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Perry S, Clark JT, Ngo P, Ray A. Receptors underlying an odorant's valence across concentrations in Drosophila larvae. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247215. [PMID: 38511428 PMCID: PMC11166451 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Odorants interact with receptors expressed in specialized olfactory neurons, and neurons of the same class send their axons to distinct glomeruli in the brain. The stereotypic spatial glomerular activity map generates recognition and the behavioral response for the odorant. The valence of an odorant changes with concentration, typically becoming aversive at higher concentrations. Interestingly, in Drosophila larvae, the odorant (E)-2-hexenal is aversive at low concentrations and attractive at higher concentrations. We investigated the molecular and neural basis of this phenomenon, focusing on how activities of different olfactory neurons conveying opposing effects dictate behaviors. We identified the repellant neuron in the larvae as one expressing the olfactory receptor Or7a, whose activation alone at low concentrations of (E)-2-hexenal elicits an avoidance response in an Or7a-dependent manner. We demonstrate that avoidance can be overcome at higher concentrations by activation of additional neurons that are known to be attractive, most notably odorants that are known activators of Or42a and Or85c. These findings suggest that in the larval stage, the attraction-conveying neurons can overcome the aversion-conveying channels for (E)-2-hexenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Perry
- Graduate program in Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan T. Clark
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Paulina Ngo
- Department of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Graduate program in Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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2
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Badjona A, Bradshaw R, Millman C, Howarth M, Dubey B. Faba Bean Flavor Effects from Processing to Consumer Acceptability. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112237. [PMID: 37297480 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Faba beans as an alternative source of protein have received significant attention from consumers and the food industry. Flavor represents a major driving force that hinders the utilization faba beans in various products due to off-flavor. Off-flavors are produced from degradation of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids during seed development and post-harvest processing stages (storage, dehulling, thermal treatment, and protein extraction). In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge on the aroma of faba bean ingredients and various aspects, such as cultivar, processing, and product formulation that influence flavour. Germination, fermentation, and pH modulation were identified as promising methods to improve overall flavor and bitter compounds. The probable pathway in controlling off-flavor evolution during processing has also been discussed to provide efficient strategies to limit their impact and to encourage the use of faba bean ingredients in healthy food design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Badjona
- National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Robert Bradshaw
- Bimolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Caroline Millman
- National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Martin Howarth
- National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Bipro Dubey
- National Centre of Excellence for Food Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
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3
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Raji JI, Konopka JK, Potter CJ. A spatial map of antennal-expressed ionotropic receptors in the malaria mosquito. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112101. [PMID: 36773296 PMCID: PMC10412736 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito's antenna represents its main olfactory appendage for detecting volatile chemical cues from the environment. Whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization of ionotropic receptors (IRs) expressed in the antennae reveals that the antenna might be divisible into proximal and distal functional domains. The number of IR-positive cells appear stereotyped within each antennal segment (flagellomere). Highly expressed odor-tuning IRs exhibit distinct co-localization patterns with the IR coreceptors Ir8a, Ir25a, and Ir76b that might predict their functional properties. Genetic knockin and in vivo functional imaging of IR41c-expressing neurons indicate both odor-induced activation and inhibition in response to select amine compounds. Targeted mutagenesis of IR41c does not abolish behavioral responses to the amine compounds. Our study provides a comprehensive map of IR-expressing neurons in the main olfactory appendage of mosquitoes. These findings show organizing principles of Anopheles IR-expressing neurons, which might underlie their functional contribution to the detection of behaviorally relevant odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Raji
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joanna K Konopka
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher J Potter
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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4
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Chen Z, He Q, Deng X, Peng J, Du K, Sun Y. Engineering solid nanochannels with macrocyclic host-guest chemistry for stimuli responses and molecular separations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1907-1916. [PMID: 36688813 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06562b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological channels in the cell membrane play a critical role in the regulation of signal transduction and transmembrane transport. Researchers have been committed to building biomimetic nanochannels to imitate the above significant biological processes. Unlike the fragile feature of biological channels, numerous solid nanochannels have aroused extensive interests for their controllable chemical properties on the surface and superior mechanical properties. Surface functionalization has been confirmed to be vital to determine the properties of solid nanochannels. Macrocyclic hosts (e.g., the crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calix[n]arenes, cucurbit[n]urils, pillar[n]arenes, and trianglamine) can be tailored to the interior surface of the nanochannels with the performance of stimuli response and separation. Macrocycles have good reversibility and high selectivity toward specific ions or molecules, promoting functionalies of solid nanochannels. Hence, the combination of macrocyclic hosts and solid nanochannels is conducive to taking both advantages and achieving applications in functional nanochannels (e.g., membranes separations, biosensors, and smart devices). In this review, the most recent advances in nanochannel membranes decorated by macrocyclic host-guest chemistry are briefed. A variety of macrocyclic hosts-based responsive nanochannels are organized (e.g., the physical stimuli and specific molecules or ions stimuli) and nanochannels are separated (e.g., water purifications, enantimerseparations, and organic solvent nanofiltration), respectively. Hopefully, this review can enlighten on how to effectively build functional nanochannels and facilitate their practical applications in membrane separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaowen Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiehai Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Kui Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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5
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Liu J, Clarke JA, McCann S, Hillier NK, Tahlan K. Analysis of Streptomyces Volatilomes Using Global Molecular Networking Reveals the Presence of Metabolites with Diverse Biological Activities. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0055222. [PMID: 35900081 PMCID: PMC9431705 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00552-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces species produce a wide variety of specialized metabolites, some of which are used for communication or competition for resources in their natural environments. In addition, many natural products used in medicine and industry are derived from Streptomyces, and there has been interest in their capacity to produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for different industrial and agricultural applications. Recently, a machine-learning workflow called MSHub/GNPS was developed, which enables auto-deconvolution of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data, molecular networking, and library search capabilities, but it has not been applied to Streptomyces volatilomes. In this study, 131 Streptomyces isolates from the island of Newfoundland were phylogenetically typed, and 37 were selected based on their phylogeny and growth characteristics for VOC analysis using both a user-guided (conventional) and an MSHub/GNPS-based approach. More VOCs were annotated by MSHub/GNPS than by the conventional method. The number of unknown VOCs detected by the two methods was higher than those annotated, suggesting that many novel compounds remain to be identified. The molecular network generated by GNPS can be used to guide the annotation of such unknown VOCs in future studies. However, the number of overlapping VOCs annotated by the two methods is relatively small, suggesting that a combination of analysis methods might be required for robust volatilome analysis. More than half of the VOCs annotated with high confidence by the two approaches are plant-associated, many with reported bioactivities such as insect behavior modulation. Details regarding the properties and reported functions of such VOCs are described. IMPORTANCE This study represents the first detailed analysis of Streptomyces volatilomes using MSHub/GNPS, which in combination with a routinely used conventional method led to many annotations. More VOCs could be annotated using MSHub/GNPS as compared to the conventional method, many of which have known antimicrobial, anticancer, and insect behavior-modulating activities. The identification of numerous plant-associated VOCs by both approaches in the current study suggests that their production could be a more widespread phenomenon by members of the genus, highlighting opportunities for their large-scale production using Streptomyces. Plant-associated VOCs with antimicrobial activities, such as 1-octen-3-ol, octanol, and phenylethyl alcohol, have potential applications as fumigants. Furthermore, many of the annotated VOCs are reported to influence insect behavior, alluding to a possible explanation for their production based on the functions of other recently described Streptomyces VOCs in dispersal and nutrient acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jody-Ann Clarke
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sean McCann
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - N. Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Herre M, Goldman OV, Lu TC, Caballero-Vidal G, Qi Y, Gilbert ZN, Gong Z, Morita T, Rahiel S, Ghaninia M, Ignell R, Matthews BJ, Li H, Vosshall LB, Younger MA. Non-canonical odor coding in the mosquito. Cell 2022; 185:3104-3123.e28. [PMID: 35985288 PMCID: PMC9480278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are a persistent human foe, transmitting arboviruses including dengue when they feed on human blood. Mosquitoes are intensely attracted to body odor and carbon dioxide, which they detect using ionotropic chemosensory receptors encoded by three large multi-gene families. Genetic mutations that disrupt the olfactory system have modest effects on human attraction, suggesting redundancy in odor coding. The canonical view is that olfactory sensory neurons each express a single chemosensory receptor that defines its ligand selectivity. We discovered that Ae. aegypti uses a different organizational principle, with many neurons co-expressing multiple chemosensory receptor genes. In vivo electrophysiology demonstrates that the broad ligand-sensitivity of mosquito olfactory neurons depends on this non-canonical co-expression. The redundancy afforded by an olfactory system in which neurons co-express multiple chemosensory receptors may increase the robustness of the mosquito olfactory system and explain our long-standing inability to disrupt the detection of humans by mosquitoes. Humans produce a complex blend of odor cues that attract female mosquitoes, and these cues are typically detected by olfactory neurons expressing a single receptor. In female Aedes aegypti mosquitos, however, many of these neurons co-express multiple chemosensory receptors directly affecting mosquito behavior and challenging the canonical one-receptor-to-one-neuron organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Herre
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivia V Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lu
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Caballero-Vidal
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 234 22, Sweden
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zachary N Gilbert
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhongyan Gong
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Saher Rahiel
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Majid Ghaninia
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 234 22, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 234 22, Sweden
| | - Benjamin J Matthews
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hongjie Li
- Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leslie B Vosshall
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Meg A Younger
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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7
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Comparison of entomological impacts of two methods of intervention designed to control Anopheles gambiae s.l. via swarm killing in Western Burkina Faso. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12397. [PMID: 35858978 PMCID: PMC9297277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor biting constitutes a major limitation of current vector control based primarily on long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, both of which are indoor interventions. Consequently, malaria elimination will not be achieved unless additional tools are found to deal with the residual malaria transmission and the associated vector dynamics. In this study we tested a new vector control approach for rapidly crashing mosquito populations and disrupting malaria transmission in Africa. This method targets the previously neglected swarming and outdoor nocturnal behaviors of both male and female Anopheles mosquitoes. It involved accurate identification and targeted spraying of mosquito swarms to suppress adult malaria vector populations and their vectorial capacities. The impact of targeted spraying was compared to broadcast spraying and evaluated simultaneously. The effects of the two interventions were very similar, no significant differences between targeted spraying and broadcast spraying were found for effects on density, insemination or parity rate. However, targeted spraying was found to be significantly more effective than broadcast spraying at reducing the number of bites per person. As expected, each intervention had a highly significant impact upon all parameters measured, but the targeted swarm spraying required less insecticide.
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8
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Knaden M, Anderson P, Andersson MN, Hill SR, Sachse S, Sandgren M, Stensmyr MC, Löfstedt C, Ignell R, Hansson BS. Human Impacts on Insect Chemical Communication in the Anthropocene. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.791345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The planet is presently undergoing dramatic changes caused by human activities. We are living in the era of the Anthropocene, where our activities directly affect all living organisms on Earth. Insects constitute a major part of the world’s biodiversity and currently, we see dwindling insect biomass but also outbreaks of certain populations. Most insects rely on chemical communication to locate food, mates, and suitable oviposition sites, but also to avoid enemies and detrimental microbes. Emissions of, e.g., CO2, NOx, and ozone can all affect the chemical communication channel, as can a rising temperature. Here, we present a review of the present state of the art in the context of anthropogenic impact on insect chemical communication. We concentrate on present knowledge regarding fruit flies, mosquitoes, moths, and bark beetles, as well as presenting our views on future developments and needs in this emerging field of research. We include insights from chemical, physiological, ethological, and ecological directions and we briefly present a new international research project, the Max Planck Centre for Next Generation Insect Chemical Ecology (nGICE), launched to further increase our understanding of the impact of human activities on insect olfaction and chemical communication.
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Coutinho-Abreu IV, Riffell JA, Akbari OS. Human attractive cues and mosquito host-seeking behavior. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:246-264. [PMID: 34674963 PMCID: PMC10789295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Female mosquitoes use chemical and physical cues, including vision, smell, heat, and humidity, to orient toward hosts. Body odors are produced by skin resident bacteria that convert metabolites secreted in sweat into odorants that confer the characteristic body scent. Mosquitoes detect these compounds using olfactory receptors in their antennal olfactory receptor neurons. Such information is further integrated with the senses of temperature and humidity, as well as vision, processed in the brain into a behavioral output, leading to host finding. Knowledge of human scent components unveils a variety of odorants that are attractive to mosquitoes, but also odor-triggering repellency. Finding ways to divert human-seeking behavior by female mosquitoes using odorants can possibly mitigate mosquito-borne pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Riffell
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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10
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Jiang L. Bio-inspired Track-Etched Polymeric Nanochannels: Steady-State Biosensors for Detection of Analytes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18974-19013. [PMID: 34846138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspired polymeric nanochannel (also referred as nanopore)-based biosensors have attracted considerable attention on account of their controllable channel size and shape, multi-functional surface chemistry, unique ionic transport properties, and good robustness for applications. There are already very informative reviews on the latest developments in solid-state artificial nanochannel-based biosensors, however, which concentrated on the resistive-pulse sensing-based sensors for practical applications. The steady-state sensing-based nanochannel biosensors, in principle, have significant advantages over their counterparts in term of high sensitivity, fast response, target analytes with no size limit, and extensive suitable range. Furthermore, among the diverse materials, nanochannels based on polymeric materials perform outstandingly, due to flexible fabrication and wide application. This compressive Review summarizes the recent advances in bio-inspired polymeric nanochannels as sensing platforms for detection of important analytes in living organisms, to meet the high demand for high-performance biosensors for analysis of target analytes, and the potential for development of smart sensing devices. In the future, research efforts can be focused on transport mechanisms in the field of steady-state or resistive-pulse nanochannel-based sensors and on developing precisely size-controlled, robust, miniature and reusable, multi-functional, and high-throughput biosensors for practical applications. Future efforts should aim at a deeper understanding of the principles at the molecular level and incorporating these diverse pore architectures into homogeneous and defect-free multi-channel membrane systems. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and biotechnology, we believe that many more achievements in nanochannel-based biosensors could be achieved in the near future, serving people in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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11
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12
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Liu F, Chen Z, Ye Z, Liu N. The Olfactory Chemosensation of Hematophagous Hemipteran Insects. Front Physiol 2021; 12:703768. [PMID: 34434117 PMCID: PMC8382127 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.703768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant insect orders on earth, most Hemipteran insects are phytophagous, with the few hematophagous exceptions falling into two families: Cimicidae, such as bed bugs, and Reduviidae, such as kissing bugs. Many of these blood-feeding hemipteran insects are known to be realistic or potential disease vectors, presenting both physical and psychological risks for public health. Considerable researches into the interactions between hemipteran insects such as kissing bugs and bed bugs and their human hosts have revealed important information that deepens our understanding of their chemical ecology and olfactory physiology. Sensory mechanisms in the peripheral olfactory system of both insects have now been characterized, with a particular emphasis on their olfactory sensory neurons and odorant receptors. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies of both kissing bugs (including Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans) and bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), focusing on their chemical ecology and peripheral olfactory systems. Potential chemosensation-based applications for the management of these Hemipteran insect vectors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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13
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Cheng SQ, Liu XQ, Han ZL, Rong Y, Qin SY, Sun Y, Li H. Tailoring CO 2-Activated Ion Nanochannels Using Macrocyclic Pillararenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27255-27261. [PMID: 34029047 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gas-responsive nanochannels have great relevance for applications in many fields. Inspired by CO2-sensitive ion channels, herein we present an approach for designing solid-state nanochannels that allow controlled regulation of ion transport in response to alternate CO2/N2 stimuli. The pillar[5]arene (P5N) bearing diethylamine groups can convert into the water-soluble host P5C, containing cationic tertiary ammonium salt groups after absorbing CO2. Subsequently, the nanochannel walls are tailored using P5N-based host-guest chemistry. The ion transport rate of K+ in the P5N nanochannels under CO2 was 1.66 × 10-4 mol h-1 m-2, whereas that under N2 was 7.98 × 10-4 mol h-1 m-2. Notably, there was no significant change to the ion current after eight cycles, which may indicate the stability and repeatability of CO2-activated ion nanochannels. It is speculated that the difference in ion conductance resulted from the change in wettability and surface charge within the nanochannels in response to the gas stimuli. Achieving CO2-activated ion transport in solid-state nanochannels opens new avenues for biomimetic nanopore systems and advanced separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Han
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, P.R. China
| | - Yu Rong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yong Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079 P.R. China
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14
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Contributions of the Conserved Insect Carbon Dioxide Receptor Subunits to Odor Detection. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107510. [PMID: 32294446 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO2 receptor in mosquitoes is broadly tuned to detect many diverse odorants. The receptor consists of three subunits (Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3) in mosquitoes but only two subunits in Drosophila: Gr21a (Gr1 ortholog) and Gr63a (Gr3 ortholog). We demonstrate that Gr21a is required for CO2 responses in Drosophila, as has been shown for Gr63a. Next, we generate a Drosophila double mutant for Gr21a and Gr63a, and in this background, we functionally express combinations of Aedes Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3 genes in the CO2 empty neuron. Only two subunits, Gr2 and Gr3, suffice for response to CO2. Addition of Gr1 increases sensitivity to CO2, whereas it decreases the response to pyridine. The inhibitory effect of the antagonist isobutyric acid is observed upon addition of Gr1. Gr1 therefore increases the diversity of ligands of the receptor and modulates the response of the receptor complex.
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15
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Üçpunar HK, Grunwald Kadow IC. Flies Avoid Current Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646401. [PMID: 33927640 PMCID: PMC8076854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 differs from most other odors by being ubiquitously present in the air animals inhale. CO2 levels of the atmosphere, however, are subject to change. Depending on the landscape, temperature, and time of the year, CO2 levels can change even on shortest time scales. In addition, since the 18th century the CO2 baseline keeps increasing due to the intensive fossil fuel usage. However, we do not know whether this change is significant for animals, and if yes whether and how animals adapt to this change. Most insects possess olfactory receptors to detect the gaseous molecule, and CO2 is one of the key odorants for insects such as the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster to find food sources and to warn con-specifics. So far, CO2 and its sensory system have been studied in the context of rotting fruit and other CO2-emitting sources to investigate flies’ response to significantly elevated levels of CO2. However, it has not been addressed whether flies detect and potentially react to atmospheric levels of CO2. By using behavioral experiments, here we show that flies can detect atmospheric CO2 concentrations and, if given the choice, prefer air with sub-atmospheric levels of the molecule. Blocking the synaptic release from CO2 receptor neurons abolishes this choice. Based on electrophysiological recordings, we hypothesize that CO2 receptors, similar to ambient temperature receptors, actively sample environmental CO2 concentrations close to atmospheric levels. Based on recent findings and our data, we hypothesize that Gr-dependent CO2 receptors do not primarily serve as a cue detector to find food sources or avoid danger, instead they function as sensors for preferred environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibe K Üçpunar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Chen ST, Kowalewski J, Ray A. Prolonged activation of carbon dioxide-sensitive neurons in mosquitoes. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200043. [PMID: 33633836 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insects can detect carbon dioxide (CO2) plumes using a conserved receptor made up of members of the gustatory receptor (Gr) family Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3. Mosquitoes are attracted to host animals for blood meals using plumes of CO2 in the exhaled breath using the receptor expressed in the A neuron of the capitate peg sensilla type on the maxillary palps. The receptor is known to also detect several other classes of odorants, including ones emitted from human skin. Here, we discover that a common skin odorant, butyric acid, can cause a phasic activation followed by an unusually prolonged tonic activity after the stimulus is over in the CO2 neurons of mosquitoes. The effect is conserved in both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. This raises a question about its role in a mosquito's preference for the skin odour of different individuals. Butyric acid belongs to a small number of odorants known to cause the prolonged activation of the CO2 receptor. A chemical informatic analysis identifies a specific set of physico-chemical features that can be used in a machine learning predictive model for the prolonged activators. Interestingly, this set is different from physico-chemical features selected for activators or inhibitors, indicating that each has a distinct structural basis. The structural understanding opens up an opportunity to find novel ligands to manipulate the CO2 receptor and mosquito behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Turner Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joel Kowalewski
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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17
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Dormont L, Mulatier M, Carrasco D, Cohuet A. Mosquito Attractants. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:351-393. [PMID: 33725235 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vector control and personal protection against anthropophilic mosquitoes mainly rely on the use of insecticides and repellents. The search for mosquito-attractive semiochemicals has been the subject of intense studies for decades, and new compounds or odor blends are regularly proposed as lures for odor-baited traps. We present a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all the studies that have evaluated the attractiveness of volatiles to mosquitoes, including individual chemical compounds, synthetic blends of compounds, or natural host or plant odors. A total of 388 studies were analysed, and our survey highlights the existence of 105 attractants (77 volatile compounds, 17 organism odors, and 11 synthetic blends) that have been proved effective in attracting one or several mosquito species. The exhaustive list of these attractants is presented in various tables, while the most common mosquito attractants - for which effective attractiveness has been demonstrated in numerous studies - are discussed throughout the text. The increasing knowledge on compounds attractive to mosquitoes may now serve as the basis for complementary vector control strategies, such as those involving lure-and-kill traps, or the development of mass trapping. This review also points out the necessity of further improving the search for new volatile attractants, such as new compound blends in specific ratios, considering that mosquito attraction to odors may vary over the life of the mosquito or among species. Finally, the use of mosquito attractants will undoubtedly have an increasingly important role to play in future integrated vector management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Margaux Mulatier
- Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Laboratoire d'étude sur le contrôle des vecteurs (LeCOV), Lieu-Dit Morne Jolivièrex, 97139, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France
| | - David Carrasco
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Cohuet
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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18
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Robertson SN, Cameron AI, Morales PR, Burnside WM. West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in an Outdoor Nonhuman Primate Breeding Colony in South Florida. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2021; 60:168-175. [PMID: 33441221 PMCID: PMC7974820 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in Florida in July 2001, with 404 human cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as of February 2020. The subtropical climate of Florida is ideal for the mosquitoes that transmit WNV. We investigated the WNV seroprevalence in 3 NHP species housed outdoors at The Mannheimer Foundation in South Florida. From January to December 2016, 520 3 to 30 y old NHP were sampled at our 2 closed sites in Homestead and LaBelle: 200 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), 212 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and 108 hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas). The presence of WNV IgG antibodies in these animals was determined by serum neutralization assays, which found a total seroprevalence of 14%. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the baboons (29%) than the rhesus (11%) and cynomolgus (9%) macaques. The probability of seropositivity significantly increased with age, but sex and site did not significantly affect seroprevalence. The frequency of WNV seropositivity detected in these outdoor-housed NHP suggests that screening for WNV and other vector-borne diseases may be necessary prior to experimental use, particularly for infectious disease studies in which viremia or viral antibodies could confound results, and especially for populations housed outdoors in warm, wet climates. As no seropositive subjects demonstrated clinical signs of WNV and WNV exposure did not appear to significantly impact colony health, routine testing is likely unnecessary for most NHP colonies. However, WNV infection should still be considered as a differential diagnosis for any NHP presenting with nonspecific neurologic signs. Mosquito abatement plans and vigilant sanitation practices to further decrease mosquito and avian interaction with research NHP should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angus I Cameron
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Florida SouthWestern State College, LaBelle, Florida
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19
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Yuvaraj JK, Roberts RE, Sonntag Y, Hou XQ, Grosse-Wilde E, Machara A, Zhang DD, Hansson BS, Johanson U, Löfstedt C, Andersson MN. Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2021; 19:16. [PMID: 33499862 PMCID: PMC7836466 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bark beetles are major pests of conifer forests, and their behavior is primarily mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control. Such an approach requires information on the function of ORs and their interactions with ligands, which is also essential for understanding the functional evolution of these receptors. Hence, we aimed to identify a high-quality complement of ORs from the destructive spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and analyze their antennal expression and phylogenetic relationships with ORs from other beetles. Using 68 biologically relevant test compounds, we next aimed to functionally characterize ecologically important ORs, using two systems for heterologous expression. Our final aim was to gain insight into the ligand-OR interaction of the functionally characterized ORs, using a combination of computational and experimental methods. RESULTS We annotated 73 ORs from an antennal transcriptome of I. typographus and report the functional characterization of two ORs (ItypOR46 and ItypOR49), which are responsive to single enantiomers of the common bark beetle pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol, respectively. Their responses and antennal expression correlate with the specificities, localizations, and/or abundances of olfactory sensory neurons detecting these enantiomers. We use homology modeling and molecular docking to predict their binding sites. Our models reveal a likely binding cleft lined with residues that previously have been shown to affect the responses of insect ORs. Within this cleft, the active ligands are predicted to specifically interact with residues Tyr84 and Thr205 in ItypOR46. The suggested importance of these residues in the activation by ipsenol is experimentally supported through site-directed mutagenesis and functional testing, and hydrogen bonding appears key in pheromone binding. CONCLUSIONS The emerging insight into ligand binding in the two characterized ItypORs has a general importance for our understanding of the molecular and functional evolution of the insect OR gene family. Due to the ecological importance of the characterized receptors and widespread use of ipsenol and ipsdienol in bark beetle chemical communication, these ORs should be evaluated for their potential use in pest control and biosensors to detect bark beetle infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi K Yuvaraj
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yonathan Sonntag
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Qing Hou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Present address: Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sci, Excellent Team for Mitigation, Czech University Life Sci Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 16521, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Machara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Yuvaraj JK, Roberts RE, Sonntag Y, Hou XQ, Grosse-Wilde E, Machara A, Zhang DD, Hansson BS, Johanson U, Löfstedt C, Andersson MN. Putative ligand binding sites of two functionally characterized bark beetle odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2021. [PMID: 33499862 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.07.980797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bark beetles are major pests of conifer forests, and their behavior is primarily mediated via olfaction. Targeting the odorant receptors (ORs) may thus provide avenues towards improved pest control. Such an approach requires information on the function of ORs and their interactions with ligands, which is also essential for understanding the functional evolution of these receptors. Hence, we aimed to identify a high-quality complement of ORs from the destructive spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and analyze their antennal expression and phylogenetic relationships with ORs from other beetles. Using 68 biologically relevant test compounds, we next aimed to functionally characterize ecologically important ORs, using two systems for heterologous expression. Our final aim was to gain insight into the ligand-OR interaction of the functionally characterized ORs, using a combination of computational and experimental methods. RESULTS We annotated 73 ORs from an antennal transcriptome of I. typographus and report the functional characterization of two ORs (ItypOR46 and ItypOR49), which are responsive to single enantiomers of the common bark beetle pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol, respectively. Their responses and antennal expression correlate with the specificities, localizations, and/or abundances of olfactory sensory neurons detecting these enantiomers. We use homology modeling and molecular docking to predict their binding sites. Our models reveal a likely binding cleft lined with residues that previously have been shown to affect the responses of insect ORs. Within this cleft, the active ligands are predicted to specifically interact with residues Tyr84 and Thr205 in ItypOR46. The suggested importance of these residues in the activation by ipsenol is experimentally supported through site-directed mutagenesis and functional testing, and hydrogen bonding appears key in pheromone binding. CONCLUSIONS The emerging insight into ligand binding in the two characterized ItypORs has a general importance for our understanding of the molecular and functional evolution of the insect OR gene family. Due to the ecological importance of the characterized receptors and widespread use of ipsenol and ipsdienol in bark beetle chemical communication, these ORs should be evaluated for their potential use in pest control and biosensors to detect bark beetle infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi K Yuvaraj
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Yonathan Sonntag
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Qing Hou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Present address: Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sci, Excellent Team for Mitigation, Czech University Life Sci Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 16521, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Machara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Urban Johanson
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Njoroge MM, Fillinger U, Saddler A, Moore S, Takken W, van Loon JJA, Hiscox A. Evaluating putative repellent 'push' and attractive 'pull' components for manipulating the odour orientation of host-seeking malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 33430963 PMCID: PMC7802213 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel malaria vector control approaches aim to combine tools for maximum protection. This study aimed to evaluate novel and re-evaluate existing putative repellent ‘push’ and attractive ‘pull’ components for manipulating the odour orientation of malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space. Methods Anopheles arabiensis outdoor human landing catches and trap comparisons were implemented in large semi-field systems to (i) test the efficacy of Citriodiol® or transfluthrin-treated fabric strips positioned in house eave gaps as push components for preventing bites; (ii) understand the efficacy of MB5-baited Suna-traps in attracting vectors in the presence of a human being; (iii) assess 2-butanone as a CO2 replacement for trapping; (iv) determine the protection provided by a full push-pull set up. The air concentrations of the chemical constituents of the push–pull set-up were quantified. Results Microencapsulated Citriodiol® eave strips did not provide outdoor protection against host-seeking An. arabiensis. Transfluthrin-treated strips reduced the odds of a mosquito landing on the human volunteer (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.12–0.23). This impact was lower (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.52–0.66) during the push-pull experiment, which was associated with low nighttime temperatures likely affecting the transfluthrin vaporisation. The MB5-baited Suna trap supplemented with CO2 attracted only a third of the released mosquitoes in the absence of a human being; however, with a human volunteer in the same system, the trap caught < 1% of all released mosquitoes. The volunteer consistently attracted over two-thirds of all mosquitoes released. This was the case in the absence (‘pull’ only) and in the presence of a spatial repellent (‘push-pull’), indicating that in its current configuration the tested ‘pull’ does not provide a valuable addition to a spatial repellent. The chemical 2-butanone was ineffective in replacing CO2. Transfluthrin was detectable in the air space but with a strong linear reduction in concentrations over 5 m from release. The MB5 constituent chemicals were only irregularly detected, potentially suggesting insufficient release and concentration in the air for attraction. Conclusion This step-by-step evaluation of the selected ‘push’ and ‘pull’ components led to a better understanding of their ability to affect host-seeking behaviours of the malaria vector An. arabiensis in the peri-domestic space and helps to gauge the impact such tools would have when used in the field for monitoring or control.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mendi Njoroge
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health Theme, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Fillinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health Theme, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Adam Saddler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 833, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 833, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Hiscox
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health Theme, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, ARCTEC, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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22
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Abstract
The olfactory system translates chemical signals into neuronal signals that inform behavioral decisions of the animal. Odors are cues for source identity, but if monitored long enough, they can also be used to localize the source. Odor representations should therefore be robust to changing conditions and flexible in order to drive an appropriate behavior. In this review, we aim at discussing the main computations that allow robust and flexible encoding of odor information in the olfactory neural pathway.
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23
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Cheng Z, McCann S, Faraone N, Clarke JA, Hudson EA, Cloonan K, Hillier NK, Tahlan K. Production of Plant-Associated Volatiles by Select Model and Industrially Important Streptomyces spp. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111767. [PMID: 33187102 PMCID: PMC7697265 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptomyces produce a great diversity of specialized metabolites, including highly volatile compounds with potential biological activities. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by nine Streptomyces spp., some of which are of industrial importance, were collected and identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) present in the genomes of the respective Streptomyces spp. were also predicted to match them with the VOCs detected. Overall, 33 specific VOCs were identified, of which the production of 16 has not been previously reported in the Streptomyces. Among chemical classes, the most abundant VOCs were terpenes, which is consistent with predicted biosynthetic capabilities. In addition, 27 of the identified VOCs were plant-associated, demonstrating that some Streptomyces spp. can also produce such molecules. It is possible that some of the VOCs detected in the current study have roles in the interaction of Streptomyces with plants and other higher organisms, which might provide opportunities for their application in agriculture or industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Cheng
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (Z.C.); (J.-A.C.)
| | - Sean McCann
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (S.M.); (E.A.H.); (K.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Faraone
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada;
| | - Jody-Ann Clarke
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (Z.C.); (J.-A.C.)
| | - E. Abbie Hudson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (S.M.); (E.A.H.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Cloonan
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (S.M.); (E.A.H.); (K.C.)
| | - N. Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; (S.M.); (E.A.H.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kapil Tahlan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (Z.C.); (J.-A.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.H.); (K.T.)
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Goelen T, Sobhy IS, Vanderaa C, Wäckers F, Rediers H, Wenseleers T, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Bacterial phylogeny predicts volatile organic compound composition and olfactory response of an aphid parasitoid. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Goelen
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Islam S. Sobhy
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal Univ. Ismailia Egypt
| | - Christophe Vanderaa
- Laboratory of Socio‐Ecology & Social Evolution, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium, and: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Univ. Lancaster UK
| | - Hans Rediers
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socio‐Ecology & Social Evolution, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Dept of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
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25
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Kessy ST, Nyundo BA, Mnyone LL, Lyimo IN. The Use of Granular Cyclopentanone as Alternative to Artificial Source of Carbon Dioxide in Improved Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD). ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:7620389. [PMID: 32581659 PMCID: PMC7306862 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7620389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable sources of CO2 that are relatively cheap, obtainable, and easy to sustain are immediately required for scaling up of odor-baited mosquito surveillance and control devices. Several odor-baited devices are in the pipeline; however, their scale-up against residual malaria transmission, particularly in resource poor areas, is limited by the unavailability of reliable sources of CO2 and reliance on electrical power sources among other factors. We evaluated the use of granular cyclopentanone as an alternative to artificial or yeast fermentation-produced CO2 in passive outdoor host seeking device (POHD). Experiments were conducted against semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system (SFS) at Ifakara Health Institute. Mosquitoes were tested against odor-baited POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2, granular cyclopentanone, attractive blends (Mbita or Ifakara), or their combinations. An insecticide, bendiocarb, was a killing agent used as a proxy for marking the mosquitoes visit the POHDs. Relative attractiveness of different treatment combinations was compared based on the proportion of dead mosquitoes that visited the POHD. The POHD augmented with granules of cyclopentanone alone was attractive to An. arabiensis as much as, or more than, POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2. The POHD baited with CO2 attracted more mosquitoes than those POHDs baited with synthetic blends alone; when these blends are combined with CO2, they attracted more mosquitoes than individual blends. More importantly, such POHDs baited with cyclopentanone attracted far greater proportion of mosquitoes than the POHD baited with either Mbita or Ifakara blend alone. The granular cyclopentanone strongly enhanced/potentiated the attractiveness of POHD baited with Mbita blends against mosquitoes compared to that of POHD baited with Ifakara blend. Moreover, the granular cyclopentanone retained its residual activity against An. arabiensis for up to 2 months after application particularly when used in combination with Mbita blend. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cyclopentanone granules have the potential to substitute sources of CO2 in outdoor-based surveillance and control devices, thus warranting evaluation of such alternative under realistic field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T. Kessy
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Passage, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Bruno A. Nyundo
- Zoology and Wildlife Conservation Department, College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35091, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ladslaus L. Mnyone
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Passage, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro, Tanzania
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Issa N. Lyimo
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 53, Off Mlabani Passage, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Ghaninia M, Majeed S, Dekker T, Hill SR, Ignell R. Hold your breath - Differential behavioral and sensory acuity of mosquitoes to acetone and carbon dioxide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226815. [PMID: 31887129 PMCID: PMC6936819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Host seeking in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles coluzzii, relies on specific and generic host-derived odorants. Previous analyses indicate that the behavioral response of these species depends differentially on the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other constituents in human breath for activation and attraction. In this study, we use a flight tube assay and electrophysiological analysis to assess the role of acetone, a major component of exhaled human breath, in modulating the behavioral and sensory neuronal response of these mosquito species, in the presence and absence of CO2. When presented alone at ecologically relevant concentrations, acetone increases attraction in Ae. aegypti, but not in An. coluzzii. Moreover, in combination with CO2, human breath-equivalents of acetone ranging between 0.1 and 10 ppm reproduces a behavioral response similar to that observed to human breath in host-seeking Ae. aegypti, but not in An. coluzzii. Acetone does, however, reduce attraction to CO2 in An. coluzzii, when presented at a higher concentration of 10 ppm. We identify the capitate peg A neuron of the maxillary palp of both species as a dual detector of CO2 and acetone. The sensory response to acetone, or binary blends of acetone and CO2, reflects the observed behavioral output in both Ae. aegypti and An. coluzzii. We conclude that host recognition is contextual and dependent on a combination of ecologically relevant odorants at naturally occurring concentrations that are encoded, in this case, by differences in the temporal structure of the neuronal response. This information should be considered when designing synthetic blends for that optimally attract mosquitoes for monitoring and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghaninia
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Division of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahid Majeed
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Teun Dekker
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sharon R. Hill
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Disease Vector Group, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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27
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Verschut TA, Carlsson MA, Hambäck PA. Scaling the interactive effects of attractive and repellent odours for insect search behaviour. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15309. [PMID: 31653955 PMCID: PMC6814803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects searching for resources are exposed to a complexity of mixed odours, often involving both attractant and repellent substances. Understanding how insects respond to this complexity of cues is crucial for understanding consumer-resource interactions, but also to develop novel tools to control harmful pests. To advance our understanding of insect responses to combinations of attractive and repellent odours, we formulated three qualitative hypotheses; the response-ratio hypothesis, the repellent-threshold hypothesis and the odour-modulation hypothesis. The hypotheses were tested by exposing Drosophila melanogaster in a wind tunnel to combinations of vinegar as attractant and four known repellents; benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, geosmin and phenol. The responses to benzaldehyde, 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin provided support for the response-ratio hypothesis, which assumes that the behavioural response depends on the ratio between attractants and repellents. The response to phenol, rather supported the repellent-threshold hypothesis, where aversion only occurs above a threshold concentration of the repellent due to overshadowing of the attractant. We hypothesize that the different responses may be connected to the localization of receptors, as receptors detecting phenol are located on the maxillary palps whereas receptors detecting the other odorants are located on the antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Verschut
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael A Carlsson
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Zhang X, Machado RA, Doan CV, Arce CC, Hu L, Robert CA. Entomopathogenic nematodes increase predation success by inducing cadaver volatiles that attract healthy herbivores. eLife 2019; 8:46668. [PMID: 31509107 PMCID: PMC6739876 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivore natural enemies protect plants by regulating herbivore populations. Whether they can alter the behavior of their prey to increase predation success is unknown. We investigate if and how infection by the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora changes the behavior of healthy larvae of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), a major pest of maize. We found that nematode-infected rootworm cadavers are attractive to rootworm larvae, and that this behavior increases nematode reproductive success. Nematode-infected rootworms release distinct volatile bouquets, including the unusual volatile butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). BHT alone attracts rootworms, and increases nematode reproductive success. A screen of different nematode and herbivore species shows that attraction of healthy hosts to nematode-infected cadavers is widespread and likely involves species-specific volatile cues. This study reveals a new facet of the biology of herbivore natural enemies that boosts their predation success by increasing the probability of host encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Cong Van Doan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Cm Arce
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mafra-Neto A, Dekker T. Novel odor-based strategies for integrated management of vectors of disease. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 34:105-111. [PMID: 31247410 PMCID: PMC6717672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The proven ability of vector mosquitoes to adapt to various strategies developed to control them has enabled mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis to remain entrenched as public health threats all over the world. Rather than continuing to seek a miracle cure for all mosquito vector problems among the ranks of single mode-of-action chemical pesticides, today's developers of vector control strategies are increasingly turning to more integrated, varied techniques, relying on pheromones and other semiochemicals to effect vector control through behavioral manipulation of the vector. Examples of this focus include attract-and-kill technologies utilizing floral odors and vertebrate host-associated scent cues to achieve control of adult mosquitoes, and selective oviposition attractants and larval phagostimulants to improve the efficacy of bacterial larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teun Dekker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Division of Chemical Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Vinauger C, Van Breugel F, Locke LT, Tobin KKS, Dickinson MH, Fairhall AL, Akbari OS, Riffell JA. Visual-Olfactory Integration in the Human Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2509-2516.e5. [PMID: 31327719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes rely on the integration of multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermal stimuli, to detect, identify, and locate their hosts [1-4]. Although we increasingly know more about the role of chemosensory behaviors in mediating mosquito-host interactions [1], the role of visual cues is comparatively less studied [3], and how the combination of olfactory and visual information is integrated in the mosquito brain remains unknown. In the present study, we used a tethered-flight light-emitting diode (LED) arena, which allowed for quantitative control over the stimuli, and a control theoretic model to show that CO2 modulates mosquito steering responses toward vertical bars. To gain insight into the neural basis of this olfactory and visual coupling, we conducted two-photon microscopy experiments in a new GCaMP6s-expressing mosquito line. Imaging revealed that neuropil regions within the lobula exhibited strong responses to objects, such as a bar, but showed little response to a large-field motion. Approximately 20% of the lobula neuropil we imaged were modulated when CO2 preceded the presentation of a moving bar. By contrast, responses in the antennal (olfactory) lobe were not modulated by visual stimuli presented before or after an olfactory stimulus. Together, our results suggest that asymmetric coupling between these sensory systems provides enhanced steering responses to discrete objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Floris Van Breugel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Lauren T Locke
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kennedy K S Tobin
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael H Dickinson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Adrienne L Fairhall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Riffell
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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31
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Coutinho-Abreu IV, Sharma K, Cui L, Yan G, Ray A. Odorant ligands for the CO 2 receptor in two Anopheles vectors of malaria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2549. [PMID: 30796292 PMCID: PMC6385339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaled CO2 is an important host-seeking cue for Anopheles mosquitoes, which is detected by a highly conserved heteromeric receptor consisting of three 7-transmembrane proteins Gr22, Gr23, and Gr24. The CO2 receptor neuron has been shown to also respond sensitively to a variety of odorants in Aedes aegypti. The detection of CO2 is important for upwind navigation and for enhancing the attraction to body heat as well as to skin odorants. The orthologs of the CO2 receptor proteins are present in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes like Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles sinensis. Activators and inhibitors of the CO2-neuron were tested on the maxillary palps in these two species by single-sensillum electrophysiology. The electrophysiological testing of three prolonged-activator odorants identified originally in Aedes aegypti also showed varying ability to reduce the CO2-ellicited increase in spikes. These findings provide a foundation for comparing the functional conservation with the evolutionary conservation of an important class of odorant receptor. The identification of a suite of natural odorants that can be used to modify the CO2-detection pathway may also contribute to odor-blends that can alter the behavior of these disease transmitting mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Public Health and Ecology & Evolution Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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32
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Slankster E, Odell SR, Mathew D. Strength in diversity: functional diversity among olfactory neurons of the same type. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:65-75. [PMID: 30604088 PMCID: PMC6382560 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most animals depend upon olfaction to find food, mates, and to avoid predators. An animal's olfactory circuit helps it sense its olfactory environment and generate critical behavioral responses. The general architecture of the olfactory circuit, which is conserved across species, is made up of a few different neuronal types including first-order receptor neurons, second- and third-order neurons, and local interneurons. Each neuronal type differs in their morphology, physiology, and neurochemistry. However, several recent studies have suggested that there is intrinsic diversity even among neurons of the same type and that this diversity is important for neural function. In this review, we first examine instances of intrinsic diversity observed among individual types of olfactory neurons. Next, we review potential genetic and experience-based plasticity mechanisms that underlie this diversity. Finally, we consider the implications of intrinsic neuronal diversity for circuit function. Overall, we hope to highlight the importance of intrinsic diversity as a previously underestimated property of circuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Slankster
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Seth R Odell
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Integrated Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Dennis Mathew
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., MS: 0314, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
- Integrated Neuroscience Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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33
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Clark DA, Odell SR, Armstrong JM, Turcotte M, Kohler D, Mathis A, Schmidt DR, Mathew D. Behavior Responses to Chemical and Optogenetic Stimuli in Drosophila Larvae. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:324. [PMID: 30622461 PMCID: PMC6308144 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal’s ability to navigate an olfactory environment is critically dependent on the activities of its first-order olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). While considerable research has focused on ORN responses to odorants, the mechanisms by which olfactory information is encoded in the activities of ORNs and translated into navigational behavior remain poorly understood. We sought to determine the contributions of most Drosophila melanogaster larval ORNs to navigational behavior. Using odorants to activate ORNs and a larval tracking assay to measure the corresponding behavioral response, we observed that larval ORN activators cluster into four groups based on the behavior responses elicited from larvae. This is significant because it provides new insights into the functional relationship between ORN activity and behavioral response. Subsequent optogenetic analyses of a subset of ORNs revealed previously undescribed properties of larval ORNs. Furthermore, our results indicated that different temporal patterns of ORN activation elicit different behavioral outputs: some ORNs respond to stimulus increments while others respond to stimulus decrements. These results suggest that the ability of ORNs to encode temporal patterns of stimulation increases the coding capacity of the olfactory circuit. Moreover, the ability of ORNs to sense stimulus increments and decrements facilitates instantaneous evaluations of concentration changes in the environment. Together, these ORN properties enable larvae to efficiently navigate a complex olfactory environment. Ultimately, knowledge of how ORN activity patterns and their weighted contributions influence odor coding may eventually reveal how peripheral information is organized and transmitted to subsequent layers of a neural circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States.,Integrated Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Seth R Odell
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States.,Integrated Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Joanna M Armstrong
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Mariah Turcotte
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Donovan Kohler
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - America Mathis
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Deena R Schmidt
- Integrated Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States.,Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Dennis Mathew
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States.,Integrated Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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Koydemir HC, Ozcan A. Wearable and Implantable Sensors for Biomedical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:127-146. [PMID: 29490190 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health technologies offer great promise for reducing healthcare costs and improving patient care. Wearable and implantable technologies are contributing to a transformation in the mobile health era in terms of improving healthcare and health outcomes and providing real-time guidance on improved health management and tracking. In this article, we review the biomedical applications of wearable and implantable medical devices and sensors, ranging from monitoring to prevention of diseases, as well as the materials used in the fabrication of these devices and the standards for wireless medical devices and mobile applications. We conclude by discussing some of the technical challenges in wearable and implantable technology and possible solutions for overcoming these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
- Bioengineering Department and California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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35
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Zhou YH, Zhang ZW, Fu YF, Zhang GC, Yuan S. Carbon Dioxide, Odorants, Heat and Visible Cues Affect Wild Mosquito Landing in Open Spaces. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:86. [PMID: 29867387 PMCID: PMC5949359 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2 and other chemicals affect mosquito blood meal seeking behavior. Heat, humidity and black color can also serve as orientation cues. However mosquito attraction does not necessarily mean that it will land. The sequence of the cues used for mosquito landing is unclear. We performed a field study with wild mosquitoes in an open space and found that no chemicals (except pyrethrins) could completely prevent mosquitoes from landing. CO2 mimics cyclopentanone and pyridine attracted mosquitoes but did not lead to landing. No mosquito was caught in the absence of heat, although in the presence of CO2. Mosquito females commonly explore visible black objects by eyes, which is independent of infrared radiation. Humidification around the heat source may increase the detection distance but it did not affect mosquito landing. If a black object was located distant from the CO2 and heat, mosquitoes still explored the heat source. Relative to CO2 and heat, odorants, humidity and black color show lesser effects on mosquito landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gong-Chang Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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36
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Characterization of Chemosensory Responses on the Labellum of the Malaria Vector Mosquito, Anopheles coluzzii. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5656. [PMID: 29618749 PMCID: PMC5884837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae coluzzii (An. coluzzii) uses olfaction to modulate a range of critical behaviors that are essential for survival and reproduction; most notably, host preference and selection underlie its vectorial capacity for human malaria. As is the case for all mosquitoes, An. coluzzii has three specialized peripheral olfactory appendages—the antennae, maxillary palps and labella—which are used to detect and orient in response to a large variety of olfactory cues. Of these, neither the molecular nor the physiological significance of the labellum have been thoroughly characterized despite suggestions that labial-derived odorant reception is critical for close-range host attraction. Here we report global chemoreceptor transcriptome profiles together with a systematic electrophysiological analysis of labial T2 sensilla, and associated behavioral responses of female An. coluzzii. Single sensillum recordings of the T2 sensilla revealed robust responses to odorants previously associated with human sweat and oviposition sites and identified a 10-component blend that elicited attraction in a dual-choice landing bioassay designed to mimic host seeking in which non-blood fed females were significantly more attracted to the labial-responsive odorant blend as compared to gravid females. Taken together, these data suggest that, in An. coluzzii, olfactory responses derived from the labellum contribute to host-seeking.
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Signaling Mode of the Broad-Spectrum Conserved CO 2 Receptor Is One of the Important Determinants of Odor Valence in Drosophila. Neuron 2018; 97:1153-1167.e4. [PMID: 29429938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Odor detection involves hundreds of olfactory receptors from diverse families, making modeling of hedonic valence of an odorant difficult, even in Drosophila melanogaster where most receptors have been deorphanised. We demonstrate that a broadly tuned heteromeric receptor that detects CO2 (Gr21a, Gr63a) and other odorants is a key determinant of valence along with a few members of the Odorant receptor family in a T-maze, but not in a trap assay. Gr21a and Gr63a have atypically high amino acid conservation in Dipteran insects, and they use both inhibition and activation to convey positive or negative valence for numerous odorants. Inhibitors elicit a robust Gr63a-dependent attraction, while activators, strong aversion. The attractiveness of inhibitory odorants increases with increasing background CO2 levels, providing a mechanism for behavior modulation in odor blends. In mosquitoes, valence is switched and activation of the orthologous receptor conveys attraction. Reverse chemical ecology enables the identification of inhibitory odorants to reduce attraction of mosquitoes to skin.
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38
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Robertson BA, Ostfeld RS, Keesing F. Trojan Females and Judas Goats: Evolutionary Traps as Tools in Wildlife Management. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guillermin ML, Carrillo MA, Hallem EA. A Single Set of Interneurons Drives Opposite Behaviors in C. elegans. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2630-2639.e6. [PMID: 28823678 PMCID: PMC6193758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many chemosensory stimuli evoke innate behavioral responses that can be either appetitive or aversive, depending on an animal's age, prior experience, nutritional status, and environment [1-9]. However, the circuit mechanisms that enable these valence changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans can alternate between attractive or aversive responses to carbon dioxide (CO2), depending on its recently experienced CO2 environment. Both responses are mediated by a single pathway of interneurons. The CO2-evoked activity of these interneurons is subject to extreme experience-dependent modulation, enabling them to drive opposite behavioral responses to CO2. Other interneurons in the circuit regulate behavioral sensitivity to CO2 independent of valence. A combinatorial code of neuropeptides acts on the circuit to regulate both valence and sensitivity. Chemosensory valence-encoding interneurons exist across phyla, and valence is typically determined by whether appetitive or aversive interneuron populations are activated. Our results reveal an alternative mechanism of valence determination in which the same interneurons contribute to both attractive and aversive responses through modulation of sensory neuron to interneuron synapses. This circuit design represents a previously unrecognized mechanism for generating rapid changes in innate chemosensory valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon L Guillermin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayra A Carrillo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elissa A Hallem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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40
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Izadi H, Focke WW, Asaadi E, Maharaj R, Pretorius J, Loots MT. A promising azeotrope-like mosquito repellent blend. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10273. [PMID: 28860609 PMCID: PMC5579307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical repellents play a key role in reducing the outdoor transmission of mosquito-borne diseases by reducing human-vector contact. Excellent repellents are available, but there is always room for improvement. This article reports on a particularly effective binary repellent blend of ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate and nonanoic acid. A composition containing 25 mol% of the acid exhibits negative pseudo-azeotrope behaviour at 50 °C, meaning that the liquid vapour pressure is lower than that of the parent compounds and evaporation occurs without a change in the liquid composition. In tests performed using the South African Medical Research Council’s cup-on-arm procedure, this mixture provided better protection for a longer time than the “gold standard of mosquito repellents”, namely N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, commonly known as DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Izadi
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Walter W Focke
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. .,Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Erfan Asaadi
- Institute of Applied Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rajendra Maharaj
- Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Office of Malaria Research, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jannie Pretorius
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputer Centre, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mburu MM, Mweresa CK, Omusula P, Hiscox A, Takken W, Mukabana WR. 2-Butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus. Malar J 2017; 16:351. [PMID: 28836977 PMCID: PMC5571623 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (CO2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. However, the use of CO2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. Methods This study explored the possibility of replacing organically-produced CO2 with 2-butanone in odour blends targeting host-seeking malaria mosquitoes. During semi-field and field experiments MM-X traps were baited with a human odour mimic (MB5 blend) plus CO2 or 2-butanone at varying concentrations. Unbaited traps formed a control. The attraction of Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus to these differently baited traps was measured and mean catch sizes were compared to determine whether 2-butanone could form a viable replacement for CO2 for these target species. Results Under semi-field conditions significantly more female An. gambiae mosquitoes were attracted to a reference attractant blend (MB5 + CO2) compared to MB5 without CO2 (P < 0.001), CO2 alone (P < 0.001), or a trap without a bait (P < 0.001). Whereas MB5 + CO2 attracted significantly more mosquitoes than its variants containing MB5 plus different dilutions of 2-butanone (P = 0.001), the pure form (99.5%) and the 1.0% dilution of 2-butanone gave promising results. In the field mean indoor catches of wild female An. gambiae s.l. in traps containing MB5 + CO2 (5.07 ± 1.01) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (3.10 ± 0.65) did not differ significantly (P = 0.09). The mean indoor catches of wild female An. funestus attracted to traps containing MB5 + CO2 (3.87 ± 0.79) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (3.37 ± 0.70) were also similar (P = 0.635). Likewise, the mean outdoor catches of An. gambiae and An. funestus associated with MB5 + CO2 (1.63 ± 0.38 and 0.53 ± 0.17, respectively) and MB5 + 99.5% 2-butanone (1.33 ± 0.32 and 0.40 ± 0.14, respectively) were not significantly different (P = 0.544 and P = 0.533, respectively). Conclusion These results demonstrate that 2-butanone can serve as a good replacement for CO2 in synthetic blends of attractants designed to attract host-seeking An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus mosquitoes. This development underscores the possibility of using odour-baited traps (OBTs) for monitoring and surveillance as well as control of malaria vectors and potentially other mosquito species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monicah M Mburu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Collins K Mweresa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 210, Bondo, 40601, Kenya.,Science for Health, P.O. Box 44970, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Philemon Omusula
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,International Centre for Aids Care and Treatment Program, Ministry of Health, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 849, Kisumu, 50100, Kenya
| | - Alexandra Hiscox
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang R Mukabana
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya. .,Science for Health, P.O. Box 44970, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
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42
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Dzialo MC, Park R, Steensels J, Lievens B, Verstrepen KJ. Physiology, ecology and industrial applications of aroma formation in yeast. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:S95-S128. [PMID: 28830094 PMCID: PMC5916228 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells are often employed in industrial fermentation processes for their ability to efficiently convert relatively high concentrations of sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Additionally, fermenting yeast cells produce a wide range of other compounds, including various higher alcohols, carbonyl compounds, phenolic compounds, fatty acid derivatives and sulfur compounds. Interestingly, many of these secondary metabolites are volatile and have pungent aromas that are often vital for product quality. In this review, we summarize the different biochemical pathways underlying aroma production in yeast as well as the relevance of these compounds for industrial applications and the factors that influence their production during fermentation. Additionally, we discuss the different physiological and ecological roles of aroma-active metabolites, including recent findings that point at their role as signaling molecules and attractants for insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Dzialo
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rahel Park
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Steensels
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, Fortsesteenweg 30A B-2860 Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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do Nascimento-Carvalho ÉS, Cesário RDA, do Vale VF, Aranda AT, Valente ACDS, Maia-Herzog M. A new methodology for sampling blackflies for the entomological surveillance of onchocerciasis in Brazil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179754. [PMID: 28727733 PMCID: PMC5519025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the MosqTent® trap was evaluated in endemic area to onchocerciasis in Brazil. This study seeks to provide subsidies for the monitoring of the onchocerciasis transmission in the country. The study was carried out at the Homoxi and Thirei villages, located in the Yanomami Indigenous Land, in the state of Roraima. This area presents hyperendemicity, high blackflies densities, large population migrations and mining activities. The Homoxi and Thirei villages are assisted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. To conduct the present study, the village leader, health leaders and the Brazilian Ethics Committee were consulted. Blackflies captures were carried out simultaneously at the Homoxi and Thirei, using systematized methods to allow for comparisons between the traditional Human Landing Catch (HLC) and HLC protected by the MosqTent®. The female blackflies were captured at two equidistant capture stations per locality, by two collectors per station, for five consecutive days. Individuals captured by interval/station/day were counted, identified and maintained at -20°C. The underlying probability distributions and the differences between the methods for the independent sample data were verified in a comparative statistical analysis between the use of the MosqTent® and the HLC. A total of 10,855 antropophilic blackflies were captured by both methodologies. A total of 7,367 (67.87%) blackflies belonging to seven species were captured by MosqTent® -Simulium incrustatum s.l (99.06%); S. guianense s.l (0.74%), S. oyapockense s.l (0.01%), S. exiguum (0.10%), S. metallicum (0.05%), S. ochraceum (0.03%) and S. minusculum s.l (0.01%). Moreover, 3,488 (32.14%) blackflies belonging to four species were captured by HLC-S. incrustatum s.l (98.33%); S. guianense s.l (1.38%), S. oyapockense s.l (0.26%) and S. metallicum (0.03%). The MosqTent® was more effective and efficient when compared to HLC. When comparing total blackflies captured/day, the MosqTent® was more efficient than HLC (p = 0.031) with a means of 799.4 blackflies/day versus 217.6 blackflies/day by HLC. The results demonstrated improved performance and high reliability of the MosqTent® compared to the traditional HLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika S. do Nascimento-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Andrade Cesário
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Vladimir Fazito do Vale
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arion Tulio Aranda
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina dos Santos Valente
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilza Maia-Herzog
- Laboratório de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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44
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Wang P, Xu X, Liao S, Song J, Fan G, Chen S, Wang Z. Quantitative structure-activity relationship study of amide mosquito repellents. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:341-353. [PMID: 28521600 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1320585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study on 43 amide repellents was carried out by the heuristic method in order to reveal the correlations between molecular parameters of these amides and their repellency against Aedes aegypti. Sketches and optimizations of molecular structures were achieved by the Gaussian software package. Generation and screening of molecular parameters were accomplished using CODESSA 2.7.10 software. The leave-one-out method was applied for the model validation. The results showed that a four-descriptor QSAR model with r2 of 0.897 was obtained. The average r2 values of the training set and test set of the QSAR model were 0.901 and 0.863, respectively, which suggested that the stability and predictability of the model were confirmed. Analysis of the implications of the descriptors that constitute the QSAR model indicated that all the descriptors were related to the charge distribution over the molecule and affect the dipole moment of the repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Camphor Tree Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry Administration and Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , China
| | - X Xu
- a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Camphor Tree Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry Administration and Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , China
| | - S Liao
- a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Camphor Tree Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry Administration and Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , China
| | - J Song
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Michigan-Flint , Flint , MI , USA
| | - G Fan
- a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Camphor Tree Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry Administration and Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , China
| | - S Chen
- a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Camphor Tree Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry Administration and Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , China
| | - Z Wang
- a College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Camphor Tree Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry Administration and Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , China
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45
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Islam J, Zaman K, Duarah S, Raju PS, Chattopadhyay P. Mosquito repellents: An insight into the chronological perspectives and novel discoveries. Acta Trop 2017; 167:216-230. [PMID: 28040483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito being the major medically important arthropod vector; requires utmost attention to reduce the sufferings and economic consequences of those living in the endemic regions. This is only possible by minimising the human-mosquito contact by an absolute preventing measure. However, unfortunately, such absolute measures are yet to be developed despite enormous efforts and huge investments worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for number of mosquito-borne diseases, repellents could be an attractive option for both military personal and civilians to minimise the risk of contacting different mosquito-borne diseases. However, to achieve this golden goal, the detailed knowledge of a particular repellent is must, including its mode of repellency and other relevant informations. Here, in the present article, an effort has been made to convey the best and latest information on repellents in order to enhance the knowledge of scientific community. The review offers an overview on mosquito repellents, the novel discoveries, and areas in need of attention such as novel repellent formulations and their future prospective.
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46
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Andersson MN, Newcomb RD. Pest Control Compounds Targeting Insect Chemoreceptors: Another Silent Spring? Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Pitts RJ, Derryberry SL, Zhang Z, Zwiebel LJ. Variant Ionotropic Receptors in the Malaria Vector Mosquito Anopheles gambiae Tuned to Amines and Carboxylic Acids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40297. [PMID: 28067294 PMCID: PMC5220300 DOI: 10.1038/srep40297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal Afrotropical human malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, remains a significant threat to global health. A critical component in the transmission of malaria is the ability of An. gambiae females to detect and respond to human-derived chemical kairomones in their search for blood meal hosts. The basis for host odor responses resides in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that express chemoreceptors encoded by large gene families, including the odorant receptors (ORs) and the variant ionotropic receptors (IRs). While ORs have been the focus of extensive investigation, functional IR complexes and the chemical compounds that activate them have not been identified in An. gambiae. Here we report the transcriptional profiles and functional characterization of three An. gambiae IR (AgIr) complexes that specifically respond to amines or carboxylic acids - two classes of semiochemicals that have been implicated in mediating host-seeking by adult females but are not known to activate An. gambiae ORs (AgOrs). Our results suggest that AgIrs play critical roles in the detection and behavioral responses to important classes of host odors that are underrepresented in the AgOr chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jason Pitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen L Derryberry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Laurence J Zwiebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Program in Developmental Biology and Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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48
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Shang X, Xie G, Kong XY, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Tian W, Wen L, Jiang L. An Artificial CO 2 -Driven Ionic Gate Inspired by Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Mosquitoes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603884. [PMID: 27786377 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel CO2 -driven ionic gate, mimicking the function of olfactory sensory neurons of mosquitoes, is successfully developed by functionalizing the walls of the nanochannels using 1-(4-amino-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. This artificial nanochannel can switch between the ON-state and OFF-state in the presence and absence of CO2 , with an ultrahigh gating ratio of up to 1250, and has potential applications in CO2 -related sensing, gating, and nanofluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ganhua Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Kong
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Clark JT, Ray A. Olfactory Mechanisms for Discovery of Odorants to Reduce Insect-Host Contact. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:919-930. [PMID: 27628342 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insects have developed highly sophisticated and sensitive olfactory systems to find animal or plant hosts for feeding. Some insects vector pathogens that cause diseases in hundreds of millions of people and destroy billions of dollars of food products every year. There is great interest, therefore, in understanding how the insect olfactory system can be manipulated to reduce their contact with hosts. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of insect olfactory detection mechanisms, which may serve as a foundation for designing insect control programs based on manipulation of their behaviors by using odorants. Because every insect species has a unique set of olfactory receptors and olfactory-mediated behaviors, we focus primarily on general principles of odor detection that potentially apply to most insects. While these mechanisms have emerged from studies on model systems for study of insect olfaction, such as Drosophila melanogaster, they provide a foundation for discovery of odorants to repel vector insects or reduce their host-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Clark
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Entomology Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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50
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Hiscox A, Homan T, Mweresa CK, Maire N, Di Pasquale A, Masiga D, Oria PA, Alaii J, Leeuwis C, Mukabana WR, Takken W, Smith TA. Mass mosquito trapping for malaria control in western Kenya: study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster-randomised trial. Trials 2016; 17:356. [PMID: 27460054 PMCID: PMC4962350 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing levels of insecticide resistance as well as outdoor, residual transmission of malaria threaten the efficacy of existing vector control tools used against malaria mosquitoes. The development of odour-baited mosquito traps has led to the possibility of controlling malaria through mass trapping of malaria vectors. Through daily removal trapping against a background of continued bed net use it is anticipated that vector populations could be suppressed to a level where continued transmission of malaria will no longer be possible. Methods/design A stepped wedge cluster-randomised trial design was used for the implementation of mass mosquito trapping on Rusinga Island, western Kenya (the SolarMal project). Over the course of 2 years (2013–2015) all households on the island were provided with a solar-powered mosquito trapping system. A continuous health and demographic surveillance system combined with parasitological surveys three times a year, successive rounds of mosquito monitoring and regular sociological studies allowed measurement of intervention outcomes before, during and at completion of the rollout of traps. Data collection continued after achieving mass coverage with traps in order to estimate the longer term effectiveness of this novel intervention. Solar energy was exploited to provide electric light and mobile phone charging for each household, and the impacts of these immediate tangible benefits upon acceptability of and adherence to the use of the intervention are being measured. Discussion This study will be the first to evaluate whether the principle of solar-powered mass mosquito trapping could be an effective tool for elimination of malaria. If proven to be effective, this novel approach to malaria control would be a valuable addition to the existing strategies of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and case management. Sociological studies provide a knowledge base for understanding the usage of this novel tool. Trial registration Trialregister.nl: NTR3496 – SolarMal. Registered on 20 June 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1469-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hiscox
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tobias Homan
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Collins K Mweresa
- Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicolas Maire
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio Di Pasquale
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Masiga
- Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Prisca A Oria
- Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.,Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Alaii
- Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya.,Context Factor Solutions, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cees Leeuwis
- Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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