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Sayour EJ, Boczkowski D, Mitchell DA, Nair SK. Cancer mRNA vaccines: clinical advances and future opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:489-500. [PMID: 38760500 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been revolutionary in terms of their rapid development and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this technology has considerable potential for application to the treatment of cancer. Compared with traditional cancer vaccines based on proteins or peptides, mRNA vaccines reconcile the needs for both personalization and commercialization in a manner that is unique to each patient but not beholden to their HLA haplotype. A further advantage of mRNA vaccines is the availability of engineering strategies to improve their stability while retaining immunogenicity, enabling the induction of complementary innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus far, no mRNA-based cancer vaccines have received regulatory approval, although several phase I-II trials have yielded promising results, including in historically poorly immunogenic tumours. Furthermore, many early phase trials testing a wide range of vaccine designs are currently ongoing. In this Review, we describe the advantages of cancer mRNA vaccines and advances in clinical trials using both cell-based and nanoparticle-based delivery methods, with discussions of future combinations and iterations that might optimize the activity of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias J Sayour
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumour Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Boczkowski
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumour Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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2
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Shi X, Sun K, Li L, Xian J, Wang P, Jia F, Xu F. Oncolytic Activity of Sindbis Virus with the Help of GM-CSF in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7195. [PMID: 39000311 PMCID: PMC11241666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a refractory tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. Many oncolytic viruses are currently being investigated for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on previous studies, we constructed a recombinant GM-CSF-carrying Sindbis virus, named SINV-GM-CSF, which contains a mutation (G to S) at amino acid 285 in the nsp1 protein of the viral vector. The potential of this mutated vector for liver cancer therapy was verified at the cellular level and in vivo, respectively, and the changes in the tumor microenvironment after treatment were also described. The results showed that the Sindbis virus could effectively infect hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and induce cell death. Furthermore, the addition of GM-CSF enhanced the tumor-killing effect of the Sindbis virus and increased the number of immune cells in the intra-tumor microenvironment during the treatment. In particular, SINV-GM-CSF was able to efficiently kill tumors in a mouse tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the elevation of M1-type macrophages (which have a tumor-resistant ability) and the decrease in M2-type macrophages (which have a tumor-promoting capacity). Overall, SINV-GM-CSF is an attractive vector platform with clinical potential for use as a safe and effective oncolytic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kangyixin Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingwen Xian
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fan Jia
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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3
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Kim IW, Yoon AR, Hong J, Kasala D, Yun CO. Synergistic antitumor immune response mediated by paclitaxel-conjugated nanohybrid oncolytic adenovirus with dendritic cell therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355566. [PMID: 38835775 PMCID: PMC11148213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy due to low toxicity. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DC as a monotherapy is insufficient due to highly immunosuppressive tumor environment. To address these limitations of DC as immunotherapeutic agent, we have developed a polymeric nanocomplex incorporating (1) oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) co-expressing interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and (2) arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer with PEGylated paclitaxel (APP) to restore antitumor immune surveillance function in tumor milieu and potentiate immunostimulatory attributes of DC vaccine. Nanohybrid complex (oAd/APP) in combination with DC (oAd/APP+DC) induced superior expression level of antitumor cytokines (IL-12, GM-CSF, and interferon gamma) than either oAd/APP or DC monotherapy in tumor tissues, thus resulting in superior intratumoral infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous DCs. Furthermore, oAd/APP+DC treatment led superior migration of DC to secondary lymphoid organs, such as draining lymph nodes and spleen, in comparison with either monotherapy. Superior migration profile of DCs in oAd/APP+DC treatment group resulted in more prolific activation of tumor-specific T cells in these lymphoid organs and greater intratumoral infiltration of T cells. Additionally, oAd/APP+DC treatment led to lower subset of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and splenocytes being immunosuppressive regulatory T cells than any other treatment groups. Collectively, oAd/APP+DC led to superior induction of antitumor immune response and amelioration of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to elicit potent tumor growth inhibition than either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Wook Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shirazi MMA, Saedi TA, Moghaddam ZS, Nemati M, Shiri R, Negahdari B, Goradel NH. Nanotechnology and nano-sized tools: Newer approaches to circumvent oncolytic adenovirus limitations. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108611. [PMID: 38387653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds), engineered Ads preferentially infect and lyse tumor cells, have attracted remarkable attention as immunotherapy weapons for the treatment of various malignancies. Despite hopeful successes in preclinical investigations and translation into clinical phases, they face some challenges that thwart their therapeutic effectiveness, including low infectivity of cancer cells, liver sequestration, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies, physical barriers to the spread of Ads, and immunosuppressive TME. Nanotechnology and nano-sized tools provide several advantages to overcome these limitations of OAds. Nano-sized tools could improve the therapeutic efficacy of OAds by enhancing infectivity and cellular uptake, targeting and protecting from pre-existing immune responses, masking and preventing liver tropism, and co-delivery with other therapeutic agents. Herein, we reviewed the constructs of various OAds and their application in clinical trials, as well as the limitations they have faced. Furthermore, we emphasized the potential applications of nanotechnology to solve the constraints of OAds to improve their anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayebeh Azam Saedi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Zahra Samadi Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nemati
- Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Shiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran; Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Centre, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Pampeno C, Opp S, Hurtado A, Meruelo D. Sindbis Virus Vaccine Platform: A Promising Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Approach for Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2925. [PMID: 38474178 PMCID: PMC10932354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of a novel Sindbis virus vaccine platform as potential immunotherapy for ovarian cancer patients. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies. The majority of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Current treatment options are very aggressive and limited, resulting in tumor recurrences and 50-60% patient mortality within 5 years. The unique properties of armed oncolytic Sindbis virus vectors (SV) in vivo have garnered significant interest in recent years to potently target and treat ovarian cancer. We discuss the molecular biology of Sindbis virus, its mechanisms of action against ovarian cancer cells, preclinical in vivo studies, and future perspectives. The potential of Sindbis virus-based therapies for ovarian cancer treatment holds great promise and warrants further investigation. Investigations using other oncolytic viruses in preclinical studies and clinical trials are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pampeno
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Alicia Hurtado
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Meruelo
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Basirjafar P, Zandvakili R, Masoumi J, Zainodini N, Taghipour Z, Khorramdelazad H, Yousefi S, Tavakoli T, Vatanparast M, Safdel S, Gheitasi M, Ayoobi F, Naseri B, Jafarzadeh A. Leptin/lipopolysaccharide-treated dendritic cell vaccine improved cellular immune responses in an animal model of breast cancer. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:73-85. [PMID: 37647347 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2253989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In dendritic cells (DCs), leptin as an immune-regulating hormone, increases the IL-12 generation whereas it reduces the IL-10 production, thus contributing to TH1 cell differentiation. Using a murine model of breast cancer (BC), we evaluated the impacts of the Leptin and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DC vaccine on various T-cell-related immunological markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumors were established in mice by subcutaneously injecting 7 × 105 4T1 cells into the right flank. Mice received the DC vaccines pretreated with Leptin, LPS, and both Leptin/LPS, on days 12 and 19 following tumor induction. The animals were sacrificed on day 26 and after that the frequency of the splenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and TH1 cells; interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 12 (IL-12) and tumor growth factor beta (TGF-β) generation by tumor lysate-stimulated spleen cells, and the mRNA expression of T-bet, FOXP3 and Granzyme B in the tumors were measured with flow cytometry, ELISA and real-time PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS Leptin/LPS-treated mDC group was more efficient in blunting tumor growth (p = .0002), increasing survival rate (p = .001), and preventing metastasis in comparison with the untreated tumor-bearing mice (UT-control). In comparison to the UT-control group, treatment with Leptin/LPS-treated mDC also significantly increased the splenic frequencies of CTLs (p < .001) and TH1 cells (p < .01); promoted the production of IFN-γ (p < .0001) and IL-12 (p < .001) by splenocytes; enhanced the T-bet (p < .05) and Granzyme B (p < .001) expression, whereas decreased the TGF-β and FOXP3 expression (p < .05). CONCLUSION Compared to the Leptin-treated mDC and LPS-treated mDC vaccines, the Leptin/LPS-treated mDC vaccine was more effective in inhibiting BC development and boosting immune responses against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Basirjafar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immuology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghipour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Soheila Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Tavakoli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Vatanparast
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sepehr Safdel
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Gheitasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Subtirelu RC, Teichner EM, Ashok A, Parikh C, Talasila S, Matache IM, Alnemri AG, Anderson V, Shahid O, Mannam S, Lee A, Werner T, Revheim ME, Alavi A. Advancements in dendritic cell vaccination: enhancing efficacy and optimizing combinatorial strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1271822. [PMID: 38020665 PMCID: PMC10644823 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1271822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly invasive, malignant primary brain tumors. The overall prognosis is poor, and management of GBMs remains a formidable challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies such as dendritic cell vaccinations (DCVs). While many early clinical trials demonstrate an induction of an antitumoral immune response, outcomes are mixed and dependent on numerous factors that vary between trials. Optimization of DCVs is essential; the selection of GBM-specific antigens and the utilization of 18F-fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) may add significant value and ultimately improve outcomes for patients undergoing treatment for glioblastoma. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of DCV, assesses previous clinical trials, and discusses future strategies for the integration of DCV into glioblastoma treatment protocols. To conclude, the review discusses challenges associated with the use of DCVs and highlights the potential of integrating DCV with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Subtirelu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric M. Teichner
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Arjun Ashok
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chitra Parikh
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sahithi Talasila
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irina-Mihaela Matache
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ahab G. Alnemri
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria Anderson
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Osmaan Shahid
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sricharvi Mannam
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ding J, Zheng Y, Zhu F, Wang M, Fang L, Li H, Tian H, Liu Y, Wang G, Zheng J, Chai D. Adenovirus-assembled DC vaccine induces dual-targeting CTLs for tumor antigen and adenovirus to eradicate tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110722. [PMID: 37573687 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) vaccine is a promising cancerimmunotherapy strategy, but its efficacy in treating the solid tumor is limited. To overcome this limitation, an oncolytic adenovirus (OAV-IL-12) was developed to enhance antigen targeting ability of adenovirus-assembled DC vaccine (DCs-CD137L/CAIX) for renal carcinoma treatment. Peritumoral administration of OAV-IL-12 increased the number of tumor-infiltrating DCs and their subsets (CD8+DCs and CD103+DCs). Combining OAV-IL-12 with DCs-CD137L/CAIX significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors by inducing potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effect and improving the immune infiltration in tumor lesions. Interestingly, this treatment also reduced tumor growth distal to the OAV-IL-12 injecting side via eliciting a systemic CTL response. Furthermore, OAV-IL-12 potentiated DCs-CD137L/CAIX treatment induced dual CTL responses against both CAIX and adenovirus antigens. The therapeutic benefits of this treatment approach mainly relied on multifunctional CD8+T cell immune responses, as indicated by the depletion assay. Moreover, OAV-IL-12 potentiated DCs-CD137L/CAIX treatment generated a long-lasting protective effect against tumors by inducing memory CD8+T cell immune responses. These results suggest that the effective tumor targeting of the adenovirus-based DC vaccine, boosted by OAV-IL-12, is a promising treatment approach for renal carcinoma and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiage Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China; Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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Gryciuk A, Rogalska M, Baran J, Kuryk L, Staniszewska M. Oncolytic Adenoviruses Armed with Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071947. [PMID: 37046608 PMCID: PMC10093006 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical trials, adenovirus vectors (AdVs) are commonly used platforms for human gene delivery therapy. High genome capacity and flexibility in gene organization make HAdVs suitable for cloning. Recent advancements in molecular techniques have influenced the development of genetically engineered adenovirus vectors showing therapeutic potential. Increased molecular understanding of the benefits and limitations of HAdVs in preclinical research and clinical studies is a crucial point in the engineering of refined oncolytic vectors. This review presents HAdV species (A-G) used in oncotherapy. We describe the adenovirus genome organizations and modifications, the possibilities oncolytic viruses offer, and their current limitations. Ongoing and ended clinical trials based on oncolytic adenoviruses are presented. This review provides a broad overview of the current knowledge of oncolytic therapy. HAdV-based strategies targeting tumors by employing variable immune modifiers or delivering immune stimulatory factors are of great promise in the field of immune oncologyy This approach can change the face of the fight against cancer, supplying the medical tools to defeat tumors more selectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Gryciuk
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rogalska
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health NIH-NRI, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
- Valo Therapeutics, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Ghasemi M, Abbasi L, Ghanbari Naeini L, Kokabian P, Nameh Goshay Fard N, Givtaj N. Dendritic cells and natural killer cells: The road to a successful oncolytic virotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:950079. [PMID: 36703982 PMCID: PMC9871831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Every type of cancer tissue is theoretically more vulnerable to viral infection. This natural proclivity has been harnessed as a new anti-cancer therapy by employing oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively infect and destroy cancer cells while providing little or no harm with no toxicity to the host. Whereas the primary oncolytic capabilities of OVs initially sparked the greatest concern, the predominant focus of research is on the association between OVs and the host immune system. Numerous OVs are potent causal agents of class I MHC pathway-related chemicals, enabling early tumor/viral immune recognition and cytokine-mediated response. The modified OVs have been studied for their ability to bind to dendritic cells (DCs) by expressing growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and defensins inside the viral genome. OVs, like reovirus, can directly infect DCs, causing them to release chemokines and cytokines that attract and excite natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, OVs can directly alter cancer cells' sensitivity to NK by altering the expression levels of NK cell activators and inhibitors on cancerous cells. Therefore, NK cells and DCs in modulating the therapeutic response should be considered when developing and improving future OV-based therapeutics, whether modified to express transgenes or used in combination with other drugs/immunotherapies. Concerning the close relationship between NK cells and DCs in the potential of OVs to kill tumor cells, we explore how DCs and NK cells in tumor microenvironment affect oncolytic virotherapy and summarize additional information about the interaction mentioned above in detail in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ghasemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Laleh Abbasi
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Pajman Kokabian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nozar Givtaj
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Nozar Givtaj,
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11
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Opp S, Hurtado A, Pampeno C, Lin Z, Meruelo D. Potent and Targeted Sindbis Virus Platform for Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2022; 12:77. [PMID: 36611875 PMCID: PMC9818975 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory has been developing a Sindbis viral (SV) vector platform for treatments of ovarian and other types of cancers. In this study we show that SV.IL-12 combined with an agonistic OX40 antibody can eliminate ovarian cancer in a Mouse Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cell Line (MOSEC) model and further prevent tumors in mice rechallenged with tumor cells after approximately 5 months. Treatment efficacy is shown to be dependent upon T-cells that are transcriptionally and metabolically reprogramed. An influx of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment occurs. Combination of sequences encoding both IL-12 and anti-OX40 into a single SV vector, SV.IgGOX40.IL-12, facilitates the local delivery of immunoregulatory agents to tumors enhancing the anti-tumor response. We promote SV.IgGOX40.IL-12 as a safe and effective therapy for multiple types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Meruelo
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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12
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Yun CO, Hong J, Yoon AR. Current clinical landscape of oncolytic viruses as novel cancer immunotherapeutic and recent preclinical advancements. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953410. [PMID: 36091031 PMCID: PMC9458317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been gaining attention in the pharmaceutical industry as a novel immunotherapeutic and therapeutic adjuvant due to their ability to induce and boost antitumor immunity through multiple mechanisms. First, intrinsic mechanisms of OVs that enable exploitation of the host immune system (e.g., evading immune detection) can nullify the immune escape mechanism of tumors. Second, many types of OVs have been shown to cause direct lysis of tumor cells, resulting in an induction of tumor-specific T cell response mediated by release of tumor-associated antigens and danger signal molecules. Third, armed OV-expressing immune stimulatory therapeutic genes could be highly expressed in tumor tissues to further improve antitumor immunity. Last, these OVs can inflame cold tumors and their microenvironment to be more immunologically favorable for other immunotherapeutics. Due to these unique characteristics, OVs have been tested as an adjuvant of choice in a variety of therapeutics. In light of these promising attributes of OVs in the immune-oncology field, the present review will examine OVs in clinical development and discuss various strategies that are being explored in preclinical stages for the next generation of OVs that are optimized for immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: A-Rum Yoon,
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13
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Petricevic B, Kabiljo J, Zirnbauer R, Walczak H, Laengle J, Bergmann M. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Gastrointestinal Cancers - The New Standard of Care? Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:834-850. [PMID: 35671877 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) offers novel treatment possibilities for solid cancers, with the crucial benefit of providing higher cure rates. These agents have become part of standard treatments in the metastatic and adjuvant setting for select cancers, such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or urological malignancies. Currently, there is ample clinical interest in employing ICI in a neoadjuvant setting with a curative intent. This approach is especially supported by the scientific rationale that ICI primarily stimulate the host immune system to eradicate tumor cells, rather than being inherently cytotoxic. Aside from tumor downstaging, neoadjuvant immunotherapy offers the potential of an in situ cancer vaccination, leading to a systemic adjuvant immunological effect after tumor resection. Moreover, preclinical data clearly demonstrate a synergistic effect of ICI with radiotherapy (RT), chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or chemotherapy (ChT). This review harmonizes preclinical concepts with real world data (RWD) in the field of neoadjuvant ICI in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and discusses their limitations. We believe this is a crucial approach, since up to now, neoadjuvant strategies have been primarily developed by clinicians, whereas the advances in immunotherapy primarily originate from preclinical research. Currently there is limited published data on neoadjuvant ICI in GI cancers, even though neoadjuvant treatments including RT, CRT or ChT are frequently employed in locally advanced/oligometastatic GI cancers (i.e. rectal, pancreatic, esophagus, stomach, etc.). Utilizing established therapies in combination with ICI provides an abundance of opportunities for innovative treatment regimens to further improve survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Petricevic
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julijan Kabiljo
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Zirnbauer
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Johannes Laengle
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Tumor draining lymph nodes, immune response, and radiotherapy: Towards a revisal of therapeutic principles. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Liu L, Yang X, Yuan P, Cai S, Bao J, Zhao Y, Aimaier A, Aipire A, Lu J, Li J. In Vitro and In Vivo Dendritic Cell Immune Stimulation Effect of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:197. [PMID: 35323496 PMCID: PMC8949674 DOI: 10.3390/md20030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been reported to have immunomodulation effects through the increase of the activation and function of macrophages. In this study, the regulating effect of LMWF from Undaria pinnatifida grown in New Zealand on dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated. We discovered that LMWF could stimulate DCs' maturation and migration, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells' proliferation in vitro. We proved that this immune promoting activity is activated through TLR4 and its downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further in vivo (mouse model) investigation showed that LMWF has a strong immunological boosting effect, such as facilitating the proliferation of immune cells and increasing the index of immune organs. These findings suggest that LMWF has a positive immunomodulatory effect and is a promising candidate to supplement cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Jing Bao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alimu Aimaier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
- School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (L.L.); (P.Y.); (S.C.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.A.); (A.A.)
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16
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Zeng J, Li X, Sander M, Zhang H, Yan G, Lin Y. Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721830. [PMID: 34675919 PMCID: PMC8524046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant gliomas remains poor, with median survival fewer than 20 months and a 5-year survival rate merely 5%. Their primary location in the central nervous system (CNS) and its immunosuppressive environment with little T cell infiltration has rendered cancer therapies mostly ineffective, and breakthrough therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefit. However, tumor immunotherapy is developing rapidly and can help overcome these obstacles. But for now, malignant gliomas remain fatal with short survival and limited therapeutic options. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a unique antitumor immunotherapy wherein viruses selectively or preferentially kill tumor cells, replicate and spread through tumors while inducing antitumor immune responses. OVTs can also recondition the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of other immunotherapies by escalating the infiltration of immune cells into tumors. Some OVTs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and possess tropism for the CNS, enabling intravenous delivery. Despite the therapeutic potential displayed by oncolytic viruses (OVs), optimizing OVT has proved challenging in clinical development, and marketing approvals for OVTs have been rare. In June 2021 however, as a genetically engineered OV based on herpes simplex virus-1 (G47Δ), teserpaturev got conditional and time-limited approval for the treatment of malignant gliomas in Japan. In this review, we summarize the current state of OVT, the synergistic effect of OVT in combination with other immunotherapies as well as the hurdles to successful clinical use. We also provide some suggestions to overcome the challenges in treating of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zeng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxue Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Sander
- Department of International Cooperation, Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Batchu RB, Gruzdyn OV, Kolli BK, Dachepalli R, Umar PS, Rai SK, Singh N, Tavva PS, Weaver DW, Gruber SA. IL-10 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:51-65. [PMID: 33559854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other malignancies, ovarian cancer (OC) creates a complex tumor microenvironment with distinctive peritoneal ascites consisting of a mixture of several immunosuppressive cells which impair the ability of the patient's immune system to fight the disease. The poor survival rates observed in advanced stage OC patients and the lack of effective conventional therapeutic options have been attributed in large part to the immature dendritic cells (DCs), IL-10 secreting regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and cancer stem cells that secrete inhibitory cytokines. This review highlights the critical role played by the intraperitoneal presence of IL-10 in the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Further, the effect of antibody neutralization of IL-10 on the efficacy of DC and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell vaccines will be discussed. Moreover, we will review the influence of IL-10 in the promotion of cancer stemness in concert with the NF-κB signaling pathway with regard to OC progression. Finally, understanding the role of IL-10 and its crosstalk with various cells in the ascitic fluid may contribute to the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches with the potential to kill drug-resistant OC cells while minimizing toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B Batchu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Oksana V Gruzdyn
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bala K Kolli
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.,Med Manor Organics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Prem S Umar
- Med Manor Organics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott A Gruber
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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18
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Targeted Delivery of IL-12 Adjuvants Immunotherapy by Oncolytic Viruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:67-80. [PMID: 33559855 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The great hopes raised by the discovery of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12) as an anticancer agent were marred during early clinical experimentation because of severe adverse effects, which prompted a search for alternative formulations and routes of administration. Onco-immunotherapeutic viruses (OIVs) are wild-type or genetically engineered viruses that exert antitumor activity by causing death of the tumor cells they infect and by overcoming a variety of immunosuppressive mechanisms put in place by the tumors. OIVs have renewed the interest in IL-12, as they offer the opportunity to encode the cytokine transgenically from the viral genome and to produce it at high concentrations in the tumor bed. A large body of evidence indicates that IL-12 serves as a potent adjuvant for the immunotherapeutic response elicited by OIVs in murine tumor models. The list of OIVs includes onco-immunotherapeutic herpes simplex, adeno, measles, Newcastle disease, and Maraba viruses, among others. The large increase in IL-12-mediated adjuvanticity was invariably observed for all the OIVs analyzed. Indirect evidence suggests that locally delivered IL-12 may also increase tumor antigenicity. Importantly, the OIV/IL-12 treatment was not accompanied by adverse effects and elicited a long-lasting immune response capable of halting the growth of distant tumors. Thus, OIVs provide an avenue for reducing the clinical toxicity associated with systemic IL-12 therapy, by concentrating the cytokine at the site of disease. The changes to the tumor microenvironment induced by the IL-12-armed OIVs primed the tumors to an improved response to the checkpoint blockade therapy, suggesting that the triple combination is worth pursuing in the future. The highly encouraging results in preclinical models have prompted translation to the clinic. How well the IL-12-OIV-checkpoint inhibitors' combination will perform in humans remains to be fully investigated.
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Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113354. [PMID: 33202717 PMCID: PMC7697649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-selective replicating "oncolytic" viruses are novel and promising tools for immunotherapy of cancer. However, despite their first success in clinical trials, previous experience suggests that currently used oncolytic virus monotherapies will not be effective enough to achieve complete tumor responses and long-term cure in a broad spectrum of cancers. Nevertheless, there are reasonable arguments that suggest advanced oncolytic viruses will play an essential role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies including established systemic immunotherapies. Oncolytic adenoviruses (oAds) display several features to meet this therapeutic need. oAds potently lyse infected tumor cells and induce a strong immunogenic cell death associated with tumor inflammation and induction of antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, established and versatile platforms of oAds exist, which are well suited for the incorporation of heterologous genes to optimally exploit and amplify the immunostimulatory effect of viral oncolysis. A considerable spectrum of functional genes has already been integrated in oAds to optimize particular aspects of immune stimulation including antigen presentation, T cell priming, engagement of additional effector functions, and interference with immunosuppression. These advanced concepts have the potential to play a promising future role as enablers of multi-stage immunotherapies involving adoptive cell transfer and systemic immunotherapies.
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20
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Abstract
Tumors represent a hostile environment for the effector cells of cancer immunosurveillance. Immunosuppressive receptors and soluble or membrane-bound ligands are abundantly exposed and released by malignant entities and their stromal accomplices. As a consequence, executioners of antitumor immunity inefficiently navigate across cancer tissues and fail to eliminate malignant targets. By inducing immunogenic cancer cell death, oncolytic viruses profoundly reshape the tumor microenvironment. They trigger the local spread of danger signals and tumor-associated (as well as viral) antigens, thus attracting antigen-presenting cells, promoting the activation and expansion of lymphocytic populations, facilitating their infiltration in the tumor bed, and reinvigorating cytotoxic immune activity. The present review recapitulates key chemokines, growth factors and other cytokines that orchestrate this ballet of antitumoral leukocytes upon oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France.
| | - Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Xiao B, Ying C, Chen Y, Huang F, Wang B, Fang H, Guo W, Liu T, Zhou X, Huang B, Liu X, Wang Y. Doxorubicin hydrochloride enhanced antitumour effect of CEA-regulated oncolytic virotherapy in live cancer cells and a mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13431-13439. [PMID: 33251723 PMCID: PMC7701578 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (OA) has attracted increasing attention due to their specific proliferation in tumour cells and resulting in lysis of tumour cells. To further improve the antitumour effect of OA, in this study, we combined CD55-TRAIL-IETD-MnSOD (CD55-TMn), a CEA-controlled OA constructed previously, and chemotherapy to investigate their synergistic effect and possible mechanisms. MTT assay was performed to detect antitumour effects. Hoechst 33 342 and flow cytometric analysis were used to examine cell apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to examine cell pyroptosis and apoptosis mechanism. Animal experiment was used to detect antitumour effect of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) combined with CD55-TMn in vivo. We firstly found that Dox promotes gene expression mediated by CEA-regulated OA and virus progeny replication by activating phosphorylation of Smad3, and Dox can enhance antitumour effect of CEA-regulated CD55-TMn by promoting cell apotopsis and cell pyroptosis. Thus, our results provide an experimental and theoretical basis on tumour therapy by combination treatment of the oncolytic virotherapy and chemotherapy and it is expected to become a novel strategy for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boduan Xiao
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chang Ying
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongyi Chen
- Institute of cancer research and basic medical sciences of Chinese Academy of SciencesCancer hospital of University of Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiang cancer hospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of PathologyZhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Binrong Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huiling Fang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wan Guo
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of OtolaryngologyGuangdong General HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Biao Huang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yigang Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
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22
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Sustained Release of Decoy Wnt Receptor (sLRP6E1E2)-Expressing Adenovirus Using Gel-Encapsulation for Scar Remodeling in Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062242. [PMID: 32213906 PMCID: PMC7139745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An adenoviral vector (Ad) expressing a Wnt decoy receptor (sLRP6E1E2) is known to induce an anti-fibrotic effect by inhibiting Wnt signaling. We evaluated its effects in vivo using pig models and attempted to introduce an alginate gel-matrix system to prolong the effect of the Ad. Transduction efficiency as to the biological activity of Ad in different forms was evaluated. Then, 50 days after the formation of full-thickness skin defects on the backs of Yorkshire pigs, scars were treated with each form of Ad. Therapeutic efficacy and various factors influencing scar formation and collagen rearrangement were analyzed. Inflammatory cell infiltration within the scar tissues was also evaluated. Decoy Wnt receptor (sLRP6E1E2)-expressing adenovirus treatment improved scar quality in a pig model. Loading this construct in alginate gel allows sustained virus release into local tissues and prolongs Ad activity, thus maintaining its therapeutic effect longer in vivo.
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23
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Oncolytic Virus Encoding a Master Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 12 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020400. [PMID: 32050597 PMCID: PMC7072539 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are genetically modified or naturally occurring viruses, which preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, and induce anti-tumor immunity. OV-induced tumor immunity can be enhanced through viral expression of anti-tumor cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL-12). IL-12 is a potent anti-cancer agent that promotes T-helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, facilitates T-cell-mediated killing of cancer cells, and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Despite success in preclinical models, systemic IL-12 therapy is associated with significant toxicity in humans. Therefore, to utilize the therapeutic potential of IL-12 in OV-based cancer therapy, 25 different IL-12 expressing OVs (OV-IL12s) have been genetically engineered for local IL-12 production and tested preclinically in various cancer models. Among OV-IL12s, oncolytic herpes simplex virus encoding IL-12 (OHSV-IL12) is the furthest along in the clinic. IL-12 expression locally in the tumors avoids systemic toxicity while inducing an efficient anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with anti-angiogenic drugs or immunomodulators without compromising safety. Despite the rapidly rising interest, there are no current reviews on OV-IL12s that exploit their potential efficacy and safety to translate into human subjects. In this article, we will discuss safety, tumor-specificity, and anti-tumor immune/anti-angiogenic effects of OHSV-IL12 as mono- and combination-therapies. In addition to OHSV-IL12 viruses, we will also review other IL-12-expressing OVs and their application in cancer therapy.
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24
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Yun IS, Kang E, Ahn HM, Kim YO, Rah DK, Roh TS, Lee WJ, Yun CO. Effect of Relaxin Expression from an Alginate Gel-Encapsulated Adenovirus on Scar Remodeling in a Pig Model. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:854-863. [PMID: 31433583 PMCID: PMC6704020 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.9.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Relaxin (RLX) is a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) antagonist that is believed to function as a potent collagen re-arranger and a major suppressor of extracellular matrix components. Adenoviruses (Ads) are accepted vectors for cancer gene therapy. However, repeated treatments of Ad are limited by short-term biological activity in vivo. The efficacy of sustained RLX expression to scar remodeling was assessed using an injectable alginate gel-matrix system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pig scar tissue was treated with relaxin-expressing Ad loaded in alginate gel (gel/Ad-RLX). Surface areas, color, and pliability of scars were compared, and various factors influencing scar formation and collagen arrangement were analyzed. RESULTS Gel/Ad-RLX decreased scar size, color index, and pliability. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased levels of major extracellular matrix proteins in the gel/Ad-RLX-treated group. Furthermore, treatment with gel/Ad-RLX reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin and markedly increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in pig scar tissues. Gel/Ad-RLX also significantly downregulated TGF-β1 and upregulated TGF-β3 mRNAs in pig scar tissues. CONCLUSION These results support a prominent role for RLX in scar remodeling and suggest that gel/Ad-RLX may have therapeutic effects on scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Yun
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhye Kang
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Oock Kim
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Rah
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Suk Roh
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jai Lee
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chae Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- GeneMedicine Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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25
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Wen D, Chen G, Chen Q, Li PY, Cheng H, Gu Z. Engineering Protein Delivery Depots for Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:515-524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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26
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Natural modulators of the hallmarks of immunogenic cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 162:55-70. [PMID: 30615863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds act as immunoadjuvants as their therapeutic effects trigger cancer stress response and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These reactions occur through an increase in the immunogenicity of cancer cells that undergo stress followed by immunogenic cell death (ICD). These processes result in a chemotherapeutic response with a potent immune-mediating reaction. Natural compounds that induce ICD may function as an interesting approach in converting cancer into its own vaccine. However, multiple parameters determine whether a compound can act as an ICD inducer, including the nature of the inducer, the premortem stress pathways, the cell death pathways, the intrinsic antigenicity of the cell, and the potency and availability of an immune cell response. Thus, the identification of hallmarks of ICD is important in determining the prognostic biomarkers for new therapeutic approaches and combination treatments.
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27
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Goradel NH, Mohajel N, Malekshahi ZV, Jahangiri S, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Negahdari B, Arashkia A. Oncolytic adenovirus: A tool for cancer therapy in combination with other therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8636-8646. [PMID: 30515798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses is an emerging area, in which viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor tissues without affecting healthy cells. Because of the advantages that adenoviruses (Ads) have over other viruses, they are more considered. To achieve tumor selectivity, two main modifications on Ads genome have been applied: small deletions and insertion of tissue- or tumor-specific promoters. Despite oncolytic adenoviruses ability in tumor cell lysis and immune responses stimulation, to further increase their antitumor effects, genomic modifications have been carried out including insertion of checkpoint inhibitors and antigenic or immunostimulatory molecules into the adenovirus genome and combination with dendritic cells and chemotherapeutic agents. This study reviews oncolytic adenoviruses structures, their antitumor efficacy in combination with other therapeutic strategies, and finally challenges around this treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Sun Y, Long J, Yin Y, Li H, Jiang E, Zeng C, Zhu W. Characterization of CSF2A fusion gene and its effect on Epstein-Barr virus-positive tumor cells. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1750-1756. [PMID: 29900557 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We build the latent membrane protein gene latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) and the granulocyte-macrophase colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene fusion gene (CSF2A) and discuss how the CSF2A fusion protein influenced the proliferation and apoptosis of Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+ ) tumor cells. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to amplify the LMP2A gene and GM-CSF gene fragments, respectively, according to the principle of overlap extension in the coding (Gly4Ser)3 polypeptide gene fragments of DNA restructured under the connection. The CSF2A gene could be connected with the pIRES2-enhanced green fluorescent protein vector by recombinant DNA technology and identified by enzyme electrophoresis analysis and DNA sequencing. Then, the recombinant vector was transfected into dendritic cells (DCs); RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used for testing the CSF2A gene messenger RNA and protein expression. The impacts of CSF2A on the proliferation and apoptosis of EBV+ tumor cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hochest 33342 staining. We successfully obtained the recombinant vector named pIRES2-CSF2A. The expression of CSF2A could be detected by transfecting pIRES2-CSF2A into DCs. The DCs were cocultured with T lymphocytes and then acted on the EBV+ CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. MTT assay showed that the inhibiting effect of CSF2A obviously increased and the time dependency (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05) also existed. Hochest 33342 staining showed apoptosis morphological changes of cells in nucleus staining and generated the apoptotic body. Apoptosis cells of the pIRES2-CSF2A group increased significantly at 48 hours. The results showed that the pIRES2-CSF2A recombinant vector was effectively transfected into DCs and the fusion gene CSF2A could promote EBV+ CNE2 cell apoptosis, laying the foundation for the specificity of EBV+ tumor targeting immune gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiali Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Enping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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29
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de Graaf JF, de Vor L, Fouchier RAM, van den Hoogen BG. Armed oncolytic viruses: A kick-start for anti-tumor immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:28-39. [PMID: 29576283 PMCID: PMC7108398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that specifically result in killing tumor cells, represent a promising class of cancer therapy. Recently, the focus in the OV therapy field has shifted from their direct oncolytic effect to their immune stimulatory effect. OV therapy can function as a "kick start" for the antitumor immune response by releasing tumor associated antigens and release of inflammatory signals. Combining OVs with immune modulators could enhance the efficacy of both immune and OV therapies. Additionally, genetic engineering of OVs allows local expression of immune therapeutics, thereby reducing related toxicities. Different options to modify the tumor microenvironment in combination with OV therapy have been explored. The possibilities and obstacles of these combinations will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L de Vor
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - R A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Thepmalee C, Panya A, Junking M, Chieochansin T, Yenchitsomanus PT. Inhibition of IL-10 and TGF-β receptors on dendritic cells enhances activation of effector T-cells to kill cholangiocarcinoma cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1423-1431. [PMID: 29420117 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1431598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor escapes host immune responses by producing immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, secreted into the tumor microenvironment. These cytokines play important roles in the suppression of dendritic cell (DC) function, leading to decreased immune responses of the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To improve DC functions and enhance cytolytic activity of activated effector T-cells, we suppressed the effect of these cytokines on DCs by using specific neutralizing antibodies that inhibit IL-10 and TGF-β receptors. Monocyte-derived DCs generated in vitro showed up-regulation of MHC (HLA-DR) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86). The IL-10 and TGF-β receptors were expressed and localized on cell membrane of DCs, as shown by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining, whereas the IL-10 and TGF-β ligands were detected in the culture supernatants of DCs and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line, respectively. Inhibition of the IL-10 and TGF-β receptors on DCs by specific neutralizing antibodies significantly increased level of IFN-γ and enhanced cytolytic activity of the DC-activated effector T-cells against CCA cell line. These results indicate that the IL-10 and TGF-β receptors are the targets for inhibition to increase DC functions and enhance cytolytic activity of the DC-activated effector T-cells against CCA cells. Thus, inhibition of the IL-10 and TGF-β receptors on DCs is crucial in the preparation of DC-activated effector T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutamas Thepmalee
- a Division of Molecular Medicine , Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Graduate Program in Immunology , Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.,c Division of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Science, University of Phayao , Phayao , Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- a Division of Molecular Medicine , Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.,d Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Mutita Junking
- a Division of Molecular Medicine , Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Chieochansin
- a Division of Molecular Medicine , Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- a Division of Molecular Medicine , Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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31
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Ahn HM, Hong J, Yun CO. Oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing interleukin-12 and shVEGF restores antitumor immune function and enhances antitumor efficacy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84965-84980. [PMID: 27821803 PMCID: PMC5356712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is extremely immunosuppressive, preventing efficient induction of antitumor immunity. To overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression and enhance the potency of immunogene therapy, oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) co-expressing interleukin (IL)-12 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shVEGF; RdB/IL12/shVEGF) was generated. Intratumoral injection of RdB/IL12/shVEGF induced a strong antitumor effect in an immune competent B16-F10 melanoma model. RdB/IL12/shVEGF restored immune surveillance function in tumor tissues and actively recruited immune cells by elevating the expression levels of IL-12 and interferon-γ. RdB/IL12/shVEGF efficiently suppressed expression of immunosuppressive VEGF, resulting in restoration of the antitumor immune response and prevention of thymic atrophy. In situ delivery of RdB/IL12/shVEGF to tumor tissues resulted in massive infiltration of differentiated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells to tissues surrounding the necrotic region of tumor. Furthermore, RdB/IL12/shVEGF induced a potent tumor-specific T helper type 1 immune response, implying that attenuation of the immunosuppressive environment mediated by downregulation of VEGF can significantly enhance immune stimulatory functions in the tumor milieu. Collectively, these findings indicate the potential of inducing and restoring potent antitumor immunity using intratumorally administered oncolytic Ad co-expressing IL-12 and shVEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, 222 Wangsimni-ro 133-791, Seoul, Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, 222 Wangsimni-ro 133-791, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, 222 Wangsimni-ro 133-791, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing interleukin-12 and decorin overcomes Treg-mediated immunosuppression inducing potent antitumor effects in a weakly immunogenic tumor model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4730-4746. [PMID: 28002796 PMCID: PMC5354867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 is a potent antitumor cytokine. However, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments containing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) attenuate cytokine-mediated antitumor immune responses. To enhance the efficacy of IL-12-mediated cancer immunotherapy, decorin (DCN) was explored as an adjuvant for overcoming TGF-β-mediated immunosuppression. We designed and generated a novel oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) coexpressing IL-12 and DCN (RdB/IL12/DCN). RdB/IL12/DCN-treated tumors showed significantly greater levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IFN-γ-secreting immune cells than tumors treated with cognate control oncolytic Ad expressing a single therapeutic gene (RdB/DCN or RdB/IL12). Moreover, RdB/IL12/DCN attenuated intratumoral TGF-β expression, which positively correlated with reduction of Treg cells in draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Furthermore, tumor tissue treated with RdB/IL12/DCN showed increases infiltration of CD8+ T cells and proficient viral spreading within tumor tissues. These results demonstrated that an oncolytic Ad co-expressing IL-12 and DCN induces a potent antitumor immune response via restoration of antitumor immune function in a weakly immunogenic murine 4T1 orthotopic breast cancer model. These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of IL-12 plus DCN, making it a promising cancer immunotherapeutic agent for overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppression.
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33
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Montico B, Nigro A, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Immunogenic Apoptosis as a Novel Tool for Anticancer Vaccine Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020594. [PMID: 29462947 PMCID: PMC5855816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic apoptosis, or more appropriately called immunogenic cell death (ICD), is a recently described form of apoptosis induced by a specific set of chemotherapeutic drugs or by physical therapeutic modalities, such as ionizing irradiation and photodynamic therapy. The peculiar characteristic of ICD is the ability to favor recognition and elimination of dying tumor cells by phagocytes in association with the release of pro-inflammatory molecules (such as cytokines and high-mobility group box-1). While in vitro and animal models pointed to ICD as one of the molecular mechanisms mediating the clinical efficacy of some anticancer agents, it is hard to clearly demonstrate its contribution in cancer patients. Clinical evidence suggests that the induction of ICD alone is possibly not sufficient to fully subvert the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, interesting results from recent studies contemplate the exploitation of ICD for improving the immunogenicity of cancer cells to use them as an antigen cargo in the development of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Herein, we discuss the effects of danger signals expressed or released by cancer cells undergoing ICD on the maturation and activation of immature and mature DC, highlighting the potential added value of ICD in adoptive immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
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34
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Zhang J, Ding M, Xu K, Mao L, Zheng J. shRNA-armed conditionally replicative adenoviruses: a promising approach for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29824-34. [PMID: 26980708 PMCID: PMC5045436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been employed to knockdown the expression of cancer-associated genes and shown some promise in cancer therapy. However, synthetic siRNA duplexes or plasmid mediated delivery of siRNAs have several problems, such as short half-life, low transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity associated with transfection. Conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRAds) as the delivery vector for short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) could overcome these limitations and have shown augmented anti-tumor effects in experimental studies and preclinical trials. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the development of CRAds-shRNA for cancer treatment. Combination of CRAds-shRNA with chemotherapeutics, radiation, dendritic cells, monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors will be necessary to eradicate cancer cells and cancer stem cells and achieve superior outcomes. The use of CRAd platform for efficient delivery of shRNAs and foreign genes will open a new avenue for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lijun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Hargadon KM. Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Melanoma. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1594. [PMID: 29209327 PMCID: PMC5702020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer that frequently metastasizes to vital organs, where it is often difficult to treat with traditional therapies such as surgery and radiation. In such cases of metastatic disease, immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as an exciting treatment option for melanoma patients. Despite unprecedented successes with immune therapy in the clinic, many patients still experience disease relapse, and others fail to respond at all, thus highlighting the need to better understand factors that influence the efficacy of antitumor immune responses. At the heart of antitumor immunity are dendritic cells (DCs), an innate population of cells that function as critical regulators of immune tolerance and activation. As such, DCs have the potential to serve as important targets and delivery agents of cancer immunotherapies. Even immunotherapies that do not directly target or employ DCs, such as checkpoint blockade therapy and adoptive cell transfer therapy, are likely to rely on DCs that shape the quality of therapy-associated antitumor immunity. Therefore, understanding factors that regulate the function of tumor-associated DCs is critical for optimizing both current and future immunotherapeutic strategies for treating melanoma. To this end, this review focuses on advances in our understanding of DC function in the context of melanoma, with particular emphasis on (1) the role of immunogenic cell death in eliciting tumor-associated DC activation, (2) immunosuppression of DC function by melanoma-associated factors in the tumor microenvironment, (3) metabolic constraints on the activation of tumor-associated DCs, and (4) the role of the microbiome in shaping the immunogenicity of DCs and the overall quality of anti-melanoma immune responses they mediate. Additionally, this review highlights novel DC-based immunotherapies for melanoma that are emerging from recent progress in each of these areas of investigation, and it discusses current issues and questions that will need to be addressed in future studies aimed at optimizing the function of melanoma-associated DCs and the antitumor immune responses they direct against this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA, United States
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Xiao B, Qin Y, Ying C, Ma B, Wang B, Long F, Wang R, Fang L, Wang Y. Combination of oncolytic adenovirus and luteolin exerts synergistic antitumor effects in colorectal cancer cells and a mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9375-9382. [PMID: 29039580 PMCID: PMC5779991 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic viruses have attracted increasing interest due to their potent antitumor effects. Luteolin, a natural product, has additionally been observed to exhibit various pharmacological antitumor activities. Previously, a novel dual-targeting oncolytic adenovirus, complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55)-tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TRAIL), was constructed, which exhibited significant growth inhibitory effects in various types of tumor cell. The present study investigated whether the combination of luteolin and CD55-TRAIL was able to exert a synergistic antitumor effect in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. The cytotoxicity and tumor cell apoptosis mediated by combination treatment in CRC cells were detected via an MTT assay, Hoechst staining and western blotting, respectively. Tumor growth in vivo was examined in a CRC mouse xenograft model following various treatments. The results demonstrated that the addition of luteolin enhanced oncolytic adenovirus-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein, early region 1A and TRAIL expression. The combination of CD55-TRAIL with luteolin synergistically inhibited tumor growth and promoted CRC cellular apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the combination of CD55-TRAIL with luteolin significantly decreased cytotoxicity in lung/bronchial normal epithelial cells, compared with single treatment. Therefore, the combination of CD55-TRAIL with luteolin may be a novel efficient therapeutic strategy for CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boduan Xiao
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yun Qin
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Chang Ying
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Buyun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Binrong Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Fei Long
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Ruwei Wang
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Ling Fang
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci‑Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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Jung BK, Oh E, Hong J, Lee Y, Park KD, Yun CO. A hydrogel matrix prolongs persistence and promotes specific localization of an oncolytic adenovirus in a tumor by restricting nonspecific shedding and an antiviral immune response. Biomaterials 2017; 147:26-38. [PMID: 28923683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, intratumoral injection of an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) is the conventional administration route in clinical trials. Nonetheless, the locally administered Ad disseminates to the surrounding nontarget tissues and has short biological activity due to immunogenicity of Ad, thus necessitating multiple injections to achieve a sufficient therapeutic index. In the present study, a tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-expressing oncolytic Ad (oAd-TRAIL) was encapsulated in a gelatin hydrogel (oAd-TRAIL/gel) to enhance and prolong antitumor efficacy of the virus after a single intratumoral injection. oAd-TRAIL/gel showed greater antitumor efficacy than naked oAd-TRAIL did due to enhanced and prolonged intratumoral accumulation of Ad up to a 20-day period, showing potent induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, the gel system effectively prevented shedding of oncolytic Ad from the injection site to hepatic and other healthy tissues. oAd-TRAIL/gel treatment resulted in a markedly weaker antiviral immune response against Ad relative to naked oAd-TRAIL, further contributing to prolonged persistence of the oncolytic Ad in tumor tissue. Moreover, the hydrogel matrix preserved oAd-TRAIL's ability to induce an antitumor immune response, resulting in higher intratumoral infiltration by CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these findings show that single intratumoral administration of the Ad/hydrogel modality may prolong and potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of Ad, modulate the immune reaction in favor of the virotherapy, and enhance intratumoral localization of the virus, ultimately overcoming limitations of oncolytic virotherapy revealed in recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyeong Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon, Yeongtong, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Santiago DN, Heidbuechel JPW, Kandell WM, Walker R, Djeu J, Engeland CE, Abate-Daga D, Enderling H. Fighting Cancer with Mathematics and Viruses. Viruses 2017; 9:E239. [PMID: 28832539 PMCID: PMC5618005 DOI: 10.3390/v9090239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After decades of research, oncolytic virotherapy has recently advanced to clinical application, and currently a multitude of novel agents and combination treatments are being evaluated for cancer therapy. Oncolytic agents preferentially replicate in tumor cells, inducing tumor cell lysis and complex antitumor effects, such as innate and adaptive immune responses and the destruction of tumor vasculature. With the availability of different vector platforms and the potential of both genetic engineering and combination regimens to enhance particular aspects of safety and efficacy, the identification of optimal treatments for patient subpopulations or even individual patients becomes a top priority. Mathematical modeling can provide support in this arena by making use of experimental and clinical data to generate hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying complex biology and, ultimately, predict optimal treatment protocols. Increasingly complex models can be applied to account for therapeutically relevant parameters such as components of the immune system. In this review, we describe current developments in oncolytic virotherapy and mathematical modeling to discuss the benefit of integrating different modeling approaches into biological and clinical experimentation. Conclusively, we propose a mutual combination of these research fields to increase the value of the preclinical development and the therapeutic efficacy of the resulting treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Santiago
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | | - Wendy M Kandell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Rachel Walker
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Julie Djeu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Christine E Engeland
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, Department of Translational Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Heiko Enderling
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Oh E, Oh JE, Hong J, Chung Y, Lee Y, Park KD, Kim S, Yun CO. Optimized biodegradable polymeric reservoir-mediated local and sustained co-delivery of dendritic cells and oncolytic adenovirus co-expressing IL-12 and GM-CSF for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2017; 259:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Montico B, Lapenta C, Ravo M, Martorelli D, Muraro E, Zeng B, Comaro E, Spada M, Donati S, Santini SM, Tarallo R, Giurato G, Rizzo F, Weisz A, Belardelli F, Dolcetti R, Dal Col J. Exploiting a new strategy to induce immunogenic cell death to improve dendritic cell-based vaccines for lymphoma immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1356964. [PMID: 29147614 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1356964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although promising, the clinical benefit provided by dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines is still limited and the choice of the optimal antigen formulation is still an unresolved issue. We have developed a new DC-based vaccination protocol for aggressive and/or refractory lymphomas which combines the unique features of interferon-conditioned DC (IFN-DC) with highly immunogenic tumor cell lysates (TCL) obtained from lymphoma cells undergoing immunogenic cell death. We show that treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines with 9-cis-retinoic acid and IFNα (RA/IFNα) induces early membrane exposure of Calreticulin, HSP70 and 90 together with CD47 down-regulation and enhanced HMGB1 secretion. Consistently, RA/IFNα-treated apoptotic cells and -TCLs were more efficiently phagocytosed by DCs compared to controls. Notably, cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) generated with autologous DCs pulsed with RA/IFNα-TCLs more efficiently recognized and specifically lysed MCL or DLBCL cells or targets loaded with several HLA-A*0201 cyclin D1 or HLA-B*0801 survivin epitopes. These cultures also showed an expansion of Th1 and Th17 cells and an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Moreover, DCs loaded with RA/IFNα-TCLs showed enhanced functional maturation and activation. NOD/SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes and vaccinated with autologous RA/IFNα-TCL loaded-IFN-DCs showed lymphoma-specific T-cell responses and a significant decrease in tumor growth with respect to mice treated with IFN-DC unpulsed or loaded with untreated TCLs. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the use of RA/IFNα to generate a highly immunogenic TCL as a suitable tumor antigen formulation for the development of effective anticancer DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Montico
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - C Lapenta
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - D Martorelli
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - E Muraro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - B Zeng
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Comaro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - M Spada
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - S Donati
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - S M Santini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - G Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.,Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - F Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - A Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - F Belardelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Dolcetti
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Dal Col
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer biomarkers, Aviano (PN), Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
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41
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Oncolytic influenza A virus expressing interleukin-15 decreases tumor growth in vivo. Surgery 2016; 161:735-746. [PMID: 27776794 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-15 has become a promising molecule in the context of eliciting an effective, antitumor immune response because it is able to stimulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. METHODS We generated an interleukin-15-expressing oncolytic influenza A virus for the treatment of an established murine tumor model. RESULTS Our oncolytic influenza A virus produced large amounts of interleukin-15 and induced proliferation and activation of human T cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration increased the amount of mouse natural killer cells and effector memory T cells, as well as T cell reactivity in vivo. Moreover, intratumoral injection induced a profound decrease in growth of established tumors in mice and increased the amount of tumor-infiltrating T cells and natural killer cells. CONCLUSION We established a stable, IL-15-producing oncolytic influenza A virus with promising immunostimulatory and antitumor attributes.
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Seyfizadeh N, Muthuswamy R, Mitchell DA, Nierkens S, Seyfizadeh N. Migration of dendritic cells to the lymph nodes and its enhancement to drive anti-tumor responses. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:100-110. [PMID: 27823637 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Better prognoses associated with increased T cell infiltration of tumors, as seen with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, portray the importance and potential of the immune system in controlling tumors. This has rejuvenated the field of cancer immunotherapy leading to an increasing number of immunotherapies developed for cancer patients. Dendritic Cells (DCs) vaccines represent an appealing option for cancer immunotherapy since DCs have the ability to circumvent tolerance to tumors by its adjuvant properties and to induce memory T cells that can become persistent after initial tumor clearance to engage potential metastatic tumors. In the past, DC-based cancer vaccines have elicited only poor clinical response in cancer patients, which can be attributed to complex and a multitude of issues associated with generation, implementing, delivery of DC vaccine and their potential interaction with effector cells. The current review mainly focuses on migration/trafficking of DCs, as one of the key issues that affect the success of DC-based cancer vaccines, and discusses strategies to enhance it for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, impact of maturation, route of DC delivery and negative effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) on DC homing to LN are reviewed. Moreover, strategies to increase the expression of genes involved in Lymph node homing, preconditioning of the vaccination site, enhancing lymph node ability to attract and receive DCs, while limiting negative impact of TME on DC migration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Seyfizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Duane A Mitchell
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, U-DAIR, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nayer Seyfizadeh
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Martin Lluesma S, Wolfer A, Harari A, Kandalaft LE. Cancer Vaccines in Ovarian Cancer: How Can We Improve? Biomedicines 2016; 4:biomedicines4020010. [PMID: 28536377 PMCID: PMC5344251 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one important cause of gynecologic cancer-related death. Currently, the mainstay of ovarian cancer treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy (introduced 30 years ago) but, as the disease is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, its prognosis remains very poor. Clearly, there is a critical need for new treatment options, and immunotherapy is one attractive alternative. Prophylactic vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases have led to major achievements, yet therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown consistently low efficacy in the past. However, as they are associated with minimal side effects or invasive procedures, efforts directed to improve their efficacy are being deployed, with Dendritic Cell (DC) vaccination strategies standing as one of the more promising options. On the other hand, recent advances in our understanding of immunological mechanisms have led to the development of successful strategies for the treatment of different cancers, such as immune checkpoint blockade strategies. Combining these strategies with DC vaccination approaches and introducing novel combinatorial designs must also be considered and evaluated. In this review, we will analyze past vaccination methods used in ovarian cancer, and we will provide different suggestions aiming to improve their efficacy in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin Lluesma
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Res, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Anita Wolfer
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Res, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Res, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Shen J, He F, Zhang D, Chen Z, Duan Y, Sun J. Feasibility study of DCs/CIKs combined with thoracic radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol 2016; 11:60. [PMID: 27097970 PMCID: PMC4839093 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-016-0635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) can induce the anti-tumor immune response and radiotherapy may promote the activity. We aimed to explore the feasibility of DCs/CIKs combined with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHOD In this study, patients with unresectable stage III/IV NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0-2 and previously receiving two or more cycles of platinum-based doublet chemotherapy without disease progression received TRT plus DCs/CIKs or TRT alone until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was median progression-free survival (mPFS). In treatment group, patients received four-cycle autologous DCs/CIKs infusion starting from the 6(th) fraction of irradiation. RESULTS From Jan 13, 2012 to June 30, 2014, 82 patients were enrolled, with 21 patients in treatment group and 61 in control group. The mPFS in treatment group was longer than that in control group (330 days vs 233 days, hazard ratio 0.51, 95 % CI 0.27-1.0, P < 0.05), and the objective response rate (ORR) of treatment group (47.6 %) was significantly higher that of control group (24.6 %, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in disease control rate (DCR) and median overall survival (mOS) between two groups (P > 0.05). The side effects in treatment group were mild and there was no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSION The combination of DCs/CIKs with TRT could be a feasible regimen in treating locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients. Further investigation of the regimen is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhang
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Oncology Department, Leshan People's Hospital, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Feng He
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuzhong Duan
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Pol J, Buqué A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, Preville X, Sautès-Fridman C, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117740. [PMID: 27057469 PMCID: PMC4801444 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy relies on the administration of non-pathogenic viral strains that selectively infect and kill malignant cells while favoring the elicitation of a therapeutically relevant tumor-targeting immune response. During the past few years, great efforts have been dedicated to the development of oncolytic viruses with improved specificity and potency. Such an intense wave of investigation has culminated this year in the regulatory approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a genetically engineered oncolytic viral strain for use in melanoma patients. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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Vandenberk L, Belmans J, Van Woensel M, Riva M, Van Gool SW. Exploiting the Immunogenic Potential of Cancer Cells for Improved Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Front Immunol 2016; 6:663. [PMID: 26834740 PMCID: PMC4712296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is currently the hottest topic in the oncology field, owing predominantly to the discovery of immune checkpoint blockers. These promising antibodies and their attractive combinatorial features have initiated the revival of other effective immunotherapies, such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccinations. Although DC-based immunotherapy can induce objective clinical and immunological responses in several tumor types, the immunogenic potential of this monotherapy is still considered suboptimal. Hence, focus should be directed on potentiating its immunogenicity by making step-by-step protocol innovations to obtain next-generation Th1-driving DC vaccines. We review some of the latest developments in the DC vaccination field, with a special emphasis on strategies that are applied to obtain a highly immunogenic tumor cell cargo to load and to activate the DCs. To this end, we discuss the effects of three immunogenic treatment modalities (ultraviolet light, oxidizing treatments, and heat shock) and five potent inducers of immunogenic cell death [radiotherapy, shikonin, high-hydrostatic pressure, oncolytic viruses, and (hypericin-based) photodynamic therapy] on DC biology and their application in DC-based immunotherapy in preclinical as well as clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Vandenberk
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jochen Belmans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Woensel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Riva
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefaan W Van Gool
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Kinderklinik, RWTH, Aachen, Germany; Immunologic-Oncologic Centre Cologne (IOZK), Köln, Germany
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Kim Y, Clements DR, Sterea AM, Jang HW, Gujar SA, Lee PWK. Dendritic Cells in Oncolytic Virus-Based Anti-Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2015; 7:6506-25. [PMID: 26690204 PMCID: PMC4690876 DOI: 10.3390/v7122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. These tumor-associated DCs thus fail to initiate tumor-specific immunity, and indirectly support tumor progression. Hence, there is increasing interest in identifying interventions that can overturn DC impairment within the TME. Many reports thus far have studied oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that preferentially target and kill cancer cells, for their capacity to enhance DC-mediated anti-tumor effects. Herein, we describe the general characteristics of DCs, focusing on their role in innate and adaptive immunity in the context of the TME. We also examine how DC-OV interaction affects DC recruitment, OV delivery, and anti-tumor immunity activation. Understanding these roles of DCs in the TME and OV infection is critical in devising strategies to further harness the anti-tumor effects of both DCs and OVs, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of OV-based oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youra Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Derek R Clements
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Andra M Sterea
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Hyun Woo Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Strategy and Organizational Performance, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
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Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Garofalo M, Romaniuk D, Kuryk L, Sarvela T, Vitale A, Antopolsky M, Magarkar A, Viitala T, Suutari T, Bunker A, Yliperttula M, Urtti A, Cerullo V. Oncolytic adenoviruses coated with MHC-I tumor epitopes increase the antitumor immunity and efficacy against melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1105429. [PMID: 27141389 PMCID: PMC4839367 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of the immune system using oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) has attracted significant interest and several studies suggested that OAds immunogenicity might be important for their efficacy. Therefore, we developed a versatile and rapid system to adsorb tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) peptides onto the viral surface to drive the immune response toward the tumor epitopes. By studying the model epitope SIINFEKL, we demonstrated that the peptide-coated OAd (PeptiCRAd) retains its infectivity and the cross presentation of the modified-exogenous epitope on MHC-I is not hindered. We then showed that the SIINFEKL-targeting PeptiCRAd achieves a superior antitumor efficacy and increases the percentage of antitumor CD8+ T cells and mature epitope-specific dendritic cells in vivo. PeptiCRAds loaded with clinically relevant tumor epitopes derived from tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) and human gp100 could reduce the growth of primary-treated tumors and secondary-untreated melanomas, promoting the expansion of antigen-specific T-cell populations. Finally, we tested PeptiCRAd in humanized mice bearing human melanomas. In this model, a PeptiCRAd targeting the human melanoma-associated antigen A1 (MAGE-A1) and expressing granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was able to eradicate established tumors and increased the human MAGE-A1-specific CD8+ T cell population. Herein, we show that the immunogenicity of OAds plays a key role in their efficacy and it can be exploited to direct the immune response system toward exogenous tumor epitopes. This versatile and rapid system overcomes the immunodominance of the virus and elicits a tumor-specific immune response, making PeptiCRAd a promising approach for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Hirvinen
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Dmitrii Romaniuk
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teea Sarvela
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Vitale
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness (DiSMEB), University of Naples Parthenope, Via Medina 40, Naples, Italy, CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via G. Salvatore 486 , Naples, Italy
| | - Maxim Antopolsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Suutari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex Bunker
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Center for Drug Research, University of Helsinki , Viikinkaari 5 , Helsinki, Finland
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Lee WJ, Ahn HM, Roh H, Na Y, Choi IK, Lee JH, Kim YO, Lew DH, Yun CO. Decorin-expressing adenovirus decreases collagen synthesis and upregulates MMP expression in keloid fibroblasts and keloid spheroids. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:591-7. [PMID: 25865370 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a natural transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) antagonist. Reduced decorin synthesis is associated with dermal scarring, and increased decorin expression appears to reduce scar tissue formation. To investigate the therapeutic potential of decorin for keloids, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keloid-derived fibroblasts (KFs) were transduced with decorin-expressing adenovirus (dE1-RGD/GFP/DCN), and we examined the therapeutic potential of decorin-expressing Ad for treating pathologic skin fibrosis. Decorin expression was examined by immunofluorescence assay on keloid tissues. HDFs and KFs were transduced with dE1-RGD/GFP/DCN or control virus, and protein levels of decorin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and secreted TGF-β1 were assessed by Western blotting and ELISA. And type I and III collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) mRNA levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Additionally, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression levels of the major extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in keloid spheroids transduced with dE1-RGD/GFP/DCN. Lower decorin expression was observed in the keloid region compared to adjacent normal tissues. After treatment with dE1-RGD/GFP/DCN, secreted TGF-β1 and EGFR protein expressions were decreased in TGF-β1-treated HDFs and KFs. Also, type I and III collagen mRNA levels were decreased, and the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA was strongly upregulated. In addition, the expression of type I and III collagen, fibronectin and elastin was significantly reduced in dE1-RGD/GFP/DCN-transduced keloid spheroids. These results support the utility of decorin-expressing adenovirus to reduce collagen synthesis in KFs and keloid spheroid, which may be highly beneficial in treating keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Roh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youjin Na
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Oock Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lew
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Alekseenko IV, Snezhkov EV, Chernov IP, Pleshkan VV, Potapov VK, Sass AV, Monastyrskaya GS, Kopantzev EP, Vinogradova TV, Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS, Bezborodova OA, Plyutinskaya AD, Nemtsova ER, Yakubovskaya RI, Sverdlov ED. Therapeutic properties of a vector carrying the HSV thymidine kinase and GM-CSF genes and delivered as a complex with a cationic copolymer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:78. [PMID: 25880666 PMCID: PMC4359447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) represents a technology to improve drug selectivity for cancer cells. It consists of delivery into tumor cells of a suicide gene responsible for in situ conversion of a prodrug into cytotoxic metabolites. Major limitations of GDEPT that hinder its clinical application include inefficient delivery into cancer cells and poor prodrug activation by suicide enzymes. We tried to overcome these constraints through a combination of suicide gene therapy with immunomodulating therapy. Viral vectors dominate in present-day GDEPT clinical trials due to efficient transfection and production of therapeutic genes. However, safety concerns associated with severe immune and inflammatory responses as well as high cost of the production of therapeutic viruses can limit therapeutic use of virus-based therapeutics. We tried to overcome this problem by using a simple nonviral delivery system. METHODS We studied the antitumor efficacy of a PEI (polyethylenimine)-PEG (polyethylene glycol) copolymer carrying the HSVtk gene combined in one vector with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cDNA. The system HSVtk-GM-CSF/PEI-PEG was tested in vitro in various mouse and human cell lines, ex vivo and in vivo using mouse models. RESULTS We showed that the HSVtk-GM-CSF/PEI-PEG system effectively inhibited the growth of transplanted human and mouse tumors, suppressed metastasis and increased animal lifespan. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that appreciable tumor shrinkage and metastasis inhibition could be achieved with a simple and low toxic chemical carrier - a PEI-PEG copolymer. Our data indicate that combined suicide and cytokine gene therapy may provide a powerful approach for the treatment of solid tumors and their metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Eugene V Snezhkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Igor P Chernov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Victor V Pleshkan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Victor K Potapov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Sass
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Galina S Monastyrskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Eugene P Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Vinogradova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Khramtsov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Ulasov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, ul. Leninskiye Gory, 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, ul. Leninskiye Gory, 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Olga A Bezborodova
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Anna D Plyutinskaya
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Elena R Nemtsova
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Raisa I Yakubovskaya
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Eugene D Sverdlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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