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Pultinevicius E, Rockenhäuser M, Kogel F, Groß P, Garg T, Prochnow OE, Langen T. A scalable scanning transfer cavity laser stabilization scheme based on the Red Pitaya STEMlab platform. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:103004. [PMID: 37791857 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Many experiments in atomic and molecular physics require simultaneous frequency stabilization of multiple lasers. We present a stabilization scheme based on a scanning transfer cavity lock that is simple, stable, and easily scalable to many lasers at minimal cost. The scheme is based on the Red Pitaya STEMlab platform, with custom software developed and implemented to achieve up to 100 Hz bandwidth. As an example demonstration, we realize simultaneous stabilization of up to four lasers and a reduction of long-term drifts to well below 1 MHz/h. This meets typical requirements, e.g., for experiments on laser cooling of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pultinevicius
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Rockenhäuser
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Kogel
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Groß
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Garg
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O E Prochnow
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Langen
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science (IQST), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Hertkorn J, Schmidt JN, Guo M, Böttcher F, Ng KSH, Graham SD, Uerlings P, Büchler HP, Langen T, Zwierlein M, Pfau T. Supersolidity in Two-Dimensional Trapped Dipolar Droplet Arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:155301. [PMID: 34678009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the ground states and the spectrum of elementary excitations across the superfluid to droplet crystallization transition of an oblate dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. We systematically identify regimes where spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking leads to the emergence of a supersolid phase with characteristic collective excitations, such as the Higgs amplitude mode. Furthermore, we study the dynamics across the transition and show how these supersolids can be realized with standard protocols in state-of-the-art experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hertkorn
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J-N Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Guo
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Böttcher
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K S H Ng
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S D Graham
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Uerlings
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Zwierlein
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Schmidt JN, Hertkorn J, Guo M, Böttcher F, Schmidt M, Ng KSH, Graham SD, Langen T, Zwierlein M, Pfau T. Roton Excitations in an Oblate Dipolar Quantum Gas. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:193002. [PMID: 34047619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.193002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We observe signatures of radial and angular roton excitations around a droplet crystallization transition in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. In situ measurements are used to characterize the density fluctuations near this transition. The static structure factor is extracted and used to identify the radial and angular roton excitations by their characteristic symmetries. These fluctuations peak as a function of the interaction strength indicating the crystallization transition of the system. We compare our observations to a theoretically calculated excitation spectrum allowing us to connect the crystallization mechanism with the softening of the angular roton modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Hertkorn
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Guo
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Böttcher
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K S H Ng
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S D Graham
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Zwierlein
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Hertkorn J, Böttcher F, Guo M, Schmidt JN, Langen T, Büchler HP, Pfau T. Fate of the Amplitude Mode in a Trapped Dipolar Supersolid. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:193002. [PMID: 31765213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.193002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the spectrum of elementary excitations of a trapped dipolar quantum gas across the BEC-supersolid phase transition. Our calculations reveal the existence of distinct Higgs amplitude and Nambu-Goldstone modes that emerge from the softening roton modes of the dipolar BEC at the phase transition point. On the supersolid side of the transition, the energy of the Higgs amplitude mode increases rapidly, leading to a strong coupling to higher-lying modes. Our Letter highlights how the symmetry-breaking nature of the supersolid state translates to finite-size systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hertkorn
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Böttcher
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Guo
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J N Schmidt
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universitt Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Rauer B, Grišins P, Mazets IE, Schweigler T, Rohringer W, Geiger R, Langen T, Schmiedmayer J. Cooling of a One-Dimensional Bose Gas. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:030402. [PMID: 26849577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the dynamics of a degenerate one-dimensional Bose gas that is subject to a continuous outcoupling of atoms. Although standard evaporative cooling is rendered ineffective by the absence of thermalizing collisions in this system, we observe substantial cooling. This cooling proceeds through homogeneous particle dissipation and many-body dephasing, enabling the preparation of otherwise unexpectedly low temperatures. Our observations establish a scaling relation between temperature and particle number, and provide insights into equilibration in the quantum world.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rauer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Grišins
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - I E Mazets
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Wolfgang Pauli Institute, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Schweigler
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - W Rohringer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Geiger
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Langen
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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Steffens A, Friesdorf M, Langen T, Rauer B, Schweigler T, Hübener R, Schmiedmayer J, Riofrío CA, Eisert J. Towards experimental quantum-field tomography with ultracold atoms. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7663. [PMID: 26138511 PMCID: PMC4506543 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental realization of large-scale many-body systems in atomic-optical architectures has seen immense progress in recent years, rendering full tomography tools for state identification inefficient, especially for continuous systems. To work with these emerging physical platforms, new technologies for state identification are required. Here we present first steps towards efficient experimental quantum-field tomography. Our procedure is based on the continuous analogues of matrix-product states, ubiquitous in condensed-matter theory. These states naturally incorporate the locality present in realistic physical settings and are thus prime candidates for describing the physics of locally interacting quantum fields. To experimentally demonstrate the power of our procedure, we quench a one-dimensional Bose gas by a transversal split and use our method for a partial quantum-field reconstruction of the far-from-equilibrium states of this system. We expect our technique to play an important role in future studies of continuous quantum many-body systems. Full tomography of the quantum state of a many-body system becomes harder as more and more atoms are included. Here the authors borrow a concept from condensed-matter physics, continuous matrix-product states, and present an efficient approach for experimental quantum-field tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steffens
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - M Friesdorf
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - T Langen
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - B Rauer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - T Schweigler
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - R Hübener
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - J Schmiedmayer
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - C A Riofrío
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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7
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Langen T, Erne S, Geiger R, Rauer B, Schweigler T, Kuhnert M, Rohringer W, Mazets IE, Gasenzer T, Schmiedmayer J. Experimental observation of a generalized Gibbs ensemble. Science 2015; 348:207-11. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1257026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Rem BS, Grier AT, Ferrier-Barbut I, Eismann U, Langen T, Navon N, Khaykovich L, Werner F, Petrov DS, Chevy F, Salomon C. Lifetime of the Bose gas with resonant interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:163202. [PMID: 23679599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the lifetime of a Bose gas at and around unitarity using a Feshbach resonance in lithium 7. At unitarity, we measure the temperature dependence of the three-body decay coefficient L(3). Our data follow a L(3)=λ(3)/T(2) law with λ(3)=2.5(3)(stat)(6)(syst)×10(-20) (μK)(2) cm(6) s(-1) and are in good agreement with our analytical result based on zero-range theory. Varying the scattering length a at fixed temperature, we investigate the crossover between the finite-temperature unitary region and the previously studied regime where |a| is smaller than the thermal wavelength. We find that L(3) is continuous across the resonance, and over the whole a<0 range our data quantitatively agree with our calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rem
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS and UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Rem BS, Grier AT, Ferrier-Barbut I, Eismann U, Langen T, Navon N, Khaykovich L, Werner F, Petrov DS, Chevy F, Salomon C. Lifetime of the Bose gas with resonant interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:163202. [PMID: 23679599 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.87.063411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We study the lifetime of a Bose gas at and around unitarity using a Feshbach resonance in lithium 7. At unitarity, we measure the temperature dependence of the three-body decay coefficient L(3). Our data follow a L(3)=λ(3)/T(2) law with λ(3)=2.5(3)(stat)(6)(syst)×10(-20) (μK)(2) cm(6) s(-1) and are in good agreement with our analytical result based on zero-range theory. Varying the scattering length a at fixed temperature, we investigate the crossover between the finite-temperature unitary region and the previously studied regime where |a| is smaller than the thermal wavelength. We find that L(3) is continuous across the resonance, and over the whole a<0 range our data quantitatively agree with our calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rem
- Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS and UPMC, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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Kuhnert M, Geiger R, Langen T, Gring M, Rauer B, Kitagawa T, Demler E, Adu Smith D, Schmiedmayer J. Multimode dynamics and emergence of a characteristic length scale in a one-dimensional quantum system. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:090405. [PMID: 23496695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas by measuring the full probability distribution functions of matter-wave interference. Observing the system on different length scales allows us to probe the dynamics of excitations on different energy scales, revealing two distinct length-scale-dependent regimes of relaxation. We measure the crossover length scale separating these two regimes and identify it with the prethermalized phase-correlation length of the system. Our approach enables a direct observation of the multimode dynamics characterizing one-dimensional quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuhnert
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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Gring M, Kuhnert M, Langen T, Kitagawa T, Rauer B, Schreitl M, Mazets I, Smith DA, Demler E, Schmiedmayer J. Relaxation and Prethermalization in an Isolated Quantum System. Science 2012; 337:1318-22. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1224953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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