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Chen Y, Bai X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ma H, Yang Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Li X, Wu T, Zhang Y, Kong H, Zhao Y, Qu H. Zingiberis rhizoma-based carbon dots alter serum oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in female mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:12-22. [PMID: 37994799 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2276770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Chinese herbs contain substances that regulate female hormones. Our study confirmed that Zingiberis rhizoma carbonisata contains Zingiberis rhizoma-based carbon dots (ZR-CDs), which exert regulatory effects on serum oestradiol and FSH in mice and show impacts on endometrial growth and follicular development that potentially affect the ability of female fertility. ZR-CDs were characterized to clarify the microstructure, optical features, and functional group characteristics. It shows that ZR-CDs are spherical carbon nanostructures ranging from 0.97 to 2.3 nm in diameter, with fluorescent properties and a surface rich in functional groups. We further investigated the impact of ZR-CDs on oestradiol and FSH in serum, growth, and the development of ovarian and uterine using normal female mice and exogenous oestradiol intervention model. It was observed that ZR-CDs accelerated oestrogen metabolism and attenuated oestradiol-induced endometrial hyperplasia. Simultaneously, ZR-CDs triggered an increase in FSH, even in the presence of high-serum oestradiol that inhibits FSH secretion. Our findings suggest that ZR-CDs could be a potential therapeutic treatment for anovulatory menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huagen Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huaihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zou X, Liang X, Dai W, Zhu T, Wang C, Zhou Y, Qian Y, Yan Z, Gao C, Gao L, Cui Y, Liu J, Meng Y. Peroxiredoxin 4 deficiency induces accelerated ovarian aging through destroyed proteostasis in granulosa cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167334. [PMID: 38971505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian aging, a complex and challenging concern within the realm of reproductive medicine, is associated with reduced fertility, menopausal symptoms and long-term health risks. Our previous investigation revealed a correlation between Peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) and human ovarian aging. The purpose of this research was to substantiate the protective role of PRDX4 against ovarian aging and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in mice. In this study, a Prdx4-/- mouse model was established and it was observed that the deficiency of PRDX4 led to only an accelerated decline of ovarian function in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice. The impaired ovarian function observed in this study can be attributed to an imbalance in protein homeostasis, an exacerbation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), and ultimately an increase in apoptosis of granulosa cells. Furthermore, our research reveals a noteworthy decline in the expression of Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in aging Prdx4-/- mice, especially the functional trimer, due to impaired disulfide bond formation. Contrarily, the overexpression of PRDX4 facilitated the maintenance of protein homeostasis, mitigated ER stress, and consequently elevated E2 levels in a simulated KGN cell aging model. Additionally, the overexpression of PRDX4 restored the expression of the correct spatial conformation of FSHR, the functional trimer. In summary, our research reveals the significant contribution of PRDX4 in delaying ovarian aging, presenting a novel and promising therapeutic target for ovarian aging from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuru Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wangjuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Jordan T, Baker F, Harman J, Walton B, Ajamu-Johnson A, Alashqar R, Struhl G, Langridge PD. An in vivo screen for proteolytic switch domains that can mediate Notch activation by force. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602225. [PMID: 39026694 PMCID: PMC11257581 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Notch proteins are single pass transmembrane receptors that are activated by proteolytic cleavage, allowing their cytosolic domains to function as transcription factors in the nucleus. Upon binding, Delta/Serrate/LAG-2 (DSL) ligands activate Notch by exerting a "pulling" force across the intercellular ligand/receptor bridge. This pulling force is generated by Epsin-mediated endocytosis of ligand into the signal-sending cells, and results in cleavage of the force-sensing Negative Regulatory Region (NRR) of the receptor by an ADAM10 protease [Kuzbanian (Kuz) in Drosophila ]. Here, we have used chimeric Notch and DSL proteins to screen for other domains that can substitute for the NRR in the developing Drosophila wing. While many of the tested domains are either refractory to cleavage or constitutively cleaved, we identify several that mediate Notch activation in response to ligand. These NRR analogues derive from widely divergent source proteins and have strikingly different predicted structures. Yet, almost all depend on force exerted by Epsin-mediated ligand endocytosis and cleavage catalyzed by Kuz. We posit that the sequence space of protein domains that can serve as force-sensing proteolytic switches in Notch activation is unexpectedly large, a conclusion that has implications for the mechanism of target recognition by Kuz/ADAM10 proteases and is consistent with a more general role for force dependent ADAM10 proteolysis in other cell contact-dependent signaling mechanisms. Our results also validate the screen for increasing the repertoire of proteolytic switches available for synthetic Notch (synNotch) therapies and tissue engineering.
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Dawson J, Bryant A, Jordan T, Bhikot S, Macon S, Walton B, Ajamu-Johnson A, Langridge PD, Malmi-Kakkada AN. Contact area and tissue growth dynamics shape synthetic juxtacrine signaling patterns. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.12.548752. [PMID: 37503188 PMCID: PMC10370035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication through direct contact, or juxtacrine signaling, is important in development, disease, and many areas of physiology. Synthetic forms of juxtacrine signaling can be precisely controlled and operate orthogonally to native processes, making them a powerful reductionist tool with which to address fundamental questions in cell-cell communication in vivo. Here we investigate how cell-cell contact length and tissue growth dynamics affect juxtacrine signal responses through implementing a custom synthetic gene circuit in Drosophila wing imaginal discs alongside mathematical modeling to determine synthetic Notch (synNotch) activation patterns. We find that the area of contact between cells largely determines the extent of synNotch activation, leading to the prediction that the shape of the interface between signal-sending and signal-receiving cells will impact the magnitude of the synNotch response. Notably, synNotch outputs form a graded spatial profile that extends several cell diameters from the signal source, providing evidence that the response to juxtacrine signals can persist in cells as they proliferate away from source cells, or that cells remain able to communicate directly over several cell diameters. Our model suggests the former mechanism may be sufficient, since it predicts graded outputs without diffusion or long-range cell-cell communication. Overall, we identify that cell-cell contact area together with output synthesis and decay rates likely govern the pattern of synNotch outputs in both space and time during tissue growth, insights that may have broader implications for juxtacrine signaling in general.
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Fraser B, Wilkins A, Whiting S, Liang M, Rebourcet D, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. Development of peptides for targeting cell ablation agents concurrently to the Sertoli and Leydig cell populations of the testes: An approach to non-surgical sterilization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292198. [PMID: 38574116 PMCID: PMC10994420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The surgical sterilization of cats and dogs has been used to prevent their unwanted breeding for decades. However, this is an expensive and invasive procedure, and often impractical in wider contexts, for example the control of feral populations. A sterilization agent that could be administered in a single injection, would not only eliminate the risks imposed by surgery but also be a much more cost-effective solution to this worldwide problem. In this study, we sought to develop a targeting peptide that would selectively bind to Leydig cells of the testes. Subsequently, after covalently attaching a cell ablation agent, Auristatin, to this peptide we aimed to apply this conjugated product (LH2Auristatin) to adult male mice in vivo, both alone and together with a previously developed Sertoli cell targeting peptide (FSH2Menadione). The application of LH2Auristatin alone resulted in an increase in sperm DNA damage, reduced mean testes weights and mean seminiferous tubule size, along with extensive germ cell apoptosis and a reduction in litter sizes. Together with FSH2Menadione there was also an increase in embryo resorptions. These promising results were observed in around a third of all treated animals. Given this variability, we discuss how these reagents might be modified in order to increase target cell ablation and improve their efficacy as sterilization agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fraser
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Wilkins
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Whiting
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Wang T, Zhang Z, Qu C, Song W, Li M, Shao X, Fukuda T, Gu J, Taniguchi N, Li W. Core fucosylation regulates the ovarian response via FSH receptor during follicular development. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00038-9. [PMID: 38280716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian low response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) causes infertility featuring hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, ovarian failure, and/or defective ovarian response. OBJECTIVES N-glycosylation is essential for FSH receptor (FSHR). Core fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is the most common N-glycosylation. Core fucosylation level changes between individuals and plays important roles in multiple physiological and pathological conditions. This study aims to elucidate the significance of FUT8 to modulate FSHR function in female fertility. METHODS Samples from patients classified as poor ovary responders (PORs) were detected with lectin blot and real-time PCR. Fut8 gene knockout (Fut8-/-) mice and FUT8-knockdown human granulosa cell line (KGN-KD) were established and in vitro fertilization (IVF) assay, western blot, molecular interaction, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation were applied. RESULTS Core fucosylation is indispensable for oocyte and follicular development. FSHR is a highly core-fucosylated glycoprotein. Loss of core fucosylation suppressed binding of FSHR to FSH, and attenuated FSHR downstream signaling in granulosa cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the downregulation of several transcripts crucial for oocyte meiotic progression and preimplantation development in Fut8-/- mice and in POR patients. Furthermore, loss of FUT8 inhibited the interaction between granulosa cells and oocytes, reduced transzonal projection (TZP) formation and caused poor developmental competence of oocytes after fertilization in vitro. While L-fucose administration increased the core fucosylation of FSHR, and its sensitivity to FSH. CONCLUSION This study first reveals a significant presence of core fucosylation in female fertility control. Decreased fucosylation on FSHR reduces the interaction of FSH-FSHR and subsequent signaling, which is a feature of the POR patients. Our results suggest that core fucosylation controls oocyte and follicular development via the FSH/FSHR pathway and is essential for female fertility in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Changduo Qu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Wanli Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Medical Center for Reproductive and Genetic Research, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, 878 Xibei Road, Gezhenbao Street, Dalian, Liaoning 116037, China
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuoku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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Zhu T, Kong M, Yu Y, Schartl M, Power DM, Li C, Ma W, Sun Y, Li S, Yue B, Li W, Shao C. Exosome delivery to the testes for dmrt1 suppression: A powerful tool for sex-determining gene studies. J Control Release 2023; 363:275-289. [PMID: 37726035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles about 100 nm in diameter. They are emerging as promising delivery platforms due to their advantages in biocompatibility and engineerability. However, research into and applications for engineered exosomes are still limited to a few areas of medicine in mammals. Here, we expanded the scope of their applications to sex-determining gene studies in early vertebrates. An integrated strategy for constructing the exosome-based delivery system was developed for efficient regulation of dmrt1, which is one of the most widely used sex-determining genes in metazoans. By combining classical methods in molecular biology and the latest technology in bioinformatics, isomiR-124a was identified as a dmrt1 inhibitor and was loaded into exosomes and a testis-targeting peptide was used to modify exosomal surface for efficient delivery. Results showed that isomiR-124a was efficiently delivered to the testes by engineered exosomes and revealed that dmrt1 played important roles in maintaining the regular structure and function of testis in juvenile fish. This is the first de novo development of an exosome-based delivery system applied in the study of sex-determining gene, which indicates an attractive prospect for the future applications of engineered exosomes in exploring more extensive biological conundrums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangyun Road 33, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Sanderring 2, Würzburg 97074, Germany; The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Deborah Mary Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Chen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266072, China
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanxu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bowen Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weijing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Atabaki B, Mirazi N, Hosseini A, Sarihi A, Izadi Z, Nourian A. Effect of Elettaria cardamomum L. on hormonal changes and spermatogenesis in the propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism male BALB/c mice. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e438. [PMID: 37403247 PMCID: PMC10495560 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spermatogenesis is significantly influenced by the thyroid gland. Thyroid disorders can be caused by a variety of factors. Traditionally, Ellettaria cardamomum has been used to treat a variety of ailments. The effects of E. cardamomum extract (ECE) on spermatogenesis in hypothyroid mice were investigated in this study. METHODS In this study 42 male mice, weighing (25-35 g) were randomly divided in six groups: control group (taking normal saline, 0.5 mL/day, by oral gavage [P.O.]), hypothyroid group (taking 0.1% propylthiouracil in drinking water for 2 weeks), hypothyroid groups treated by levothyroxine (15 mg/kg/day, P.O.) and hypothyroid groups treated by ECE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, P.O.). After the end of experiments the mice were anaesthetised and blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis. RESULTS The sperm count and microscopic studies of testes were done also. Our results showed that the T3 , T4 , testosterone levels and spermatogenesis in hypothyroid animals decreased and thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone increased compared with control group. Treatment by ECE reverse these effects in comparison with hypothyroid group. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, the ECE may stimulates thyroid gland function and increases testosterone and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Atabaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic SciencesBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Zahra Izadi
- Department of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Nahavand Higher Education ComplexBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary ScienceBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
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Shi Y, Miao BY, Ai XX, Cao P, Gao J, Xu Y, Yang Q, Fei J, Zhang Q, Mai QY, Wen YX, Qu YL, Zhou CQ, Xu YW. Identification of common genetic polymorphisms associated with down-regulated gonadotropin levels in an exome-wide association study. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:671-681. [PMID: 37001689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether common genetic polymorphisms are associated with gonadotropin levels after down-regulation with daily gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and whether the polymorphisms of candidate variants influence the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins. DESIGN Genetic association study. SETTING University-affiliated in vitro fertilization center. PATIENTS Subjects enrolled in an exploratory exome-wide association study (n = 862), a replication exome-wide association study (n = 86), and a classifier validation study (n = 148) were recruited from September 2016 to October 2018, September 2019 to September 2020, and January 2021 to December 2021, respectively. The included patients were aged ≤40 years and had a basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≤12 IU/L. INTERVENTIONS All participants received a luteal phase down-regulation long protocol. Genome DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes. For the exploratory and replication cohorts, exome sequencing was conducted on a HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification technique and next-generation sequencing also were performed in the exploratory and replication cohorts. For the samples of the validation cohort, Sanger sequencing was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary endpoint was the gonadotropin levels after down-regulation, and the secondary endpoints were hormone levels and follicle diameters during stimulation, the total dose of FSH, duration of FSH stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, and clinical pregnancy rate. RESULTS In the exploratory cohort, we identified that FSHB rs6169 (P=2.71 × 10-24) and its single-nucleotide polymorphisms in high linkage disequilibrium were associated with the down-regulated FSH level. The same locus was confirmed in the replication cohort. Women carrying the C allele of FSHB rs6169 exhibited higher average estradiol level during stimulation (P=6.82 × 10-5), shorter duration of stimulation, and less amount of exogenous FSH (Pduration=0.0002; Pdose=0.0024). In the independent validation set, adding rs6169 genotypes into the prediction model for FSH level after down-regulation enhanced the area under the curve from 0.560 to 0.712 in a logistic regression model, and increased prediction accuracy by 41.05% when a support vector machine classifier was applied. CONCLUSION The C allele of FSHB rs6169 is a susceptibility site for the relatively high level of FSH after down-regulation, which may be associated with increased ovarian FSH sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ben-Yu Miao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Xiong Ai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of the South Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Qing-Yun Mai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Xing Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Lin Qu
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Can-Quan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wen Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Fraser BA, Wilkins AL, De Iuliis GN, Rebourcet D, Nixon B, Aitken RJ. Development of a model for studying the developmental consequences of oxidative sperm DNA damage by targeting redox-cycling naphthoquinones to the Sertoli cell population. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 206:50-62. [PMID: 37356777 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be induced in the testes by a wide range of factors, including scrotal hyperthermia, varicocele, environmental toxicants, obesity and infection. The clinical consequences of such stress include the induction of genetic damage in the male germ line which may, in turn, have serious implications for the health and wellbeing of the progeny. In order to confirm the transgenerational impact of oxidative stress in the testes, we sought to develop an animal model in which this process could be analysed. Our primary approach to this problem was to induce Sertoli cells (robust, terminally differentiated, tissue-specific testicular cells whose radioresistance indicates significant resistance to oxidative stress) to generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the testes. To achieve this aim, six follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peptides were developed and compared for selective targeting to Sertoli cells both in vitro and in vivo. Menadione, a redox-cycling agent, was then conjugated to the most promising FSH candidate using a linker that had been optimised to enable maximum production of ROS in the targeted cells. A TM4 Sertoli cell line co-incubated with the FSH-menadione conjugate in vitro exhibited significantly higher levels of mitochondrial ROS generation (10-fold), lipid peroxidation (2-fold) and oxidative DNA damage (2-fold) than the vehicle control. Additionally, in a proof-of-concept study, ten weeks after a single injection of the FSH-menadione conjugate in vivo, injected male mice were found to exhibit a 1.6 fold increase in DNA double strand breaks and 13-fold increase in oxidative DNA damage to their spermatozoa while still retaining their ability to initiate a pregnancy. We suggest this model could now be used to study the influence of chronic oxidative stress on testicular function with emphasis on the impact of DNA damage in the male germ line on the mutational profile and health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Anne Fraser
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Louise Wilkins
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Geoffry Nunzio De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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11
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Cai Q, Jin S, Zong H, Pei L, Cao K, Qu L, Li Z. A Quadruplex Ultrasensitive Immunoassay for Simultaneous Assessment of Human Reproductive Hormone Proteins in Multiple Biofluid Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11641-11648. [PMID: 37489999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive hormones play vital roles in reproductive health and can be used to assess a woman's ovarian function and diagnose diseases associated with reproductive endocrine disorders. As these hormones are important biomarkers for reproductive health monitoring and diagnosis, a rapid, high-throughput, and low-invasive detection and simultaneous assessment of the levels of multiple reproductive hormones has important clinical applications. In this work, a quadruplex ultrasensitive immunoassay was developed for simultaneous assessment of 4 human reproductive hormone proteins (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) in a variety of human biofluid samples. This assay takes advantage of single-molecule imaging of microwell arrays and capture antibody beads as a reaction interface to construct multiplex bead array immunoassays. The analyte-bound beads can easily be parsed to individual wells and detected via fluorophores, emitting distinct wavelengths associated to the beads. As a result, this proposed quadruplex immunoassay exhibits four good 4-parameter logistic calibration curves ranging from 2.7 to 2000, 1.6 to 1200, 1.8 to 1300, and 0.3 to 220 pg/mL with limits of detection of 0.32, 0.28, 0.14, and 0.02 pg/mL for FSH, LH, PRL, and AMH, respectively. Furthermore, the developed quadruplex immunoassay was used to test clinical venous serum samples where it showed remarkable consistency with clinical test results in methodological comparison and the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In addition, we successfully applied the ultrasensitive capability of this assay to the simultaneous testing and evaluation of four proteins in fingertip blood as well as urine samples, in which the urinary AMH level (1.42-156 pg/mL) was measured and assessed quantitatively for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Cai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zong
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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12
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Mathur Y, Shafie A, Alharbi B, Ashour AA, Al-Soud WA, Alhassan HH, Alharethi SH, Anjum F. Genome-Wide Analysis of Kidney Renal Cell Carcinoma: Exploring Differentially Expressed Genes for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:393-401. [PMID: 37624678 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common type of renal cancer. Kidney malignancies have been ranked in the top 10 most frequently occurring cancers. KIRC is a prevalent malignancy with a poor prognosis. The disease has risen for the last 40 years, and robust biomarkers for KIRC are needed for precision/personalized medicine. In this bioinformatics study, we utilized genomic data of KIRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas for biomarker discovery. A total of 314 samples were used in this study. We identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) categorized as upregulated or downregulated. A protein-protein interaction network for the DEGs was then generated and analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes plugin of Cytoscape. A set of 10 hub genes was selected based on the Maximum Clique Centrality score defined by the CytoHubba plugin. The elucidated set of genes, that is, CALCA, CRH, TH, CHAT, SLC18A3, FSHB, MYH6, CAV3, KCNA4, and GBX2, were then categorized as potential candidates to be explored as KIRC biomarkers. The survival analysis plots for each gene suggested that alterations in CHAT, CAV3, CRH, MYH6, SLC18A3, and FSHB resulted in decreased survival of KIRC patients. In all, the results suggest that genomic alterations in selected genes can be explored to inform biomarker discovery and for therapeutic predictions in KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Mathur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Adnan Ashour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Hussain Alharethi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lazzaretti C, Simoni M, Casarini L, Paradiso E. Allosteric modulation of gonadotropin receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1179079. [PMID: 37305033 PMCID: PMC10248450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1179079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropins regulate reproductive functions by binding to G protein-coupled receptors (FSHR and LHCGR) expressed in the gonads. They activate multiple, cell-specific signalling pathways, consisting of ligand-dependent intracellular events. Signalling cascades may be modulated by synthetic compounds which bind allosteric sites of FSHR and LHCGR or by membrane receptor interactions. Despite the hormone binding to the orthosteric site, allosteric ligands, and receptor heteromerizations may reshape intracellular signalling pattern. These molecules act as positive, negative, or neutral allosteric modulators, as well as non-competitive or inverse agonist ligands, providing a set of new compounds of a different nature and with unique pharmacological characteristics. Gonadotropin receptor allosteric modulation is gathering increasing interest from the scientific community and may be potentially exploited for clinical purposes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on gonadotropin receptor allosteric modulation and their potential, clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Baggiovara Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Kumar C, Idicula-Thomas S. FSHR activation through small molecule modulators: Mechanistic insights from MD simulations. Comput Biol Med 2023; 154:106588. [PMID: 36746114 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a glycoprotein hormone receptor that plays a vital role in reproduction, cancer progression and osteoporosis. Owing to its therapeutic importance, several small molecule modulators have been identified by researchers through high throughput studies that usually include virtual screening of chemical libraries followed by in vitro validation through radio-ligand binding assays, cAMP accumulation and luciferase-based luminescence assays. The binding site of these modulators and structural changes that accompany modulator binding remains elusive. Here, we address these aspects through molecular docking and MD simulations on well-studied FSHR modulators and comparing the domain motions between agonist/FSH bound and antagonist bound FSHR structures. It was observed that agonist and antagonist modulators bind to the same site, but interact with distinct residues in transmembrane domain(TMD). FSHR(TMD) residues Ile522, Ala595, Ile602 and Val604 were found to interact only with agonist. Notably, these residues are conserved in the close homolog luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and participate in interaction with its agonist Org43553. We observed distinctly prominent domain motions and conformational changes in TM helices 3, 4 and 6 for agonist bound FSHR structure. These structural changes have also been reported for LHCGR, and few GPCR members suggesting an important and well conserved mechanism of GPHR activation that could be exploited for design of novel modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India.
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15
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Duan J, Xu P, Zhang H, Luan X, Yang J, He X, Mao C, Shen DD, Ji Y, Cheng X, Jiang H, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Xu HE. Mechanism of hormone and allosteric agonist mediated activation of follicle stimulating hormone receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:519. [PMID: 36720854 PMCID: PMC9889800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is an essential glycoprotein hormone for human reproduction, which functions are mediated by a G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR. Aberrant FSH-FSHR signaling causes infertility and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Here we report cryo-EM structures of FSHR in both inactive and active states, with the active structure bound to FSH and an allosteric agonist compound 21 f. The structures of FSHR are similar to other glycoprotein hormone receptors, highlighting a conserved activation mechanism of hormone-induced receptor activation. Compound 21 f formed extensive interactions with the TMD to directly activate FSHR. Importantly, the unique residue H6157.42 in FSHR plays an essential role in determining FSHR selectivity for various allosteric agonists. Together, our structures provide a molecular basis of FSH and small allosteric agonist-mediated FSHR activation, which could inspire the design of FSHR-targeted drugs for the treatment of infertility and controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of medicine, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for life science, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Lingang Laboratory, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of medicine, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for life science, Tsinghua university, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Crystal structure of LGR ligand α2/β5 from Caenorhabditis elegans with implications for the evolution of glycoprotein hormones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218630120. [PMID: 36574673 PMCID: PMC9910494 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218630120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) mediate diverse physiological responses when complexed with their cognate ligands. LGRs are present in all metazoan animals. In humans, the LGR ligands include glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH). These hormones are αβ heterodimers of cystine-knot protein chains. LGRs and their ligand chains have coevolved. Ancestral hormone homologs, present in both bilaterian animals and chordates, are identified as α2β5. We have used single-wavelength anomalous diffraction and molecular replacement to determine structures of the α2β5 hormone from Caenorhabditis elegans (Ceα2β5). Ceα2β5 is unglycosylated, as are many other α2β5 hormones. Both Hsα2β5, the human homolog of Ceα2β5, and hTSH activate the same receptor (hTSHR). Despite having little sequence similarity to vertebrate GPHs, apart from the cysteine patterns from core disulfide bridges, Ceα2β5 is generally similar in structure to these counterparts; however, its α2 and β5 subunits are more symmetric as compared with α and β of hCG and hFSH. This quasisymmetry suggests a hypothetical homodimeric antecedent of the α2β5 and αβ heterodimers. Known structures together with AlphaFold models from the sequences for other LGR ligands provide representatives for the molecular evolution of LGR ligands from early metazoans through the present-day GPHs. The experimental Ceα2β5 structure validates its AlphaFold model, and thus also that for Hsα2β5; and interfacial characteristics in a model for the Hsα2β5:hTSHR complex are similar to those found in an experimental hTSH:hTSHR structure.
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Núñez Miguel R, Sanders P, Allen L, Evans M, Holly M, Johnson W, Sullivan A, Sanders J, Furmaniak J, Rees Smith B. Structure of full-length TSH receptor in complex with antibody K1-70™. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:e220120. [PMID: 36069797 PMCID: PMC9782461 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the full-length thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) structure by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is described. The TSHR complexed with human monoclonal TSHR autoantibody K1-70™ (a powerful inhibitor of TSH action) was detergent solubilised, purified to homogeneity and analysed by cryo-EM. The structure (global resolution 3.3 Å) is a monomer with all three domains visible: leucine-rich domain (LRD), hinge region (HR) and transmembrane domain (TMD). The TSHR extracellular domain (ECD, composed of the LRD and HR) is positioned on top of the TMD extracellular surface. Extensive interactions between the TMD and ECD are observed in the structure, and their analysis provides an explanation of the effects of various TSHR mutations on TSHR constitutive activity and on ligand-induced activation. K1-70™ is seen to be well clear of the lipid bilayer. However, superimposition of M22™ (a human monoclonal TSHR autoantibody which is a powerful stimulator of the TSHR) on the cryo-EM structure shows that it would clash with the bilayer unless the TSHR HR rotates upwards as part of the M22™ binding process. This rotation could have an important role in TSHR stimulation by M22™ and as such provides an explanation as to why K1-70™ blocks the binding of TSH and M22™ without activating the receptor itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Sanders
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lloyd Allen
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michele Evans
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew Holly
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
| | - William Johnson
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Sullivan
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jane Sanders
- FIRS Laboratories, RSR Ltd, Parc Ty Glas, Llanishen, Cardiff, UK
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18
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Casarini L, Simoni M. Membrane estrogen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 123:555-585. [PMID: 37717998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogens are fundamental to support reproductive functions. Beside the well-known FSH membrane receptor (FSHR), a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been found, over the last two decades, in several tissues. It may trigger rapid, non-genomic responses of estradiol, activating proliferative and survival stimuli. The two receptors were co-characterized in the ovary, where they modulate different intracellular signaling cascades, according to the expression level and developmental stage of ovarian follicles. Moreover, they may physically interact to form heteromeric assemblies, suggestive of a new mode of action to regulate FSH-specific signals, and likely determining the follicular fate between atresia and dominance. The knowledge of FSH and estrogen membrane receptors provides a new, deeper level of comprehension of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Mohammadzadeh S, Ahmadifar E, Masoudi E, Milla S, El-Shall NA, Alagawany M, Emran TB, Michalak I, Dhama K. Applications of recombinant proteins in aquaculture. AQUACULTURE 2022; 561:738701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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20
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Bordoloi D, Bhojnagarwala PS, Perales-Puchalt A, Kulkarni AJ, Zhu X, Liaw K, O’Connell RP, Park DH, Kulp DW, Zhang R, Weiner DB. A mAb against surface-expressed FSHR engineered to engage adaptive immunity for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162553. [PMID: 36509287 PMCID: PMC9746812 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in ovarian cancer (OC) therapy, recurrent OC remains a poor-prognosis disease. Because of the close interaction between OC cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), it is important to develop strategies that target tumor cells and engage components of the TME. A major obstacle in the development of OC therapies is the identification of targets with expression limited to tumor surface to avoid off-target interactions. The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) has selective expression on ovarian granulosa cells and is expressed on 50%-70% of serous OCs. We generated mAbs targeting the external domain of FSHR using in vivo-expressed FSHR vector. By high-throughput flow analysis, we identified multiple clones and downselected D2AP11, a potent FSHR surface-targeted mAb. D2AP11 identifies important OC cell lines derived from tumors with different mutations, including BRCA1/2, and lines resistant to a wide range of therapies. We used D2AP11 to develop a bispecific T cell engager. In vitro addition of PBMCs and T cells to D2AP11-TCE induced specific and potent killing of different genetic and immune escape OC lines, with EC50s in the ng/ml range, and attenuated tumor burden in OC-challenged mouse models. These studies demonstrate the potential utility of biologics targeting FSHR for OC and perhaps other FSHR-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Faust B, Billesbølle CB, Suomivuori CM, Singh I, Zhang K, Hoppe N, Pinto AFM, Diedrich JK, Muftuoglu Y, Szkudlinski MW, Saghatelian A, Dror RO, Cheng Y, Manglik A. Autoantibody mimicry of hormone action at the thyrotropin receptor. Nature 2022; 609:846-853. [PMID: 35940205 PMCID: PMC9678024 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are vital in metabolism, growth and development1. Thyroid hormone synthesis is controlled by thyrotropin (TSH), which acts at the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)2. In patients with Graves' disease, autoantibodies that activate the TSHR pathologically increase thyroid hormone activity3. How autoantibodies mimic thyrotropin function remains unclear. Here we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of active and inactive TSHR. In inactive TSHR, the extracellular domain lies close to the membrane bilayer. Thyrotropin selects an upright orientation of the extracellular domain owing to steric clashes between a conserved hormone glycan and the membrane bilayer. An activating autoantibody from a patient with Graves' disease selects a similar upright orientation of the extracellular domain. Reorientation of the extracellular domain transduces a conformational change in the seven-transmembrane-segment domain via a conserved hinge domain, a tethered peptide agonist and a phospholipid that binds within the seven-transmembrane-segment domain. Rotation of the TSHR extracellular domain relative to the membrane bilayer is sufficient for receptor activation, revealing a shared mechanism for other glycoprotein hormone receptors that may also extend to other G-protein-coupled receptors with large extracellular domains.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Graves Disease/immunology
- Graves Disease/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating/chemistry
- Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating/immunology
- Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating/ultrastructure
- Phospholipids/metabolism
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/agonists
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/chemistry
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/immunology
- Receptors, Thyrotropin/ultrastructure
- Rotation
- Thyrotropin/chemistry
- Thyrotropin/metabolism
- Thyrotropin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Faust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Carl-Mikael Suomivuori
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Hoppe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio F M Pinto
- Mass Spectrometry Core for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Mass Spectrometry Core for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratory for Peptide Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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22
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Arthur DE, Soliman ME, Adeniji SE, Adedirin O, Peter F. QSAR AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE RECEPTOR INHIBITORS. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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23
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Langridge PD, Garcia Diaz A, Chan JY, Greenwald I, Struhl G. Evolutionary plasticity in the requirement for force exerted by ligand endocytosis to activate C. elegans Notch proteins. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2263-2271.e6. [PMID: 35349791 PMCID: PMC9133158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The conserved transmembrane receptor Notch has diverse and profound roles in controlling cell fate during animal development. In the absence of ligand, a negative regulatory region (NRR) in the Notch ectodomain adopts an autoinhibited confirmation, masking an ADAM protease cleavage site;1,2 ligand binding induces cleavage of the NRR, leading to Notch ectodomain shedding as the first step of signal transduction.3,4 In Drosophila and vertebrates, recruitment of transmembrane Delta/Serrate/LAG-2 (DSL) ligands by the endocytic adaptor Epsin, and their subsequent internalization by Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, exerts a "pulling force" on Notch that is essential to expose the cleavage site in the NRR.4-6 Here, we show that Epsin-mediated endocytosis of transmembrane ligands is not essential to activate the two C. elegans Notch proteins, LIN-12 and GLP-1. Using an in vivo force sensing assay in Drosophila,6 we present evidence (1) that the LIN-12 and GLP-1 NRRs are tuned to lower force thresholds than the NRR of Drosophila Notch, and (2) that this difference depends on the absence of a "leucine plug" that occludes the cleavage site in the Drosophila and vertebrate Notch NRRs.1,2 Our results thus establish an unexpected evolutionary plasticity in the force-dependent mechanism of Notch activation and implicate a specific structural element, the leucine plug, as a determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Langridge
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Jessica Yu Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Gary Struhl
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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24
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Santa-Coloma TA. Overlapping synthetic peptides as a tool to map protein-protein interactions ̶ FSH as a model system of nonadditive interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Butnev VY, May JV, Brown AR, Sharma T, Butnev VY, White WK, Harvey DJ, Bousfield GR. Human FSH Glycoform α-Subunit Asparagine 52 Glycans: Major Glycan Structural Consistency, Minor Glycan Variation in Abundance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:767661. [PMID: 36329887 PMCID: PMC9623679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.767661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), an α/β heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, consists of functionally significant variants resulting from the presence or absence of either one of two FSHβ subunit N-glycans. The two most abundant variants are fully-glycosylated FSH24 (based on 24 kDa FSHβ band in Western blots) and hypo-glycosylated FSH21 (21 kDa band, lacks βAsn24 glycans). Due to its ability to bind more rapidly to the FSH receptor and occupy more FSH binding sites than FSH24, hypo-glycosylated FSH21 exhibits greater biological activity. Endoglycosidase F1-deglycosylated FSH bound to the complete extracellular domain of the FSH receptor crystallized as a trimeric complex. It was noted that a single biantennary glycan attached to FSHα Asn52 might preemptively fill the central pocket in this complex and prevent the other two FSH ligands from binding the remaining ligand-binding sites. As the most active FSH21 preparations possessed more rapidly migrating α-subunit bands in Western blots, we hypothesized that Asn52 glycans in these preparations were small enough to enable greater FSH21 receptor occupancy in the putative FSHR trimer model. Highly purified hFSH oligosaccharides derived from each FSH subunit, were characterized by electrospray ionization-ion mobility-collision-induced dissociation (ESI-IM-CID) mass spectrometry. FSHβ glycans typically possessed core-linked fucose and were roughly one third bi-antennary, one third tri-antennary and one third tetra-antennary. FSHα oligosaccharides largely lacked core fucose and were bi- or tri-antennary. Those αAsn52 glycans exhibiting tetra-antennary glycan m/z values were found to be tri-antennary, with lactosamine repeats accounting for the additional mass. Selective αAsn52 deglycosylation of representative pituitary hFSH glycoform Superdex 75 gel filtration fractions followed by ESI-IM-CID mass spectrometry revealed tri-antennary glycans predominated even in the lowest molecular weight FSH glycoforms. Accordingly, the differences in binding capacity of the same receptor preparation to different FSH glycoforms are likely the organization of the FSH receptor in cell membranes, rather than the αAsn52 oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Y Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Jeffrey V May
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Alan R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Tarak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - Vladimir Y Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - William K White
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
| | - David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
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26
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Rivero-Müller A, Huhtaniemi I. Genetic variants of gonadotrophins and their receptors: Impact on the diagnosis and management of the infertile patient. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 36:101596. [PMID: 34802912 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review is concerned with genetic variants of the genes encoding gonadotrophin subunits and their receptors, as well as their implications into the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. We first review briefly the basics of molecular biology and biochemistry of gonadotrophin and gonadotrophin receptor structure and function, then describe the phenotypic effects of polymorphisms and mutations of these genes, followed by diagnostic aspects. We will then summarise the information that inactivating gonadotrophin receptor mutations have provided about the controversial topic of extragonadal gonadotrophin action. Finally, we will close with the current and future therapeutic approaches on patients with gonadotrophin and their receptor mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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27
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Sinegubova M, Vorobiev I, Klishin A, Eremin D, Orlova N, Orlova N, Polzikov M. Purification Process of a Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Biosimilar (Primapur ®) to Yield a Pharmaceutical Product with High Batch-to-Batch Consistency. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:96. [PMID: 35056992 PMCID: PMC8781808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) is widely used for infertility treatment and is subject to the development of biosimilars. There are different purification strategies that can yield r-hFSH of pharmaceutical quality from Chinese hamster ovary cell culture broth. We developed a purification process for r-hFSH centered on immunoaffinity chromatography with single-domain recombinant camelid antibodies. The resulting downstream process is simple and devoid of ultrafiltration operations. Studies on chromatography resin resource and ligand leakage showed that the immunoaffinity matrix employed was suitable for industrial use and stable for at least 40 full chromatography cycles, and the leaked single-domain antibody ligand was completely removed by subsequent purification steps. All chromatography resins employed withstood the same 40 cycles of use without significant changes in separation efficiency and product binding capacity. The resulting industrial purification process yielded batches of r-hFSH with consistent levels of purity and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sinegubova
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal State Institution «Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (N.O.)
- IVFarma LLC, Nauchnyi Proezd, 20, Build. 2, 117246 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ivan Vorobiev
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal State Institution «Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (N.O.)
| | - Anatoly Klishin
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Dorozhniy Proezd, 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (N.O.)
| | - Dmitry Eremin
- IVFarma LLC, Nauchnyi Proezd, 20, Build. 2, 117246 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda Orlova
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal State Institution «Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (N.O.)
| | - Natalya Orlova
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Dorozhniy Proezd, 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (N.O.)
| | - Mikhail Polzikov
- IVFarma LLC, Nauchnyi Proezd, 20, Build. 2, 117246 Moscow, Russia;
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Monge-Ochoa B, Montoro L, Gil-Arribas E, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E, López-Pérez MJ, de Castro F, Díez-Sánchez C. Variants Ala307Ala and Ser680Ser of 307 and 680 FSHr polymorphisms negatively influence on assisted reproductive techniques outcome and determine high probability of non-pregnancy in Caucasian patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2769-2779. [PMID: 34346002 PMCID: PMC8581085 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the influence of different genotypes of Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser FSHr polymorphisms on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) outcome and pregnancy. METHODS This study collected blood and physiological and clinical parameters of 517 Caucasian patients (Statistical power ≥ 80%) that underwent COS treatment. Genotypes of Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser polymorphisms were determined using PCR amplification followed by Bsu36I and BsrI digestion, respectively. RESULTS Ala307Ala and Ser680Ser genotypes associated to worse parameters of COS outcome (preovulatory follicles P = 0.05, in both), justifying their lower pregnancy rate than Non-Ala307Ala, P = 0.01 and Non-Ser680Ser, P = 0.004, respectively or together, (P = 0.003). Within the Non-Ala307Ala group, Thr307Thr genotype showed higher number of fertilized oocytes (P = 0.04) and embryos (P = 0.01) than Non-Thr307Thr, but no influence on pregnancy rate. Ala307Ala and Ser680Ser patients doubled probability of non-pregnancy than Non-Ala307Ala (odds ratio = 2.0) and Non-Ser680Ser (odds ratio = 2.11), respectively. Ala307Ala and Ser680Ser genotypes tend to appear together (P < 0.0001), which increases the probability of non-pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Ala307Ala and Ser680Ser genotypes of 307 and 680 FSHr polymorphisms associate to worse COS outcome than its respective Non-Ala307Ala and Non-Ser680Ser. Within the Non-Ala307Ala genotypes, Thr307Thr, although shows higher Fertilized Oocytes and Embryos, do not influence on pregnancy rate. Ala307Ala and Ser680Ser genotypes double the probability of Non-Pregnancy than their respective Non-Ala307Ala and Non-Ser680Ser genotypes. Furthermore, the strong tendency of these genotypes to appear together worsens the probability of pregnancy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Monge-Ochoa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Montoro
- Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel J López-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco de Castro
- Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Díez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Duan J, Xu P, Cheng X, Mao C, Croll T, He X, Shi J, Luan X, Yin W, You E, Liu Q, Zhang S, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Xu HE. Structures of full-length glycoprotein hormone receptor signalling complexes. Nature 2021; 598:688-692. [PMID: 34552239 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are glycoprotein hormones that are related to follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone1,2. Luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin are essential to human reproduction and are important therapeutic drugs3-6. They activate the same G-protein-coupled receptor, luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), by binding to the large extracellular domain3. Here we report four cryo-electron microscopy structures of LHCGR: two structures of the wild-type receptor in the inactive and active states; and two structures of the constitutively active mutated receptor. The active structures are bound to chorionic gonadotropin and the stimulatory G protein (Gs), and one of the structures also contains Org43553, an allosteric agonist7. The structures reveal a distinct 'push-and-pull' mechanism of receptor activation, in which the extracellular domain is pushed by the bound hormone and pulled by the extended hinge loop next to the transmembrane domain. A highly conserved 10-residue fragment (P10) from the hinge C-terminal loop at the interface between the extracellular domain and the transmembrane domain functions as a tethered agonist to induce conformational changes in the transmembrane domain and G-protein coupling. Org43553 binds to a pocket of the transmembrane domain and interacts directly with P10, which further stabilizes the active conformation. Together, these structures provide a common model for understanding the signalling of glycoprotein hormone receptors and a basis for drug discovery for endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zheijang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tristan Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erli You
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China. .,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zheijang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Pharmacological Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Biased Agonists at the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189850. [PMID: 34576014 PMCID: PMC8469697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) plays a key role in reproduction through the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Low molecular weight (LMW) ligands composed of biased agonist properties are highly valuable tools to decipher complex signaling mechanisms as they allow selective activation of discrete signaling cascades. However, available LMW FSHR ligands have not been fully characterized yet. In this context, we explored the pharmacological diversity of three benzamide and two thiazolidinone derivatives compared to FSH. Concentration/activity curves were generated for Gαs, Gαq, Gαi, β-arrestin 2 recruitment, and cAMP production, using BRET assays in living cells. ERK phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blotting, and CRE-dependent transcription was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay. All assays were done in either wild-type, Gαs or β-arrestin 1/2 CRISPR knockout HEK293 cells. Bias factors were calculated for each pair of read-outs by using the operational model. Our results show that each ligand presented a discrete pharmacological efficacy compared to FSH, ranging from super-agonist for β-arrestin 2 recruitment to pure Gαs bias. Interestingly, LMW ligands generated kinetic profiles distinct from FSH (i.e., faster, slower or transient, depending on the ligand) and correlated with CRE-dependent transcription. In addition, clear system biases were observed in cells depleted of either Gαs or β-arrestin genes. Such LMW properties are useful pharmacological tools to better dissect the multiple signaling pathways activated by FSHR and assess their relative contributions at the cellular and physio-pathological levels.
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31
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Bahadori Z, Shabani AA, Minuchehr Z. Rational design of hyper-glycosylated human follicle-stimulating hormone analogs (a bioinformatics approach). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9114-9125. [PMID: 33998969 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1924268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a complex mechanism in which the carbohydrate molecules bind to the Asn amino acid in the N-glycan consensus sequence (AsnXxxThr/Ser sequon, where Xxx is any residue, excluding Pro). Introduction of additional N-linked glycosylation site into proposed location in the protein causes to its hyper-glycosylation and can enhance the protein characteristics to provide promising prospects in treatment. Glycoengineering is a favorably used strategy to design and generate hyper-glycosylated variants. In this research, human follicle-stimulating hormone (HuFSH) was considered to identify appropriate positions for adding novel N-glycan sites. A rational computational strategy was applied to predict functional/structural variations induced through changes in polypeptide chain. We analyzed the amino acid chain of FSH to find out the proper locations to introduce asparagine and/or threonine for creating novel N-glycan positions. This analysis resulted in the recognition of 40 possible N-glycosylation positions, and then the eight adequate ones were chosen for additional investigation. The model validation techniques were used to examine 3-dimensional structures of the chosen mutant proteins. Finally, 2 mutants with a further glycan site were recommended as eligible FSH hyper-glycosylated analogs, which may be regarded for subsequent experimental studies. Our in silico approach may decrease tedious and time-wasting laboratory researches of the mutants.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bahadori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Arévalo B, Serafín V, Campuzano S, Yáñez‐Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Multiplexed Determination of Fertility‐related Hormones in Saliva Using Amperometric Immunosensing. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Arévalo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - Verónica Serafín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez‐Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040- Madrid Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040- Madrid Spain
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Fukuda K, Lu F, Qin J. Molecular basis for Ras suppressor-1 binding to PINCH-1 in focal adhesion assembly. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100685. [PMID: 33891945 PMCID: PMC8141872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras suppressor-1 (Rsu-1) is a leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein that is crucial for regulating cell adhesion and is involved in such physiological and pathological processes as focal adhesion assembly and tumor metastasis. Rsu-1 interacts with zinc-finger type multi-LIM domain-containing adaptor protein PINCH-1, known to be involved in the integrin-mediated consensus adhesome, but not with its highly homologous family member PINCH-2. However, the structural basis for and regulatory mechanisms of this specific interaction remain unclear. Here, we determined the crystal structures of Rsu-1 and its complex with the PINCH-1 LIM4-5 domains. Rsu-1 displays an arc-shaped solenoid architecture, with eight LRRs shielded by N- and C-terminal capping modules. We showed that the conserved concave surface of the Rsu-1 LRR domain binds and stabilizes the PINCH-1 LIM5 domain via salt bridge and hydrophobic interactions, while the C-terminal non-LIM region of PINCH-2 sterically disfavors Rsu-1 binding. We also showed that Rsu-1 can be assembled, via PINCH-1-binding, into a heteropentamer complex comprising Rsu-1, PINCH-1, ILK, Parvin, and Kindlin-2, which constitute a major consensus integrin adhesome crucial for focal adhesion assembly. Our mutagenesis and cell biological data emphasize the significance of the Rsu-1/PINCH-1 interaction in focal adhesion assembly and cell spreading, providing crucial molecular insights into Rsu-1-mediated cell adhesion with implications for disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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34
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A Novel Follitropin Analog Inhibits Follitropin Activity In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030325. [PMID: 33802415 PMCID: PMC7998534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Follitropin (FSH) is a heterodimeric protein composed of an α subunit that is shared with the glycoprotein hormone family, including lutropin (LH), thyrotropin (TSH), human choriogonadotropin (hCG), and a unique β specific subunit. Both α and FSHβ subunits contain two sites of N-linked oligosaccharides, which are important for its function. FSH has a crucial function in the reproductive process in mammals. However, there are some clinical conditions, such as menopausal osteoporosis or adiposity, associated with increased FSH activity. Moreover, in some cases, carcinogenesis is evidently associated with activation of FSH receptor. Therefore, developing a follitropin antagonist might be beneficial in the treatment of these conditions. Here, we describe a novel, engineered, non-glycosylated single-chain FSH variant, prepared by site-directed mutagenesis and fusion of the coding genes of the α and β subunits. The designed variant was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and successfully secreted into the culture medium. We found that the non-glycosylated single-chain FSH analog binds with high affinity to FSH receptor and efficiently inhibits FSH activity in vitro. This variant acts at the receptor level and has the potential to serve as a follitropin antagonist for clinical applications in the future.
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35
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Dias JA, Ulloa-Aguirre A. New Human Follitropin Preparations: How Glycan Structural Differences May Affect Biochemical and Biological Function and Clinical Effect. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636038. [PMID: 33815292 PMCID: PMC8018285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that pituitary follitropin is secreted into the circulation as a mixture of variants, which differ not in primary structure but rather at the level of glycosylation. These glycosidic forms vary in the number of glycosylation sites filled, complexity of glycosidic chains, and sialylation and sulfation. It is generally agreed that high sialylation, 2,3 sialic acid capping of terminal N-acetyl galactosamine or galactose leads to longer circulating half-life, by blocking binding of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in the liver. In contrast, 2,6 sialic acid found in humans does not prevent recognition of galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine by ASGPR. Few studies on clinical outcomes comparing differences in sialylation of follitropin found in commercially available preparations are available. Thus, there is a clear need for a consortium of open data to address this unmet need. Recently, FSH glycosylation, primarily on the β-subunit, which varies as women age, has emerged as a key modifier of follitropin action, with profound biological effects in vivo in animal models. To date, limited information of recombinant follitropin hormone preparations is available. Thus, most of the studies with FSH that is well characterized biochemically have been done in vitro, with engineered non gonadal host cells bearing recombinant receptors or in animal models. Since limited studies in human granulosa cells are available, a question is whether structural differences in glycosylation in commercially available follitropin affects biological function and clinical effect in humans. The presence of fucose, for example, has not been studied greatly even though, in the case of antibody therapy it has been shown to have a large effect on antibody targeting. This review on glycosidic variability of follitropin from the biochemical/structural point of view reflects on this question and presents an assessment in the context of available published data. If clinical differences are to be expected or not, the readers will have a better understanding of the evidence for and limitations of such expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: James A. Dias,
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ., Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Newton CL, Anderson RC, Kreuchwig A, Krause G, Katz AA, Millar RP. Rescue of Function of Mutant Luteinising Hormone Receptors with Deficiencies in Cell Surface Expression, Hormone Binding, and Hormone Signalling. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:451-464. [PMID: 32316022 DOI: 10.1159/000508000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mutations are implicated in many diseases. Most inactivating mutations cause receptor misfolding and prevent trafficking to the plasma membrane. Pharmacological chaperones can "rescue" cell surface expression of such mutants, presumably by stabilising correct folding of the nascent protein. OBJECTIVE Here we examine the scope of intracellularly retained luteinising hormone receptor (LHR) mutants that can be "rescued" by the pharmacological chaperone LHR-Chap, and whether this allosteric agonist can also restore the function of mutant LHRs with deficiencies in hormone binding or hormone-induced signalling. METHODS Mutant LHRs were expressed in HEK 293-T cells. Cell surface expression/localisation, hormone binding, and hCG/LHR-Chap signalling were determined by ELISA, radioligand binding, and inositol phosphate accumulation assays, respectively. Molecular modelling predicted LHR-Chap interactions. RESULTS LHR-Chap increased cell surface expression of a subset of retained mutants located in transmembrane helices predicted to be stabilised by LHR-Chap binding. For 3 (T4613.47I, L5024.61P, and S6167.46Y) hCG-responsiveness was increased following treatment. LHRs with mutations in the hormone-binding site (C131ECDR and I152ECDT) or in the hinge region (E354HingeK) had good cell surface expression but poor response to hormone stimulation, yet were responsive to allosteric activation by LHR-Chap. CONCLUSIONS LHR-Chap, in addition to rescuing cell surface expression of intracellularly retained LHR mutants, can rescue function in mutant receptors with binding and signalling deficiencies that have normal cell surface expression. This demonstration of rescue of multiple elements of LHR dysfunction arising from inactivating mutations offers exceptional potential for treating patients with diseases arising from GPCR mutations in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Newton
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,
| | - Ross Calley Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annika Kreuchwig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Krause
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arieh Anthony Katz
- UCT Receptor Biology Research Unit and SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert Peter Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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37
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Bianco B, Loureiro FA, Trevisan CM, Peluso C, Christofolini DM, Montagna E, Laganà AS, Barbosa CP. Effects of FSHR and FSHB Variants on Hormonal Profile and Reproductive Outcomes of Infertile Women With Endometriosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:760616. [PMID: 34659133 PMCID: PMC8514996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.760616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) FSHB:c.-211G>T, FSHR:c.919G>A, and FSHR:c.2039G>A were reported to be associated with the variability in FSH and LH levels, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of FSHB:c.-211G>T, FSHR:c.919G>A, and FSHR:c.2039G>A variants, alone and combined, on the hormonal profile and reproduction outcomes of women with endometriosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed comprising 213 infertile Brazilian women with endometriosis who underwent IVF treatment. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan real-time PCR. Variables were compared according to the genotypes of each variant and genetic models, and the combined effects of the SNVs were evaluated using the multifactorial dimensionality reduction method. RESULTS FSHB:c.-211G>T affected LH levels in women with overall endometriosis and minimal/mild disease. FSHR:c.919G>A affected FSH levels in women with overall endometriosis and the number of oocytes retrieved in those with moderate/severe endometriosis. Moreover, the FSHR:c.2039G>A affected FSH levels in women with overall endometriosis, LH levels and total amount of rFSH in those with minimal/mild disease, and number of follicles and number of oocytes retrieved in those with moderate/severe endometriosis. No effect on hormone profile or reproductive outcomes was observed when the genotypes were combined. CONCLUSIONS Variants of the FSHB and FSHR genes separately interfered with the hormonal profiles and IVF outcomes of women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianco
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Department of Urology, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bianca Bianco,
| | - Flavia Altheman Loureiro
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carla Peluso
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Erik Montagna
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and Populational Genetics – Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, Brazil
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Cheung J, Lokman NA, Abraham RD, Macpherson AM, Lee E, Grutzner F, Ghinea N, Oehler MK, Ricciardelli C. Reduced Gonadotrophin Receptor Expression Is Associated with a More Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010071. [PMID: 33374698 PMCID: PMC7793521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) play important roles in regulating cell growth and proliferation in the ovary. However, few studies have explored the expression of FSH and LH receptors (FSHR and LHCGR) in ovarian cancer, and their functional roles in cancer progression remain inconclusive. This study investigated the potential impact of both mRNA (FSHR, LHCGR) and protein (FSHR, LHCGR) expression on ovarian cancer progression using publicly available online databases, qRT-PCR (high grade serous ovarian cancers, HGSOC, n = 29 and benign ovarian tumors, n = 17) and immunohistochemistry (HGSOC, n = 144). In addition, we investigated the effect of FSHR and LHCGR siRNA knockdown on the pro-metastatic behavior of serous ovarian cancer cells in vitro. High FSHR or high LHCGR expression in patients with all subtypes of high-grade ovarian cancer was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). High FSHR protein expression was associated with increased PFS (p = 0.050) and OS (p = 0.025). HGSOC patients with both high FSHR and high LHCGR protein levels had the best survival outcome, whilst both low FSHR and low LHCGR expression was associated with poorest survival (p = 0.019). Knockdown of FSHR significantly increased the invasion of serous ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR3 and COV362) in vitro. LHCGR knockdown also promoted invasion of COV362 cells. This study highlights that lower FSHR and LHCGR expression is associated with a more aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer phenotype and promotes pro-metastatic behaviour.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Cheung
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Noor A. Lokman
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Riya D. Abraham
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Anne M. Macpherson
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
| | - Eunice Lee
- School of Biological Science, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (E.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Frank Grutzner
- School of Biological Science, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (E.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Nicolae Ghinea
- Curie Institute, Research Center, Translational Research Department, Tumor Angiogenesis Team, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (J.C.); (N.A.L.); (R.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (M.K.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Sposini S, De Pascali F, Richardson R, Sayers NS, Perrais D, Yu HN, Palmer S, Nataraja S, Reiter E, Hanyaloglu AC. Pharmacological Programming of Endosomal Signaling Activated by Small Molecule Ligands of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:593492. [PMID: 33329002 PMCID: PMC7734412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with pivotal roles in reproduction. One key mechanism dictating the signal activity of GPCRs is membrane trafficking. After binding its hormone FSH, FSHR undergoes internalization to very early endosomes (VEEs) for its acute signaling and sorting to a rapid recycling pathway. The VEE is a heterogeneous compartment containing the Adaptor Protein Phosphotyrosine Interacting with Pleckstrin homology Domain and Leucine Zipper 1 (APPL1) with distinct functions in regulating endosomal Gαs/cAMP signaling and rapid recycling. Low molecular weight (LMW) allosteric FSHR ligands were developed for use in assisted reproductive technology yet could also provide novel pharmacological tools to study FSHR. Given the critical nature of receptor internalization and endosomal signaling for FSHR activity, we assessed whether these compounds exhibit differential abilities to alter receptor endosomal trafficking and signaling within the VEE. Two chemically distinct LMW agonists (benzamide, termed B3 and thiazolidinone, termed T1) were employed. T1 was able to induce a greater level of cAMP than FSH and B3. As cAMP signaling drives gonadotrophin hormone receptor recycling, rapid exocytic events were evaluated at single event resolution. Strikingly, T1 was able to induce a 3-fold increase in recycling events compared to FSH and two-fold more compared to B3. As T1-induced internalization was only marginally greater, the dramatic increase in recycling and cAMP signaling may be due to additional mechanisms. All compounds exhibited a similar requirement for receptor internalization to increase cAMP and proportion of FSHR endosomes with active Gαs, suggesting regulation of cAMP signaling induced by T1 may be altered. APPL1 plays a central role for GPCRs targeted to the VEE, and indeed, loss of APPL1 inhibited FSH-induced recycling and increased endosomal cAMP signaling. While T1-induced FSHR recycling was APPL1-dependent, its elevated cAMP signaling was only partially increased following APPL1 knockdown. Unexpectedly, B3 altered the dependence of FSHR to APPL1 in an opposing manner, whereby its endosomal signaling was negatively regulated by APPL1, while B3-induced FSHR recycling was APPL1-independent. Overall, FSHR allosteric compounds have the potential to re-program FSHR activity via altering engagement with VEE machinery and also suggests that these two distinct functions of APPL1 can potentially be selected pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sposini
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Rachel Richardson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh S. Sayers
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Perrais
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Henry N. Yu
- CanWell Pharma Inc., Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Stephen Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Aylin C. Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Prabhudesai KS, Raje S, Dhamanaskar A, Modi D, Dighe V, Contini A, Idicula-Thomas S. Identification and in vivo validation of a 9-mer peptide derived from FSHβ with FSHR antagonist activity. Peptides 2020; 132:170367. [PMID: 32645381 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FSH-FSHR interaction is critical for folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis and progression of several cancers. Therefore, FSHR is an attractive target for fertility regulation and cancer therapeutics. Based on homology and structural analysis of hFSH-FSHR(ECD) complex, a minimal continuous stretch within FSHβ seat-belt loop (FSHβ (89-97)) was identified to be crucial for FSHR interaction. The ability of FSHβ (89-97) peptide to neutralize FSHR activity was evaluated by a panel of in vitro and in vivo experiments. The synthetic peptide significantly inhibited binding of [125I]-FSH to rat Fshr as well as FSH-induced cAMP production. In immature rats, FSHβ (89-97) peptide administration reduced FSH-mediated increase in ovarian weight. The peptide inhibited transition of follicles from pre-antral to antral stage and hindered the cell cycle progression of granulosa cells beyond G0/G1 phase. In adult rats, administration of the peptide inhibited estradiol synthesis and significantly perturbed folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushiki S Prabhudesai
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Raje
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Dhamanaskar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "Alessandro Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India.
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Althumairy D, Zhang X, Baez N, Barisas G, Roess DA, Bousfield GR, Crans DC. Glycoprotein G-protein Coupled Receptors in Disease: Luteinizing Hormone Receptors and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptors. Diseases 2020; 8:E35. [PMID: 32942611 PMCID: PMC7565105 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by luteinizing hormone receptors (LHRs) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRs) is essential for the successful reproduction of human beings. Both receptors and the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor are members of a subset of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) described as the glycoprotein hormone receptors. Their ligands, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and a structurally related hormone produced in pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are large protein hormones that are extensively glycosylated. Although the primary physiologic functions of these receptors are in ovarian function and maintenance of pregnancy in human females and spermatogenesis in males, there are reports of LHRs or FSHRs involvement in disease processes both in the reproductive system and elsewhere. In this review, we evaluate the aggregation state of the structure of actively signaling LHRs or FSHRs, their functions in reproduction as well as summarizing disease processes related to receptor mutations affecting receptor function or expression in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. We will also present novel strategies for either increasing or reducing the activity of LHRs signaling. Such approaches to modify signaling by glycoprotein receptors may prove advantageous in treating diseases relating to LHRs or FSHRs function in addition to furthering the identification of new strategies for modulating GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Althumairy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.A.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (X.Z.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicholas Baez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (X.Z.); (N.B.)
| | - George Barisas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.A.); (G.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (X.Z.); (N.B.)
| | - Deborah A. Roess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - George R. Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA;
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.A.); (G.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (X.Z.); (N.B.)
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Schulze A, Kleinau G, Neumann S, Scheerer P, Schöneberg T, Brüser A. The intramolecular agonist is obligate for activation of glycoprotein hormone receptors. FASEB J 2020; 34:11243-11256. [PMID: 32648604 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to most rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, the glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHR) have a large extracellular N-terminus for hormone binding. The hormones do not directly activate the transmembrane domain but mediate their action via a, thus, far only partially known Tethered Agonistic LIgand (TALI). The existence of such an intramolecular agonist was initially indicated by site-directed mutation studies and activating peptides derived from the extracellular hinge region. It is still unknown precisely how TALI is involved in intramolecular signal transmission. We combined systematic mutagenesis studies at the luteinizing hormone receptor and the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), stimulation with a drug-like agonist (E2) of the TSHR, and structural homology modeling to unravel the functional and structural properties defining the TALI region. Here, we report that TALI (a) is predisposed to constitutively activate GPHR, (b) can by itself rearrange GPHR into a fully active conformation, (c) stabilizes active GPHR conformation, and (d) is not involved in activation of the TSHR by E2. In the active state conformation, TALI forms specific interactions between the N-terminus and the transmembrane domain. We show that stabilization of an active state is dependent on TALI, including activation by hormones and constitutively activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Schulze
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Neumann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Brüser
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Simoni M, Brigante G, Rochira V, Santi D, Casarini L. Prospects for FSH Treatment of Male Infertility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5831300. [PMID: 32374828 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the new opportunities provided by assisted reproductive technology (ART), male infertility treatment is far from being optimized. One possibility, based on pathophysiological evidence, is to stimulate spermatogenesis with gonadotropins. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a comprehensive systematic PubMed literature review, up to January 2020, of studies evaluating the genetic basis of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action, the role of FSH in spermatogenesis, and the effects of its administration in male infertility. Manuscripts evaluating the role of genetic polymorphisms and FSH administration in women undergoing ART were considered whenever relevant. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS FSH treatment has been successfully used in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but with questionable results in idiopathic male infertility. A limitation of this approach is that treatment plans for male infertility have been borrowed from hypogonadism, without daring to overstimulate, as is done in women undergoing ART. FSH effectiveness depends not only on its serum levels, but also on individual genetic variants able to determine hormonal levels, activity, and receptor response. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta (FSHB) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) genes have been described, with some of them affecting testicular volume and sperm output. The FSHR p.N680S and the FSHB -211G>T variants could be genetic markers to predict FSH response. CONCLUSIONS FSH may be helpful to increase sperm production in infertile men, even if the evidence to recommend the use of FSH in this setting is weak. Placebo-controlled clinical trials, considering the FSHB-FSHR haplotype, are needed to define the most effective dosage, the best treatment length, and the criteria to select candidate responder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rochira
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Santi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Hong SH, Hong YS, Jeong K, Chung H, Lee H, Sung YA. Relationship between the characteristic traits of polycystic ovary syndrome and susceptibility genes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10479. [PMID: 32591571 PMCID: PMC7320020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Han Chinese, Korean, and European populations identified multiple PCOS-susceptible loci; however, only a few studies reported the association of susceptibility genes with disease phenotypic traits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between PCOS susceptibility genes from GWAS and disease-related clinical features. A total of 1,810 reproductive-aged women were recruited, including 927 control women and 883 women with PCOS, diagnosed based on the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology criteria. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped, and a Bonferroni test was performed to determine the association between 12 independent SNPs and the clinical features of PCOS. In women with PCOS, rs11031006, nearest to FSHB, was significantly associated with free testosterone (P = 1.94 × 10-3) and luteinizing hormone (P = 1.96 × 10-3) levels. The menstruation number per year, ovarian follicular number, ovarian volume, and insulin sensitivity index were not associated with any SNP. In the control group, no SNPs were associated with any PCOS traits. Collectively, our results suggest that FSHB may play an important role in the development and progression of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungah Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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D’Ambrosio EA, Bersch KL, Lauro ML, Grimes CL. Differential Peptidoglycan Recognition Assay Using Varied Surface Presentations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10926-10930. [PMID: 32520538 PMCID: PMC7601999 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) is recognized by the human innate immune system to generate an appropriate response. To gain an appreciation of how this essential polymer is sensed, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay using varied PG surface presentation was developed. PG derivatives were synthesized and immobilized on the surface at different positions on the molecule to assess effects of ligand orientation on the binding affinities of NOD-like receptors (NLRs). NLRP1 and NOD2 are cytosolic innate immune proteins known to generate an immune response to PG. Both possess conserved leucine rich repeat domains (LRR) as proposed sites of molecular recognition, though limited biochemical evidence exists regarding the mechanisms of PG recognition. Here direct biochemical evidence for the association of PG fragments to NOD2 and NLRP1 with nanomolar affinity is shown. The orientations in which the fragments were presented on the SPR surface influenced the strength of PG recognition by both NLRs. This assay displays fundamental differences in binding preferences for PG by innate immune receptors and reveals unique recognition mechanisms between the LRRs. Each receptor uses specific ligand structural features to achieve optimal binding, which will be critical information to manipulate these responses and combat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klare L. Bersch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Mackenzie L. Lauro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Catherine L. Grimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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Integrated structural modeling and super-resolution imaging resolve GPCR oligomers. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 169:151-179. [PMID: 31952685 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Formation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) dimers and higher order oligomers represents a key mechanism in pleiotropic signaling, yet how individual protomers function within oligomers remains poorly understood. For the Class A/rhodopsin subfamily of glycoprotein hormone receptors (GpHRs), di/oligomerization has been demonstrated to play a significant role in regulating its signaling activity at a cellular and physiological level and even pathophysiologically. Here we will describe and discuss the developments in our understanding of GPCR oligomerization, in both health and disease, from the study of this unique and complex subfamily of GPCRs with light on the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). Focus will be put on the results of an approach relying on the combination of atomistic modeling by protein-protein docking with super-resolution imaging. The latter could resolve single LHR molecules to ~8nm resolution in functional asymmetric dimers and oligomers, using dual-color photoactivatable dyes and localization microscopy (PD-PALM). Structural modeling of functionally asymmetric LHR trimers and tetramers strongly aligned with PD-PALM-imaged spatial arrangements, identifying multiple possible helix interfaces mediating inter-protomer associations. Diverse spatial and structural assemblies mediating GPCR oligomerization may acutely fine-tune the cellular signaling profile.
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47
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Larson SB, McPherson A. The crystal structure of the β subunit of luteinizing hormone and a model for the intact hormone. Curr Res Struct Biol 2019; 1:1-5. [PMID: 34235462 PMCID: PMC8244496 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The β subunit of bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) was crystallized and its structure solved to 3.15 Å resolution by molecular replacement using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) β subunit as search model. The asymmetric unit contains two copies of the β subunit that are related by a non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) two-fold axis, both copies of which contain proteolytic cleavages after amino acid 100. It is noteworthy that the oligosaccharide moieties covalently attached at asparagine 13 were particularly pronounced in the electron density, allowing seven sugar residues to be defined. The α subunit of LH, which is common to all glycosylated gonadotropin hormones, was placed by superposition of hCG on the LH beta subunits, thereby yielding a model for the intact hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Larson
- Dept. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander McPherson
- Dept. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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48
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Matsushima N, Takatsuka S, Miyashita H, Kretsinger RH. Leucine Rich Repeat Proteins: Sequences, Mutations, Structures and Diseases. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:108-131. [PMID: 30526451 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181208170027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) containing proteins are associated with over sixty human diseases; these include high myopia, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, and Crohn's disease. These mutations occur frequently within the LRR domains and within the regions that shield the hydrophobic core of the LRR domain. The amino acid sequences of fifty-five LRR proteins have been published. They include Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs) such as NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP14, and Nod-2, Small Leucine Rich Repeat Proteoglycans (SLRPs) such as keratocan, lumican, fibromodulin, PRELP, biglycan, and nyctalopin, and F-box/LRR-repeat proteins such as FBXL2, FBXL4, and FBXL12. For example, 363 missense mutations have been identified. Replacement of arginine, proline, or cysteine by another amino acid, or the reverse, is frequently observed. The diverse effects of the mutations are discussed based on the known structures of LRR proteins. These mutations influence protein folding, aggregation, oligomerization, stability, protein-ligand interactions, disulfide bond formation, and glycosylation. Most of the mutations cause loss of function and a few, gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Matsushima
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.,Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu 059-0464, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takatsuka
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyashita
- Institute of Tandem Repeats, Noboribetsu 059-0464, Japan.,Hokubu Rinsho Co., Ltd, Sapporo 060-0061, Japan
| | - Robert H Kretsinger
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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Hsueh AJ, He J. Gonadotropins and their receptors: coevolution, genetic variants, receptor imaging, and functional antagonists. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:3-12. [PMID: 29462242 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropins belong to the family of dimeric glycoprotein hormones and regulate gonadal physiology mediated by G protein-coupled, seven-transmembrane receptors. These glycoprotein hormones are widely used in the clinic to promote ovarian follicle development and for treating some cases of male infertility. We traced the coevolution of dimeric gonadotropin hormones and their receptors, together with thyrotropin and its receptor. We updated recent findings on human genetic variants of these genes and their association with dizygotic twining, polycystic ovarian syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency, male-limited precocious puberty, and infertility. In addition to the known physiological roles of gonadotropin-receptor signaling in gonadal tissues, we also discussed emerging understanding of extragonadal functions of gonadotropins in bones and adipose tissues, together with recent advances in in vivo imaging of gonadotropin receptors in live animals. Recent development of gonadotropin receptor agonists and antagonists were summarized with an emphasis on the development of functional antagonists for FSH receptors to alleviate osteoporosis and obesity associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Hsueh
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jiahuan He
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Sahu B, Shah S, Prabhudesai K, Contini A, Idicula-Thomas S. Discovery of small molecule binders of human FSHR(TMD) with novel structural scaffolds by integrating structural bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:156-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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