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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Stepping Stone to In Vitro Human Models of Hearing Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203331. [PMID: 36291196 PMCID: PMC9600035 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most prevalent sensorineural impairment in humans. Yet despite very active research, no effective therapy other than the cochlear implant has reached the clinic. Main reasons for this failure are the multifactorial nature of the disorder, its heterogeneity, and a late onset that hinders the identification of etiological factors. Another problem is the lack of human samples such that practically all the work has been conducted on animals. Although highly valuable data have been obtained from such models, there is the risk that inter-species differences exist that may compromise the relevance of the gathered data. Human-based models are therefore direly needed. The irruption of human induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in the field of hearing research offers the possibility to generate an array of otic cell models of human origin; these may enable the identification of guiding signalling cues during inner ear development and of the mechanisms that lead from genetic alterations to pathology. These models will also be extremely valuable when conducting ototoxicity analyses and when exploring new avenues towards regeneration in the inner ear. This review summarises some of the work that has already been conducted with these cells and contemplates future possibilities.
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Guo J, Ma X, Skidmore JM, Cimerman J, Prieskorn DM, Beyer LA, Swiderski DL, Dolan DF, Martin DM, Raphael Y. GJB2 gene therapy and conditional deletion reveal developmental stage-dependent effects on inner ear structure and function. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:319-333. [PMID: 34729379 PMCID: PMC8531464 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in GJB2, the gene encoding connexin 26, are the most common cause of autosomal-recessive hereditary deafness. Despite this high prevalence, pathogenic mechanisms leading to GJB2-related deafness are not well understood, and cures are absent. Humans with GJB2-related deafness retain at least some auditory hair cells and neurons, and their deafness is usually stable. In contrast, mice with conditional loss of Gjb2 in supporting cells exhibit extensive loss of hair cells and neurons and rapidly progress to profound deafness, precluding the application of therapies that require intact cochlear cells. In an attempt to design a less severe Gjb2 animal model, we generated mice with inducible Sox10iCre ERT2 -mediated loss of Gjb2. Tamoxifen injection led to reduced connexin 26 expression and impaired function, but cochlear hair cells and neurons survived for 2 months, allowing phenotypic rescue attempts within this time. AAV-mediated gene transfer of GJB2 in mature mutant ears did not demonstrate threshold improvement and in some animals exacerbated hearing loss and resulted in hair cell loss. We conclude that Sox10iCre ERT2 ;Gjb2 flox/flox mice are valuable for studying the biology of connexin 26 in the cochlea. In particular, these mice may be useful for evaluating gene therapy vectors and development of therapies for GJB2-related deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Guo
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer M Skidmore
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jelka Cimerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane M Prieskorn
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David F Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Jeong SH, Kim Y, Lyu AR, Shin SA, Kim TH, Huh YH, Je AR, Gajibhiye A, Yu Y, Jin Y, Park MJ, Park YH. Junctional Modulation of Round Window Membrane Enhances Dexamethasone Uptake into the Inner Ear and Recovery after NIHL. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810061. [PMID: 34576224 PMCID: PMC8464844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of substances into the inner ear via local routes is increasingly being used in clinical treatment. Studies have focused on methods to increase permeability through the round window membrane (RWM) and enhance drug diffusion into the inner ear. However, the clinical applications of those methods have been unclear and few studies have investigated the efficacy of methods in an inner ear injury model. Here, we employed the medium chain fatty acid caprate, a biologically safe, clinically applicable substance, to modulate tight junctions of the RWM. Intratympanic treatment of sodium caprate (SC) induced transient, but wider, gaps in intercellular spaces of the RWM epithelial layer and enhanced the perilymph and cochlear concentrations/uptake of dexamethasone. Importantly, dexamethasone co-administered with SC led to significantly more rapid recovery from noise-induced hearing loss at 4 and 8 kHz, compared with the dexamethasone-only group. Taken together, our data indicate that junctional modulation of the RWM by SC enhances dexamethasone uptake into the inner ear, thereby hastening the recovery of hearing sensitivity after noise trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hun Jeong
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (A.-R.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Yoonjoong Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Ah-Ra Lyu
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (A.-R.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sun-Ae Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (Y.H.H.); (A.R.J.)
| | - A Reum Je
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea; (Y.H.H.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Akanksha Gajibhiye
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (A.-R.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yongde Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133000, China;
| | - Min Jung Park
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.); (Y.-H.P.)
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (A.-R.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.-A.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.); (Y.-H.P.)
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Maharajan N, Cho GW, Jang CH. Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cochlear Regeneration. In Vivo 2021; 35:13-22. [PMID: 33402445 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the major worldwide health problems that seriously affects human social and cognitive development. In the auditory system, three components outer ear, middle ear and inner ear are essential for the hearing mechanism. In the inner ear, sensory hair cells and ganglion neuronal cells are the essential supporters for hearing mechanism. Damage to these cells can be caused by long-term exposure of excessive noise, ototoxic drugs (aminoglycosides), ear tumors, infections, heredity and aging. Since mammalian cochlear hair cells do not regenerate naturally, some therapeutic interventions may be required to replace the damaged or lost cells. Cochlear implants and hearing aids are the temporary solutions for people suffering from severe hearing loss. The current discoveries in gene therapy may provide a deeper understanding in essential genes for the inner ear regeneration. Stem cell migration, survival and differentiation to supporting cells, cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the important foundation in understanding stem cell therapy. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and placenta) could be used in inner ear therapy. Transplanted MSCs in the inner ear can recruit homing factors at the damaged sites to induce transdifferentiation into inner hair cells and ganglion neurons or regeneration of sensory hair cells, thus enhancing the cochlear function. This review summarizes the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells in hearing restoration and combining stem cell and molecular therapeutic strategies can also be used in the recovery of cochlear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Maharajan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Chang SY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation with a wavelength > 800 nm induces morphological changes in stem cells within otic organoids and scala media of the cochlea. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1917-1925. [PMID: 33604771 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic approach to certain diseases based on light energy. Currently, stem cells (SCs) are being considered as putative treatments for previously untreatable diseases. One medical condition that could be treated using SCs is sensorineural hearing loss. Theoretically, if properly delivered and differentiated, SCs could replace lost hair cells in the cochlea. However, this is not currently possible due to the structural complexity and limited survival of SCs within the cochlea. PBM facilitates SC differentiation into other target cells in multiple lineages. Using light with a wavelength > 800 nm, which can penetrate the inner ear through the tympanic membrane, we assessed morphological changes of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) during "otic organoid" generation, and within the scala media (SM) of the cochlea, after light energy stimulation. We observed enhanced differentiation, which was confirmed by an increased number of otic vesicles and increased cell attachment inside the SM. These results suggest that > 800-nm light affected the morphology of mESCs within otic organoids and SM of the cochlea. Based on our results, light energy could be used to enhance otic sensory differentiation, despite the structural complexity of the inner ear and limited survival time of SCs within the cochleae. Additional studies to refine the light energy delivery technology and maximize the effect on otic differentiation are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Zine A, Messat Y, Fritzsch B. A human induced pluripotent stem cell-based modular platform to challenge sensorineural hearing loss. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:697-706. [PMID: 33522002 PMCID: PMC8359331 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sense of hearing depends on a specialized sensory organ in the inner ear, called the cochlea, which contains the auditory hair cells (HCs). Noise trauma, infections, genetic factors, side effects of ototoxic drugs (ie, some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics), or simply aging lead to the loss of HCs and their associated primary neurons. This results in irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as in mammals, including humans; the inner ear lacks the capacity to regenerate HCs and spiral ganglion neurons. SNHL is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide and provides a growing concern in the aging population. To date, treatment options are limited to hearing aids and cochlear implants. A major bottleneck for development of new therapies for SNHL is associated to the lack of human otic cell bioassays. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be induced in two-dimensional and three-dimensional otic cells in vitro models that can generate inner ear progenitors and sensory HCs and could be a promising preclinical platform from which to work toward restoring SNHL. We review the potential applications of hiPSCs in the various biological approaches, including disease modeling, bioengineering, drug testing, and autologous stem cell based-cell therapy, that offer opportunities to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SNHL and identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azel Zine
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yassine Messat
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, CLAS, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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He L, Guo JY, Liu K, Wang GP, Gong SS. Research progress on flat epithelium of the inner ear. Physiol Res 2020; 69:775-785. [PMID: 32901490 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo, resulting from lesions in the sensory epithelium of the inner ear, have a high incidence worldwide. The sensory epithelium of the inner ear may exhibit extreme degeneration and is transformed to flat epithelium (FE) in humans and mice with profound sensorineural hearing loss and/or vertigo. Various factors, including ototoxic drugs, noise exposure, aging, and genetic defects, can induce FE. Both hair cells and supporting cells are severely damaged in FE, and the normal cytoarchitecture of the sensory epithelium is replaced by a monolayer of very thin, flat cells of irregular contour. The pathophysiologic mechanism of FE is unclear but involves robust cell division. The cellular origin of flat cells in FE is heterogeneous; they may be transformed from supporting cells that have lost some features of supporting cells (dedifferentiation) or may have migrated from the flanking region. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition may play an important role in this process. The treatment of FE is challenging given the severe degeneration and loss of both hair cells and supporting cells. Cochlear implant or vestibular prosthesis implantation, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy show promise for the treatment of FE, although many challenges remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. ,
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Waqas M, Us-Salam I, Bibi Z, Wang Y, Li H, Zhu Z, He S. Stem Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches to Restore Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mammals. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8829660. [PMID: 32802037 PMCID: PMC7416290 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8829660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair cells that reside in the cochlear sensory epithelium are the fundamental sensory structures responsible for understanding the mechanical sound waves evoked in the environment. The intense damage to these sensory structures may result in permanent hearing loss. The present strategies to rehabilitate the hearing function include either hearing aids or cochlear implants that may recover the hearing capability of deaf patients to a limited extent. Therefore, much attention has been paid on developing regenerative therapies to regenerate/replace the lost hair cells to treat the damaged cochlear sensory epithelium. The stem cell therapy is a promising approach to develop the functional hair cells and neuronal cells from endogenous and exogenous stem cell pool to recover hearing loss. In this review, we specifically discuss the potential of different kinds of stem cells that hold the potential to restore sensorineural hearing loss in mammals and comprehensively explain the current therapeutic applications of stem cells in both the human and mouse inner ear to regenerate/replace the lost hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, China
| | - Iram Us-Salam
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongshou Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University (Ningde Institute of Otolaryngology), Ningde, Fujian 352100, China
| | - Shuangba He
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, China
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Durán-Alonso MB. Stem cell-based approaches: Possible route to hearing restoration? World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:422-437. [PMID: 32742560 PMCID: PMC7360988 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabling hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disability worldwide. It affects around 466 million people and its incidence is expected to rise to around 900 million people by 2050, according to World Health Organization estimates. Most cases of hearing impairment are due to the degeneration of hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea, mechano-receptors that transduce incoming sound information into electrical signals that are sent to the brain. Damage to these cells is mainly caused by exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics and to some anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin, loud sounds, age, infections and genetic mutations. Hearing deficits may also result from damage to the spiral ganglion neurons that innervate cochlear HCs. Differently from what is observed in avian and non-mammalian species, there is no regeneration of missing sensory cell types in the adult mammalian cochlea, what makes hearing loss an irreversible process. This review summarizes the research that has been conducted with the aim of developing cell-based strategies that lead to sensory cell replacement in the adult cochlea and, ultimately, to hearing restoration. Two main lines of research are discussed, one directed toward the transplantation of exogenous replacement cells into the damaged tissue, and another that aims at reactivating the regenerative potential of putative progenitor cells in the adult inner ear. Results from some of the studies that have been conducted are presented and the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches discussed.
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Using Sox2 to alleviate the hallmarks of age-related hearing loss. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101042. [PMID: 32173536 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory deficit. ARHL reduces the quality of life of the growing population, setting seniors up for the enhanced mental decline. The size of the needy population, the structural deficit, and a likely research strategy for effective treatment of chronic neurosensory hearing in the elderly are needed. Although there has been profound advancement in auditory regenerative research, there remain multiple challenges to restore hearing loss. Thus, additional investigations are required, using novel tools. We propose how the (1) flat epithelium, remaining after the organ of Corti has deteriorated, can be converted to the repaired-sensory epithelium, using Sox2. This will include (2) developing an artificial gene regulatory network transmitted by (3) large viral vectors to the flat epithelium to stimulate remnants of the organ of Corti to restore hair cells. We hope to unite with our proposal toward the common goal, eventually restoring a functional human hearing organ by transforming the flat epithelial cells left after the organ of Corti loss.
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Stem-cell therapy for hearing loss: are we there yet? Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 85:520-529. [PMID: 31186186 PMCID: PMC9443044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mammalian hair cells and auditory neurons do not show regenerative capacity. Hence, damage to these cell types is permanent and leads to hearing loss. However, there is no treatment that re-establishes auditory function. Regenerative therapies using stem cells represent a promising alternative. Objective This article aims to review the current literature about the main types of stem cells with potential for application in cell therapy for sensorineural hearing loss, the most relevant experiments already performed in animals, as well as the advances that have been recently made in the field. Methods Research included the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct and SciELO, as well as gray literature. Search strategy included the following main terms: “stem cells”, “hair cells” and “auditory neurons”. Additionally, the main terms were combined with the following secondary terms: “mesenchymal”, “iPS”, “inner ear”, “auditory”. The research was conducted independently by three researchers. Results Differentiation of stem cells into hair cells and auditory neurons has a high success rate, reaching up to 82% for the first and 100% for the latter. Remarkably, these differentiated cells are able to interact with hair cells and auditory neurons of cochlear explants through formation of new synapses. When transplanted into the cochlea of animals with hearing loss, auditory restoration has been documented to date only in deafferented animals. Conclusion Advances have been more prominent in cases of auditory neuropathy, since partial improvement of auditory nerve conditions through cell-based therapy may increase the number of patients who can successfully receive cochlear implants.
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Abd El Raouf HHH, Galhom RA, Ali MHM, Nasr El-Din WA. Harderian gland-derived stem cells as a cytotherapy in a guinea pig model of carboplatin-induced hearing loss. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 98:139-152. [PMID: 31047945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells therapy of hearing loss is a challenging field due to lacking self-regenerative capacity of cochlea. Harderian gland of guinea pigs was thought to harbour a unique type of progenitors which could restore the damaged cochlear tissues. THE AIM of this study was to isolate Harderian gland derived stem cells (HG-SCs) and investigate their efficacy in restoring the damaged cochlear tissue in carboplatin-induced hearing loss. METHODOLOGY Sixty female and 10 male pigmented guinea pigs were used; the male animals were HG-SCs donors, while the females were assigned into 3 groups; control, hearing loss (HL) and HG-SC-treated groups. Auditory reflexes were assessed throughout the study. The animals were euthanized 35 days after HG-SCs transplantation, the cochleae were extracted and processed for assessment by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Morphometric assessment of stria vascularis thickness, hair cells and spiral ganglia neuronal number and optical density of TLR4 expression were done. RESULTS The isolated HG-SCs had the same morphological and phenotypical character as mesenchymal stem cells. HL group revealed destruction of organ of Corti, stria vascularis and spiral ganglion with decreased morphometric parameters. Restoration of both cochlear structure and function was observed in HG-SC-treated group along with a significant increase in IHCs, OHCs numbers, stria vascularis thickness and spiral ganglionic cell count to be close to the values of control group. CONCLUSION The isolated HG-SCs were proved to restore structure and function of cochlea in guinea pig model of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania A Galhom
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mona H Mohammed Ali
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Amin Nasr El-Din
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Anatomy Department, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Engraftment of Human Stem Cell-Derived Otic Progenitors in the Damaged Cochlea. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1101-1113. [PMID: 31005598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of sensorineural deafness are caused by degeneration of hair cells. Although stem/progenitor cell therapy is becoming a promising treatment strategy in a variety of organ systems, cell engraftment in the adult mammalian cochlea has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we generated human otic progenitor cells (hOPCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro and identified these cells by the expression of known otic markers. We showed successful cell transplantation of iPSC-derived-hOPCs in an in vivo adult guinea pig model of ototoxicity. The delivered hOPCs migrated throughout the cochlea, engrafted in non-sensory regions, and survived up to 4 weeks post-transplantation. Some of the engrafted hOPCs responded to environmental cues within the cochlear sensory epithelium and displayed molecular features of early sensory differentiation. We confirmed these results with hair cell progenitors derived from Atoh1-GFP mice as donor cells. These mouse otic progenitors transplanted using the same in vivo delivery system migrated into damaged cochlear sensory epithelium and adopted a partial sensory cell fate. This is the first report of the survival and differentiation of hOPCs in ototoxic-injured mature cochlear epithelium, and it should stimulate further research into cell-based therapies for treatment of deafness.
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Chen J, Hong F, Zhang C, Li L, Wang C, Shi H, Fu Y, Wang J. Differentiation and transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived otic epithelial progenitors in mouse cochlea. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:230. [PMID: 30157937 PMCID: PMC6116394 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inner ear hair cells as mechanoreceptors are extremely important for hearing. Defects in hair cells are a major cause of deafness. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are promising for regenerating inner ear hair cells and treating hearing loss. Here, we investigated migration, differentiation, and synaptic connections of transplanted otic epithelial progenitors (OEPs) derived from human iPSCs in mouse cochlea. Methods Human urinary cells isolated from a healthy donor were reprogramed to form iPSCs that were induced to differentiate into OEPs and hair cell-like cells. Immunocytochemistry, electrophysiological examination, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine characteristics of induced hair cell-like cells. OEP-derived hair cell-like cells were cocultured with spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and the markers of synaptic connections were detected using immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscope. In vivo, OEPs derived from iPSCs were transplanted into the cochlea of mice by injection through the round window. Migration, differentiation, and synaptic connections of transplanted cells were also examined by thin cochlear sectioning and immunohistochemistry. Results The induced hair cell-like cells displayed typical morphological characteristics and electrophysiological properties specific to inner hair cells. In vitro, OEP-derived hair cell-like cells formed synaptic connections with SGNs in coculture. In vivo, some of the transplanted cells migrated to the site of the resident hair cells in the organ of Corti, differentiated into hair cell-like cells, and formed synaptic connections with native SGNs. Conclusions We conclude that the transplantation of OEPs is feasible for the regeneration of hair cells. These results present a substantial reference for a cell-based therapy for the loss of hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haosong Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology, the Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Bin-Jiang Campus of Zhejiang University, No. 3333, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zi-Jin-Gang Campus of Zhejiang University, Room 307, No.866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Chang SY, Park YH, Carpena NT, Pham TT, Chung PS, Jung JY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation promotes adenoviral gene transduction in auditory cells. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:367-375. [PMID: 30105484 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the delivery of a therapeutic gene into target cells to treat disorders by replacing disease-causing mutated genes with healthy ones. Gene therapy of the inner ear has been recently described, with applications for sensorineural hearing loss. However, gene delivery to the location of the inner ear, and thus efficacy of therapy, is challenging. Photobiomodulation (PBM) with a low-level laser has been suggested to have a therapeutic effect and has the potential to augment gene therapy. To investigate whether PBM improves the rate of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated viral delivery, we compared low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and non-LLLT HEI-OC1 cells treated with an Ad viral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP). Cultured HEI-OC1 cells were divided into six groups: no treatment control, LLLT only, 1 μL Ad-GFP, 3 μL Ad-GFP, 1 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT, and 3 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT (LLLT: 808 nm at 15 mW for 15 min). Cells were irradiated twice: at 2 h and again at 24 h. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to statistically analyze differences between the control and treatment groups. The viral inoculations used in this study did not change the amount of viable HEI-OC1 cells (N = 4-8). The 1 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT and 3 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT groups showed an increased density of GFP-positive cells compared to 1 μL and 3 μL Ad-GFP cells (N = 5-8, 1 μL: p = 0.0159; 3 μL: p = 0.0168,). The quantitative analysis of the epifluorescence of the 1 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT, and 3 μL Ad-GFP + LLLT groups revealed increased GFP expression/cell compared to 1 μL and 3 μL Ad-GFP cells (N = 6-15, 1 μL: p = 0.0082; 3 μL: p = 0.0012). The RT-qPCR results were consistent (N = 4-5, p = 0.0159). These findings suggest that PBM may enhance the gene delivery of Ad-mediated viral transduction, and the combination of the two may be a promising tool for gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nathaniel T Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Tiffany T Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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16
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Takeda H, Dondzillo A, Randall JA, Gubbels SP. Challenges in Cell-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Hearing Loss. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:823-837. [PMID: 30033182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss in mammals is an irreversible process caused by degeneration of the hair cells of the inner ear. Current therapies for hearing loss include hearing aids and cochlear implants that provide substantial benefits to most patients, but also have several shortcomings. There is great interest in the development of regenerative therapies to treat deafness in the future. Cell-based therapies, based either on adult, multipotent stem, or other types of pluripotent cells, offer promise for generating differentiated cell types to replace lost or damaged hair cells of the inner ear. In this review, we focus on the methods proposed and avenues for research that seem the most promising for stem cell-based auditory sensory cell regeneration, from work collected over the past 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Anna Dondzillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jessica A Randall
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Lee MY, Park YH. Potential of Gene and Cell Therapy for Inner Ear Hair Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8137614. [PMID: 30009175 PMCID: PMC6020521 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8137614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by the loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) or a damaged afferent nerve pathway to the auditory cortex. The most common option for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss is hearing rehabilitation using hearing devices. Various kinds of hearing devices are available but, despite recent advancements, their perceived sound quality does not mimic that of the "naïve" cochlea. Damage to crucial cochlear structures is mostly irreversible and results in permanent hearing loss. Cochlear HC regeneration has long been an important goal in the field of hearing research. However, it remains challenging because, thus far, no medical treatment has successfully regenerated cochlear HCs. Recent advances in genetic modulation and developmental techniques have led to novel approaches to generating HCs or protecting against HC loss, to preserve hearing. In this review, we present and review the current status of two different approaches to restoring or protecting hearing, gene therapy, including the newly introduced CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and stem cell therapy, and suggest the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Abstract
Drug delivery to the inner ear is an ideal method to treat a wide variety of otologic conditions. A broad range of potential applications is just beginning to be explored. New approaches combine principles of inner ear pharmacokinetics with emerging technologies of drug delivery including novel delivery systems, drug-device combinations, and new categories of drugs. Strategies include cell-specific targeting, manipulation of gene expression, local activation following systemic delivery, and use of stem cells, viral vectors, and gene editing systems. Translation of these therapies to the clinic remains challenging given the potential risks of intracochlear and intralabyrinthine trauma, our limited understanding of the etiologies of particular inner ear disorders, and paucity of accurate diagnostic tools at the cellular level. This review provides an overview of future methods, delivery systems, disease targets, and clinical considerations required for translation to clinical medicine.
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19
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Gao J, Wang S, Tang Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Gao Z, Yang H, Zhao RC. In Vitro Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Enhanced in Artificial Endolymph with Moderately High Concentrations of Potassium. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:658-670. [PMID: 29631482 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for inner ear hair cell regeneration, to date, there have been no convincing reports indicating whether MSCs can survive in the cochlea for more than a few weeks, as the high levels of potassium (K+) in the endolymph (EL) are thought to be toxic to transplanted stem cells. For conditioning the EL for MSC transplantation, we conducted this in vitro study to examine the effects of artificial EL with altered K+ concentration levels, in the range of 5-153.8 mM, on proliferation, apoptosis, and morphological changes in MSCs derived from various human tissues. Our findings demonstrate that altering the K+ concentration in artificial EL could significantly influence the survival of MSCs in vitro. We discovered that K+ concentrations of 55-130 mM in artificial EL could enhance the survival of MSCs in vitro. However, MSCs exhibited reduced proliferation regardless of K+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wang
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Wang GP, Basu I, Beyer LA, Wong HT, Swiderski DL, Gong SS, Raphael Y. Severe streptomycin ototoxicity in the mouse utricle leads to a flat epithelium but the peripheral neural degeneration is delayed. Hear Res 2017; 355:33-41. [PMID: 28931463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The damaged vestibular sensory epithelium of mammals has a limited capacity for spontaneous hair cell regeneration, which largely depends on the transdifferentiation of surviving supporting cells. Little is known about the response of vestibular supporting cells to a severe insult. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of a severe ototoxic insult on the histology of utricular supporting cells and the changes in innervation that ensued. We infused a high dose of streptomycin into the mouse posterior semicircular canal to induce a severe lesion in the utricle. Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of plastic sections showed replacement of the normal cytoarchitecture of the epithelial layer with a flat layer of cells in most of the samples. Immunofluorescence staining showed numerous cells in the severely damaged epithelial layer that were negative for hair cell and supporting cell markers. Nerve fibers under the flat epithelium had high density at the 1 month time point but very low density by 3 months. Similarly, the number of vestibular ganglion neurons was unchanged at 1 month after the lesion, but was significantly lower at 3 months. We therefore determined that the mouse utricular epithelium turns into a flat epithelium after a severe lesion, but the degeneration of neural components is slow, suggesting that treatments to restore balance by hair cell regeneration, stem cell therapy or vestibular prosthesis implantation will likely benefit from the short term preservation of the neural substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Peng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ishani Basu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hiu Tung Wong
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shu-Sheng Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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21
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Warnecke A, Mellott AJ, Römer A, Lenarz T, Staecker H. Advances in translational inner ear stem cell research. Hear Res 2017; 353:76-86. [PMID: 28571616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research is expanding our understanding of developmental biology as well as promising the development of new therapies for a range of different diseases. Within hearing research, the use of stem cells has focused mainly on cell replacement. Stem cells however have a broad range of other potential applications that are just beginning to be explored in the ear. Mesenchymal stem cells are an adult derived stem cell population that have been shown to produce growth factors, modulate the immune system and can differentiate into a wide variety of tissue types. Potential advantages of mesenchymal/adult stem cells are that they have no ethical constraints on their use. However, appropriate regulatory oversight seems necessary in order to protect patients from side effects. Disadvantages may be the lack of efficacy in many preclinical studies. But if proven safe and efficacious, they are easily translatable to clinical trials. The current review will focus on the potential application on mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ariane Römer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" of the German Research Foundation, Germany
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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22
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Lee MY, Hackelberg S, Green KL, Lunghamer KG, Kurioka T, Loomis BR, Swiderski DL, Duncan RK, Raphael Y. Survival of human embryonic stem cells implanted in the guinea pig auditory epithelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46058. [PMID: 28387239 PMCID: PMC5384248 DOI: 10.1038/srep46058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells in the mature cochlea cannot spontaneously regenerate. One potential approach for restoring hair cells is stem cell therapy. However, when cells are transplanted into scala media (SM) of the cochlea, they promptly die due to the high potassium concentration. We previously described a method for conditioning the SM to make it more hospitable to implanted cells and showed that HeLa cells could survive for up to a week using this method. Here, we evaluated the survival of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) constitutively expressing GFP (H9 Cre-LoxP) in deaf guinea pig cochleae that were pre-conditioned to reduce potassium levels. GFP-positive cells could be detected in the cochlea for at least 7 days after the injection. The cells appeared spherical or irregularly shaped, and some were aggregated. Flushing SM with sodium caprate prior to transplantation resulted in a lower proportion of stem cells expressing the pluripotency marker Oct3/4 and increased cell survival. The data demonstrate that conditioning procedures aimed at transiently reducing the concentration of potassium in the SM facilitate survival of hESCs for at least one week. During this time window, additional procedures can be applied to initiate the differentiation of the implanted hESCs into new hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &Neck Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Sandra Hackelberg
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Kari L Green
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Kelly G Lunghamer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Takaomi Kurioka
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Benjamin R Loomis
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - R Keith Duncan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB-3, Rm. 9301 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648, USA
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23
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Cristóbal Maass J, Hanuch F, Ormazábal M. AVANCES EN REGENERACIÓN AUDITIVA. ESTADO ACTUAL Y PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Tang ZH, Chen JR, Zheng J, Shi HS, Ding J, Qian XD, Zhang C, Chen JL, Wang CC, Li L, Chen JZ, Yin SK, Huang TS, Chen P, Guan MX, Wang JF. Genetic Correction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From a Deaf Patient With MYO7A Mutation Results in Morphologic and Functional Recovery of the Derived Hair Cell-Like Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:561-71. [PMID: 27013738 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The genetic correction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) induced from somatic cells of patients with sensorineural hearing loss (caused by hereditary factors) is a promising method for its treatment. The correction of gene mutations in iPSCs could restore the normal function of cells and provide a rich source of cells for transplantation. In the present study, iPSCs were generated from a deaf patient with compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations (c.1184G>A and c.4118C>T; P-iPSCs), the asymptomatic father of the patient (MYO7A c.1184G>A mutation; CF-iPSCs), and a normal donor (MYO7A(WT/WT); C-iPSCs). One of MYO7A mutation sites (c.4118C>T) in the P-iPSCs was corrected using CRISPR/Cas9. The corrected iPSCs (CP-iPSCs) retained cell pluripotency and normal karyotypes. Hair cell-like cells induced from CP-iPSCs showed restored organization of stereocilia-like protrusions; moreover, the electrophysiological function of these cells was similar to that of cells induced from C-iPSCs and CF-iPSCs. These results might facilitate the development of iPSC-based gene therapy for genetic disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from a deaf patient with compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations (c.1184G>A and c.4118C>T). One of the MYO7A mutation sites (c.4118C>T) in the iPSCs was corrected using CRISPR/Cas9. The genetic correction of MYO7A mutation resulted in morphologic and functional recovery of hair cell-like cells derived from iPSCs. These findings confirm the hypothesis that MYO7A plays an important role in the assembly of stereocilia into stereociliary bundles. Thus, the present study might provide further insight into the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies against monogenic disease through the genetic repair of patient-specific iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Tang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Song Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Qian
- The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Zhen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Wenling People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Kai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao-Sheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Gillespie LN, Richardson RT, Nayagam BA, Wise AK. Treating hearing disorders with cell and gene therapy. J Neural Eng 2015; 11:065001. [PMID: 25420002 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/6/065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an increasing problem for a substantial number of people and, with an aging population, the incidence and severity of hearing loss will become more significant over time. There are very few therapies currently available to treat hearing loss, and so the development of new therapeutic strategies for hearing impaired individuals is of paramount importance to address this unmet clinical need. Most forms of hearing loss are progressive in nature and therefore an opportunity exists to develop novel therapeutic approaches to slow or halt hearing loss progression, or even repair or replace lost hearing function. Numerous emerging technologies have potential as therapeutic options. This paper details the potential of cell- and gene-based therapies to provide therapeutic agents to protect sensory and neural cells from various insults known to cause hearing loss; explores the potential of replacing lost sensory and nerve cells using gene and stem cell therapy; and describes the considerations for clinical translation and the challenges that need to be overcome.
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Park YH. Stem Cell Therapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Still Alive? J Audiol Otol 2015; 19:63-7. [PMID: 26413570 PMCID: PMC4582452 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2015.19.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the auditory system, which includes the cochlea, has a very complex structure harboring many types of cells performing different functions. Among these cells are the auditory hair cells (HCs), which are terminally and well differentiated unique cells which have lost their regenerative potential after development. The auditory HCs are easily damaged by aging as well as during episodes of ototoxicity and acoustic trauma. HCs damages typically occur in the early stage of injury and can result a permanent hearing loss. Recently, there have been tremendous developments from stem cells (SCs) research involving sensorineural hearing loss, but several limitations and obstacles persist in allowing these developments from continuing onto clinical applications. This review discusses the recent advances in SC research in sensorineural hearing loss with the subsequent sections discussing the possible hurdles and limitations that currently preclude their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Ototoxicity-induced loss of hearing and inner hair cells is attenuated by HSP70 gene transfer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15019. [PMID: 26029729 PMCID: PMC4445521 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The most common reason for sensorineural deafness is death of hair cells (HCs). Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that participate in folding, targeting, and degrading proteins. HSP expression is increased in response to various environmental stresses to protect cells from damage. Here, we tested whether viral-mediated overexpression of HSP70 can protect HCs and hearing from severe ototoxicity (kanamycin and furosemide) in guinea pigs. Adenovirus-HSP70 mCherry (Ad.HSP70-mCherry) was injected to experimental animals and adenovirus-mCherry to controls, 4 days before the ototoxic insult. Hearing thresholds were measured by auditory brainstem response before the insult and again before sacrificing the animals, 14 days after the insult. Epi-fluorescence immunocytochemistry showed that injection of Ad.HSP70-mCherry resulted in mCherry fluorescence in nonsensory cells of the organ of Corti. The ototoxic insult eliminated both outer HCs and inner HCs throughout most of the cochlea of control (adenovirus-mCherry-injected) ears and contralateral (uninjected) ears. Ad.HSP70-mCherry-injected ears exhibited a significant preservation of inner HCs compared to control and contralateral ears, but outer HCs were not protected. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were significantly better in Ad.HSP70-mCherry-injected ears than in control and contralateral ears. Our data show that HSP70 augmentation may represent a potential therapy attenuating ototoxic inner HC loss.
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Mellott AJ, Devarajan K, Shinogle HE, Moore DS, Talata Z, Laurence JS, Forrest ML, Noji S, Tanaka E, Staecker H, Detamore MS. Nonviral Reprogramming of Human Wharton's Jelly Cells Reveals Differences Between ATOH1 Homologues. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1795-809. [PMID: 25760435 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) has multiple homologues that are functionally conserved across species and is responsible for the generation of sensory hair cells. To evaluate potential functional differences between homologues, human and mouse ATOH1 (HATH1 and MATH-1, respectively) were nonvirally delivered to human Wharton's jelly cells (hWJCs) for the first time. Delivery of HATH1 to hWJCs demonstrated superior expression of inner ear hair cell markers and characteristics than delivery of MATH-1. Inhibition of HES1 and HES5 signaling further increased the atonal effect. Transfection of hWJCs with HATH1 DNA, HES1 siRNA, and HES5 siRNA displayed positive identification of key hair cell and support cell markers found in the cochlea, as well as a variety of cell shapes, sizes, and features not native to hair cells, suggesting the need for further examination of other cell types induced by HATH1 expression. In the first side-by-side evaluation of HATH1 and MATH-1 in human cells, substantial differences were observed, suggesting that the two atonal homologues may not be interchangeable in human cells, and artificial expression of HATH1 in hWJCs requires further study. In the future, this line of research may lead to engineered systems that would allow for evaluation of drug ototoxicity or potentially even direct therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Mellott
- 1Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | - Heather E Shinogle
- 3Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Lab, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - David S Moore
- 3Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Lab, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Zsolt Talata
- 4Department of Mathematics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jennifer S Laurence
- 1Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - M Laird Forrest
- 1Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Sumihare Noji
- 6Department of Life Systems, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, Minami-Jyosanjima-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- 7Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hinrich Staecker
- 1Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,8Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael S Detamore
- 1Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,9Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans, with some estimates suggesting up to 300 million affected individuals worldwide. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to hearing loss and can cause death of sensory cells and neurons. Because these cells do not regenerate, the damage tends to accumulate, leading to profound deafness. Several biological strategies to restore auditory function are currently under investigation. Owing to the success of cochlear implants, which offer partial recovery of auditory function for some profoundly deaf patients, potential biological therapies must extend hearing restoration to include greater auditory acuity and larger patient populations. Here, we review the latest gene, stem-cell, and molecular strategies for restoring auditory function in animal models and the prospects for translating these approaches into viable clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle S G Géléoc
- Department of Otolaryngology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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