1
|
Ghiaci P, Jouhten P, Martyushenko N, Roca-Mesa H, Vázquez J, Konstantinidis D, Stenberg S, Andrejev S, Grkovska K, Mas A, Beltran G, Almaas E, Patil KR, Warringer J. Highly parallelized laboratory evolution of wine yeasts for enhanced metabolic phenotypes. Mol Syst Biol 2024:10.1038/s44320-024-00059-0. [PMID: 39174863 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-024-00059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) of microorganisms can improve the efficiency of sustainable industrial processes important to the global economy. However, stochasticity and genetic background effects often lead to suboptimal outcomes during laboratory evolution. Here we report an ALE platform to circumvent these shortcomings through parallelized clonal evolution at an unprecedented scale. Using this platform, we evolved 104 yeast populations in parallel from many strains for eight desired wine fermentation-related traits. Expansions of both ALE replicates and lineage numbers broadened the evolutionary search spectrum leading to improved wine yeasts unencumbered by unwanted side effects. At the genomic level, evolutionary gains in metabolic characteristics often coincided with distinct chromosome amplifications and the emergence of side-effect syndromes that were characteristic of each selection niche. Several high-performing ALE strains exhibited desired wine fermentation kinetics when tested in larger liquid cultures, supporting their suitability for application. More broadly, our high-throughput ALE platform opens opportunities for rapid optimization of microbes which otherwise could take many years to accomplish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Ghiaci
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 462, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
- Department of Biorefinery and Energy, High-throughput Centre, Research Institutes of Sweden, Örnsköldsvik, 89250, Sweden
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Paula Jouhten
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, 02044 VTT, Finland
- Aalto University, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Nikolay Martyushenko
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helena Roca-Mesa
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Jennifer Vázquez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Centro Tecnológico del Vino-VITEC, Carretera de Porrera Km. 1, Falset, 43730, Spain
| | | | - Simon Stenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 462, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Sergej Andrejev
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | | | - Albert Mas
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Gemma Beltran
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Dept. Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat d'Enologia, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Eivind Almaas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kiran R Patil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Jonas Warringer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 462, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoon S, Lee WH. Assessing potential European areas of Pierce's disease mediated by insect vectors by using spatial ensemble model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1209694. [PMID: 37396635 PMCID: PMC10312007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1209694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Pierce's disease (PD) is a serious threat to grape production in Europe. This disease is caused by Xylella fastidiosa and is mediated by insect vectors, suggesting its high potential for spread and necessity for early monitoring. In this study, hence, potential distribution of Pierce's disease varied with climate change and was spatially evaluated in Europe using ensemble species distribution modeling. Two models of X. fastidiosa and three major insect vectors (Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris, and Cicadella viridis) were developed using CLIMEX and MaxEnt. The consensus areas of the disease and insect vectors, along with host distribution, were evaluated using ensemble mapping to identify high-risk areas for the disease. Our predictions showed that the Mediterranean region would be the most vulnerable to Pierce's disease, and the high-risk area would increase three-fold due to climate change under the influence of N. campestris distribution. This study demonstrated a methodology for species distribution modeling specific to diseases and vectors while providing results that could be used for monitoring Pierce's disease by simultaneously considering the disease agent, vectors, and host distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Yoon
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Hee Lee
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perpetuini G, Rossetti AP, Battistelli N, Zulli C, Piva A, Arfelli G, Corsetti A, Tofalo R. Contribution of Starmerella bacillaris and Oak Chips to Trebbiano d'Abruzzo Wine Volatile and Sensory Diversity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051102. [PMID: 36900619 PMCID: PMC10000971 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, six fermentation trials were carried out: co-inoculation and sequential inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Starmerella bacillaris in the presence and absence of oak chips. Moreover, Starm. bacillaris strain was attached to the oak chips and co-inoculated or sequentially inoculated with S. cerevisiae. Wines fermented with Starm. bacillaris adhered to oak chips showed a higher concentration of glycerol (more than 6 g/L) than the others (about 5 g/L). These wines also showed a higher content of polyphenols (more than 300 g/L) than the others (about 200 g/L). The addition of oak chips induced an increase of yellow color (b* value of about 3). Oak-treated wines were characterized by a higher concentration of higher alcohols, esters and terpenes. Aldehydes, phenols and lactones were detected only in these wines, independently from the inoculation strategy. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were also observed in the sensory profiles. The fruity, toasty, astringency, and vanilla sensations were perceived as more intense in wines treated with oak chips. The white flower descriptor showed a higher score in wines fermented without chips. Oak surface-adhered Starm. bacillaris cells could be a good strategy to improve the volatile and sensory profile of Trebbiano d'Abruzzo wines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perpetuini
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Pio Rossetti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Piva
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arfelli
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tofalo
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861-266943
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Determinants of Choice and Wine Consumption Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis between Two Counties of Romania. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081110. [PMID: 35454697 PMCID: PMC9026559 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine, one of the world’s oldest and most popular beverages, has a distinct variety matching a diverse base of consumers worldwide. The study was conducted in two counties of Romania in order to identify consumers’ perception towards wine consumption, as well as the driving factors behind wine consumption and the decision process of choosing a certain type of wine. Thus, four factors were identified through principal component analysis: intrinsic cues and consumers’ experience, extrinsic cues and origin, notoriety and the label and package of the wine, correlating them with the socio-demographic characteristics of our respondents. It might be concluded that the intrinsic cues and consumer experience ranked highest among the priorities of the participants between 35 and 45 years old when choosing a certain type of wine. Additionally, notoriety was more valued by people with higher income, and people with experience in the domain inclined to pay more for a bottle of wine.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ecogeographic Conditions Dramatically Affect Trans-Resveratrol and Other Major Phenolics’ Levels in Wine at a Semi-Arid Area. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050629. [PMID: 35270100 PMCID: PMC8912353 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Grapevines are susceptible and responsive to their surrounding environment. Factors such as climate region and terroir are known to affect polyphenolic compounds in wine and therefore, its quality. The uniqueness of the terroir in Israel is the variety of soil types and the climatic conditions, ranging from Mediterranean to arid climates. Thus, understanding the effects of climate on grapevine performance in Israel may be a test case for the effect of climate change on grapevine at other areas in the future. First, we present a preliminary survey (2012–2014) in different climate zones and terroirs, which showed that trans-resveratrol concentrations in Merlot and Shiraz were high, while those of Cabernet Sauvignon were significantly lower. A further comprehensive countrywide survey (2016) of Merlot wines from 62 vineyards (53 wineries) compared several phenolic compounds’ concentrations between five areas of different climate and terroir. Results show a connection between trans-resveratrol concentrations, variety, and terroir properties. Furthermore, we show that trans-resveratrol concentrations are strongly correlated to humidity levels at springtime, precipitation, and soil permeability. This work can be considered a glimpse into the possible alterations of wine composition in currently moderate-climate wine-growing areas.
Collapse
|
6
|
Šikuten I, Štambuk P, Karoglan Kontić J, Maletić E, Tomaz I, Preiner D. Optimization of SPME-Arrow-GC/MS Method for Determination of Free and Bound Volatile Organic Compounds from Grape Skins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237409. [PMID: 34885990 PMCID: PMC8659239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Solid phase microextraction (SPME)-Arrow is a new extraction technology recently employed in the analysis of volatiles in food materials. Grape volatile organic compounds (VOC) have a crucial role in the winemaking industry due to their sensory characteristics of wine.; (2) Methods: Box–Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were used to optimise SPME-Arrow conditions (extraction temperature, incubation time, exposure time, desorption time). Analyzed VOCs were free VOCs directly from grape skins and bound VOCs released from grape skins by acid hydrolysis.; (3) Results: The most significant factors were extraction temperature and exposure time for both free and bound VOCs. For both factors, an increase in their values positively affected the extraction efficiency for almost all classes of VOCs. For free VOCs, the optimum extraction conditions are: extraction temperature 60 °C, incubation time 20 min, exposure time 49 min, and desorption time 7 min, while for the bound VOCs are: extraction temperature 60 °C, incubation time 20 min, exposure time 60 min, desorption time 7 min.; (4) Conclusions: Application of the optimized method provides a powerful tool in the analysis of major classes of volatile organic compounds from grape skins, which can be applied to a large number of samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (J.K.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (D.P.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-01-4627977
| | - Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (J.K.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (D.P.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (J.K.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (D.P.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (J.K.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (D.P.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (J.K.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (D.P.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.Š.); (J.K.K.); (E.M.); (I.T.); (D.P.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Avital A, Muzika NS, Persky Z, Karny A, Bar G, Michaeli Y, Shklover J, Shainsky J, Weissman H, Shoseyov O, Schroeder A. Foliar Delivery of siRNA Particles for Treating Viral Infections in Agricultural Grapevines. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101003. [PMID: 34744552 PMCID: PMC7611933 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a globally spreading viral infection that causes major economic losses by reducing crop yield, plant longevity and berry quality, with no effective treatment. Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) is the most severe and prevalent GLD strain. Here, we evaluated the ability of RNA interference (RNAi), a non-GMO gene-silencing pathway, to treat GLRaV-3 in infected Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines. We synthesized lipid-modified polyethylenimine (lmPEI) as a carrier for long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA, 250-bp-long) that targets RNA polymerase and coat protein genes that are conserved in the GLRaV-3 genome. Self-assembled dsRNA-lmPEI particles, 220 nm in diameter, displayed inner ordered domains spaced 7.3±2 nm from one another, correlating to lmPEI wrapping spirally around the dsRNA. The particles effectively protected RNA from degradation by ribonucleases, and Europium-loaded particles applied to grapevine leaves were detected as far as 60-cm from the foliar application point. In three field experiments, a single dose of foliar administration knocked down GLRaV-3 titer, and multiple doses of the treatment kept the viral titer at baseline and triggered recovery of the vine and berries. This study demonstrates RNAi as a promising platform for treating viral diseases in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Avital
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Noy Sadot Muzika
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zohar Persky
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avishai Karny
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gili Bar
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuval Michaeli
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jeny Shklover
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Janna Shainsky
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Haim Weissman
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Awale M, Liu C, Kwasniewski MT. Workflow to Investigate Subtle Differences in Wine Volatile Metabolome Induced by Different Root Systems and Irrigation Regimes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196010. [PMID: 34641553 PMCID: PMC8512433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To allow for a broad survey of subtle metabolic shifts in wine caused by rootstock and irrigation, an integrated metabolomics-based workflow followed by quantitation was developed. This workflow was particularly useful when applied to a poorly studied red grape variety cv. Chambourcin. Allowing volatile metabolites that otherwise may have been missed with a targeted analysis to be included, this approach allowed deeper modeling of treatment differences which then could be used to identify important compounds. Wines produced on a per vine basis, over two years, were analyzed using SPME-GC-MS/MS. From the 382 and 221 features that differed significantly among rootstocks in 2017 and 2018, respectively, we tentatively identified 94 compounds by library search and retention index, with 22 confirmed and quantified using authentic standards. Own-rooted Chambourcin differed from other root systems for multiple volatile compounds with fewer differences among grafted vines. For example, the average concentration of β-Damascenone present in own-rooted vines (9.49 µg/L) was significantly lower in other rootstocks (8.59 µg/L), whereas mean Linalool was significantly higher in 1103P rootstock compared to own-rooted. β-Damascenone was higher in regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) than other treatments. The approach outlined not only was shown to be useful for scientific investigation, but also in creating a protocol for analysis that would ensure differences of interest to the industry are not missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mani Awale
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Connie Liu
- Food Science Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Misha T. Kwasniewski
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Food Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Science Department, University of Missouri-Columbia, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-865-6842
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carrau F, Henschke PA. Hanseniaspora vineae and the Concept of Friendly Yeasts to Increase Autochthonous Wine Flavor Diversity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702093. [PMID: 34421859 PMCID: PMC8371320 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we will explain the concept of “friendly” yeasts for developing wine starters that do not suppress desirable native microbial flora at the initial steps of fermentation, as what usually happens with Saccharomyces strains. Some non-Saccharomyces strains might allow the development of yeast consortia with the native terroir microflora of grapes and its region. The positive contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeasts was underestimated for decades. Avoiding them as spoilage strains and off-flavor producers was the main objective in winemaking. It is understandable, as in our experience after more than 30 years of wine yeast selection, it was shown that no more than 10% of the isolated native strains were positive contributors of superior flavors. Some species that systematically gave desirable flavors during these screening processes were Hanseniaspora vineae and Metschnikowia fructicola. In contrast to the latter, H. vineae is an active fermentative species, and this fact helped to build an improved juice ecosystem, avoiding contaminations of aerobic bacteria and yeasts. Furthermore, this species has a complementary secondary metabolism with S. cerevisiae, increasing flavor complexity with benzenoid and phenylpropanoid synthetic pathways practically inexistent in conventional yeast starters. How does H. vineae share the fermentation niche with other yeast strains? It might be due to the friendly conditions it creates, such as ideal low temperatures and low nitrogen demand during fermentation, reduced synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids, and a rich acetylation capacity of aromatic higher alcohols, well-known inhibitors of many yeasts. We will discuss here how inoculation of H. vineae strains can give the winemaker an opportunity to develop ideal conditions for flavor expression of the microbial terroir without the risk of undesirable strains that can result from spontaneous yeast fermentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carrau
- Área Enología y Biotecnología de Fermentaciones, Departamento Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paul A Henschke
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen L, Darriet P. Strategies for the identification and sensory evaluation of volatile constituents in wine. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4549-4583. [PMID: 34370385 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wine aroma, which stems from complex perceptual and cognitive processes, is initially driven by a multitude of naturally occurring volatile constituents. Its interpretation depends on the characterization of relevant volatile constituents. With large numbers of volatile constituents already identified, the search for unknown volatiles in wine has become increasingly challenging. However, the opportunities to discover unknown volatile compounds contributing to the wine volatilome are still of great interest, as demonstrated by the recent identification of highly odorous trace (µg/L) to ultra-trace (ng/L) volatile compounds in wine. This review provides an overview of both existing strategies and future directions on identifying unknown volatile constituents in wine. Chemical identification, including sample extraction, fractionation, gas chromatography, olfactometry, and mass spectrometry, is comprehensively covered. In addition, this review also focuses on aspects related to sensory-guided wine selection, authentic reference standards, artifacts and interferences, and the evaluation of the sensory significance of discovered wine volatiles. Powerful key volatile odorants present at ultra-trace levels, for which these analytical approaches have been successfully applied, are discussed. Research areas where novel wine volatiles are likely to be identified are pointed out. The importance of perceptual interaction phenomena is emphasized. Finally, future avenues for the exploration of yet unknown wine volatiles by coupling analytical approaches and sensory evaluation are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Université de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherche Œnologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRAE, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Xu Y, Tang K. Aroma of Icewine: A Review on How Environmental, Viticultural, and Oenological Factors Affect the Aroma of Icewine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6943-6957. [PMID: 34143625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aroma of a wine is mostly driven by not only the factors in the vineyard, such as the grape variety and harvest time, but also the fermentation process. Icewine is a unique, intensely sweet wine made from late harvested grapes that have frozen naturally on the vine. Different from normal table wines, the grapes used in icewine naturally undergo a dehydration process and freeze-thaw cycles, and the must for icewine making has to be pressed from frozen grapes. This pressing process leaves water behind as ice crystals and allows the grape juice to be concentrated with more sugars, acids, and other dissolved solids, resulting in a slower than normal fermentation. These special procedures can lead to a unique aroma characteristic of icewine. This review delves into recent advances in chemical compounds related to icewine aroma characteristics and addresses how changes in these aroma characteristics and composition are influenced by environmental, viticultural, and oenological factors in the vineyard and winery. Deficiencies in previous studies and future trends related to the flavor science of icewine were also briefly addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, INRAE, CNRS, AgroSup Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roudil L, Russo P, Berbegal C, Albertin W, Spano G, Capozzi V. Non-Saccharomyces Commercial Starter Cultures: Scientific Trends, Recent Patents and Innovation in the Wine Sector. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2021; 11:27-39. [PMID: 30706832 DOI: 10.2174/2212798410666190131103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For 15 years, non-Saccharomyces starter cultures represent a new interesting segment in the dynamic field of multinationals and national companies that develop and sell microbial-based biotechnological solutions for the wine sector. Although the diversity and the properties of non- Saccharomyces species/strains have been recently fully reviewed, less attention has been deserved to the commercial starter cultures in term of scientific findings, patents, and their innovative applications. Considering the potential reservoir of biotechnological innovation, these issues represent an underestimated possible driver of coordination and harmonization of research and development activities in the field of wine microbiology. After a wide survey, we encompassed 26 different commercial yeasts starter cultures formulated in combination with at least one non-Saccharomyces strain. The most recent scientific advances have been explored delving into the oenological significance of these commercial starter cultures. Finally, we propose an examination of patent literature for the main yeasts species commercialised in non-Saccharomyces based products. We highlight the presence of asymmetries among scientific findings and the number of patents concerning non-Saccharomyces-based commercial products for oenological purposes. Further investigations on these microbial resources might open new perspectives and stimulate attractive innovations in the field of wine-making biotechnologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Roudil
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.,Unite de Recherche OEnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ENSCBP Bordeaux INP, Universite de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmen Berbegal
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.,Enolab. Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología i Biomedicina (ERIBioTecMed), Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50 E46100, Burjassot-València, Spain
| | - Warren Albertin
- Unite de Recherche OEnologie EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, ENSCBP Bordeaux INP, Universite de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Due to socioeconomic changes, the demand for and interest in alcoholic beverages have recently been increasing. Among various alcoholic drinks, consumer preference for wine could be varied. It might be related with its complexity, as wine is known to have characteristics that are difficult to understand. Several factors, such as intrinsic or extrinsic factors interact to influence wine complexity and consumer perception. Many studies have been conducted to understand the complexity of wine, allowing deeper insight into its perception by consumers. Studies over the last decade on wine sensory perception using descriptive analysis and consumer tests were reviewed. Additionally, chemical analysis studies were included because flavor constituents information would contribute to a better understanding of sensory perception. Descriptive sensory analysis of wine was reviewed considering panels and flavor characterization for better understanding wine-related research. Several consumer studies regarding liking/preference, emotion, context, and extrinsic factors to understand consumer preference or perception were reviewed. Research on chemical constituents may affect consumer perception and is thus presented in this review. However, most of the research was focused on a narrow range of wine, thus is missing overall wine category evaluations. Furthermore, evaluations were mainly in wine-producing countries, resulting in limited understanding of an emergent market. This review will help guide wine researchers and industry by providing information on factors influencing consumer wine perception.
Collapse
|
14
|
Social Economy, Environmental Proactivity, Eco-Innovation and Performance in the Spanish Wine Sector. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12155908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Concerned about climate change, cooperatives in the wine sector are beginning to adapt their strategies, guided by cooperative principles that encompass high social responsibility and the pursuit of community values. In this context and focused on the analysis of the decisions that drive firms to be more environmentally sustainable, our goal is twofold. On the one hand, we wish to examine whether there exist differences between cooperative and non-cooperative firms as regards their environmental proactivity. On the other hand, we hope to demonstrate the diversity of behaviors within the category of cooperative firms, identifying the possible patterns of environmental proactivity in Spanish cooperatives in the wine sector. We first conducted a difference of means t-test for independent samples (n = 251; sampled in 2017)—cooperatives (51) vs. non cooperative firms (200)- and then a two-stage cluster analysis and a subsequent variance analysis, using SPSS 24. Our results show no significant differences between cooperative and non-cooperative firms concerning their environmental behavior and underlines the diversity within the cooperatives in the wine sector as regards their environmental proactivity, revealing the existence of proactive, preventive and activist patterns of behavior. These patterns also show differences in the motivations for their environmental behaviors and their assessment of financial performance.
Collapse
|
15
|
PTR-ToF-MS for the Online Monitoring of Alcoholic Fermentation in Wine: Assessment of VOCs Variability Associated with Different Combinations of Saccharomyces/Non-Saccharomyces as a Case-Study. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of the alcoholic fermentation (AF) in wine is crucial to shaping product quality. Numerous variables (e.g., grape varieties, yeast species/strains, technological parameters) can affect the performances of this fermentative bioprocess. The fact that these variables are often interdependent, with a high degree of interaction, leads to a huge ‘oenological space’ associated with AF that scientists and professionals have explored to obtain the desired quality standards in wine and to promote innovation. This challenge explains the high interest in approaches tested to monitor this bioprocess including those using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as target molecules. Among direct injection mass spectrometry approaches, no study has proposed an untargeted online investigation of the diversity of volatiles associated with the wine headspace. This communication proposed the first application of proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometry coupled to a time-of-flight mass analyzer (PTR-ToF-MS) to follow the progress of AF and evaluate the impact of the different variables of wine quality. As a case study, the assessment of VOC variability associated with different combinations of Saccharomyces/non-Saccharomyces was selected. The different combinations of microbial resources in wine are among the main factors susceptible to influencing the content of VOCs associated with the wine headspaces. In particular, this investigation explored the effect of multiple combinations of two Saccharomyces strains and two non-Saccharomyces strains (belonging to the species Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii) on the content of VOCs in wine, inoculated both in commercial grape juice and fresh grape must. The results demonstrated the possible exploitation of non-invasive PTR-ToF-MS monitoring to explore, using VOCs as biomarkers, (i) the huge number of variables influencing AF in wine, and (ii) applications of single/mixed starter cultures in wine. Reported preliminary findings underlined the presence of different behaviors on grape juice and on must, respectively, and confirmed differences among the single yeast strains ‘volatomes’. It was one of the first studies to include the simultaneous inoculation on two non-Saccharomyces species together with a S. cerevisiae strain in terms of VOC contribution. Among the other outcomes, evidence suggests that the addition of M. pulcherrima to the coupled S. cerevisiae/T. delbrueckii can modify the global release of volatiles as a function of the characteristics of the fermented matrix.
Collapse
|
16
|
Farming System Transformation Impacts on Landscape: A Case Study on Quality Wine Production in a Highly Contested Agricultural Landscape. LAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/land9040120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an attempt to synthesize the conclusions of a series of consecutive research projects along a common thread. It focuses on the landscape impacts of a gradual transformation undergone by a low input and bulk wine producing system into a quality wine system. This transformation took place on the island of Santorini, in Cyclades, Greece, during the last four decades in a highly contested landscape. A polarization in the power game has been identified, with two poles having different priorities and perceptions about the two issues at stake: agricultural landscape and wine quality. In the course of this process, both synergistic and antagonistic transition dynamics are encountered, transforming significantly the balance of driving forces. Our analysis suggests that market forces influenced landscape change to a far greater degree than policy measures implemented on the island. Developments in the international markets for tourism and quality wine have played a crucial role in land use change and farming intensity. Public intervention in the form of both regulatory land use planning policy and incentive measures like Rural Development Policy, including an agri-environmental measure, targeted to the vineyards of Santorini, did not seem to have an equally important impact. Integration of landscape maintenance practices within the wine quality regime could create beneficial synergies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cunha M, Richter C. Climate-induced cyclical properties of regional wine production using a time-frequency approach in Douro and Minho Wine Regions. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2020; 35:16-29. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/20203501016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate on wine production (WP) temporal cycles in Douro (DR) and Vinhos Verdes (VVR) wine regions for a period of about 80 years, characterized by strong technological trend and climate variability, was modelled. The cyclical properties of WP, and which cycles are determined by spring temperature (ST) and soil water during summer (SW), were identified. It was achieved by applying a time-frequency approach, which is based on Kalman filter in the time domain. The time-varying autoregressive model can explain more than 67% (DR) and 95% (VVR) of the WP’ variability and the integration of the ST and mainly SW increase the models’ reliability. The results were then transferred into the frequency domain, and can show that WP in both regions is characterized by two cycles close to 5-6 and 2.5 years around the long run trend. The ST and SW showed great capacity to explain the cyclicality of WP in the studied regions being the coherence temporarily much more stable in VVR than in the DR, where a shift of the relative importance away from ST to SW can be recognized. This could be an indicator of lower impact of the foreseen hot and dry climate scenarios on WP in the regions with a maritime climate, such as the VVR, compared with hot and dry wine regions. Despite the marked differences in the two studied regions on ecological, viticulture practices and technological trend, the modelling approach based on time-frequency proved to be an efficient tool to infer the impact of climate on the dynamics of cyclical properties of regional WP, foreseeing its generalized use in other regions. This modelling approach can be an important tool for planning in the wine industry as well as for mitigation strategies facing the scenarios that combine technological progress and climate change.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nutritional Knowledge and Health Consciousness: Do They Affect Consumer Wine Choices? Evidence from a Survey in Italy. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010084. [PMID: 31892198 PMCID: PMC7019729 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is one of the few food products not subject to mandatory nutritional labelling, except for alcohol content. As such, health-related characteristics might be inferred by attributes related to production methods and alcohol content. This research focuses on the set of information currently reported on wine bottle labels, investigates the consumer’s use of such labels, and their preferences for information associated with ’naturalness’ such as clean labels and alcohol content. We conducted a survey on Italian consumers of red wine, which included a choice experiment. Results showed that health consciousness is an important driver in the use of wine labels. Estimates from a latent class model suggest that health consciousness, along with age, plays a significant role in defining consumer preference segments: the majority of our sample tended to prefer red wine characterized by ‘clean labels’, but younger and more health-conscious consumers showed a significant disutility for higher alcohol content. More traditional consumers revealed disutility for more unconventional ‘clean labels’, which were instead appreciated by a third group of consumers, called here ‘new clean trend lovers’. Preference for nutritional information such as lower alcohol content and clean labels distinguished the more health-conscious consumers, who belonged to the most likely preference class. Together, the results may suggest that nutritional information currently not mandatory for wine would be appreciated by a significant share of wine consumers.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hosnedlova B, Sochor J, Baron M, Bjørklund G, Kizek R. Application of nanotechnology based-biosensors in analysis of wine compounds and control of wine quality and safety: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3271-3289. [PMID: 31809581 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1682965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most promising future technologies for the food industry. Some of its applications have already been introduced in analytical techniques and food packaging technologies. This review summarizes existing knowledge about the implementation of nanotechnology in wine laboratory procedures. The focus is mainly on recent advancements in the design and development of nanomaterial-based sensors for wine compounds analysis and assessing wine safety. Nanotechnological approaches could be useful in the wine production process, to simplify wine analysis methods, and to improve the quality and safety of the final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic.,CONEM Metallomics Nanomedicine Research Group (CMNRG), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Rene Kizek
- CONEM Metallomics Nanomedicine Research Group (CMNRG), Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rocca C, Angelone T. Editorial commentary: A chemically complex and unique beverage: The wine. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2019; 29:107-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
21
|
Spangenberg JE, Zufferey V. Changes in soil water availability in vineyards can be traced by the carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of dried wines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:178-187. [PMID: 29660721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine is one of the most important edible fruit plants cultivated worldwide, and it is highly sensitive to changes in the soil water content. We studied the total carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotope compositions (C/NWSR, δ13CWSR and δ15NWSR values) of the solid residues obtained by freeze-drying wines produced from two white grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cv Chasselas and Petite Arvine) field grown under different soil water regimes while maintaining other climatic and ecopedological conditions identical. These experiments simulated the more frequent and extended climate change-induced periods of soil water shortage. The wines were from the 2009-2014 vintages, produced using the same vinification procedure. The plant water status, reflecting soil water availability, was assessed by the predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), monitored in the field during the growing seasons. For both wine varieties, the δ13CWSR values are highly correlated with Ψpd values and record the soil water availability set by soil water holding capacity, rainfall and irrigation water supply. These relationships were the same as those observed for the carbon isotope composition of fruit sugars (i.e., must sugars) and plant water status. In Chasselas wines, the nitrogen content and δ15NWSR values decreased with soil water deficit, indicating control of the flux of soil-water soluble nutrients into plants by soil water availability. Such a correlation was not found for Petite Arvine, probably due to different N-metabolism processes in this genetically atypical cultivar. The results presented in this study confirm and generalize what was previously found for red wine (Pinot noir); the carbon isotope composition of wine solid residues is a reliable indicator of the soil and the plant water status and thus can be used to trace back local climatic conditions in the vineyard's region. In most wines (except Petite Arvine) the C/NWSR and δ15NWSR values are indicators of the origin of the nitrogen supplied to the plant's fruit (grape) that can be used to assess the N dynamics in the soil-water-plant system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Institute of Plant Production Sciences (IPV), Agroscope, CH-1009 Pully, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miglietta PP, Morrone D, Lamastra L. Water footprint and economic water productivity of Italian wines with appellation of origin: Managing sustainability through an integrated approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1280-1286. [PMID: 29758881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the agribusiness wine is certainly a very interesting sector to analyze. The specific aim of this work is to assess water efficiency and economic water productivity for the Italian wines with Appellation of Origin (AO). This assessment could represent a potential management instrument to improve production performances from a more integrated perspective, pursuing new market trends. The study is related to Italy, the first worldwide producer, and analyzes the available data of AO wines, which globally have specific features, being strictly connected with the territory and its background. The results show the top and bottom five AO wines in terms of crop water use and economic water productivity and their trends during the period 2011-2015, based on average annual change rates. Results of this study are relevant for the wine sector since they can guide decision makers on vine variety selection in the context of micro- and macro-level sustainability of water resource use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Miglietta
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Economia, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Domenico Morrone
- Dipartimento di Management, LUM University, S.S. 100 km 18, 70010 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Lamastra
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria e Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 84 Emilia Parmense, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ilc T, Arista G, Tavares R, Navrot N, Duchêne E, Velt A, Choulet F, Paux E, Fischer M, Nelson DR, Hugueney P, Werck-Reichhart D, Rustenholz C. Annotation, classification, genomic organization and expression of the Vitis vinifera CYPome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199902. [PMID: 29953551 PMCID: PMC6023221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 are enzymes that participate in a wide range of functions in plants, from hormonal signaling and biosynthesis of structural polymers, to defense or communication with other organisms. They represent one of the largest gene/protein families in the plant kingdom. The manual annotation of cytochrome P450 genes in the genome of Vitis vinifera PN40024 revealed 579 P450 sequences, including 279 complete genes. Most of the P450 sequences in grapevine genome are organized in physical clusters, resulting from tandem or segmental duplications. Although most of these clusters are small (2 to 35, median = 3), some P450 families, such as CYP76 and CYP82, underwent multiple duplications and form large clusters of homologous sequences. Analysis of gene expression revealed highly specific expression patterns, which are often the same within the genes in large physical clusters. Some of these genes are induced upon biotic stress, which points to their role in plant defense, whereas others are specifically activated during grape berry ripening and might be responsible for the production of berry-specific metabolites, such as aroma compounds. Our work provides an exhaustive and robust annotation including clear identification, structural organization, evolutionary dynamics and expression patterns for the grapevine cytochrome P450 families, paving the way to efficient functional characterization of genes involved in grapevine defense pathways and aroma biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ilc
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gautier Arista
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Navrot
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Duchêne
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Amandine Velt
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- Laboratoire Structure et Evolution du Génome du Blé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Paux
- Laboratoire Structure et Evolution du Génome du Blé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Fischer
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Haseeb S, Alexander B, Santi RL, Liprandi AS, Baranchuk A. What's in wine? A clinician's perspective<sup/>. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:97-106. [PMID: 30104174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages, specifically wine, have been consumed for many years. Wine is postulated to play an important role in the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. Most epidemiological studies have found sustained consumption at light-to-moderate amounts to increase HDL cholesterol, reduce platelet aggregation, and promote fibrinolysis. Wine consumption has been inversely associated with ischemic heart disease, and the alcohol-blood pressure association, in most studies, follows a J-shaped curve. These outcomes have been attributed to the molecular constituents of wine, namely ethanol and polyphenols. Due to the continued interest in wine as a biological beverage, we review the chemistry of wine as clinicians, including its chemical composition, viticulture and enological practices, and other chemical factors that influence the bioactive components of wine. We also outline the biological effects of wine components and directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Lopez Santi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ke R, Wei Z, Bogdal C, Göktaş RK, Xiao R. Profiling wines in China for the biogenic amines: A nationwide survey and pharmacokinetic fate modelling. Food Chem 2018; 250:268-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
26
|
Chitarrini G, Soini E, Riccadonna S, Franceschi P, Zulini L, Masuero D, Vecchione A, Stefanini M, Di Gaspero G, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U. Identification of Biomarkers for Defense Response to Plasmopara viticola in a Resistant Grape Variety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1524. [PMID: 28928759 PMCID: PMC5591819 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is one of the most destructive diseases of the cultivated species Vitis vinifera. The use of resistant varieties, originally derived from backcrosses of North American Vitis spp., is a promising solution to reduce disease damage in the vineyards. To shed light on the type and the timing of pathogen-triggered resistance, this work aimed at discovering biomarkers for the defense response in the resistant variety Bianca, using leaf discs after inoculation with a suspension of P. viticola. We investigated primary and secondary metabolism at 12, 24, 48, and 96 h post-inoculation (hpi). We used methods of identification and quantification for lipids (LC-MS/MS), phenols (LC-MS/MS), primary compounds (GC-MS), and semi-quantification for volatile compounds (GC-MS). We were able to identify and quantify or semi-quantify 176 metabolites, among which 53 were modulated in response to pathogen infection. The earliest changes occurred in primary metabolism at 24-48 hpi and involved lipid compounds, specifically unsaturated fatty acid and ceramide; amino acids, in particular proline; and some acids and sugars. At 48 hpi, we also found changes in volatile compounds and accumulation of benzaldehyde, a promoter of salicylic acid-mediated defense. Secondary metabolism was strongly induced only at later stages. The classes of compounds that increased at 96 hpi included phenylpropanoids, flavonols, stilbenes, and stilbenoids. Among stilbenoids we found an accumulation of ampelopsin H + vaticanol C, pallidol, ampelopsin D + quadrangularin A, Z-miyabenol C, and α-viniferin in inoculated samples. Some of these compounds are known as phytoalexins, while others are novel biomarkers for the defense response in Bianca. This work highlighted some important aspects of the host response to P. viticola in a commercial variety under controlled conditions, providing biomarkers for a better understanding of the mechanism of plant defense and a potential application in field studies of resistant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chitarrini
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Evelyn Soini
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Computational Biology Unit, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Antonella Vecchione
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Adrian M, Lucio M, Roullier-Gall C, Héloir MC, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Kanawati B, Lemaître-Guillier C, Poinssot B, Gougeon R, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Metabolic Fingerprint of PS3-Induced Resistance of Grapevine Leaves against Plasmopara viticola Revealed Differences in Elicitor-Triggered Defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28261225 PMCID: PMC5306141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Induction of plant resistance against pathogens by defense elicitors constitutes an attractive strategy to reduce the use of fungicides in crop protection. However, all elicitors do not systematically confer protection against pathogens. Elicitor-induced resistance (IR) thus merits to be further characterized in order to understand what makes an elicitor efficient. In this study, the oligosaccharidic defense elicitors H13 and PS3, respectively, ineffective and effective to trigger resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew, were used to compare their effect on the global leaf metabolism. Ultra high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis allowed us to obtain and compare the specific metabolic fingerprint induced by each elicitor and to characterize the associated metabolic pathways. Moreover, erythritol phosphate was identified as a putative marker of elicitor-IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
- *Correspondence: Marielle Adrian,
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Chloé Roullier-Gall
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Benoît Poinssot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon, France
| | - Régis Gougeon
- UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgroSupDijon, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Jules GuyotDijon, France
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität MünchenFreising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Migicovsky Z, Sawler J, Money D, Eibach R, Miller AJ, Luby JJ, Jamieson AR, Velasco D, von Kintzel S, Warner J, Wührer W, Brown PJ, Myles S. Genomic ancestry estimation quantifies use of wild species in grape breeding. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:478. [PMID: 27357509 PMCID: PMC4928267 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grapes are one of the world’s most valuable crops and most are made into wine. Grapes belong to the genus Vitis, which includes over 60 inter-fertile species. The most common grape cultivars derive their entire ancestry from the species Vitis vinifera, but wild relatives have also been exploited to create hybrid cultivars, often with increased disease resistance. Results We evaluate the genetic ancestry of some of the most widely grown commercial hybrids from North America and Europe. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we generated 2482 SNPs and 56 indels from 7 wild Vitis, 7 V. vinifera, and 64 hybrid cultivars. We used a principal component analysis (PCA) based ancestry estimation procedure and verified its accuracy with both empirical and simulated data. V. vinifera ancestry ranged from 11 % to 76 % across hybrids studied. Approximately one third (22/64) of the hybrids have ancestry estimates consistent with F1 hybridization: they derive half of their ancestry from wild Vitis and half from V. vinifera. Conclusions Our results suggest that hybrid grape breeding is in its infancy. The distribution of V. vinifera ancestry across hybrids also suggests that backcrosses to wild Vitis species have been more frequent than backcrosses to V. vinifera during hybrid grape breeding. This pattern is unusual in crop breeding, as it is most common to repeatedly backcross to elite, or domesticated, germplasm. We anticipate our method can be extended to facilitate marker-assisted selection in order to introgress beneficial wild Vitis traits, while allowing for offspring with the highest V. vinifera content to be selected at the seedling stage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2834-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Jason Sawler
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.,Anandia Labs, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Money
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Rudolph Eibach
- JKI Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, Germany
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James J Luby
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Jamieson
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Horticulture Research Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - John Warner
- Warner Vineyards, 391 Thorpe Rd, RR#2, Centreville, NS, Canada
| | - Walter Wührer
- Wührer Vineyards, 187 Highway 221, RR#1, Kingston, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pejin B, Stanimirovic B, Vujovic D, Popovic Djordjevic J, Velickovic M, Tesevic V. The natural product content of the selected Cabernet Franc wine samples originating from Serbia: a case study of phenolics. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:1762-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1135148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Pejin
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research – IMSI, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragan Vujovic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Vele Tesevic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ghan R, Van Sluyter SC, Hochberg U, Degu A, Hopper DW, Tillet RL, Schlauch KA, Haynes PA, Fait A, Cramer GR. Five omic technologies are concordant in differentiating the biochemical characteristics of the berries of five grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:946. [PMID: 26573226 PMCID: PMC4647476 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grape cultivars and wines are distinguishable by their color, flavor and aroma profiles. Omic analyses (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) are powerful tools for assessing biochemical differences in biological systems. Results Berry skins of red- (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir) and white-skinned (Chardonnay, Semillon) wine grapes were harvested near optimum maturity (°Brix-to-titratable acidity ratio) from the same experimental vineyard. The cultivars were exposed to a mild, seasonal water-deficit treatment from fruit set until harvest in 2011. Identical sample aliquots were analyzed for transcripts by grapevine whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray and RNAseq technologies, proteins by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Principal components analysis of each of five Omic technologies showed similar results across cultivars in all Omic datasets. Comparison of the processed data of genes mapped in RNAseq and microarray data revealed a strong Pearson’s correlation (0.80). The exclusion of probesets associated with genes with potential for cross-hybridization on the microarray improved the correlation to 0.93. The overall concordance of protein with transcript data was low with a Pearson’s correlation of 0.27 and 0.24 for the RNAseq and microarray data, respectively. Integration of metabolite with protein and transcript data produced an expected model of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which distinguished red from white grapes, yet provided detail of individual cultivar differences. The mild water deficit treatment did not significantly alter the abundance of proteins or metabolites measured in the five cultivars, but did have a small effect on gene expression. Conclusions The five Omic technologies were consistent in distinguishing cultivar variation. There was high concordance between transcriptomic technologies, but generally protein abundance did not correlate well with transcript abundance. The integration of multiple high-throughput Omic datasets revealed complex biochemical variation amongst five cultivars of an ancient and economically important crop species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2115-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Steven C Van Sluyter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Uri Hochberg
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel.
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel.
| | - Daniel W Hopper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Richard L Tillet
- Nevada Center for Bioinformatics, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Karen A Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA. .,Nevada Center for Bioinformatics, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Aaron Fait
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel.
| | - Grant R Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Varelas V, Liouni M, Calokerinos AC, Nerantzis ET. An evaluation study of different methods for the production of β-D-glucan from yeast biomass. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:46-55. [PMID: 26190751 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucan is a proven beneficial and valuable molecule for human and animal health systems. It can be incorporated as an ingredient in various functional foods and beverages. β-Glucan has been isolated from various biological sources, fungi, mushrooms, algae, plants, and bacteria. The yeast cell wall comprises a suitable target for the extraction and purification of β-glucan. Although there are various extraction techniques, significant differences are observed as the technique used affects the final yield and purity, molecular weight, biological activity, solubility, quality, and other biological and functional properties of the extracted β-glucan. The aim of this review is the evaluation of different extraction methods for the production of β-glucan from yeast biomass. Furthermore, the use of industrial spent yeast waste from breweries and the wine industry for biotechnological β-glucan production and the concept of green wineries and breweries are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassileios Varelas
- University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Greece Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - Maria Liouni
- University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Greece Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - Antony C Calokerinos
- University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Zografou, 157 71, Greece
| | - Elias T Nerantzis
- TEI of Athens, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Laboratory of Biotechnology & Industrial Fermentations, Agiou Spiridonos, Egaleo, 122 10, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Carrau F, Gaggero C, Aguilar PS. Yeast diversity and native vigor for flavor phenotypes. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
33
|
Jagtap UB, Bapat VA. Wines from fruits other than grapes: Current status and future prospectus. FOOD BIOSCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Gray DJ, Li ZT, Dhekney SA. Precision breeding of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) for improved traits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 228:3-10. [PMID: 25438781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent technological advancements that enable precision breeding to genetically improve elite cultivars of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Precision breeding, previously termed "cisgenic" or "intragenic" genetic improvement, necessitates a better understanding and use of genomic resources now becoming accessible. Although it is now a relatively simple task to identify genetic elements and genes from numerous "omics" databases, the control of major agronomic and enological traits often involves the currently unknown participation of many genes and regulatory machineries. In addition, genetic evolution has left numerous vestigial genes and sequences without tangible functions. Thus, it is critical to functionally test each of these genetic entities to determine their real-world functionality or contribution to trait attributes. Toward this goal, several diverse techniques now are in place, including cell culture systems to allow efficient plant regeneration, advanced gene insertion techniques, and, very recently, resources for genomic analyses. Currently, these techniques are being used for high-throughput expression analysis of a wide range of grapevine-derived promoters and disease-related genes. It is envisioned that future research efforts will be extended to the study of promoters and genes functioning to enhance other important traits, such as fruit quality and vigor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Gray
- Grape Biotechnology Core Laboratory, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504 USA.
| | - Zhijian T Li
- Grape Biotechnology Core Laboratory, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504 USA
| | - Sadanand A Dhekney
- Department of Plant Sciences, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, 663 Wyarno Road, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang L, Wei J, Zou Y, Xu K, Wang Y, Cui L, Xu Y. Molecular characteristics and biochemical functions of VpPR10s from Vitis pseudoreticulata associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19162-82. [PMID: 25340981 PMCID: PMC4227267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes are one of the world's oldest and most important fruit crops. They are of high economic value in many countries, but the susceptibility of the dominant winegrape species Vitis vinifera to fungal disease is a significant problem. The Chinese wild grape species are a rich source of disease-resistance genes and these can be used to discover how disease resistance in V. vinifera grapevines might be enhanced. Pathogenesis-related (PR) 10 proteins are involved in the disease-response. Here, we use the genomic DNA of the Chinese wild species Vitis pseudoreticulata accession "Baihe-35-1" as the template to design specific primers based on VvPR10s sequences. We used overlap extension PCR to obtain the sequences: VpPR10.4, VpPR10.6, VpPR10.7 and VpPR10.9. The coding sequences of the VpPR10s were then cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector. The purified proteins VpPR10.4, VpPR10.6, VpPR10.7 and VpPR10.9 were used to analyse nuclease activity. Meanwhile, functional analysis of VpPR10s under different biotic and abiotic stresses was carried out to further clarify the disease-resistance mechanisms of the Chinese wild grapevine VpPR10 genes. The analysis of protein structure indicates that VpPR10.4 and VpPR10.7 had the P-loop domain and the Bet v 1 motif, which are a consistent feature of plant PR10. However, there was no P-loop domain or Bet v 1 motif in VpPR10.9 and we could not find the Bet v 1 motif in VpPR10.6. The results of the nuclease activity assay and of the functional analyses of VpPR10s under different biotic and abiotic stresses also confirm that VpPR10.4 and VpPR10.7 proteins have marked RNase, DNase, anti-fungal activities and respond to abiotic stresses. The VpPR10.6 and VpPR10.9 proteins do not have these activities and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Keyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Food Science Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wine. Food Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Bovine serum albumin as a molecular sensor for the discrimination of complex metabolite samples. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 818:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
38
|
Effect of the natural winemaking process applied at industrial level on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of wine. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:347-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Antonella DS, Federico D, Grazia SM, Gabriela M. Antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of some bioflavours from wine. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:141-6. [PMID: 23891760 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes limonene and its metabolic derivatives, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineol, commonly found as aroma wine components, were studied for their antimutagenicity by the bacterial reverse mutation assay on different strains. Substances were also tested for their antioxidant activity, i.e. radical scavenger, chelation, reduction, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Limonene and its metabolites, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineol, resulted able to inhibit the chemically-induced mutagenesis, although with a different specificity. The antimutagenicity of limonene has been generally retained by its metabolites and sometimes increased. In particular, α-terpineol exhibited the strongest inhibition, moreover it showed to be a remarkable ferrous ions chelating agent. Limonene and 1,8-cineol were devoid of antioxidant activity. Present results are a starting point in evaluating the potential of α-terpineol as a chemopreventive agent and suggest potential functional dietary benefits of wine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Sotto Antonella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Viers JH, Williams JN, Nicholas KA, Barbosa O, Kotzé I, Spence L, Webb LB, Merenlender A, Reynolds M. Vinecology: pairing wine with nature. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Viers
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John N. Williams
- Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Kimberly A. Nicholas
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies Lund University SE‐221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Olga Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia & Institute of Ecology & Biodiversity (IEB‐Chile), Avenida Rector Eduardo Morales Miranda, Edificio Pugín, 3r piso, oficina N∘ 307 Valdivia Chile
| | - Inge Kotzé
- Sustainable Agriculture Programme World Wildlife Fund PO Box 23273 Claremont 7735 South Africa
| | - Liz Spence
- The Nature Conservancy 201 Mission Street, 4th Floor San Francisco CA 94105 USA
| | - Leanne B. Webb
- University of New South Wales and CSIRO Aspendale Vic 3195 Australia
| | - Adina Merenlender
- Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Mark Reynolds
- The Nature Conservancy 201 Mission Street, 4th Floor San Francisco CA 94105 USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Venturini L, Ferrarini A, Zenoni S, Tornielli GB, Fasoli M, Santo SD, Minio A, Buson G, Tononi P, Zago ED, Zamperin G, Bellin D, Pezzotti M, Delledonne M. De novo transcriptome characterization of Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina unveils varietal diversity. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23331995 PMCID: PMC3556335 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants such as grapevine (Vitis spp.) display significant inter-cultivar genetic and phenotypic variation. The genetic components underlying phenotypic diversity in grapevine must be understood in order to disentangle genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS We have shown that cDNA sequencing by RNA-seq is a robust approach for the characterization of varietal diversity between a local grapevine cultivar (Corvina) and the PN40024 reference genome. We detected 15,161 known genes including 9463 with novel splice isoforms, and identified 2321 potentially novel protein-coding genes in non-annotated or unassembled regions of the reference genome. We also discovered 180 apparent private genes in the Corvina genome which were missing from the reference genome. CONCLUSIONS The de novo assembly approach allowed a substantial amount of the Corvina transcriptome to be reconstructed, improving known gene annotations by robustly defining gene structures, annotating splice isoforms and detecting genes without annotations. The private genes we discovered are likely to be nonessential but could influence certain cultivar-specific characteristics. Therefore, the application of de novo transcriptome assembly should not be restricted to species lacking a reference genome because it can also improve existing reference genome annotations and identify novel, cultivar-specific genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Venturini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Fasoli
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dal Santo
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Minio
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Genny Buson
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Tononi
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Debora Zago
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Zamperin
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Diana Bellin
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Saberi S, Cliff M, van Vuuren H. Impact of mixed S. cerevisiae strains on the production of volatiles and estimated sensory profiles of Chardonnay wines. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
43
|
Capece A, Romaniello R, Siesto G, Romano P. Diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts associated to spontaneously fermenting grapes from an Italian “heroic vine-growing area”. Food Microbiol 2012; 31:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Yoo YJ, Prenzler PD, Saliba AJ, Ryan D. Assessment of some Australian red wines for price, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and vintage in relation to functional food prospects. J Food Sci 2012; 76:C1355-64. [PMID: 22416699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Twenty-three Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Mudgee region and thirty-two Shiraz wines from the Hunter Valley region were analyzed for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Concentrations of (+)-catechin, quercetin, and transresveratrol, total phenolic content, and DPPH antioxidant activity varied considerably, both within and between varieties. Individual phenols, total phenols, and antioxidant activity were correlated with price and vintage. Shiraz wines showed positive and significant correlations for catechin and quercetin concentrations with total phenols, antioxidant activity, and vintage; and for total phenols and antioxidant activity with vintage. Cabernet Sauvignon wines showed positive and significant correlations for quercetin concentration with total phenols and antioxidant activity. There was a negative and significant correlation found between price and antioxidant activity for Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Results are discussed in terms of the potential for wine to be considered a functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION We report on potential health benefits (antioxidant activity) of 55 wines typical of 2 geographically close, but distinct, wine regions of Australia. Our results highlight the variability in functional components as an issue that needs further research and consideration in relation to wine as a functional food. The price of studied wines is not reflective of their health functionality, based on antioxidant activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung J Yoo
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Locked Bag 588, Charles Sturt Univ., Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mestre P, Piron MC, Merdinoglu D. Identification of effector genes from the phytopathogenic Oomycete Plasmopara viticola through the analysis of gene expression in germinated zoospores. Fungal Biol 2012; 116:825-35. [PMID: 22749169 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine downy mildew caused by the Oomycete Plasmopara viticola is one of the most important diseases affecting Vitis spp. The current strategy of control relies on chemical fungicides. An alternative to the use of fungicides is using downy mildew resistant varieties, which is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Knowledge about the genetic basis of the resistance to P. viticola has progressed in the recent years, but little data are available about P. viticola genetics, in particular concerning the nature of its avirulence genes. Identifying pathogen effectors as putative avirulence genes is a necessary step in order to understand the biology of the interaction. It is also important in order to select the most efficient combination of resistance genes in a strategy of pyramiding. On the basis of knowledge from other Oomycetes, P. viticola effectors can be identified by using a candidate gene strategy based on data mining of genomic resources. In this paper we describe the development of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from P. viticola by creating a cDNA library from in vitro germinated zoospores and the sequencing of 1543 clones. We present 563 putative nuclear P. viticola unigenes. Sequence analysis reveals 54 ESTs from putative secreted hydrolytic enzymes and effectors, showing the suitability of this material for the analysis of the P. viticola secretome and identification of effector genes. Next generation sequencing of cDNA from in vitro germinated zoospores should result in the identification of numerous candidate avirulence genes in the grapevine/downy mildew interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pere Mestre
- INRA, UMR 1131 Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, F-68000 Colmar, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Petit C, Konold W, Höchtl F. Historic terraced vineyards: impressive witnesses of vernacular architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01433768.2012.671029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
The improvement of the agricultural and wine-making qualities of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is hampered by adherence to traditional varieties, the recalcitrance of this plant to genetic modifications, and public resistance to genetically modified organism (GMO) technologies. To address these challenges, we developed an RNA virus-based vector for the introduction of desired traits into grapevine without heritable modifications to the genome. This vector expresses recombinant proteins in the phloem tissue that is involved in sugar transport throughout the plant, from leaves to roots to berries. Furthermore, the vector provides a powerful RNA interference (RNAi) capability of regulating the expression of endogenous genes via virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) technology. Additional advantages of this vector include superb genetic capacity and stability, as well as the swiftness of technology implementation. The most significant applications of the viral vector include functional genomics of the grapevine and disease control via RNAi-enabled vaccination against pathogens or invertebrate pests.
Collapse
|
49
|
Figueiredo A, Monteiro F, Fortes AM, Bonow-Rex M, Zyprian E, Sousa L, Pais MS. Cultivar-specific kinetics of gene induction during downy mildew early infection in grapevine. Funct Integr Genomics 2012; 12:379-86. [PMID: 22246600 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-012-0261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curt.) Berl. et de Toni is the causing agent of the destructive downy mildew disease in grapevine. Despite the advances towards elucidation of grapevine resistance mechanisms to downy mildew, increased knowledge of the biological and genetic components of the pathosystem is important to design suitable breeding strategies. Previously, a cDNA microarray approach was used to compare two Vitis vinifera genotypes Regent and Trincadeira (resistant and susceptible to downy mildew, respectively) in field conditions. The same cDNA microarray chip was used to confirm field-based results and to compare both genotypes under greenhouse conditions at 0, 6, and 12 h post-inoculation with P. viticola. Results show that when comparing both cultivars after pathogen inoculation, there is a preferential modulation of several defense, signaling, and metabolism associated transcripts in Regent. Early transcriptional changes are discussed in terms of genetic background and resistance mechanism. This study is the first to directly compare resistant and susceptible cultivars responses as early as 6 hpi with P. viticola, providing several candidate genes potentially related to the expression of resistance traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Figueiredo
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Center of Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Science Faculty of Lisbon University, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Al Rwahnih M, Dolja VV, Daubert S, Koonin EV, Rowhani A. Genomic and biological analysis of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 reveals a possible new genus within the family Closteroviridae. Virus Res 2012; 163:302-9. [PMID: 22056321 PMCID: PMC5898237 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing analysis of an asymptomatic grapevine revealed a virome containing five RNA viruses and a viroid. Of these, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 (GLRaV-7), an unassigned closterovirus, was by far the most prominently represented sequence in the analysis. Graft-inoculation of the infection to another grape variety confirmed the lack of the leafroll disease symptoms, even though GLRaV-7 could be detected in the inoculated indicator plants. A 16,496 nucleotide-long genomic sequence of this virus was determined from the deep sequencing data. Its genome architecture and the sequences encoding its nine predicted proteins were compared with those of other closteroviruses. The comparison revealed that two other viruses, Little cherry virus-1 and Cordyline virus-1 formed a well supported phylogenetic cluster with GLRaV-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|