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Botan-Neto BD, Santamaria-Perez D, Bayarjargal L, Bykova E, Gonzalez-Platas J, Otero-de-la-Roza A. Dense Hydrated Magnesium Carbonate MgCO 3·3H 2O Phases. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15762-15771. [PMID: 39133057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The study of the structural stability of carbonates under different pressure and temperature conditions is important for modeling the carbon budget in the Earth's interior and the stability of carbonation products of carbon capture and storage (CCS) solutions. In this work, we confirm the existence of the two dense polymorphs of the hydrated magnesium carbonate MgCO3·3H2O nesquehonite mineral previously reported, and we characterize their structures using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 3.1 and 11.6 GPa. Phase transitions entail the distortion and atomic rearrangement of the Mg-centered polyhedra and the tilting of the [CO3] carbonate units. In particular, the Mg coordination number increases from 6 in nesquehonite to 7 in the second high-pressure phase, while maintaining a topology based on complex MgCO3(H2O)2 chains. We also studied their vibrational behavior upon compression using Raman spectroscopy and complemented the experimental results with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The role played by hydrogen bonds in the compressibility and the polymorphism of this hydrated carbonate is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Santamaria-Perez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat de València, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | | | - Elena Bykova
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Platas
- Departamento Física, Instituto Universitario de Estudios Avanzados en Física Atómica, Molecular y Fotónica (IUDEA), MALTA Consolider Team, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38204, Spain
| | - Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, MALTA Consolider Team, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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2
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Comparative study on high-pressure physical properties of monoclinic MgCO3 and Mg2CO4. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19485. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe physical properties of Mg-carbonate at high temperature and pressure are crucial for understanding the deep carbon cycle. Here, we use first-principles calculations to study the physical properties of MgCO3-C2/m and Mg2CO4-P21/c under high pressure. The research shows that the structure and equation of state of MgCO3-C2/m are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the phase transition pressure of Mg2CO4 from pnma to P21/c structure is 44.66 GPa. By comparing the elastic properties, seismic properties and anisotropy of MgCO3-C2/m and Mg2CO4-P21/c, it is found that the elastic modulus and sound velocity of Mg2CO4-P21/c are smaller than those of MgCO3-C2/m, while the anisotropy is larger than that of MgCO3-C2/m. These results indicate that Mg2CO4-P21/c exists in the deep mantle and may be the main reason why carbonate cannot be detected. The minimum thermal conductivity of MgCO3-C2/m and Mg2CO4-P21/c is the largest in the [010] direction and the smallest in the [001] direction. The thermodynamic properties of MgCO3-C2/m and Mg2CO4-P21/c are predicted using the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) method.
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3
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Sun R, Wei X, Hu W, Ying P, Wu Y, Wang L, Chen S, Zhang X, Ma M, Yu D, Wang L, Gao G, Xu B, Tian Y. Nanocrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide: A Route to Superhardness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201212. [PMID: 35396819 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superhard materials other than diamond and cubic boron nitride have been actively pursued in the past two decades. Cubic silicon carbide, i.e., β-SiC, is a well-known hard material with typical hardness <30 GPa. Although nanostructuring has been proven to be effective in enhancing materials' hardness by virtue of the Hall-Petch effect, it remains a significant challenge to improve hardness of β-SiC beyond the superhard threshold of 40 GPa. Here, the fabrication of nanocrystalline β-SiC bulks is reported by sintering nanoparticles under high pressure and high temperature. These β-SiC bulks are densely sintered with average grain sizes down to 10 nm depending on the sintering conditions, and the Vickers hardness increases with decreasing grain size following the Hall-Petch relation. Particularly, the bulk sintered under 25 GPa and 1400 °C shows an average grain size of 10 nm and an asymptotic Vickers hardness of 41.5 GPa. Boosting the hardness of β-SiC over the superhard threshold signifies an important progress in superhard materials research. A broader family of superhard materials is in sight through successful implementation of nanostructuring in other hard materials such as BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Sun
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Pan Ying
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yingju Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mengdong Ma
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Dongli Yu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Guoying Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yongjun Tian
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
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Phase stability and dense polymorph of the BaCa(CO 3) 2 barytocalcite carbonate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7413. [PMID: 35523844 PMCID: PMC9076881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The double carbonate BaCa(CO3)2 holds potential as host compound for carbon in the Earth’s crust and mantle. Here, we report the crystal structure determination of a high-pressure BaCa(CO3)2 phase characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This phase, named post-barytocalcite, was obtained at 5.7 GPa and can be described by a monoclinic Pm space group. The barytocalcite to post-baritocalcite phase transition involves a significant discontinuous 1.4% decrease of the unit-cell volume, and the increase of the coordination number of 1/4 and 1/2 of the Ba and Ca atoms, respectively. High-pressure powder X-ray diffraction measurements at room- and high-temperatures using synchrotron radiation and DFT calculations yield the thermal expansion of barytocalcite and, together with single-crystal data, the compressibility and anisotropy of both the low- and high-pressure phases. The calculated enthalpy differences between different BaCa(CO3)2 polymorphs confirm that barytocalcite is the thermodynamically stable phase at ambient conditions and that it undergoes the phase transition to the experimentally observed post-barytocalcite phase. The double carbonate is significantly less stable than a mixture of the CaCO3 and BaCO3 end-members above 10 GPa. The experimental observation of the high-pressure phase up to 15 GPa and 300 ºC suggests that the decomposition into its single carbonate components is kinetically hindered.
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5
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First-principles calculations of high-pressure physical properties anisotropy for magnesite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3691. [PMID: 35256677 PMCID: PMC8901803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-principles calculations based on density functional theory with projector-augmented wave are used to study the anisotropy of elastic modulus, mechanical hardness, minimum thermal conductivity, acoustic velocity and thermal expansion of magnesite (MgCO3) under deep mantle pressure. The calculation results of the phase transition pressure, equation of state, elastic constants, elastic moduli, elastic wave velocities and thermal expansion coefficient are consistent with those determined experimentally. The research results show that the elastic moduli have strong anisotropy, the mechanical hardness gradually softens with increasing pressure, the conduction velocity of heat in the [100] direction is faster than that in the [001] direction, the plane wave velocity anisotropy first increases and then gradually decreases with increasing pressure, and the shear wave velocity anisotropy increases with the increase of pressure, the thermal expansion in the [100] direction is greater than that in the [001] direction. The research results are of great significance to people’s understanding of the high-pressure physical properties of carbonates in the deep mantle.
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Moog M, Pietrucci F, Saitta AM. Carbon Dioxide under Earth Mantle Conditions: From a Molecular Liquid through a Reactive Fluid to Polymeric Regimes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5863-5869. [PMID: 34228460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In both its gaseous and condensed forms, carbon dioxide has an ever-increasing impact on Earth's chemistry and human life and activities. However, many aspects of its high-pressure phase diagram remain unclear. In this work, we present a complete structural characterization of carbon dioxide fluids under geological conditions using extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations throughout a wide pressure and temperature range, corresponding to Earth's lower mantle. We identify and describe four different disordered regimes, including two polymeric forms and two molecular ones, all within the geothermal conditions of the lower mantle. At pressures below 40 GPa, we find that the molecular liquid becomes very reactive above 2000 K: the C-O double bond routinely breaks, resulting in small and transient chains composed of CO2 units and frequently leading to an exchange of oxygen atoms between molecules. At higher pressures, in addition to the polymeric fluid previously reported at 3000 K, we find a polymeric system with glass-like behavior at lower temperatures, suggesting a complex interplay between kinetics and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Moog
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Pietrucci
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, 75252 Paris, France
| | - A Marco Saitta
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, 75252 Paris, France
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7
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Scheller EL, Swindle C, Grotzinger J, Barnhart H, Bhattacharjee S, Ehlmann BL, Farley K, Fischer WW, Greenberger R, Ingalls M, Martin PE, Osorio-Rodriguez D, Smith BP. Formation of Magnesium Carbonates on Earth and Implications for Mars. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2021; 126:e2021JE006828. [PMID: 34422534 PMCID: PMC8378241 DOI: 10.1029/2021je006828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium carbonates have been identified within the landing site of the Perseverance rover mission. This study reviews terrestrial analog environments and textural, mineral assemblage, isotopic, and elemental analyses that have been applied to establish formation conditions of magnesium carbonates. Magnesium carbonates form in five distinct settings: ultramafic rock-hosted veins, the matrix of carbonated peridotite, nodules in soil, alkaline lake, and playa deposits, and as diagenetic replacements within lime-and dolostones. Dominant textures include fine-grained or microcrystalline veins, nodules, and crusts. Microbial influences on formation are recorded in thrombolites, stromatolites, crinkly, and pustular laminites, spheroids, and filamentous microstructures. Mineral assemblages, fluid inclusions, and carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and clumped isotopes of carbon and oxygen have been used to determine the sources of carbon, magnesium, and fluid for magnesium carbonates as well as their temperatures of formation. Isotopic signatures in ultramafic rock-hosted magnesium carbonates reveal that they form by either low-temperature meteoric water infiltration and alteration, hydrothermal alteration, or metamorphic processes. Isotopic compositions of lacustrine magnesium carbonate record precipitation from lake water, evaporation processes, and ambient formation temperatures. Assessment of these features with similar analytical techniques applied to returned Martian samples can establish whether carbonates on ancient Mars were formed at high or low temperature conditions in the surface or subsurface through abiotic or biotic processes. The timing of carbonate formation processes could be constrained by 147Sm-143Nd isochron, U-Pb concordia, 207Pb-206Pb isochron radiometric dating as well as 3He, 21Ne, 22Ne, or 36Ar surface exposure dating of returned Martian magnesium carbonate samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Scheller
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Carl Swindle
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - John Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Holly Barnhart
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Surjyendu Bhattacharjee
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bethany L Ehlmann
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ken Farley
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Woodward W Fischer
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Greenberger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Miquela Ingalls
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Peter E Martin
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Geological Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daniela Osorio-Rodriguez
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ben P Smith
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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8
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Chuliá-Jordán R, Santamaria-Perez D, Ruiz-Fuertes J, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Popescu C. Crystal Structure of BaCa(CO 3) 2 Alstonite Carbonate and Its Phase Stability upon Compression. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:1130-1139. [PMID: 34901683 PMCID: PMC8656406 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
New single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the crystal chemistry of the CaO-BaO-CO2 system is more complex than previously thought. We characterized the BaCa(CO3)2 alstonite structure at ambient conditions, which differs from the recently reported crystal structure of this mineral in the stacking of the carbonate groups. This structural change entails the existence of different cation coordination environments. The structural behavior of alstonite at high pressures was studied using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and ab initio calculations up to 19 and 50 GPa, respectively. According to the experiments, above 9 GPa, the alstonite structure distorts into a monoclinic C2 phase derived from the initial trigonal structure. This is consistent with the appearance of imaginary frequencies and geometry relaxation in DFT calculations. Moreover, calculations predict a second phase transition at 24 GPa, which would cause the increase in the coordination number of Ba atoms from 10 to 11 and 12. We determined the equation of state of alstonite (V 0 = 1608(2) Å3, B 0 = 60(3) GPa, B'0 = 4.4(8) from experimental data) and analyzed the evolution of the polyhedral units under compression. The crystal chemistry of alstonite was compared to that of other carbonates and the relative stability of all known BaCa(CO3)2 polymorphs was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chuliá-Jordán
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universitat
de València, MALTA Consolider Team, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - David Santamaria-Perez
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universitat
de València, MALTA Consolider Team, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Fuertes
- DCITIMAC,
Universidad de Cantabria, MALTA Consolider Team, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, MALTA Consolider Team, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Catalin Popescu
- CELLS-ALBA
Synchrotron Light Facility, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Fukuda M, Islam MS, Sekine Y, Shinmei T, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. Crystallization of Diamond from Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by a High Temperature and High Pressure Method. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - M. Saidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa) Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sekine
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Shinmei
- Geodynamics Research Center Ehime University 2-5 Matsuyama Ehime 790-8577 Japan
| | - Leonard F. Lindoy
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa) Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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Reversal of carbonate-silicate cation exchange in cold slabs in Earth's lower mantle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1712. [PMID: 33731704 PMCID: PMC7969735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The stable forms of carbon in Earth's deep interior control storage and fluxes of carbon through the planet over geologic time, impacting the surface climate as well as carrying records of geologic processes in the form of diamond inclusions. However, current estimates of the distribution of carbon in Earth's mantle are uncertain, due in part to limited understanding of the fate of carbonates through subduction, the main mechanism that transports carbon from Earth's surface to its interior. Oxidized carbon carried by subduction has been found to reside in MgCO3 throughout much of the mantle. Experiments in this study demonstrate that at deep mantle conditions MgCO3 reacts with silicates to form CaCO3. In combination with previous work indicating that CaCO3 is more stable than MgCO3 under reducing conditions of Earth's lowermost mantle, these observations allow us to predict that the signature of surface carbon reaching Earth's lowermost mantle may include CaCO3.
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11
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Insights on the deep carbon cycle from the electrical conductivity of carbon-bearing aqueous fluids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3745. [PMID: 33580092 PMCID: PMC7881151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dehydration and decarbonation in the subducting slab are intricately related and the knowledge of the physical properties of the resulting C-H-O fluid is crucial to interpret the petrological, geochemical, and geophysical processes associated with subduction zones. In this study, we investigate the C-H-O fluid released during the progressive devolatilization of carbonate-bearing serpentine-polymorph chrysotile, with in situ electrical conductivity measurements at high pressures and temperatures. The C-H-O fluid produced by carbonated chrysotile exhibits high electrical conductivity compared to carbon-free aqueous fluids and can be an excellent indicator of the migration of carbon in subduction zones. The crystallization of diamond and graphite indicates that the oxidized C-H-O fluids are responsible for the recycling of carbon in the wedge mantle. The carbonate and chrysotile bearing assemblages stabilize dolomite during the devolatilization process. This unique dolomite forming mechanism in chrysotile in subduction slabs may facilitate the transport of carbon into the deep mantle.
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12
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Elatresh SF, Bonev SA. Stability and metallization of solid oxygen at high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12577-12583. [PMID: 32452471 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phase diagram of oxygen is investigated for pressures from 50 to 130 GPa and temperatures up to 1200 K using first-principles theory. A metallic molecular structure with the P63/mmc symmetry (η' phase) is determined to be thermodynamically stable in this pressure range at elevated temperatures above the ε(O8) phase. Crucial for obtaining this result is the inclusion of anharmonic lattice dynamics effects and accurate calculations of exchange interactions in the presence of thermal disorder. We present analysis of electronic, structural, and thermodynamic properties of solid oxygen at 0 K and finite temperature with hybrid exchange functionals, including a comparison with available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri F Elatresh
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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Chariton S, Bykov M, Bykova E, Koemets E, Fedotenko T, Winkler B, Hanfland M, Prakapenka VB, Greenberg E, McCammon C, Dubrovinsky L. The crystal structures of Fe-bearing MgCO 3 sp 2- and sp 3-carbonates at 98 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:715-719. [PMID: 32431938 PMCID: PMC7199253 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020005411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of MgCO3-II has long been discussed in the literature where DFT-based model calculations predict a pressure-induced transition of the carbon atom from the sp 2 to the sp 3 type of bonding. We have now determined the crystal structure of iron-bearing MgCO3-II based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation. We laser-heated a synthetic (Mg0.85Fe0.15)CO3 single crystal at 2500 K and 98 GPa and observed the formation of a monoclinic phase with composition (Mg2.53Fe0.47)C3O9 in the space group C2/m that contains tetra-hedrally coordinated carbon, where CO4 4- tetra-hedra are linked by corner-sharing oxygen atoms to form three-membered C3O9 6- ring anions. The crystal structure of (Mg0.85Fe0.15)CO3 (magnesium iron carbonate) at 98 GPa and 300 K is reported here as well. In comparison with previous structure-prediction calculations and powder X-ray diffraction data, our structural data provide reliable information from experiments regarding atomic positions, bond lengths, and bond angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Chariton
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- GeoSoilEnviroCARS, University of Chicago, 60637 Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elena Bykova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Egor Koemets
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Timofey Fedotenko
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Björn Winkler
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Eran Greenberg
- GeoSoilEnviroCARS, University of Chicago, 60637 Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine McCammon
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Turning a native or corroded Mg alloy surface into an anti-corrosion coating in excited CO 2. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4058. [PMID: 30283060 PMCID: PMC6170486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their energy-efficient merits as promising light-weight structural materials, magnesium (Mg) based alloys suffer from inadequate corrosion resistance. One primary reason is that the native surface film on Mg formed in air mainly consists of Mg(OH)2 and MgO, which is porous and unprotective, especially in humid environments. Here, we demonstrate an environmentally benign method to grow a protective film on the surface of Mg/Mg alloy samples at room temperature, via a direct reaction of already-existing surface film with excited CO2. Moreover, for samples that have been corroded obviously on surface, the corrosion products can be converted directly to create a new protective surface. Mechanical tests show that compared with untreated samples, the protective layer can elevate the yield stress, suppress plastic instability and prolong compressive strains without peeling off from the metal surface. This environmentally friendly surface treatment method is promising to protect Mg alloys, including those already-corroded on the surface. Magnesium alloys usually have poor corrosion resistance, which inhibits their use in the automotive and biomedical industries. Here, the authors use an environmental TEM to carbonate the natural corrosion products at the surface of magnesium alloys and form a compact and protective surface layer.
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15
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Dziubek KF, Ende M, Scelta D, Bini R, Mezouar M, Garbarino G, Miletich R. Crystalline polymeric carbon dioxide stable at megabar pressures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3148. [PMID: 30089845 PMCID: PMC6082874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a widespread simple molecule in the Universe. In spite of its simplicity it has a very complex phase diagram, forming both amorphous and crystalline extended phases above 40 GPa. The stability range and nature of these phases are still debated, especially in view of their possible role within the deep carbon cycle. Here, we report static synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman high-pressure experiments in the megabar range providing evidence for the stability of the polymeric phase V at pressure-temperature conditions relevant to the Earth's lowermost mantle. The equation of state has been extended to 120 GPa and, contrary to earlier experimental findings, neither dissociation into diamond and ε-oxygen nor ionization was observed. Severe deviatoric stress and lattice deformation along with preferred orientation are removed on progressive annealing, thus suggesting CO2-V as the stable structure also above one megabar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil F Dziubek
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Martin Ende
- Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Demetrio Scelta
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ronald Miletich
- Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Universität Wien, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Wien, Austria
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16
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Santamaria-Perez D, Ruiz-Fuertes J, Marqueño T, Pellicer-Porres J, Chulia-Jordan R, MacLeod S, Popescu C. Structural Behavior of Natural Silicate-Carbonate Spurrite Mineral, Ca 5(SiO 4) 2(CO 3), under High-Pressure, High-Temperature Conditions. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:98-105. [PMID: 29227639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on high-pressure and high-temperature angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction and high-pressure Raman data up to 27 GPa and 700 K for natural silicate carbonate Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) spurrite mineral. No phase transition was found in the studied P-T range. The room-temperature bulk modulus of spurrite using Ne as the pressure-transmitting medium is B0 = 77(1) GPa with a first-pressure derivative of B0' = 5.9(2). The structure compression is highly anisotropic, the b axis being approximately 30% more compressible than the a and c axes. The volumetric thermal expansivity value around 8 GPa was estimated to be 4.1(3) × 10-5 K-1. A comparison with intimately related minerals CaCO3 calcite and aragonite and β-Ca2SiO4 larnite shows that, as the composition and structural features of spurrite suggest, its compressibility and thermal expansivity lie between those of the silicate and carbonate end members. The crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties of spurrite are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santamaria-Perez
- MALTA-Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Fuertes
- MALTA-Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Tomas Marqueño
- MALTA-Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Pellicer-Porres
- MALTA-Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Chulia-Jordan
- MALTA-Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV, Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simon MacLeod
- Atomic Weapons Establishment , Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, U.K.,Institute of Shock Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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17
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Weis C, Sternemann C, Cerantola V, Sahle CJ, Spiekermann G, Harder M, Forov Y, Kononov A, Sakrowski R, Yavaş H, Tolan M, Wilke M. Pressure driven spin transition in siderite and magnesiosiderite single crystals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16526. [PMID: 29184152 PMCID: PMC5705641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-bearing carbonates are candidate phases for carbon storage in the deep Earth and may play an important role for the Earth's carbon cycle. To elucidate the properties of carbonates at conditions of the deep Earth, we investigated the pressure driven magnetic high spin to low spin transition of synthetic siderite FeCO3 and magnesiosiderite (Mg0.74Fe0.26)CO3 single crystals for pressures up to 57 GPa using diamond anvil cells and x-ray Raman scattering spectroscopy to directly probe the iron 3d electron configuration. An extremely sharp transition for siderite single crystal occurs at a notably low pressure of 40.4 ± 0.1 GPa with a transition width of 0.7 GPa when using the very soft pressure medium helium. In contrast, we observe a broadening of the transition width to 4.4 GPa for siderite with a surprising additional shift of the transition pressure to 44.3 ± 0.4 GPa when argon is used as pressure medium. The difference is assigned to larger pressure gradients in case of argon. For magnesiosiderite loaded with argon, the transition occurs at 44.8 ± 0.8 GPa showing similar width as siderite. Hence, no compositional effect on the spin transition pressure is observed. The spectra measured within the spin crossover regime indicate coexistence of regions of pure high- and low-spin configuration within the single crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weis
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany.
| | - Christian Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Valerio Cerantola
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Christoph J Sahle
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Manuel Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Yury Forov
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Alexander Kononov
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Robin Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Hasan Yavaş
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Metin Tolan
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Max Wilke
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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18
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Stability of iron-bearing carbonates in the deep Earth's interior. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15960. [PMID: 28722013 PMCID: PMC5524932 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of carbonates in inclusions in diamonds coming from depths exceeding 670 km are obvious evidence that carbonates exist in the Earth's lower mantle. However, their range of stability, crystal structures and the thermodynamic conditions of the decarbonation processes remain poorly constrained. Here we investigate the behaviour of pure iron carbonate at pressures over 100 GPa and temperatures over 2,500 K using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy in laser-heated diamond anvil cells. On heating to temperatures of the Earth's geotherm at pressures to ∼50 GPa FeCO3 partially dissociates to form various iron oxides. At higher pressures FeCO3 forms two new structures-tetrairon(III) orthocarbonate Fe43+C3O12, and diiron(II) diiron(III) tetracarbonate Fe22+Fe23+C4O13, both phases containing CO4 tetrahedra. Fe4C4O13 is stable at conditions along the entire geotherm to depths of at least 2,500 km, thus demonstrating that self-oxidation-reduction reactions can preserve carbonates in the Earth's lower mantle.
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19
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Sanna A, Steel L, Maroto-Valer MM. Carbon dioxide sequestration using NaHSO 4 and NaOH: A dissolution and carbonation optimisation study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 189:84-97. [PMID: 28011430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of NaHSO4 to leach out Mg fromlizardite-rich serpentinite (in form of MgSO4) and the carbonation of CO2 (captured in form of Na2CO3 using NaOH) to form MgCO3 and Na2SO4 was investigated. Unlike ammonium sulphate, sodium sulphate can be separated via precipitation during the recycling step avoiding energy intensive evaporation process required in NH4-based processes. To determine the effectiveness of the NaHSO4/NaOH process when applied to lizardite, the optimisation of the dissolution and carbonation steps were performed using a UK lizardite-rich serpentine. Temperature, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, concentration and molar ratio were evaluated. An optimal dissolution efficiency of 69.6% was achieved over 3 h at 100 °C using 1.4 M sodium bisulphate and 50 g/l serpentine with particle size 75-150 μm. An optimal carbonation efficiency of 95.4% was achieved over 30 min at 90 °C and 1:1 magnesium:sodium carbonate molar ratio using non-synthesised solution. The CO2 sequestration capacity was 223.6 g carbon dioxide/kg serpentine (66.4% in terms of Mg bonded to hydromagnesite), which is comparable with those obtained using ammonium based processes. Therefore, lizardite-rich serpentinites represent a valuable resource for the NaHSO4/NaOH based pH swing mineralisation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimaro Sanna
- Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Luc Steel
- Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - M Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS), Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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20
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Fu S, Yang J, Lin JF. Abnormal Elasticity of Single-Crystal Magnesiosiderite across the Spin Transition in Earth's Lower Mantle. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:036402. [PMID: 28157335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin light scattering and impulsive stimulated light scattering have been used to determine the full elastic constants of magnesiosiderite [(Mg_{0.35}Fe_{0.65})CO_{3}] up to 70 GPa at room temperature in a diamond-anvil cell. Drastic softening in C_{11}, C_{33}, C_{12}, and C_{13} elastic moduli associated with the compressive stress component and stiffening in C_{44} and C_{14} moduli associated with the shear stress component are observed to occur within the spin transition between ∼42.4 and ∼46.5 GPa. Negative values of C_{12} and C_{13} are also observed within the spin transition region. The Born criteria constants for the crystal remain positive within the spin transition, indicating that the mixed-spin state remains mechanically stable. Significant auxeticity can be related to the electronic spin transition-induced elastic anomalies based on the analysis of Poisson's ratio. These elastic anomalies are explained using a thermoelastic model for the rhombohedral system. Finally, we conclude that mixed-spin state ferromagnesite, which is potentially a major deep-carbon carrier, is expected to exhibit abnormal elasticity, including a negative Poisson's ratio of -0.6 and drastically reduced V_{P} by 10%, in Earth's midlower mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Fu
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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21
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Diamond formation in the deep lower mantle: a high-pressure reaction of MgCO 3 and SiO 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40602. [PMID: 28084421 PMCID: PMC5233982 DOI: 10.1038/srep40602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond is an evidence for carbon existing in the deep Earth. Some diamonds are considered to have originated at various depth ranges from the mantle transition zone to the lower mantle. These diamonds are expected to carry significant information about the deep Earth. Here, we determined the phase relations in the MgCO3-SiO2 system up to 152 GPa and 3,100 K using a double sided laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. MgCO3 transforms from magnesite to the high-pressure polymorph of MgCO3, phase II, above 80 GPa. A reaction between MgCO3 phase II and SiO2 (CaCl2-type SiO2 or seifertite) to form diamond and MgSiO3 (bridgmanite or post-perovsktite) was identified in the deep lower mantle conditions. These observations suggested that the reaction of the MgCO3 phase II with SiO2 causes formation of super-deep diamond in cold slabs descending into the deep lower mantle.
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22
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Lavina B, Meng Y. Unraveling the complexity of iron oxides at high pressure and temperature: Synthesis of Fe5O6. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400260. [PMID: 26601196 PMCID: PMC4640612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The iron-oxygen system is the most important reference of rocks' redox state. Even as minor components, iron oxides can play a critical role in redox equilibria, which affect the speciation of the fluid phases chemical differentiation, melting, and physical properties. Until our recent finding of Fe4O5, iron oxides were assumed to comprise only the polymorphs of FeO, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3. Combining synthesis at high pressure and temperature with microdiffraction mapping, we have identified yet another distinct iron oxide, Fe5O6. The new compound, which has an orthorhombic structure, was obtained in the pressure range from 10 to 20 GPa upon laser heating mixtures of iron and hematite at ~2000 K, and is recoverable to ambient conditions. The high-pressure orthorhombic iron oxides Fe5O6, Fe4O5, and h-Fe3O4 display similar iron coordination geometries and structural arrangements, and indeed exhibit coherent systematic behavior of crystallographic parameters and compressibility. Fe5O6, along with FeO and Fe4O5, is a candidate key minor phase of planetary interiors; as such, it is of major petrological and geochemical importance. We are revealing an unforeseen complexity in the Fe-O system with four different compounds-FeO, Fe5O6, Fe4O5, and h-Fe3O4-in a narrow compositional range (0.75 < Fe/O < 1.0). New, finely spaced oxygen buffers at conditions of the Earth's mantle can be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lavina
- High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154–4002, USA
| | - Yue Meng
- High Pressure Collaborative Access Team, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Argonne, IL 60439–4803, USA
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23
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Tetrahedrally coordinated carbonates in Earth’s lower mantle. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6311. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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24
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Liu J, Lin JF, Prakapenka VB. High-pressure orthorhombic ferromagnesite as a potential deep-mantle carbon carrier. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7640. [PMID: 25560542 PMCID: PMC4284511 DOI: 10.1038/srep07640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of candidate deep-carbon carriers such as ferromagnesite [(Mg,Fe)CO3] at high pressure and temperature of the deep mantle is necessary for our understanding of deep-carbon storage as well as the global carbon cycle of the planet. Previous studies have reported very different scenarios for the (Mg,Fe)CO3 system at deep-mantle conditions including the chemical dissociation to (Mg,Fe)O+CO2, the occurrence of the tetrahedrally-coordinated carbonates based on CO4 structural units, and various high-pressure phase transitions. Here we have studied the phase stability and compressional behavior of (Mg,Fe)CO3 carbonates up to relevant lower-mantle conditions of approximately 120 GPa and 2400 K. Our experimental results show that the rhombohedral siderite (Phase I) transforms to an orthorhombic phase (Phase II with Pmm2 space group) at approximately 50 GPa and 1400 K. The structural transition is likely driven by the spin transition of iron accompanied by a volume collapse in the Fe-rich (Mg,Fe)CO3 phases; the spin transition stabilizes the high-pressure phase II at much lower pressure conditions than its Mg-rich counterpart. It is conceivable that the low-spin ferromagnesite phase II becomes a major deep-carbon carrier at the deeper parts of the lower mantle below 1900 km in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jung-Fu Lin
- 1] Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA [2] Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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25
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Unterborn CT, Kabbes JE, Pigott JS, Reaman DM, Panero WR. THE ROLE OF CARBON IN EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY GEODYNAMICS AND HABITABILITY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/793/2/124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Bouibes A, Zaoui A. High-pressure polymorphs of ZnCO₃: evolutionary crystal structure prediction. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5172. [PMID: 24894072 PMCID: PMC5381494 DOI: 10.1038/srep05172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pressure behavior of zinc carbonate ZnCO3 has been investigated using universal structure prediction method together with the density functional theory. In order to explore all possible structures under pressure, separate calculations at high pressure are done here with increasing number of formula units in the unit cell. Two pressures induced phase transitions were considered. The first one occurs at 78 GPa and the second one at 121 GPa. The most stable ZnCO3 at ambient condition corresponds to the space group R-3c (phase I), which is in favorable agreement with experiment. The structure with C2/m space group (phase II) becomes stable between 78 GPa and 121 GPa. Finally, the structure with the space group P212121 (phase III) becomes the most stable when the pressure achieves 121 GPa. Some mechanical properties of R-3c structure were –additionally- calculated and compared with the experimental and previous theoretical data. The resulting behaviors support our findings and confirm the obtained phase transition. Besides, from the analysis of the electronic charge density it comes that at 78 GPa, new bond between oxygen and zinc is formed, what is likely the main cause behind the phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouibes
- LGCgE, Polytech'Lille, University of Lille1. Cite Scientifique, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Zaoui
- LGCgE, Polytech'Lille, University of Lille1. Cite Scientifique, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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27
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Abstract
We present ab initio calculations of the phase diagram of liquid CO(2) and its melting curve over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions, including those relevant to the Earth. Several distinct liquid phases are predicted up to 200 GPa and 10,000 K based on their structural and electronic characteristics. We provide evidence for a first-order liquid-liquid phase transition with a critical point near 48 GPa and 3,200 K that intersects the mantle geotherm; a liquid-liquid-solid triple point is predicted near 45 GPa and 1,850 K. Unlike known first-order transitions between thermodynamically stable liquids, the coexistence of molecular and polymeric CO(2) phases predicted here is not accompanied by metallization. The absence of an electrical anomaly would be unique among known liquid-liquid transitions. Furthermore, the previously suggested phase separation of CO(2) into its constituent elements at lower mantle conditions is examined by evaluating their Gibbs free energies. We find that liquid CO(2) does not decompose into carbon and oxygen up to at least 200 GPa and 10,000 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Boates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; and
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5
| | | | - Stanimir A. Bonev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; and
- Department of Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3J5
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28
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Structures of dolomite at ultrahigh pressure and their influence on the deep carbon cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13509-14. [PMID: 22869705 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201336109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-bearing solids, fluids, and melts in the Earth's deep interior may play an important role in the long-term carbon cycle. Here we apply synchrotron X-ray single crystal micro-diffraction techniques to identify and characterize the high-pressure polymorphs of dolomite. Dolomite-II, observed above 17 GPa, is triclinic, and its structure is topologically related to CaCO(3)-II. It transforms above 35 GPa to dolomite-III, also triclinic, which features carbon in [3 + 1] coordination at the highest pressures investigated (60 GPa). The structure is therefore representative of an intermediate between the low-pressure carbonates and the predicted ultra-high pressure carbonates, with carbon in tetrahedral coordination. Dolomite-III does not decompose up to the melting point (2,600 K at 43 GPa) and its thermodynamic stability demonstrates that this complex phase can transport carbon to depths of at least up to 1,700 km. Dolomite-III, therefore, is a likely occurring phase in areas containing recycled crustal slabs, which are more oxidized and Ca-enriched than the primitive lower mantle. Indeed, these phases may play an important role as carbon carriers in the whole mantle carbon cycling. As such, they are expected to participate in the fundamental petrological processes which, through carbon-bearing fluids and carbonate melts, will return carbon back to the Earth's surface.
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29
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Boulard E, Menguy N, Auzende AL, Benzerara K, Bureau H, Antonangeli D, Corgne A, Morard G, Siebert J, Perrillat JP, Guyot F, Fiquet G. Experimental investigation of the stability of Fe-rich carbonates in the lower mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jb008733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Yoo CS, Sengupta A, Kim M. Carbon dioxide carbonates in the earth's mantle: implications to the deep carbon cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11219-22. [PMID: 21953768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Shik Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Yoo CS, Sengupta A, Kim M. Carbon Dioxide Carbonates in the Earth’s Mantle: Implications to the Deep Carbon Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The global geochemical carbon cycle involves exchanges between the Earth's interior and the surface. Carbon is recycled into the mantle via subduction mainly as carbonates and is released to the atmosphere via volcanism mostly as CO(2). The stability of carbonates versus decarbonation and melting is therefore of great interest for understanding the global carbon cycle. For all these reasons, the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of these minerals are needed up to core mantle boundary conditions. However, the nature of C-bearing minerals at these conditions remains unclear. Here we show the existence of a new Mg-Fe carbon-bearing compound at depths greater than 1,800 km. Its structure, based on three-membered rings of corner-sharing (CO(4))(4-) tetrahedra, is in close agreement with predictions by first principles quantum calculations [Oganov AR, et al. (2008) Novel high-pressure structures of MgCO(3), CaCO(3) and CO(2) and their role in Earth's lower mantle. Earth Planet Sci Lett 273:38-47]. This high-pressure polymorph of carbonates concentrates a large amount of Fe((III)) as a result of intracrystalline reaction between Fe((II)) and (CO(3))(2-) groups schematically written as 4FeO + CO(2) → 2Fe(2)O(3) + C. This results in an assemblage of the new high-pressure phase, magnetite and nanodiamonds.
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Terasaki H, Nishida K, Shibazaki Y, Sakamaki T, Suzuki A, Ohtani E, Kikegawa T. Density measurement of Fe3C liquid using X-ray absorption image up to 10 GPa and effect of light elements on compressibility of liquid iron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Keshav S, Gudfinnsson GH. Experimentally dictated stability of carbonated oceanic crust to moderately great depths in the Earth: Results from the solidus determination in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McGuinness ET. Some Molecular Moments of the Hadean and Archaean Aeons: A Retrospective Overview from the Interfacing Years of the Second to Third Millennia. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5191-215. [DOI: 10.1021/cr050061l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene T. McGuinness
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079-2690
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Sun J, Klug DD, Martonák R, Montoya JA, Lee MS, Scandolo S, Tosatti E. High-pressure polymeric phases of carbon dioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:6077-81. [PMID: 19332796 PMCID: PMC2669398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812624106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structural transformations of solid CO(2) from a molecular solid characterized by weak intermolecular bonding to a 3-dimensional network solid at high pressure has challenged researchers for the past decade. We employ the recently developed metadynamics method combined with ab initio calculations to provide fundamental insight into recent experimental reports on carbon dioxide in the 60-80 GPa pressure region. Pressure-induced polymeric phases and their transformation mechanisms are found. Metadynamics simulations starting from the CO(2)-II (P4(2)/mnm) at 60 GPa and 600 K proceed via an intermediate, partially polymerized phase, and finally yield a fully tetrahedral, layered structure (P-4m2). Based on the agreement between calculated and experimental Raman and X-ray patterns, the recently identified phase VI [Iota V, et al. (2007) Sixfold coordinated carbon dioxide VI. Nature Mat 6:34-38], assumed to be disordered stishovite-like, is instead interpreted as the result of an incomplete transformation of the molecular phase into a final layered structure. In addition, an alpha-cristobalite-like structure (P4(1)2(1)2), is predicted to be formed from CO(2)-III (Cmca) via an intermediate Pbca structure at 80 GPa and low temperatures (<300 K). Defects in the crystals are frequently observed in the calculations at 300 K whereas at 500 to 700 K, CO(2)-III transforms to an amorphous form, consistent with experiment [Santoro M, et al. (2006) Amorphous silica-like carbon dioxide. Nature 441:857-860], but the simulation yields additional structural details for this disordered solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Wu Z, Wentzcovitch RM, Umemoto K, Li B, Hirose K, Zheng JC. Pressure-volume-temperature relations in MgO: An ultrahigh pressure-temperature scale for planetary sciences applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb005275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Arapan S, Souza de Almeida J, Ahuja R. Formation of sp3 hybridized bonds and stability of CaCO3 at very high pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:268501. [PMID: 17678133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.268501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
By performing ab initio electronic structure calculations, we observed a new high-pressure phase transition within the Pmcn structure of CaCO3. This transition is characterized by the change of the carbon's sp hybridization state and is driven by the intrinsic property of the carbon atom to form tetrahedral covalent bonds at high pressure. The formation of sp(3) hybridized bonds explains the stability of MgCO3 and CaCO3 at Earth's lower mantle pressure conditions and may serve as a criterion for searching new possible high-pressure phases of carbon bearing minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Arapan
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Upssala University, Box 530, S-751 21 Upssala, Sweden.
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Pushcharovsky DY, Oganov AR. Structural transformations of minerals in deep geospheres: A review. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774506050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gaidos E, Deschenes B, Dundon L, Fagan K, Menviel-Hessler L, Moskovitz N, Workman M. Beyond the principle of plentitude: a review of terrestrial planet habitability. ASTROBIOLOGY 2005; 5:100-126. [PMID: 15815163 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2005.5.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We review recent work that directly or indirectly addresses the habitability of terrestrial (rocky) planets like the Earth. Habitability has been traditionally defined in terms of an orbital semimajor axis within a range known as the habitable zone, but it is also well known that the habitability of Earth is due to many other astrophysical, geological, and geochemical factors. We focus this review on (1) recent refinements to habitable zone calculations; (2) the formation and orbital stability of terrestrial planets; (3) the tempo and mode of geologic activity (e.g., plate tectonics) on terrestrial planets; (4) the delivery of water to terrestrial planets in the habitable zone; and (5) the acquisition and loss of terrestrial planet carbon and nitrogen, elements that constitute important atmospheric gases responsible for habitable conditions on Earth's surface as well as being the building blocks of the biosphere itself. Finally, we consider recent work on evidence for the earliest habitable environments and the appearance of life itself on our planet. Such evidence provides us with an important, if nominal, calibration point for our search for other habitable worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gaidos
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
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