González no 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Hollevoet K, Declerck PJ. State of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer. J Transl Med 2017; 15:131. [PMID: 28592330 PMCID: PMC5463339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of today's most successful therapeutic classes in inflammatory diseases and oncology. A wider accessibility and implementation, however, is hampered by the high product cost and prolonged need for frequent administration. The surge in more effective mAb combination therapies further adds to the costs and risk of toxicity. To address these issues, antibody gene transfer seeks to administer to patients the mAb-encoding nucleotide sequence, rather than the mAb protein. This allows the body to produce its own medicine in a cost- and labor-effective manner, for a prolonged period of time. Expressed mAbs can be secreted systemically or locally, depending on the production site. The current review outlines the state of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer, thereby highlighting recent innovations, opportunities and remaining hurdles. Different expression platforms and a multitude of administration sites have been pursued. Viral vector-mediated mAb expression thereby made the most significant strides. Therapeutic proof of concept has been demonstrated in mice and non-human primates, and intramuscular vectored mAb therapy is under clinical evaluation. However, viral vectors face limitations, particularly in terms of immunogenicity. In recent years, naked DNA has gained ground as an alternative. Attained serum mAb titers in mice, however, remain far below those obtained with viral vectors, and robust pharmacokinetic data in larger animals is limited. The broad translatability of DNA-based antibody therapy remains uncertain, despite ongoing evaluation in patients. RNA presents another emerging platform for antibody gene transfer. Early reports in mice show that mRNA may be able to rival with viral vectors in terms of generated serum mAb titers, although expression appears more short-lived. Overall, substantial progress has been made in the clinical translation of antibody gene transfer. While challenges persist, clinical prospects are amplified by ongoing innovations and the versatility of antibody gene transfer. Clinical introduction can be expedited by selecting the platform approach currently best suited for the mAb or disease of interest. Innovations in expression platform, administration and antibody technology are expected to further improve overall safety and efficacy, and unlock the vast clinical potential of antibody gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Carvalho RDDO, do Carmo FLR, de Oliveira Junior A, Langella P, Chatel JM, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Azevedo V, de Azevedo MS. Use of Wild Type or Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Alternative Treatment for Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases: A Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Mucositis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:800. [PMID: 28536562 PMCID: PMC5422521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is highly colonized by bacterial communities, which live in a symbiotic relationship with the host in normal conditions. It has been shown that a dysfunctional interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the host immune system, known as dysbiosis, is a very important factor responsible for the development of different inflammatory conditions of the GIT, such as the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a complex and multifactorial disorder of the GIT. Dysbiosis has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of other GIT inflammatory diseases such as mucositis usually caused as an adverse effect of chemotherapy. As both diseases have become a great clinical problem, many research groups have been focusing on developing new strategies for the treatment of IBD and mucositis. In this review, we show that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been capable in preventing and treating both disorders in animal models, suggesting they may be ready for clinical trials. In addition, we present the most current studies on the use of wild type or genetically engineered LAB strains designed to express anti-inflammatory proteins as a promising strategy in the treatment of IBD and mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fillipe L R do Carmo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Instituto de Ciências BiológicasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Instituto de Ciências BiológicasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela S de Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais - Instituto de Ciências BiológicasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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Fierros-Romero G, Wrosek-Cabrera JA, Gómez-Ramírez M, Pless RC, Rivas-Castillo AM, Rojas-Avelizapa NG. Expression Changes in Metal-Resistance Genes in Microbacterium liquefaciens Under Nickel and Vanadium Exposure. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:840-847. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Minicircle Mediated Gene Delivery to Canine and Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040819. [PMID: 28417917 PMCID: PMC5412403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-directed tissue repair offers the clinician, human or veterinary, the chance to enhance cartilage regeneration and repair at a molecular level. Non-viral plasmid vectors have key biosafety advantages over viral vector systems for regenerative therapies due to their episomal integration however, conventional non-viral vectors can suffer from low transfection efficiency. Our objective was to identify and validate in vitro a novel non-viral gene expression vector that could be utilized for ex vivo and in vivo delivery to stromal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Minicircle plasmid DNA vector containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated and transfected into adipose-derived MSCs from three species: canine, equine and rodent and transfection efficiency was determined. Both canine and rat cells showed transfection efficiencies of approximately 40% using minicircle vectors with equine cells exhibiting lower transfection efficiency. A Sox9-expressing minicircle vector was generated and transfected into canine MSCs. Successful transfection of the minicircle-Sox9 vector was confirmed in canine cells by Sox9 immunostaining. This study demonstrate the application and efficacy of a novel non-viral expression vector in canine and equine MSCs. Minicircle vectors have potential use in gene-directed regenerative therapies in non-rodent animal models for treatment of cartilage injury and repair.
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Hardee CL, Arévalo-Soliz LM, Hornstein BD, Zechiedrich L. Advances in Non-Viral DNA Vectors for Gene Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E65. [PMID: 28208635 PMCID: PMC5333054 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uses of viral vectors have thus far eclipsed uses of non-viral vectors for gene therapy delivery in the clinic. Viral vectors, however, have certain issues involving genome integration, the inability to be delivered repeatedly, and possible host rejection. Fortunately, development of non-viral DNA vectors has progressed steadily, especially in plasmid vector length reduction, now allowing these tools to fill in specifically where viral or other non-viral vectors may not be the best options. In this review, we examine the improvements made to non-viral DNA gene therapy vectors, highlight opportunities for their further development, address therapeutic needs for which their use is the logical choice, and discuss their future expansion into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon L. Hardee
- Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lirio Milenka Arévalo-Soliz
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hornstein
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lynn Zechiedrich
- Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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44
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Kamensek U, Tesic N, Sersa G, Kos S, Cemazar M. Tailor-made fibroblast-specific and antibiotic-free interleukin 12 plasmid for gene electrotransfer-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Plasmid 2017; 89:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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45
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Antibiotic free selection for the high level biosynthesis of a silk-elastin-like protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39329. [PMID: 27982135 PMCID: PMC5159808 DOI: 10.1038/srep39329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) are a family of genetically engineered recombinant protein polymers exhibiting mechanical and biological properties suited for a wide range of applications in the biomedicine and materials fields. They are being explored as the next generation of biomaterials but low productivities and use of antibiotics during production undermine their economic viability and safety. We have developed an industrially relevant, scalable, fed-batch process for the high level production of a novel SELP in E. coli in which the commonly used antibiotic selection marker of the expression vector is exchanged for a post segregational suicide system, the separate-component-stabilisation system (SCS). SCS significantly augments SELP productivity but also enhances the product safety profile and reduces process costs by eliminating the use of antibiotics. Plasmid content increased following induction but no significant differences in plasmid levels were discerned when using SCS or the antibiotic selection markers under the controlled fed-batch conditions employed. It is suggested that the absence of competing plasmid-free cells improves host cell viability and enables increased productivity with SCS. With the process developed, 12.8 g L−1 purified SELP was obtained, this is the highest SELP productivity reported to date and clearly demonstrates the commercial viability of these promising polymers.
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46
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Wu X, Liu G, Mu M, Peng Y, Li X, Deng L, Zhang Z, Chen M, You S, Kong X. Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Gene Therapy Using a Novel Minicircle DNA Vector Alleviates Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:880-891. [PMID: 27136973 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Institute of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao Mu
- Institute of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Institute of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisi Deng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song You
- Institute of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangping Kong
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Centre of Infectious Diseases, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Fierros-Romero G, Gómez-Ramírez M, Arenas-Isaac GE, Pless RC, Rojas-Avelizapa NG. Identification of Bacillus megaterium and Microbacterium liquefaciens genes involved in metal resistance and metal removal. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:505-13. [PMID: 27210016 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium MNSH1-9K-1 and Microbacterium liquefaciens MNSH2-PHGII-2, 2 nickel- and vanadium-resistant bacteria from mine tailings located in Guanajuato, Mexico, are shown to have the ability to remove 33.1% and 17.8% of Ni, respectively, and 50.8% and 14.0% of V, respectively, from spent petrochemical catalysts containing 428 ± 30 mg·kg(-1) Ni and 2165 ± 77 mg·kg(-1) V. In these strains, several Ni resistance determinants were detected by conventional PCR. The nccA (nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance) was found for the first time in B. megaterium. In M. liquefaciens, the above gene as well as the czcD gene (cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance) and a high-affinity nickel transporter were detected for the first time. This study characterizes the resistance of M. liquefaciens and B. megaterium to Ni through the expression of genes conferring metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Fierros-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
| | - Marlenne Gómez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
| | - Ginesa E Arenas-Isaac
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
| | - Reynaldo C Pless
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
| | - Norma G Rojas-Avelizapa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, Cerro Blanco 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
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Abstract
DNA plasmids can be used to induce a protective (or therapeutic) immune response by delivering genes encoding vaccine antigens. That naked DNA (without the refinement of coat proteins or host evasion systems) can cross from outside the cell into the nucleus and be expressed is particularly remarkable given the sophistication of the immune system in preventing infection by pathogens. As a result of the ease, low cost, and speed of custom gene synthesis, DNA vaccines dangle a tantalizing prospect of the next wave of vaccine technology, promising individual designer vaccines for cancer or mass vaccines with a rapid response time to emerging pandemics. There is considerable enthusiasm for the use of DNA vaccination as an approach, but this enthusiasm should be tempered by the successive failures in clinical trials to induce a potent immune response. The technology is evolving with the development of improved delivery systems that increase expression levels, particularly electroporation and the incorporation of genetically encoded adjuvants. This review will introduce some key concepts in the use of DNA plasmids as vaccines, including how the DNA enters the cell and is expressed, how it induces an immune response, and a summary of clinical trials with DNA vaccines. The review also explores the advances being made in vector design, delivery, formulation, and adjuvants to try to realize the promise of this technology for new vaccines. If the immunogenicity and expression barriers can be cracked, then DNA vaccines may offer a step change in mass vaccination.
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Chaudhari A, Pathakota GB, Annam PK. Design and Construction of Shrimp Antiviral DNA Vaccines Expressing Long and Short Hairpins for Protection by RNA Interference. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:225-240. [PMID: 27076302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines present the aquaculture industry with an effective and economically viable method of controlling viral pathogens that drastically affect productivity. Since specific immune response is rudimentary in invertebrates, the presence of RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in shrimps provides a promising new approach to vaccination. Plasmid DNA vaccines that express short or long double stranded RNA in vivo have shown protection against viral diseases. The design, construction and considerations for preparing such vaccines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Chaudhari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Gireesh-Babu Pathakota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Pavan-Kumar Annam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Lambricht L, Lopes A, Kos S, Sersa G, Préat V, Vandermeulen G. Clinical potential of electroporation for gene therapy and DNA vaccine delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:295-310. [PMID: 26578324 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electroporation allows efficient delivery of DNA into cells and tissues, thereby improving the expression of therapeutic or immunogenic proteins that are encoded by plasmid DNA. This simple and versatile method holds a great potential and could address unmet medical needs such as the prevention or treatment of many cancers or infectious diseases. AREAS COVERED This review explores the electroporation mechanism and the parameters affecting its efficacy. An analysis of past and current clinical trials focused on DNA electroporation is presented. The pathologies addressed, the protocol used, the treatment outcome and the tolerability are highlighted. In addition, several of the possible optimization strategies for improving patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy are discussed such as plasmid design, use of genetic adjuvants for DNA vaccines, choice of appropriate delivery site and electrodes as well as pulse parameters. EXPERT OPINION The growing number of clinical trials and the results already available underline the strong potential of DNA electroporation which combines both safety and efficiency. Nevertheless, it remains critical to further increase fundamental knowledge to refine future strategies, to develop concerted and common DNA electroporation protocols and to continue exploring new electroporation-based therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Lambricht
- a Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Alessandra Lopes
- a Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Spela Kos
- b Institute of Oncology Ljubljana , Department of Experimental Oncology , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- b Institute of Oncology Ljubljana , Department of Experimental Oncology , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Véronique Préat
- a Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- a Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials , Brussels , Belgium
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