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Geier KT, Martone GI, Hauke P, Ketterle W, Stringari S. Dynamics of Stripe Patterns in Supersolid Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:156001. [PMID: 37115886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.156001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite ground-breaking observations of supersolidity in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, until now the dynamics of the emerging spatially periodic density modulations has been vastly unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the nonrigidity of the density stripes in such a supersolid condensate and explore their dynamic behavior subject to spin perturbations. We show both analytically in infinite systems and numerically in the presence of a harmonic trap how spin waves affect the supersolid's density profile in the form of crystal waves, inducing oscillations of the periodicity as well as the orientation of the fringes. Both these features are well within reach of present-day experiments. Our results show that this system is a paradigmatic supersolid, featuring superfluidity in conjunction with a fully dynamic crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Geier
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni I Martone
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Philipp Hauke
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sandro Stringari
- Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
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2
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Qin J, Zhou L. Supersolid gap soliton in a Bose-Einstein condensate and optical ring cavity coupling system. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054214. [PMID: 35706219 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The system of a transversely pumped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) coupled to a lossy ring cavity can favor a supersolid steady state. Here we find the existence of supersolid gap soliton in such a driven-dissipative system. By numerically solving the mean-field atom-cavity field coupling equations, gap solitons of a few different families have been identified. Their dynamical properties, including stability, propagation, and soliton collision, are also studied. Due to the feedback atom-intracavity field interaction, these supersolid gap solitons show numerous new features compared with the usual BEC gap solitons in static optical lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Qin
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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4
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Self assembling cluster crystals from DNA based dendritic nanostructures. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7167. [PMID: 34887410 PMCID: PMC8660878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster crystals are periodic structures with lattice sites occupied by several, overlapping building blocks, featuring fluctuating site occupancy, whose expectation value depends on thermodynamic conditions. Their assembly from atomic or mesoscopic units is long-sought-after, but its experimental realization still remains elusive. Here, we show the existence of well-controlled soft matter cluster crystals. We fabricate dendritic-linear-dendritic triblock composed of a thermosensitive water-soluble polymer and nanometer-scale all-DNA dendrons of the first and second generation. Conclusive small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) evidence reveals that solutions of these triblock at sufficiently high concentrations undergo a reversible phase transition from a cluster fluid to a body-centered cubic (BCC) cluster crystal with density-independent lattice spacing, through alteration of temperature. Moreover, a rich concentration-temperature phase diagram demonstrates the emergence of various ordered nanostructures, including BCC cluster crystals, birefringent cluster crystals, as well as hexagonal phases and cluster glass-like kinetically arrested states at high densities. Experimental realization of cluster crystals- periodic structures with lattice sites occupied by several, overlapping building blocks, has been elusive. Here, the authors show the existence of well-controlled soft matter cluster crystals composed of a thermosensitive water-soluble polymer and nanometer-scale all-DNA dendrons.
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Hertkorn J, Schmidt JN, Guo M, Böttcher F, Ng KSH, Graham SD, Uerlings P, Büchler HP, Langen T, Zwierlein M, Pfau T. Supersolidity in Two-Dimensional Trapped Dipolar Droplet Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:155301. [PMID: 34678009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the ground states and the spectrum of elementary excitations across the superfluid to droplet crystallization transition of an oblate dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. We systematically identify regimes where spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking leads to the emergence of a supersolid phase with characteristic collective excitations, such as the Higgs amplitude mode. Furthermore, we study the dynamics across the transition and show how these supersolids can be realized with standard protocols in state-of-the-art experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hertkorn
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J-N Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Guo
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Böttcher
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K S H Ng
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S D Graham
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Uerlings
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Zwierlein
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Geier KT, Martone GI, Hauke P, Stringari S. Exciting the Goldstone Modes of a Supersolid Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:115301. [PMID: 34558946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supersolidity is deeply connected with the emergence of Goldstone modes, reflecting the spontaneous breaking of both phase and translational symmetry. Here, we propose accessible signatures of these modes in harmonically trapped spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, where supersolidity appears in the form of stripes. By suddenly changing the trapping frequency, an axial breathing oscillation is generated, whose behavior changes drastically at the critical Raman coupling. Above the transition, a single mode of hybridized density and spin nature is excited, while below it, we predict a beating effect signaling the excitation of a Goldstone spin-dipole mode. We further provide evidence for the Goldstone mode associated with the translational motion of stripes. Our results open up new perspectives for probing supersolid properties in experimentally relevant configurations with both symmetric as well as highly asymmetric intraspecies interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Geier
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni I Martone
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philipp Hauke
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Sandro Stringari
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
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Adhikari SK. Spatial order in a two-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled spin-1/2 condensate: superlattice, multi-ring and stripe formation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:425402. [PMID: 34289454 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac16ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of stable spatially-ordered states in auniformand alsotrappedquasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) Rashba or Dresselhaus spin-orbit (SO) coupled pseudo spin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensate using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For weak SO coupling, one can have a circularly-symmetric (0, +1)- or (0, -1)-type multi-ring state with intrinsic vorticity, for Rashba or Dresselhaus SO coupling, respectively, where the numbers in the parentheses denote the net angular momentum projection in the two components, in addition to a circularly-asymmetric degenerate state with zero net angular momentum projection. For intermediate SO couplings, in addition to the above two types, one can also have states with stripe pattern in component densities with no periodic modulation in total density. The stripe state continues to exist for large SO coupling. In addition, a new spatially-periodic state appears in the uniform system: asuperlatticestate, possessing some properties of asupersolid, with a square-lattice pattern in component densities and also in total density. In a trapped system the superlattice state is slightly different with multi-ring pattern in component density and a square-lattice pattern in total density. For an equal mixture of Rashba and Dresselhaus SO couplings, in both uniform and trapped systems, only stripe states are found for all strengths of SO couplings. In a uniform system all these states are quasi-2D solitonic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Adhikari
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 01.140-070 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Böttcher F, Schmidt JN, Hertkorn J, Ng KSH, Graham SD, Guo M, Langen T, Pfau T. New states of matter with fine-tuned interactions: quantum droplets and dipolar supersolids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:012403. [PMID: 33176284 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abc9ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum fluctuations can stabilize Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) against the mean-field collapse. Stabilization of the condensate has been observed in quantum degenerate Bose-Bose mixtures and dipolar BECs. The fine-tuning of the interatomic interactions can lead to the emergence of two new states of matter: liquid-like self-bound quantum droplets and supersolid crystals formed from these droplets. We review the properties of these exotic states of matter and summarize the experimental progress made using dipolar quantum gases and Bose-Bose mixtures. We conclude with an outline of important open questions that could be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Böttcher
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Hertkorn
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kevin S H Ng
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sean D Graham
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingyang Guo
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tim Langen
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Schuster SC, Wolf P, Ostermann S, Slama S, Zimmermann C. Supersolid Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Ring Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:143602. [PMID: 32338967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with two noninterfering and counterpropagating modes of a ring resonator. Superfluid, supersolid, and dynamic phases are identified experimentally and theoretically. The supersolid phase is obtained for sufficiently equal pump strengths for the two modes. In this regime we observe the emergence of a steady state with crystalline order, which spontaneously breaks the continuous translational symmetry of the system. The supersolidity of this state is demonstrated by the conservation of global phase coherence at the superfluid to supersolid phase transition. Above a critical pump asymmetry the system evolves into a dynamic runaway instability commonly known as collective atomic recoil lasing. We present a phase diagram and characterize the individual phases by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Schuster
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Wolf
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Ostermann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstaße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Slama
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Zimmermann
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Roccuzzo SM, Gallemí A, Recati A, Stringari S. Rotating a Supersolid Dipolar Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:045702. [PMID: 32058751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.045702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Distinctive features of supersolids show up in their rotational properties. We calculate the moment of inertia of a harmonically trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensed gas as a function of the tunable scattering length parameter, providing the transition from the (fully) superfluid to the supersolid phase and eventually to an incoherent crystal of self-bound droplets. The transition from the superfluid to the supersolid phase is characterized by a jump in the moment of inertia, revealing its first order nature. In the case of elongated trapping in the plane of rotation, we show that the moment of inertia determines the value of the frequency of the scissors mode, which is significantly affected by the reduction of superfluidity in the supersolid phase. The case of an in-plane isotropic trapping is instead well suited to study the formation of quantized vortices, which are shown to be characterized, in the supersolid phase, by a sizeable deformed core, caused by the presence of the surrounding density peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Roccuzzo
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - A Gallemí
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - A Recati
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - S Stringari
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Trento, Italy
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11
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Tanzi L, Roccuzzo SM, Lucioni E, Famà F, Fioretti A, Gabbanini C, Modugno G, Recati A, Stringari S. Supersolid symmetry breaking from compressional oscillations in a dipolar quantum gas. Nature 2019; 574:382-385. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Petter D, Natale G, van Bijnen RMW, Patscheider A, Mark MJ, Chomaz L, Ferlaino F. Probing the Roton Excitation Spectrum of a Stable Dipolar Bose Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:183401. [PMID: 31144863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We measure the excitation spectrum of a stable dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate over a wide momentum range via Bragg spectroscopy. We precisely control the relative strength ε_{dd} of the dipolar to the contact interactions and observe that the spectrum increasingly deviates from the linear phononic behavior for increasing ε_{dd}. Reaching the dipolar-dominated regime ε_{dd}>1, we observe the emergence of a roton minimum in the spectrum and its softening towards instability. We characterize how the excitation energy and the strength of the density-density correlations at the roton momentum vary with ε_{dd}. Our findings are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on mean-field Bogoliubov theory. When including beyond-mean-field corrections, in the form of a Lee-Huang-Yang potential, we observe a quantitative deviation from the experiment, questioning the validity of such a description in the roton regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Petter
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Natale
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R M W van Bijnen
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Patscheider
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Han W, Zhang XF, Wang DS, Jiang HF, Zhang W, Zhang SG. Chiral Supersolid in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose Gases with Soft-Core Long-Range Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:030404. [PMID: 30085824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chirality represents a kind of symmetry breaking characterized by the noncoincidence of an object with its mirror image and has been attracting intense attention in a broad range of scientific areas. The recent realization of spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atomic gases provides a new perspective to study quantum states with chirality. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the combined effects of spin-orbit coupling and interatomic soft-core long-range interaction can induce an exotic supersolid phase in which the chiral symmetry is broken with spontaneous emergence of circulating particle current. This implies that a finite angular momentum can be generated with neither rotation nor effective magnetic field. The direction of the angular momentum can be altered by adjusting the strength of spin-orbit coupling or interatomic interaction. The predicted chiral supersolid phase can be experimentally observed in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deng-Shan Wang
- School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shou-Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Geng HY, Wu Q, Sun Y. Prediction of a Mobile Solid State in Dense Hydrogen under High Pressures. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:223-228. [PMID: 27973848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid rigidity and liquid-scale mobility are thought to be incompatible in elemental substances. One cannot have an elemental solid that is long-range positionally ordered wherein the atoms flow like in a liquid simultaneously. The only exception might be the hypothetical supersolid state of 4He. In this work, we demonstrate that such exotic state could exist even in the classical regime. Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and ab initio path integral molecular dynamics (AI-PIMD), a novel state of dense hydrogen that simultaneously has both long-range spatial ordering and liquid-scale atomic mobility is discovered at 1 to 1.5 TPa (1 TPa ≈ 10 000 000 atmospheric pressures). The features distinct from a normal solid and liquid are carefully characterized, and the stability and melting behavior are investigated. Extensive AI-PIMD simulations further revealed that this state might be (meta-)stable even at ultralow temperatures, suggesting an emerging candidate for an alternative type of supersolid state in dense metallic hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Y Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP ; P.O. Box 919-102 Mianyang, Sichuan P. R. China , 621900
| | - Q Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP ; P.O. Box 919-102 Mianyang, Sichuan P. R. China , 621900
| | - Y Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP ; P.O. Box 919-102 Mianyang, Sichuan P. R. China , 621900
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15
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Bourdillon A, Ropars G, Gaffet S, Le Floch A. Opposite sense ground rotations of a pair of Cavendish balances in earthquakes. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2014.0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the intermingled translational and rotational effects occurring in earthquakes, the translational effects are rather well understood. Recent experiments have been performed to investigate the rotational effects which have been observed for centuries that remain intriguing and less well understood. Although rotational seismology is of interest in a wide range of disciplines, rotational ground motions remain challenging to detect directly, especially their sense of rotation. To avoid a possible random response of a single balance, we locate two Cavendish balances in an ultra-low-noise laboratory. For the two successive 2012 Italian earthquakes in Emilia detected in exactly the same direction, opposed counterclockwise and clockwise responses of the two balances are recorded at the same site. Despite the complex combinations of Rayleigh and Love surface waves in the far-field, the two circular fundamental eigenmodes of the gravity-free torsion balances permit the determination of the ground rotation senses, which are indirectly confirmed by the phase shifted acceleration components in the balance frequency bandwidth, as well as the corresponding opposite driving angular impulses. The versatility of the Cavendish balances suggests that they could be used as inexpensive rotational sensor arrays in seismic areas to follow the propagation of ground rotations from the epicentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Bourdillon
- Institut d'Electronique et des Télécommunications de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6164, France
| | - Guy Ropars
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers URU 435, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Stéphane Gaffet
- Laboratoire Souterrain Bas Bruit (LSBB) UMS 3538, Université d'Avignon, CNRS, La Grande Combe, Rustrel 84400, France
- Géoazur UMR CNRS 7329, 250 rue Albert Einstein, Les Lucioles 1, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France
| | - Albert Le Floch
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers URU 435, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France
- Laboratoire d'Electronique Quantique et Chiralités, Université de Rennes 1, 20 square Marcel Bouget, Rennes 35700, France
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16
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Sullivan NS. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of tunneling in quantum solids at very low temperatures. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 90-91:74-91. [PMID: 26592946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A review is given of recent NMR experiments at ultra-low temperatures that explore properties of quantum fluids and solids in regimes where unusual dynamics characterizes the low temperature behavior. It is shown how careful analysis of the NMR spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation rates and spectral properties can determine fundamental thermodynamic features that are otherwise difficult to observe using standard thermodynamic methods. The review focuses on the observation of the diffusion of vacancies and isotopic impurities in solid hydrogen and solid helium by quantum tunneling at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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17
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Lu ZK, Li Y, Petrov DS, Shlyapnikov GV. Stable Dilute Supersolid of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:075303. [PMID: 26317728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.075303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider two-dimensional bosonic dipoles oriented perpendicularly to the plane. On top of the usual two-body contact and long-range dipolar interactions we add a contact three-body repulsion as expected, in particular, for dipoles in the bilayer geometry with tunneling. The three-body repulsion is crucial for stabilizing the system, and we show that our model allows for stable continuous space supersolid states in the dilute regime and calculate the zero-temperature phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kai Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yun Li
- Centre for Quantum and Optical Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - D S Petrov
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, LPTMS, UMR8626, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - G V Shlyapnikov
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, LPTMS, UMR8626, Orsay F-91405, France
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya Street 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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18
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Cinti F, Macrì T, Lechner W, Pupillo G, Pohl T. Defect-induced supersolidity with soft-core bosons. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3235. [PMID: 24492681 PMCID: PMC3926003 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years ago, Andreev, Lifshitz and Chester suggested the possible existence of a peculiar solid phase of matter, the microscopic constituents of which can flow superfluidly without resistance due to the formation of zero-point defects in the ground state of self-assembled crystals. Yet, a physical system where this mechanism is unambiguously established remains to be found, both experimentally and theoretically. Here we investigate the zero-temperature phase diagram of two-dimensional bosons with finite-range soft-core interactions. For low particle densities, the system is shown to feature a solid phase in which zero-point vacancies emerge spontaneously and give rise to superfluid flow of particles through the crystal. This provides the first example of defect-induced, continuous-space supersolidity consistent with the Andreev-Lifshitz-Chester scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cinti
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics (NITheP), Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - T. Macrì
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - W. Lechner
- IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Science, and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G. Pupillo
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - T. Pohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Sinha D, Sengupta S, Dasgupta C, Valls OT. Out of equilibrium plasticity dynamics and the annealing of supersolidity in solid ⁴He. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:295601. [PMID: 23803347 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/29/295601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical study of a continuum plasticity field coupled to a Ginzburg-Landau model for superfluidity. The results suggest that a supersolid fraction may appear as a long-lived transient during the time evolution of the plasticity field at higher temperatures where both dislocation climb and glide are allowed. Supersolidity, however, vanishes with annealing. As the temperature is decreased, dislocation climb is arrested and any residual supersolidity due to incomplete annealing remains frozen. Our results may provide a resolution of many perplexing issues concerning a variety of experiments on bulk solid (4)He.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sinha
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21 Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
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20
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Li Y, Martone GI, Pitaevskii LP, Stringari S. Superstripes and the excitation spectrum of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:235302. [PMID: 25167508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.235302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using Bogoliubov theory we calculate the excitation spectrum of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensed gas with an equal Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in the stripe phase. The emergence of a double gapless band structure is pointed out as a key signature of Bose-Einstein condensation and of the spontaneous breaking of translational invariance symmetry. In the long wavelength limit the lower and upper branches exhibit, respectively, a clear spin and density nature. For wave vectors close to the first Brillouin zone, the lower branch acquires an important density character responsible for the divergent behavior of the structure factor and of the static response function, reflecting the occurrence of crystalline order. The sound velocities are calculated as functions of the Raman coupling for excitations propagating orthogonal and parallel to the stripes. Our predictions provide new perspectives for the identification of supersolid phenomena in ultracold atomic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Giovanni I Martone
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Lev P Pitaevskii
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy and Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, RAS, Kosygina 2, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sandro Stringari
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
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21
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Henkel N, Cinti F, Jain P, Pupillo G, Pohl T. Supersolid vortex crystals in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:265301. [PMID: 23004994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.265301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study rotating quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, in which atoms are dressed to a highly excited Rydberg state. This leads to weak effective interactions that induce a transition to a mesoscopic supersolid state. Considering slow rotation, we determine its superfluidity using quantum Monte Carlo simulations as well as mean field calculations. For rapid rotation, the latter reveal an interesting competition between the supersolid crystal structure and the rotation-induced vortex lattice that gives rise to new phases, including arrays of mesoscopic vortex crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Henkel
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Choi H, Takahashi D, Choi W, Kono K, Kim E. Staircaselike suppression of supersolidity under rotation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:105302. [PMID: 22463420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of distinct signatures of superfluids, one of which is the appearance of quantized vortices. There have been some attempts to understand the putative supersolid 4He in the vortex framework, but no conclusive evidence that supports the existence of the vortices has been reported. Here, we investigate the rotation velocity dependence of the torsional oscillation of solid 4He at various temperatures. The velocity sweep reveals intriguing periodic staircaselike features below about 300 mK. The staircase patterns show remarkable periodicity, and we interpret these patterns as a consequence of vortex injection. However, there are some features that cannot be accounted for with simple injection of vortices into superfluid, and further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Physics and Center for Supersolid and Quantum Matter Research, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Matuszewski M, Taylor T, Kavokin AV. Exciton supersolidity in hybrid Bose-Fermi systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:060401. [PMID: 22401039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ground states of a Bose-Einstein condensate of indirect excitons coupled to an electron gas. We show that in a properly designed system the crossing of a roton minimum into the negative energy domain can result in the appearance of the supersolid phase, characterized by periodicity in both real and reciprocal space. Accounting for the spin-dependent exchange interaction of excitons we obtain ferromagnetic supersolid domains. The Fourier spectra of excitations of weakly perturbed supersolids show pronounced diffraction maxima which may be detected experimentally.
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24
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Eggel T, Cazalilla MA, Oshikawa M. Dynamical theory of superfluidity in one dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:275302. [PMID: 22243315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.275302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A theory accounting for the dynamical aspects of the superfluid response of one dimensional (1D) quantum fluids is reported. In long 1D systems, the onset of superfluidity is related to the dynamical suppression of quantum phase slips at low temperatures. The effect of this suppression as a function of frequency and temperature is discussed within the framework of the experimentally relevant momentum response function. Applications of these results to the understanding of the superfluid properties of helium confined in 1D pores with nanometer diameter, dislocations in solid 4He, and ultracold atomic gases are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggel
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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25
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26
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Laflorencie N, Mila F. Condensate-free superfluid induced by the frustrated proximity effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:037203. [PMID: 21838398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.037203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of superfluidity in 4He and Landau's phenomenological theory, the relationship between Bose condensation and superfluidity has been intensely debated. 4He is known by now to be both superfluid and condensed at low temperature, and more generally, in dimension D≥2, all superfluid bosonic models realized in experiments are condensed in their ground state, the most recent example being provided by ultracold bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice. In this Letter, it is shown that a 2D gas of bosons which is not condensed at T=0 can be achieved by populating a layer through a frustrated proximity effect from a superfluid reservoir. This condensate-free bosonic fluid is further shown to be a superfluid with incommensurate correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Laflorencie
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-8502 CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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27
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Pratt EJ, Hunt B, Gadagkar V, Yamashita M, Graf MJ, Balatsky AV, Davis JC. Interplay of Rotational, Relaxational, and Shear Dynamics in Solid
4
He. Science 2011; 332:821-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1203080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Pratt
- Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93016, USA
| | - B. Hunt
- Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - V. Gadagkar
- Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M. Yamashita
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M. J. Graf
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A. V. Balatsky
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - J. C. Davis
- Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
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28
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Rojas X, Haziot A, Bapst V, Balibar S, Maris HJ. Anomalous softening of ⁴He crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:145302. [PMID: 21230841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.145302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the elasticity of high quality ultrapure ⁴He single crystals in the low temperature region where supersolidity is supposed to occur. At 20 mK, our results are consistent with elastic coefficients previously measured at 1.2 K. As the temperature increases from 20 to 100 mK, a large softening occurs because dislocations unpin from ³He impurities. In the absence of ³He impurities, dislocations are free to move down to 20 mK; the crystals are soft. The large magnitude of this anomalous softening shows that dislocations form a mobile mosaic structure. It illustrates the remarkable quantum plasticity of ⁴He crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rojas
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, associé au CNRS et aux Universités Denis Diderot et P.M Curie, 24 rue Lhomond 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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