1
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Johnson D, Allison RM, Cannavo E, Cejka P, Harper JA, Neale MJ. Exploring the removal of Spo11 and topoisomerases from DNA breaks in S. cerevisiae by human Tyrosyl DNA Phosphodiesterase 2. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 142:103757. [PMID: 39236418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) created by Spo11, a type-II topoisomerase-like protein that becomes covalently linked to DSB ends. Whilst Spo11 oligos-the products of nucleolytic removal by Mre11-have been detected in several organisms, the lifetime of the covalent Spo11-DSB precursor has not been determined and may be subject to alternative processing. Here, we explore the activity of human Tyrosyl DNA Phosphodiesterase, TDP2-a protein known to repair DNA ends arising from abortive topoisomerase activity-on Spo11 DSBs isolated from S. cerevisiae cells. We demonstrate that TDP2 can remove Spo11 peptides from ssDNA oligos and dsDNA ends even in the presence of competitor genomic DNA. Interestingly, TDP2-processed DSB ends are refractory to resection by Exo1, suggesting that ssDNA generated by Mre11 may be essential in vivo to facilitate HR at Spo11 DSBs even if TDP2 were active. Moreover, although TDP2 can remove Spo11 peptides in vitro, TDP2 expression in meiotic cells was unable to remove Spo11 in vivo-contrasting its ability to aid repair of topoisomerase-induced DNA lesions. These results suggest that Spo11-DNA, but not topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complexes, are inaccessible to the TDP2 enzyme, perhaps due to occlusion by higher-order protein complexes at sites of meiotic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Johnson
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton UK
| | - Rachal M Allison
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton UK
| | - Elda Cannavo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jon A Harper
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton UK
| | - Matthew J Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton UK.
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2
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Rafiei N, Ronceret A. The plant early recombinosome: a high security complex to break DNA during meiosis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00509-7. [PMID: 39331138 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The formacion of numerous unpredictable DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) on chromosomes iniciates meiotic recombination. In this perspective, we propose a 'multi-key lock' model to secure the risky but necesary breaks as well as a 'one per pair of cromatids' model for the topoisomerase-like early recombinosome. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes recombine at few sites of crossing-overs (COs) to ensure correct segregation. The initiation of meiotic recombination involves the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) during prophase I. Too many DSBs are dangerous for genome integrity: if these DSBs are not properly repaired, it could potentially lead to chromosomal fragmentation. Too few DSBs are also problematic: if the obligate CO cannot form between bivalents, catastrophic unequal segregation of univalents lead to the formation of sterile aneuploid spores. Research on the regulation of the formation of these necessary but risky DSBs has recently advanced in yeast, mammals and plants. DNA DSBs are created by the enzymatic activity of the early recombinosome, a topoisomerase-like complex containing SPO11. This opinion paper reviews recent insights on the regulation of the SPO11 cofactors necessary for the introduction of temporally and spatially controlled DSBs. We propose that a 'multi-key-lock' model for each subunit of the early recombinosome complex is required to secure the formation of DSBs. We also discuss the hypothetical implications that the established topoisomerase-like nature of the SPO11 core-complex can have in creating DSB in only one of the two replicated chromatids of early prophase I meiotic chromosomes. This hypothetical 'one per pair of chromatids' DSB formation model could optimize the faithful repair of the self-inflicted DSBs. Each DSB could use three potential intact homologous DNA sequences as repair template: one from the sister chromatid and the two others from the homologous chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rafiei
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Arnaud Ronceret
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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3
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Kim S, Yamada S, Li T, Canasto-Chibuque C, Kim JH, Marcet-Ortega M, Xu J, Eng DY, Feeney L, Petrini JHJ, Keeney S. The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex both starts and extends DNA end resection in mouse meiosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.17.608390. [PMID: 39185212 PMCID: PMC11343206 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.17.608390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Nucleolytic resection of DNA ends is critical for homologous recombination, but its mechanism is not fully understood, particularly in mammalian meiosis. Here we examine roles of the conserved MRN complex (MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1) through genome-wide analysis of meiotic resection in mice with various MRN mutations, including several that cause chromosomal instability in humans. Meiotic DSBs form at elevated levels but remain unresected if Mre11 is conditionally deleted, thus MRN is required for both resection initiation and regulation of DSB numbers. Resection lengths are reduced to varying degrees in MRN hypomorphs or if MRE11 nuclease activity is attenuated in a conditional nuclease-dead Mre11 model. These findings unexpectedly establish that MRN is needed for longer-range extension of resection, not just resection initiation. Finally, resection defects are additively worsened by combining MRN and Exo1 mutations, and mice that are unable to initiate resection or have greatly curtailed resection lengths experience catastrophic spermatogenic failure. Our results elucidate multiple functions of MRN in meiotic recombination, uncover unanticipated relationships between short- and long-range resection, and establish the importance of resection for mammalian meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonjoung Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- The HAKUBI Center for Advanced Research, and Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tao Li
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Claudia Canasto-Chibuque
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jun Hyun Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Marina Marcet-Ortega
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Diana Y. Eng
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Laura Feeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John H. J. Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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4
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Kim S, Yamada S, Maekawa K, Keeney S. Optimized methods for mapping DNA double-strand-break ends and resection tracts and application to meiotic recombination in mouse spermatocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.10.606181. [PMID: 39149289 PMCID: PMC11326271 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.10.606181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) made by SPO11 protein initiate homologous recombination during meiosis. Subsequent to DNA strand breakage, endo- and exo-nucleases process the DNA ends to resect the strands whose 5´ termini are at the DSB, generating long 3´-terminal single-stranded tails that serve as substrates for strand exchange proteins. DSB resection is essential for meiotic recombination, but a detailed understanding of its molecular mechanism is currently lacking. Genomic approaches to mapping DSBs and resection endpoints, e.g., S1-sequencing (S1-seq) and similar methods, play a critical role in studies of meiotic DSB processing. In these methods, nuclease S1 or other enzymes that specifically degrade ssDNA are used to trim resected DSBs, allowing capture and sequencing of the ends of resection tracts. Here, we present optimization of S1-seq that improves its signal:noise ratio and allows its application to analysis of spermatocyte meiosis in adult mice. Furthermore, quantitative features of meiotic resection are evaluated for reproducibility, and we suggest approaches for analysis and interpretation of S1-seq data. We also compare S1-seq to variants that use exonuclease T and/or exonuclease VII from Escherichia coli instead of nuclease S1. Detailed step-by-step protocols and suggestions for troubleshooting are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonjoung Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- The HAKUBI Center for Advanced Research, and Department of Aging Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaku Maekawa
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases and the Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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5
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De Jaeger-Braet J, Schnittger A. Heating up meiosis - Chromosome recombination and segregation under high temperatures. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 80:102548. [PMID: 38749207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the major constraints to plant growth and fertility. During the current climate crisis, heat waves have increased dramatically, and even more extreme conditions are predicted for the near future, considerably affecting ecosystems and seriously threatening world food security. Although heat is very well known to affect especially reproductive structures, little is known about how heat interferes with reproduction in comparison to somatic cells and tissues. Recently, the effect of heat on meiosis as a central process in sexual reproduction has been analyzed in molecular and cytological depth. Notably, these studies are not only important for applied research by laying the foundation for breeding heat-resilient crops, but also for fundamental research, revealing general regulatory mechanisms of recombination and chromosome segregation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Jaeger-Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Kogo H, Kikuchi-Kokubo Y, Tajika Y, Iizuka-Kogo A, Yamamoto H, Ikezawa M, Kurahashi H, Matsuzaki T. Differential phosphorylation of two serine clusters in mouse HORMAD1 during meiotic prophase I progression. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114133. [PMID: 38897409 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mouse HORMAD1 is a phospho-protein involved in multiple functions during meiotic prophase I. To obtain insight into the significance of its phosphorylation, we generated phospho-specific antibodies against two serine residues, Ser307 and Ser378, representing each of two serine clusters in mouse HORMAD1. The Ser307 phosphorylation is detectable from early leptotene substage in both wild-type and Spo11-/- spermatocytes, indicating that Ser307 is a primary and SPO11-independent phosphorylation site. In contrast, the Ser378 phosphorylation is negligible at earlier substages in wild-type and Spo11-/- spermatocytes. After mid-zygotene substage, the Ser378 phosphorylation is abundant on unsynapsed chromosome axes in wild-type spermatocytes and is detected only in a part of unsynapsed chromosome axes in Spo11-/- spermatocytes. We also generated a non-phosphorylated Ser307-specific antibody and found that Ser307 is phosphorylated on sex chromosome axes but is almost entirely unphosphorylated on desynapsed chromosome axes in diplotene spermatocytes. These results demonstrated a substage-specific phosphorylation status of mouse HORMAD1, which might be associated with multiple substage-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Division of Molecular Genetics, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuka Kikuchi-Kokubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tajika
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Iizuka-Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hanako Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Maiko Ikezawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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7
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Lampitto M, Barchi M. Recent advances in mechanisms ensuring the pairing, synapsis and segregation of XY chromosomes in mice and humans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:194. [PMID: 38653846 PMCID: PMC11039559 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sex chromosome aneuploidies are among the most common variations in human whole chromosome copy numbers, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1:400 to 1:1400 live births. Unlike whole-chromosome aneuploidies of autosomes, those of sex chromosomes, such as the 47, XXY aneuploidy that causes Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), often originate from the paternal side, caused by a lack of crossover (CO) formation between the X and Y chromosomes. COs must form between all chromosome pairs to pass meiotic checkpoints and are the product of meiotic recombination that occurs between homologous sequences of parental chromosomes. Recombination between male sex chromosomes is more challenging compared to both autosomes and sex chromosomes in females, as it is restricted within a short region of homology between X and Y, called the pseudo-autosomal region (PAR). However, in normal individuals, CO formation occurs in PAR with a higher frequency than in any other region, indicating the presence of mechanisms that promote the initiation and processing of recombination in each meiotic division. In recent years, research has made great strides in identifying genes and mechanisms that facilitate CO formation in the PAR. Here, we outline the most recent and relevant findings in this field. XY chromosome aneuploidy in humans has broad-reaching effects, contributing significantly also to Turner syndrome, spontaneous abortions, oligospermia, and even infertility. Thus, in the years to come, the identification of genes and mechanisms beyond XY aneuploidy is expected to have an impact on the genetic counseling of a wide number of families and adults affected by these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lampitto
- Section of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Barchi
- Section of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Section of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Huang PC, Hong S, Mimitou EP, Kim KP, Murakami H, Keeney S. Meiotic DNA break resection and recombination rely on chromatin remodeler Fun30. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589955. [PMID: 38659928 PMCID: PMC11042300 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are nucleolytically processed to generate single-stranded DNA tails for homologous recombination. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis, this 5'-to-3' resection involves initial nicking by the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex (MRX) plus Sae2, then exonucleolytic digestion by Exo1. Chromatin remodeling adjacent to meiotic DSBs is thought to be necessary for resection, but the relevant remodeling activity was unknown. Here we show that the SWI/SNF-like ATPase Fun30 plays a major, non-redundant role in resecting meiotic DSBs. A fun30 null mutation shortened resection tract lengths almost as severely as an exo1-nd (nuclease-dead) mutation, and resection was further shortened in the fun30 exo1-nd double mutant. Fun30 associates with chromatin in response to meiotic DSBs, and the constitutive positioning of nucleosomes governs resection endpoint locations in the absence of Fun30. We infer that Fun30 directly promotes both the MRX- and Exo1-dependent steps in resection, possibly by removing nucleosomes from broken chromatids. Moreover, we found that the extremely short resection in the fun30 exo1-nd double mutant is accompanied by compromised interhomolog recombination bias, leading to defects in recombination and chromosome segregation. Thus, this study also provides insight about the minimal resection lengths needed for robust recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Huang
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Soogil Hong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Eleni P. Mimitou
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Keun P. Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
- Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hajime Murakami
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Scott Keeney
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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9
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López Ruiz LM, Johnson D, Gittens WH, Brown GGB, Allison RM, Neale MJ. Meiotic prophase length modulates Tel1-dependent DNA double-strand break interference. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011140. [PMID: 38427688 PMCID: PMC10936813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, genetic recombination is initiated by the formation of many DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) catalysed by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase-like enzyme, Spo11, in preferred genomic sites known as hotspots. DSB formation activates the Tel1/ATM DNA damage responsive (DDR) kinase, locally inhibiting Spo11 activity in adjacent hotspots via a process known as DSB interference. Intriguingly, in S. cerevisiae, over short genomic distances (<15 kb), Spo11 activity displays characteristics of concerted activity or clustering, wherein the frequency of DSB formation in adjacent hotspots is greater than expected by chance. We have proposed that clustering is caused by a limited number of sub-chromosomal domains becoming primed for DSB formation. Here, we provide evidence that DSB clustering is abolished when meiotic prophase timing is extended via deletion of the NDT80 transcription factor. We propose that extension of meiotic prophase enables most cells, and therefore most chromosomal domains within them, to reach an equilibrium state of similar Spo11-DSB potential, reducing the impact that priming has on estimates of coincident DSB formation. Consistent with this view, when Tel1 is absent but Ndt80 is present and thus cells are able to rapidly exit meiotic prophase, genome-wide maps of Spo11-DSB formation are skewed towards pericentromeric regions and regions that load pro-DSB factors early-revealing regions of preferential priming-but this effect is abolished when NDT80 is deleted. Our work highlights how the stochastic nature of Spo11-DSB formation in individual cells within the limited temporal window of meiotic prophase can cause localised DSB clustering-a phenomenon that is exacerbated in tel1Δ cells due to the dual roles that Tel1 has in DSB interference and meiotic prophase checkpoint control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María López Ruiz
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Johnson
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - William H. Gittens
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - George G. B. Brown
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Rachal M. Allison
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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10
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Liu C, Wang L, Li Y, Guo M, Hu J, Wang T, Li M, Yang Z, Lin R, Xu W, Chen Y, Luo M, Gao F, Chen JY, Sun Q, Liu H, Sun B, Li W. RNase H1 facilitates recombinase recruitment by degrading DNA-RNA hybrids during meiosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7357-7375. [PMID: 37378420 PMCID: PMC10415156 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-RNA hybrids play various roles in many physiological progresses, but how this chromatin structure is dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that germ cell-specific knockout of Rnaseh1, a specialized enzyme that degrades the RNA within DNA-RNA hybrids, impairs spermatogenesis and causes male infertility. Notably, Rnaseh1 knockout results in incomplete DNA repair and meiotic prophase I arrest. These defects arise from the altered RAD51 and DMC1 recruitment in zygotene spermatocytes. Furthermore, single-molecule experiments show that RNase H1 promotes recombinase recruitment to DNA by degrading RNA within DNA-RNA hybrids and allows nucleoprotein filaments formation. Overall, we uncover a function of RNase H1 in meiotic recombination, during which it processes DNA-RNA hybrids and facilitates recombinase recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruoyao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Zhao J, Gui X, Ren Z, Fu H, Yang C, Wang W, Liu Q, Zhang M, Wang C, Schnittger A, Liu B. ATM-mediated double-strand break repair is required for meiotic genome stability at high temperature. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:403-423. [PMID: 36786716 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, meiotic recombination maintains genome stability and creates genetic diversity. The conserved Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase regulates multiple processes in meiotic homologous recombination, including DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and repair, synaptonemal complex organization, and crossover formation and distribution. However, its function in plant meiotic recombination under stressful environmental conditions remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that ATM is required for the maintenance of meiotic genome stability under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using cytogenetic approaches we determined that ATM does not mediate reduced DSB formation but does ensure successful DSB repair, and thus meiotic chromosome integrity, under heat stress. Further genetic analysis suggested that ATM mediates DSB repair at high temperature by acting downstream of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, and acts in a RAD51-independent but chromosome axis-dependent manner. This study extends our understanding on the role of ATM in DSB repair and the protection of genome stability in plants under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Gui
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huiqi Fu
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Wenyi Wang
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qingpei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Min Zhang
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
| | - Bing Liu
- 8-A506, Arameiosis Lab, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
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12
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Lara-Cerrillo S, Urda Muñoz C, de la Casa Heras M, Camacho Fernández-Pacheco S, Gijón de la Santa J, Lacruz-Ruiz T, Rosado-Iglesias C, Gonçalves-Aponte V, Badajoz Liébana V, García-Peiró A. Microfluidic sperm sorting improves ICSI outcomes in patients with increased values of Double-Strand Breaks in sperm DNA. Rev Int Androl 2023; 21:100338. [PMID: 36335071 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delays in embryo kinetics, implantation failures in ICSI treatments and recurrent miscarriages have been associated with high values of Double-Strand Breaks (DSB) in sperm DNA. While conventional methods for semen preparation have been shown to be inefficient reducing DSB values, Microfluidic Sperm Sorting (MSS) devices are promising tools to reduce this damage. OBJECTIVE To study the clinical utility of an MSS device in ICSI treatments when the male partner presents increased DSB values, as compared to the use of conventional methods based on sperm motility. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 28 infertile couples undergoing ICSI treatments. Only couples where the male partner presented increased values of DSB were included. DSB values were evaluated in semen samples by the Neutral Comet assay. Couples performed a first ICSI cycle using conventional methods for semen preparation (Density Gradients and Swim-up) and a second ICSI cycle using the ZyMōt™ICSI (formerly named FertileChip®) microfluidic device. Embryology and clinical outcomes were compared between ICSI cycles. RESULTS Semen parameters and the number of obtained and fertilized oocytes did not show differences between ICSI rounds. Clinical outcomes were statistically better when MSS was used: the biochemical pregnancy rate increased 28.31%; the clinical pregnancy rate increased 35.56% and the number of live births increased 35.29%, as compared to the first ICSI cycle in this group of patients. CONCLUSIONS The ZyMōt™ICSI microfluidic device improved the reproductive outcomes in couples where the male partner presented increased DSB values, when compared to the use of conventional semen preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lara-Cerrillo
- CIMAB, Barcelona Male Infertility Centre, Sant Quirze del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Tania Lacruz-Ruiz
- CIMAB, Barcelona Male Infertility Centre, Sant Quirze del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agustín García-Peiró
- CIMAB, Barcelona Male Infertility Centre, Sant Quirze del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Huang Y, Roig I. Genetic control of meiosis surveillance mechanisms in mammals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1127440. [PMID: 36910159 PMCID: PMC9996228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1127440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates haploid gametes and is critical for successful sexual reproduction. During the extended meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes progressively pair, synapse and desynapse. These chromosomal dynamics are tightly integrated with meiotic recombination (MR), during which programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and subsequently repaired. Consequently, parental chromosome arms reciprocally exchange, ultimately ensuring accurate homolog segregation and genetic diversity in the offspring. Surveillance mechanisms carefully monitor the MR and homologous chromosome synapsis during meiotic prophase I to avoid producing aberrant chromosomes and defective gametes. Errors in these critical processes would lead to aneuploidy and/or genetic instability. Studies of mutation in mouse models, coupled with advances in genomic technologies, lead us to more clearly understand how meiosis is controlled and how meiotic errors are linked to mammalian infertility. Here, we review the genetic regulations of these major meiotic events in mice and highlight our current understanding of their surveillance mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize meiotic prophase genes, the mutations that activate the surveillance system leading to meiotic prophase arrest in mouse models, and their corresponding genetic variants identified in human infertile patients. Finally, we discuss their value for the diagnosis of causes of meiosis-based infertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Cytology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ignasi Roig
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Histology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Cytology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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14
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Tóth A, Székvölgyi L, Vellai T. The genome loading model for the origin and maintenance of sex in eukaryotes. Biol Futur 2022; 73:345-357. [PMID: 36534301 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding why sexual reproduction-which involves syngamy (union of gametes) and meiosis-emerged and how it has subsisted for millions of years remains a fundamental problem in biology. Considered as the essence of sex, meiotic recombination is initiated by a DNA double-strand break (DSB) that forms on one of the pairing homologous chromosomes. This DNA lesion is subsequently repaired by gene conversion, the non-reciprocal transfer of genetic information from the intact homolog. A major issue is which of the pairing homologs undergoes DSB formation. Accumulating evidence shows that chromosomal sites where the pairing homologs locally differ in size, i.e., are heterozygous for an insertion or deletion, often display disparity in gene conversion. Biased conversion tends to duplicate insertions and lose deletions. This suggests that DSB is preferentially formed on the "shorter" homologous region, which thereby acts as the recipient for DNA transfer. Thus, sex primarily functions as a genome (re)loading mechanism. It ensures the restoration of formerly lost DNA sequences (deletions) and allows the efficient copying and, mainly in eukaryotes, subsequent spreading of newly emerged sequences (insertions) arising initially in an individual genome, even if they confer no advantage to the host. In this way, sex simultaneously repairs deletions and increases genetic variability underlying adaptation. The model explains a remarkable increase in DNA content during the evolution of eukaryotic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Tóth
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Székvölgyi
- MTA-DE Momentum Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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15
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Brinkmeier J, Coelho S, de Massy B, Bourbon HM. Evolution and Diversity of the TopoVI and TopoVI-like Subunits With Extensive Divergence of the TOPOVIBL subunit. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msac227. [PMID: 36256608 PMCID: PMC9665070 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases regulate topology by double-stranded DNA cleavage and ligation. The TopoVI family of DNA topoisomerase, first identified and biochemically characterized in Archaea, represents, with TopoVIII and mini-A, the type IIB family. TopoVI has several intriguing features in terms of function and evolution. TopoVI has been identified in some eukaryotes, and a global view is lacking to understand its evolutionary pattern. In addition, in eukaryotes, the two TopoVI subunits (TopoVIA and TopoVIB) have been duplicated and have evolved to give rise to Spo11 and TopoVIBL, forming TopoVI-like (TopoVIL), a complex essential for generating DNA breaks that initiate homologous recombination during meiosis. TopoVIL is essential for sexual reproduction. How the TopoVI subunits have evolved to ensure this meiotic function is unclear. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic conservation of TopoVI and TopoVIL. We demonstrate that BIN4 and RHL1, potentially interacting with TopoVIB, have co-evolved with TopoVI. Based on model structures, this observation supports the hypothesis for a role of TopoVI in decatenation of replicated chromatids and predicts that in eukaryotes the TopoVI catalytic complex includes BIN4 and RHL1. For TopoVIL, the phylogenetic analysis of Spo11, which is highly conserved among Eukarya, highlighted a eukaryal-specific N-terminal domain that may be important for its regulation. Conversely, TopoVIBL was poorly conserved, giving rise to ATP hydrolysis-mutated or -truncated protein variants, or was undetected in some species. This remarkable plasticity of TopoVIBL provides important information for the activity and function of TopoVIL during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brinkmeier
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34396, France
| | - Susana Coelho
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34396, France
| | - Henri-Marc Bourbon
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31400, France
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16
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Kazi S, Castañeda JM, Savolainen A, Xu Y, Liu N, Qiao H, Ramirez‐Solis R, Nozawa K, Yu Z, Matzuk MM, Prunskaite‐Hyyryläinen R. MRNIP interacts with sex body chromatin to support meiotic progression, spermatogenesis, and male fertility in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22479. [PMID: 35920200 PMCID: PMC9544956 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101168rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis has a principal role in sexual reproduction to generate haploid gametes in both sexes. During meiosis, the cell nucleus hosts a dynamic environment where some genes are transcriptionally activated, and some are inactivated at the same time. This becomes possible through subnuclear compartmentalization. The sex body, sequestering X and Y chromosomes during male meiosis and creating an environment for the meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) is one of the best known and studied subnuclear compartments. Herein, we show that MRNIP forms droplet-like accumulations that fuse together to create a distinct subnuclear compartment that partially overlaps with the sex body chromatin during diplotene. We demonstrate that Mrnip-/- spermatocytes have impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, they display reduced sex body formation and defective MSCI. We show that Mrnip-/- undergoes critical meiocyte loss at the diplotene stage. Furthermore, we determine that DNA DSBs (induced by SPO11) and synapsis initiation (facilitated by SYCP1) precede Mrnip expression in testes. Altogether, our findings indicate that in addition to an emerging role in DNA DSB repair, MRNIP has an essential function in spermatogenesis during meiosis I by forming drop-like accumulations interacting with the sex body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Kazi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Audrey Savolainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Yiding Xu
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Kaori Nozawa
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for Drug DiscoveryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Center for Drug DiscoveryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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17
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Godschalk RWL, Janssen MCM, Vanhees K, van Doorn-Khosrovani SBVW, van Schooten FJ. Maternal exposure to genistein during pregnancy and oxidative DNA damage in testes of male mouse offspring. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904368. [PMID: 35923192 PMCID: PMC9340160 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genistein is a dietary supplement with phyto-estrogenic properties. Therefore, high intake of genistein during pregnancy may have adverse effects on the genetic integrity of testes and germ cells of male offspring. In this study, we examined whether maternal exposure to genistein during pregnancy induced oxidative DNA damage in the male germline at adolescence. Methods Atm-ΔSRI mice have lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, which is important for maintaining levels of reduced glutathione and therefore these mice have an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Parental heterozygous Atm-ΔSRI mice received a genistein-rich or control diet, after which they were mated to obtain offspring. During pregnancy, mothers remained on the respective diets and after delivery all animals received control diets. Redox status and oxidative DNA damage were assessed in testes and sperm of 12 weeks old male offspring. Gene expression of Cyp1b1, Comt, and Nqo1 was assessed in testes, and DNA methylation as possible mechanism for transmission of effects to later life. Results Intake of genistein during pregnancy increased oxidative DNA damage in testes of offspring, especially in heterozygous Atm-ΔSRI mice. These increased DNA damage levels coincided with decreased expression of Comt and Nqo1. Heterozygous Atm-ΔSRI mice had higher levels of DNA strand breaks in sperm compared to wild type littermates, and DNA damage was further enhanced by a genistein-rich maternal diet. G6PDH activity was higher in mice with high maternal intake of genistein compared to control diets, suggesting compensation against oxidative stress. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of DNA methylation and oxidative DNA damage in testes. Conclusion These data indicate that prenatal exposure to genistein altered gene expression and increased DNA damage in testes and sperm of adolescent male offspring. These effects of genistein on DNA damage in later life coincided with alterations in DNA methylation.
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18
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Guo H, Stamper EL, Sato-Carlton A, Shimazoe MA, Li X, Zhang L, Stevens L, Tam KCJ, Dernburg AF, Carlton PM. Phosphoregulation of DSB-1 mediates control of meiotic double-strand break activity. eLife 2022; 11:77956. [PMID: 35758641 PMCID: PMC9278955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first meiotic cell division, proper segregation of chromosomes in most organisms depends on chiasmata, exchanges of continuity between homologous chromosomes that originate from the repair of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) catalyzed by the Spo11 endonuclease. Since DSBs can lead to irreparable damage in germ cells, while chromosomes lacking DSBs also lack chiasmata, the number of DSBs must be carefully regulated to be neither too high nor too low. Here, we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, meiotic DSB levels are controlled by the phosphoregulation of DSB-1, a homolog of the yeast Spo11 cofactor Rec114, by the opposing activities of PP4PPH-4.1 phosphatase and ATRATL-1 kinase. Increased DSB-1 phosphorylation in pph-4.1 mutants correlates with reduction in DSB formation, while prevention of DSB-1 phosphorylation drastically increases the number of meiotic DSBs both in pph-4.1 mutants and in the wild-type background. C. elegans and its close relatives also possess a diverged paralog of DSB-1, called DSB-2, and loss of dsb-2 is known to reduce DSB formation in oocytes with increasing age. We show that the proportion of the phosphorylated, and thus inactivated, form of DSB-1 increases with age and upon loss of DSB-2, while non-phosphorylatable DSB-1 rescues the age-dependent decrease in DSBs in dsb-2 mutants. These results suggest that DSB-2 evolved in part to compensate for the inactivation of DSB-1 through phosphorylation, to maintain levels of DSBs in older animals. Our work shows that PP4PPH-4.1, ATRATL-1, and DSB-2 act in concert with DSB-1 to promote optimal DSB levels throughout the reproductive lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Guo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ericca L Stamper
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, United States.,Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Aya Sato-Carlton
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masa A Shimazoe
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xuan Li
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, United States.,Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Lewis Stevens
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K C Jacky Tam
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Abby F Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, United States.,Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States
| | - Peter M Carlton
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.,Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Guan Y, Lin H, Leu NA, Ruthel G, Fuchs SY, Busino L, Luo M, Wang PJ. SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase regulates DNA double-strand breaks in early meiotic recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5129-5144. [PMID: 35489071 PMCID: PMC9122608 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSB) is critical for germline genome integrity and homologous recombination. Here we demonstrate an essential role for SKP1, a constitutive subunit of the SCF (SKP1-Cullin-F-box) ubiquitin E3 ligase, in early meiotic processes. SKP1 restrains accumulation of HORMAD1 and the pre-DSB complex (IHO1-REC114-MEI4) on the chromosome axis in meiotic germ cells. Loss of SKP1 prior to meiosis leads to aberrant localization of DSB repair proteins and a failure in synapsis initiation in meiosis of both males and females. Furthermore, SKP1 is crucial for sister chromatid cohesion during the pre-meiotic S-phase. Mechanistically, FBXO47, a meiosis-specific F-box protein, interacts with SKP1 and HORMAD1 and targets HORMAD1 for polyubiquitination and degradation in HEK293T cells. Our results support a model wherein the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase prevents hyperactive DSB formation through proteasome-mediated degradation of HORMAD1 and subsequent modulation of the pre-DSB complex during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Guan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huijuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Qin J, Huang T, Wang J, Xu L, Dang Q, Xu X, Liu H, Liu Z, Shao C, Zhang X. RAD51 is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:118. [PMID: 35292640 PMCID: PMC8924220 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombinase RAD51 catalyzes the DNA strand exchange reaction in homologous recombination (HR) during both mitosis and meiosis. However, the physiological role of RAD51 during spermatogenesis remains unclear since RAD51 null mutation is embryonic lethal in mice. In this study, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model to study the role of RAD51 in spermatogenesis. Conditional disruption of RAD51 in germ cells by Vasa-Cre led to spermatogonial loss and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Furthermore, tamoxifen-inducible RAD51 knockout by UBC-CreERT2 confirmed that RAD51 deletion led to early spermatogenic cells loss and apoptosis. Notably, inducible knockout of RAD51 in adult mice caused defects in meiosis, with accumulated meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), reduced numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and less crossover formation. Our study revealed an essential role for Rad51 in the maintenance of spermatogonia as well as meiotic progression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianli Dang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuhua Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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21
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Fu H, Zhao J, Ren Z, Yang K, Wang C, Zhang X, Elesawi IE, Zhang X, Xia J, Chen C, Lu P, Chen Y, Liu H, Yu G, Liu B. Interfered chromosome pairing at high temperature promotes meiotic instability in autotetraploid Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1210-1228. [PMID: 34927688 PMCID: PMC8825311 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature affect multiple meiotic processes in flowering plants. Polyploid plants derived from whole-genome duplication (WGD) have enhanced genetic plasticity and tolerance to environmental stress but face challenges in organizing and segregating doubled chromosome sets. In this study, we investigated the impact of increased environmental temperature on male meiosis in autotetraploid Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Under low to mildly increased temperatures (5°C-28°C), irregular chromosome segregation universally occurred in synthetic autotetraploid Columbia-0 (Col-0). Similar meiotic lesions occurred in autotetraploid rice (Oryza sativa L.) and allotetraploid canola (Brassica napus cv Westar), but not in evolutionarily derived hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). At extremely high temperatures, chromosome separation and tetrad formation became severely disordered due to univalent formation caused by the suppression of crossing-over. We found a strong correlation between tetravalent formation and successful chromosome pairing, both of which were negatively correlated with temperature elevation, suggesting that increased temperature interferes with crossing-over predominantly by impacting homolog pairing. We also showed that loading irregularities of axis proteins ASY1 and ASY4 co-localize on the chromosomes of the syn1 mutant and the heat-stressed diploid and autotetraploid Col-0, revealing that heat stress affects the lateral region of synaptonemal complex (SC) by impacting the stability of the chromosome axis. Moreover, we showed that chromosome axis and SC in autotetraploid Col-0 are more sensitive to increased temperature than those in diploid Arabidopsis. Taken together, our data provide evidence suggesting that WGD negatively affects the stability and thermal tolerance of meiotic recombination in newly synthetic autotetraploid Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziming Ren
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ibrahim Eid Elesawi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Author for communication:
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22
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De Jaeger-Braet J, Krause L, Buchholz A, Schnittger A. Heat stress reveals a specialized variant of the pachytene checkpoint in meiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:433-454. [PMID: 34718750 PMCID: PMC8846176 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and fertility strongly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature. Remarkably, temperature also influences meiotic recombination and thus, the current climate change will affect the genetic make-up of plants. To better understand the effects of temperature on meiosis, we followed male meiocytes in Arabidopsis thaliana by live cell imaging under three temperature regimes: at 21°C; at heat shock conditions of 30°C and 34°C; after an acclimatization phase of 1 week at 30°C. This work led to a cytological framework of meiotic progression at elevated temperature. We determined that an increase from 21°C to 30°C speeds up meiosis with specific phases being more amenable to heat than others. An acclimatization phase often moderated this effect. A sudden increase to 34°C promoted a faster progression of early prophase compared to 21°C. However, the phase in which cross-overs mature was prolonged at 34°C. Since mutants involved in the recombination pathway largely did not show the extension of this phase at 34°C, we conclude that the delay is recombination-dependent. Further analysis also revealed the involvement of the ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED kinase in this prolongation, indicating the existence of a pachytene checkpoint in plants, yet in a specialized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke De Jaeger-Braet
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Buchholz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Xie C, Wang W, Tu C, Meng L, Lu G, Lin G, Lu LY, Tan YQ. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:763-797. [PMID: 35613017 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Xie
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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24
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Levi H, Bar E, Cohen-Adiv S, Sweitat S, Kanner S, Galron R, Mitiagin Y, Barzilai A. Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia-telangiectasia. Glia 2021; 70:536-557. [PMID: 34854502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin-resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A-T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm-/- mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm-deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Cohen-Adiv
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzan Sweitat
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Kanner
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Galron
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Mitiagin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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25
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Lukaszewicz A, Lange J, Keeney S, Jasin M. De novo deletions and duplications at recombination hotspots in mouse germlines. Cell 2021; 184:5970-5984.e18. [PMID: 34793701 PMCID: PMC8616837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) arise during meiosis to initiate homologous recombination. These DSBs are usually repaired faithfully, but here, we uncover a distinct type of mutational event in which deletions form via joining of ends from two closely spaced DSBs (double cuts) within a single hotspot or at adjacent hotspots on the same or different chromatids. Deletions occur in normal meiosis but are much more frequent when DSB formation is dysregulated in the absence of the ATM kinase. Events between chromosome homologs point to multi-chromatid damage and aborted gap repair. Some deletions contain DNA from other hotspots, indicating that double cutting at distant sites creates substrates for insertional mutagenesis. End joining at double cuts can also yield tandem duplications or extrachromosomal circles. Our findings highlight the importance of DSB regulation and reveal a previously hidden potential for meiotic mutagenesis that is likely to affect human health and genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lukaszewicz
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julian Lange
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The specialized two-stage meiotic cell division program halves a cell's chromosome complement in preparation for sexual reproduction. This reduction in ploidy requires that in meiotic prophase, each pair of homologous chromosomes (homologs) identify one another and form physical links through DNA recombination. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the complex morphological changes that chromosomes undergo during meiotic prophase to promote homolog identification and crossing over. We focus on the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family cohesin complexes and the meiotic chromosome axis, which together organize chromosomes and promote recombination. We then discuss the architecture and dynamics of the conserved synaptonemal complex (SC), which assembles between homologs and mediates local and global feedback to ensure high fidelity in meiotic recombination. Finally, we discuss exciting new advances, including mechanisms for boosting recombination on particular chromosomes or chromosomal domains and the implications of a new liquid crystal model for SC assembly and structure. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 55 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Ur
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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27
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Xu Y, Qiao H. A Hypothesis: Linking Phase Separation to Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation and Sex-Body Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674203. [PMID: 34485277 PMCID: PMC8415632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase I, X and Y chromosomes in mammalian spermatocytes only stably pair at a small homologous region called the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). However, the rest of the sex chromosomes remain largely unsynapsed. The extensive asynapsis triggers transcriptional silencing - meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Along with MSCI, a special nuclear territory, sex body or XY body, forms. In the early steps of MSCI, DNA damage response (DDR) factors, such as BRCA1, ATR, and γH2AX, function as sensors and effectors of the silencing signals. Downstream canonical repressive histone modifications, including methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are responsible for the transcriptional repression of the sex chromosomes. Nevertheless, mechanisms of the sex-body formation remain unclear. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) may drive the formation of several chromatin subcompartments, such as pericentric heterochromatin, nucleoli, inactive X chromosomes. Although several proteins involved in phase separation are found in the sex bodies, when and whether these proteins exert functions in the sex-body formation and MSCI is still unknown. Here, we reviewed recent publications on the mechanisms of MSCI and LLPS, pointed out the potential link between LLPS and the formation of sex bodies, and discussed its implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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28
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A microfluidic sperm-sorting device reduces the proportion of sperm with double-stranded DNA fragmentation. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:200-205. [PMID: 34313213 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sperm DNA fragmentation can be produced in one (ssSDF) or both (dsSDF) DNA strands, linked to difficulties in naturally achieving a pregnancy and recurrent miscarriages, respectively. The techniques more frequently used to select sperm require centrifugation, which may induce sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). The objective of this study was to assess whether the microfluidic-based device FertileChip® (now ZyMot®ICSI) can diminish the proportion of sperm with dsSDF. First, in a blinded split pilot study, the semen of nine patients diagnosed with ≥60% dsSDF, was divided into three aliquots: not processed, processed with FertileChip®, and processed with swim up. The three aliquots were all analyzed using neutral COMET for the detection of dsSDF, resulting in a reduction of 46% (P < 0.001) with FertileChip® (dsSDF: 34.9%) compared with the ejaculate and the swim up (dsSDF: 65%). Thereafter, the FertileChip® was introduced into clinical practice and a cohort of 163 consecutive ICSI cycles of patients diagnosed with ≥60% dsSDF was analyzed. Fertilization rate was 75.41%. Pregnancy rates after the first embryo transfer were 53.2% (biochemical), 37.8% (clinical), 34% (ongoing) and the live birth rate was 28.8%. Cumulative pregnancy rates after one (65.4% of patients), two (27.6% of patients) or three (6.4% of patients) transfers were 66% (biochemical), 56.4% (clinical), 53.4% (ongoing) and the live birth rate was 42%. The selection of spermatozoa using Fertile Chip® significantly diminishes the percentage of dsSDF, compared with either the fresh ejaculate or after swim up. Its applicability in ICSI cycles of patients with high dsSDF resulted in good laboratory and clinical outcomes.
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29
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 Is Essential for the Meiosis of Male Germ Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157951. [PMID: 34360715 PMCID: PMC8348183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is a major enzyme responsible for the formation of methylarginine in mammalian cells; however, its function in vivo is not well understood due to its early embryonic lethality in null mice exhibiting spontaneous DNA damage, cell cycle delays, and defects in check point activation. Here, we generated germ cell-specific Prmt1 knock-out (KO) mice to evaluate the function of PRMT1 in spermatogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that PRMT1 is vital for male fertility in mice. Spermatogenesis in Prmt1 KO mice was arrested at the zygotene-like stage of the first meiotic division due to an elevated number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). There was a loss of methylation in meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11), the key endonuclease in MRE11/RAD50/NBS 1 (MRN) complex, resulting in the accumulation of SPO11 protein in DSBs. The ATM-mediated negative feedback control over SPO11 was lost and, consequently, the repair pathway of DSBs was highly affected in PRMT1 deficient male germ cells. Our findings provide a novel insight into the role of PRMT1-mediated asymmetric demethylation in mouse spermatogenesis.
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30
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Kurzbauer MT, Janisiw MP, Paulin LF, Prusén Mota I, Tomanov K, Krsicka O, von Haeseler A, Schubert V, Schlögelhofer P. ATM controls meiotic DNA double-strand break formation and recombination and affects synaptonemal complex organization in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1633-1656. [PMID: 33659989 PMCID: PMC8254504 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that gives rise to genetically distinct gametic cells. Meiosis relies on the tightly controlled formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair via homologous recombination for correct chromosome segregation. Like all forms of DNA damage, meiotic DSBs are potentially harmful and their formation activates an elaborate response to inhibit excessive DNA break formation and ensure successful repair. Previous studies established the protein kinase ATM as a DSB sensor and meiotic regulator in several organisms. Here we show that Arabidopsis ATM acts at multiple steps during DSB formation and processing, as well as crossover (CO) formation and synaptonemal complex (SC) organization, all vital for the successful completion of meiosis. We developed a single-molecule approach to quantify meiotic breaks and determined that ATM is essential to limit the number of meiotic DSBs. Local and genome-wide recombination screens showed that ATM restricts the number of interference-insensitive COs, while super-resolution STED nanoscopy of meiotic chromosomes revealed that the kinase affects chromatin loop size and SC length and width. Our study extends our understanding of how ATM functions during plant meiosis and establishes it as an integral factor of the meiotic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Kurzbauer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Peter Janisiw
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis F Paulin
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ignacio Prusén Mota
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin Tomanov
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ondrej Krsicka
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arndt von Haeseler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Peter Schlögelhofer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Bergero R, Ellis P, Haerty W, Larcombe L, Macaulay I, Mehta T, Mogensen M, Murray D, Nash W, Neale MJ, O'Connor R, Ottolini C, Peel N, Ramsey L, Skinner B, Suh A, Summers M, Sun Y, Tidy A, Rahbari R, Rathje C, Immler S. Meiosis and beyond - understanding the mechanistic and evolutionary processes shaping the germline genome. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:822-841. [PMID: 33615674 PMCID: PMC8246768 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The separation of germ cell populations from the soma is part of the evolutionary transition to multicellularity. Only genetic information present in the germ cells will be inherited by future generations, and any molecular processes affecting the germline genome are therefore likely to be passed on. Despite its prevalence across taxonomic kingdoms, we are only starting to understand details of the underlying micro-evolutionary processes occurring at the germline genome level. These include segregation, recombination, mutation and selection and can occur at any stage during germline differentiation and mitotic germline proliferation to meiosis and post-meiotic gamete maturation. Selection acting on germ cells at any stage from the diploid germ cell to the haploid gametes may cause significant deviations from Mendelian inheritance and may be more widespread than previously assumed. The mechanisms that affect and potentially alter the genomic sequence and allele frequencies in the germline are pivotal to our understanding of heritability. With the rise of new sequencing technologies, we are now able to address some of these unanswered questions. In this review, we comment on the most recent developments in this field and identify current gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bergero
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3JTU.K.
| | - Peter Ellis
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | | | - Lee Larcombe
- Applied Exomics LtdStevenage Bioscience CatalystStevenageSG1 2FXU.K.
| | - Iain Macaulay
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Tarang Mehta
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Mette Mogensen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - David Murray
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
| | - Will Nash
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Matthew J. Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonBN1 9RHU.K.
| | | | | | - Ned Peel
- Earlham InstituteNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7UZU.K.
| | - Luke Ramsey
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD2 5DAU.K.
| | - Ben Skinner
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterCO4 3SQU.K.
| | - Alexander Suh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
- Department of Organismal BiologyUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DUppsala752 36Sweden
| | - Michael Summers
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
- The Bridge Centre1 St Thomas Street, London BridgeLondonSE1 9RYU.K.
| | - Yu Sun
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, Colney LnNorwichNR4 7UGU.K.
| | - Alison Tidy
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham, Plant Science, Sutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDU.K.
| | | | - Claudia Rathje
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NJU.K.
| | - Simone Immler
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJU.K.
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32
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Johnson D, Crawford M, Cooper T, Claeys Bouuaert C, Keeney S, Llorente B, Garcia V, Neale MJ. Concerted cutting by Spo11 illuminates meiotic DNA break mechanics. Nature 2021; 594:572-576. [PMID: 34108687 PMCID: PMC7611867 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic recombination arises during meiosis through the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are created by Spo11, a topoisomerase-like protein1,2. Spo11 DSBs form preferentially in nucleosome-depleted regions termed hotspots3,4, yet how Spo11 engages with its DNA substrate to catalyse DNA cleavage is poorly understood. Although most recombination events are initiated by a single Spo11 cut, here we show in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that hyperlocalized, concerted Spo11 DSBs separated by 33 to more than 100 base pairs also form, which we term 'double cuts'. Notably, the lengths of double cuts vary with a periodicity of 10.5 base pairs, which is conserved in yeast and mice. This finding suggests a model in which the orientation of adjacent Spo11 molecules is fixed relative to the DNA helix-a proposal supported by the in vitro DNA-binding properties of the Spo11 core complex. Deep sequencing of meiotic progeny identifies recombination scars that are consistent with repair initiated from gaps generated by adjacent Spo11 DSBs. Collectively, these results revise our present understanding of the mechanics of Spo11-DSB formation and expand on the original concepts of gap repair during meiosis to include DNA gaps that are generated by Spo11 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Johnson
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Margaret Crawford
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Tim Cooper
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Corentin Claeys Bouuaert
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Scott Keeney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertrand Llorente
- Cancer Research Centre of Marseille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Valerie Garcia
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Cancer Research Centre of Marseille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Matthew J Neale
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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Abstract
The formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes is key to sexual reproduction. In most species, crossovers are spaced further apart than would be expected if they formed independently, a phenomenon termed crossover interference. Despite more than a century of study, the molecular mechanisms implementing crossover interference remain a subject of active debate. Recent findings of how signaling proteins control the formation of crossovers and about the interchromosomal interface in which crossovers form offer new insights into this process. In this Review, we present a cell biological and biophysical perspective on crossover interference, summarizing the evidence that links interference to the spatial, dynamic, mechanical and molecular properties of meiotic chromosomes. We synthesize this physical understanding in the context of prevailing mechanistic models that aim to explain how crossover interference is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexy von Diezmann
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ofer Rog
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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34
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Wang X, Pepling ME. Regulation of Meiotic Prophase One in Mammalian Oocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667306. [PMID: 34095134 PMCID: PMC8172968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, meiotic prophase one begins during fetal development. Oocytes transition through the prophase one substages consisting of leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene, and are finally arrested at the diplotene substage, for months in mice and years in humans. After puberty, luteinizing hormone induces ovulation and meiotic resumption in a cohort of oocytes, driving the progression from meiotic prophase one to metaphase two. If fertilization occurs, the oocyte completes meiosis two followed by fusion with the sperm nucleus and preparation for zygotic divisions; otherwise, it is passed into the uterus and degenerates. Specifically in the mouse, oocytes enter meiosis at 13.5 days post coitum. As meiotic prophase one proceeds, chromosomes find their homologous partner, synapse, exchange genetic material between homologs and then begin to separate, remaining connected at recombination sites. At postnatal day 5, most of the oocytes have reached the late diplotene (or dictyate) substage of prophase one where they remain arrested until ovulation. This review focuses on events and mechanisms controlling the progression through meiotic prophase one, which include recombination, synapsis and control by signaling pathways. These events are prerequisites for proper chromosome segregation in meiotic divisions; and if they go awry, chromosomes mis-segregate resulting in aneuploidy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms regulating meiotic progression is important to provide a foundation for developing improved treatments of female infertility.
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35
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Kar FM, Hochwagen A. Phospho-Regulation of Meiotic Prophase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667073. [PMID: 33928091 PMCID: PMC8076904 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells undergoing meiosis rely on an intricate network of surveillance mechanisms that govern the production of euploid gametes for successful sexual reproduction. These surveillance mechanisms are particularly crucial during meiotic prophase, when cells execute a highly orchestrated program of chromosome morphogenesis and recombination, which must be integrated with the meiotic cell division machinery to ensure the safe execution of meiosis. Dynamic protein phosphorylation, controlled by kinases and phosphatases, has emerged as one of the main signaling routes for providing readout and regulation of chromosomal and cellular behavior throughout meiotic prophase. In this review, we discuss common principles and provide detailed examples of how these phosphorylation events are employed to ensure faithful passage of chromosomes from one generation to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda M Kar
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Hochwagen
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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36
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Nageswaran DC, Kim J, Lambing C, Kim J, Park J, Kim EJ, Cho HS, Kim H, Byun D, Park YM, Kuo P, Lee S, Tock AJ, Zhao X, Hwang I, Choi K, Henderson IR. HIGH CROSSOVER RATE1 encodes PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE X1 and restricts meiotic crossovers in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:452-467. [PMID: 33846593 PMCID: PMC7610654 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers are tightly restricted in most eukaryotes, despite an excess of initiating DNA double-strand breaks. The majority of plant crossovers are dependent on class I interfering repair, with a minority formed via the class II pathway. Class II repair is limited by anti-recombination pathways; however, similar pathways repressing class I crossovers have not been identified. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis using fluorescent crossover reporters to identify mutants with increased or decreased recombination frequency. We identified HIGH CROSSOVER RATE1 (HCR1) as repressing crossovers and encoding PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE X1. Genome-wide analysis showed that hcr1 crossovers are increased in the distal chromosome arms. MLH1 foci significantly increase in hcr1 and crossover interference decreases, demonstrating an effect on class I repair. Consistently, yeast two-hybrid and in planta assays show interaction between HCR1 and class I proteins, including HEI10, PTD, MSH5 and MLH1. We propose that HCR1 plays a major role in opposition to pro-recombination kinases to restrict crossovers in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seob Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohwan Byun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallas Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seungchul Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Tock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuha Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Dereli I, Stanzione M, Olmeda F, Papanikos F, Baumann M, Demir S, Carofiglio F, Lange J, de Massy B, Baarends WM, Turner J, Rulands S, Tóth A. Four-pronged negative feedback of DSB machinery in meiotic DNA-break control in mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2609-2628. [PMID: 33619545 PMCID: PMC7969012 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most taxa, halving of chromosome numbers during meiosis requires that homologous chromosomes (homologues) pair and form crossovers. Crossovers emerge from the recombination-mediated repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs are generated by SPO11, whose activity requires auxiliary protein complexes, called pre-DSB recombinosomes. To elucidate the spatiotemporal control of the DSB machinery, we focused on an essential SPO11 auxiliary protein, IHO1, which serves as the main anchor for pre-DSB recombinosomes on chromosome cores, called axes. We discovered that DSBs restrict the DSB machinery by at least four distinct pathways in mice. Firstly, by activating the DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ATM, DSBs restrict pre-DSB recombinosome numbers without affecting IHO1. Secondly, in their vicinity, DSBs trigger IHO1 depletion mainly by another DDR kinase, ATR. Thirdly, DSBs enable homologue synapsis, which promotes the depletion of IHO1 and pre-DSB recombinosomes from synapsed axes. Finally, DSBs and three DDR kinases, ATM, ATR and PRKDC, enable stage-specific depletion of IHO1 from all axes. We hypothesize that these four negative feedback pathways protect genome integrity by ensuring that DSBs form without excess, are well-distributed, and are restricted to genomic locations and prophase stages where DSBs are functional for promoting homologue pairing and crossover formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Dereli
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcello Stanzione
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Olmeda
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frantzeskos Papanikos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marek Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sevgican Demir
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Lange
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Steffen Rulands
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Pfotenhauer Strasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine at the TU Dresden, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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38
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Sperm selection during ICSI treatments reduces single- but not double-strand DNA break values compared to the semen sample. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:1187-1196. [PMID: 33660206 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect a possible bias in sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing when performed on semen samples or on those few spermatozoa selected for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatments. METHODS A multimethodological analysis of Single- and Double-Strand DNA Breaks (SSB and DSB, respectively) was performed through the Neutral Comet, the Alkaline Comet, the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) and the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) assays. SDF was evaluated in (i) semen samples from 23 infertile patients (not achieving pregnancy or suffering recurrent miscarriage); (ii) samples after a Swim-up and (iii) spermatozoa microselected for ICSI (ICSI-S). RESULTS The analysis of 3217 ICSI-S revealed a significant reduction of SSB values compared to the Ejaculate and the Swim-up samples. On the contrary, DSB values were not reduced after any sperm selection method. The No-pregnancy group presented poorer semen parameters and higher SSB values. The Recurrent miscarriage group presented better semen parameters but also higher DSB values. CONCLUSION The analysis of SDF on semen samples may not be fully representative of those few spermatozoa selected for ICSI. Since oxidative stress impairs sperm motility and causes SSB, selecting a motile sperm may intrinsically imply choosing a sperm not affected by this damage. DSB have an enzymatic origin which does not affect motility, making it difficult to select a sperm without this damage. Therefore, ICSI treatments could be effective in patients presenting high SSB values. Patients presenting high DSB values should expect bad ICSI results if this damage is not reduced through other specific methods.
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39
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Yadav VK, Claeys Bouuaert C. Mechanism and Control of Meiotic DNA Double-Strand Break Formation in S. cerevisiae. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642737. [PMID: 33748134 PMCID: PMC7968521 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmentally programmed formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by Spo11 initiates a recombination mechanism that promotes synapsis and the subsequent segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Although DSBs are induced to high levels in meiosis, their formation and repair are tightly regulated to minimize potentially dangerous consequences for genomic integrity. In S. cerevisiae, nine proteins participate with Spo11 in DSB formation, but their molecular functions have been challenging to define. Here, we describe our current view of the mechanism of meiotic DSB formation based on recent advances in the characterization of the structure and function of DSB proteins and discuss regulatory pathways in the light of recent models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corentin Claeys Bouuaert
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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40
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Ribas-Maynou J, Yeste M, Becerra-Tomás N, Aston KI, James ER, Salas-Huetos A. Clinical implications of sperm DNA damage in IVF and ICSI: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1284-1300. [PMID: 33644978 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical effect of sperm DNA damage in assisted reproduction has been a controversial topic during recent decades, leading to a variety of clinical practice recommendations. While the latest European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) position report concluded that DNA damage negatively affects assisted reproduction outcomes, the Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) does not recommend the routine testing of DNA damage for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Herein, our aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating whether sperm DNA damage affects clinical outcomes in IVF and ICSI, in order to contribute objectively to a consistent clinical recommendation. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines from the earliest available online indexing year until March 2020, using the MEDLINE-PubMed and EMBASE databases. We included studies analysing IVF and/or ICSI treatments performed in infertile couples in which sperm DNA damage was well defined and assessed. Studies also had to include information about pregnancy, implantation or live birth rates as primary outcomes. The NHLBI-NIH quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of each study. Meta-analyses were conducted using the Mantel-Haenszel method with random-effects models to evaluate the Risk Ratio (RR) between high-DNA-damage and control groups, taking into account the 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic. We also conducted sensitivity analyses and post-hoc subgroup analyses according to different DNA fragmentation assessment techniques. We identified 78 articles that met our inclusion and quality criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, representing a total of 25639 IVF/ICSI cycles. Of these, 32 articles had sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis, comprising 12380 IVF/ICSI cycles. Meta-analysis revealed that, considering IVF and ICSI results together, implantation rate (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.61-0.91; I2 = 69) and pregnancy rate (RR = 0.83; 0.73-0.94; I2 = 58) are negatively influenced by sperm DNA damage, although after adjustment for publication bias the relationship for pregnancy rate was no longer significant. The results showed a non-significant but detrimental tendency (RR = 0.78; 0.58-1.06; I2 = 72) on live birth rate. Meta-analysis also showed that IVF outcomes are negatively influenced by sperm DNA damage, with a statistically significant impact on implantation (RR = 0.68; 0.52-0.89; I2 = 50) and pregnancy rates (RR = 0.72; 0.55-0.95; I2 = 72), although the latter was no longer significant after correction for publication bias. While it did not quite meet our threshold for significance, a negative trend was also observed for live birth rate (RR = 0.48; 0.22-1.02; I2 = 79). In the case of ICSI, non-significant trends were observed for implantation (RR = 0.79; 0.60-1.04; I2 = 72) or pregnancy rates (RR = 0.89; 0.78-1.02; I2 = 44), and live birth rate (RR = 0.92; 0.67-1.27; I2 = 70). The current review provides the largest evidence to date supporting a negative association between sperm DNA damage and conventional IVF treatments, significantly reducing implantation and pregnancy rates. The routine use of sperm DNA testing is therefore justified, since it may help improve the outcomes of IVF treatments and/or allow a given couple to be advised on the most suitable treatment. Further well-designed controlled studies on a larger number of patients are required to allow us to reach more precise conclusions, especially in the case of ICSI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Jaume Casadamont Building, Door E, 15 Pic de Peguera St, Girona, ES-17003, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Sciences Building, 69 Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Girona, ES-17003, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Jaume Casadamont Building, Door E, 15 Pic de Peguera St, Girona, ES-17003, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Sciences Building, 69 Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Girona, ES-17003, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, St/Sant Llorenç, 21, Reus, ES-43201, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, ES-46010, Spain
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, 675 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, US-84108, U.S.A
| | - Emma R James
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, 675 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, US-84108, U.S.A.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT, US-84112, U.S.A
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, 675 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, US-84108, U.S.A
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41
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Linn E, Ghanem L, Bhakta H, Greer C, Avella M. Genes Regulating Spermatogenesis and Sperm Function Associated With Rare Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634536. [PMID: 33665191 PMCID: PMC7921155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a cell differentiation process that ensures the production of fertilizing sperm, which ultimately fuse with an egg to form a zygote. Normal spermatogenesis relies on Sertoli cells, which preserve cell junctions while providing nutrients for mitosis and meiosis of male germ cells. Several genes regulate normal spermatogenesis, some of which are not exclusively expressed in the testis and control multiple physiological processes in an organism. Loss-of-function mutations in some of these genes result in spermatogenesis and sperm functionality defects, potentially leading to the insurgence of rare genetic disorders. To identify genetic intersections between spermatogenesis and rare diseases, we screened public archives of human genetic conditions available on the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Clinical Variant (ClinVar), and after an extensive literature search, we identified 22 distinct genes associated with 21 rare genetic conditions and defective spermatogenesis or sperm function. These protein-coding genes regulate Sertoli cell development and function during spermatogenesis, checkpoint signaling pathways at meiosis, cellular organization and shape definition during spermiogenesis, sperm motility, and capacitation at fertilization. A number of these genes regulate folliculogenesis and oogenesis as well. For each gene, we review the genotype–phenotype association together with associative or causative polymorphisms in humans, and provide a description of the shared molecular mechanisms that regulate gametogenesis and fertilization obtained in transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Linn
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Lillian Ghanem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Hanisha Bhakta
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Cory Greer
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Matteo Avella
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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42
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Milanovic M, Shao Z, Estes VM, Wang XS, Menolfi D, Lin X, Lee BJ, Xu J, Cupo OM, Wang D, Zha S. FATC Domain Deletion Compromises ATM Protein Stability, Blocks Lymphocyte Development, and Promotes Lymphomagenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1228-1239. [PMID: 33536256 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response, and loss of ATM leads to primary immunodeficiency and greatly increased risk for lymphoid malignancies. The FATC domain is conserved in phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs). Truncation mutation in the FATC domain (R3047X) selectively compromised reactive oxygen species-induced ATM activation in cell-free assays. In this article, we show that in mouse models, knock-in ATM-R3057X mutation (Atm RX , corresponding to R3047X in human ATM) severely compromises ATM protein stability and causes T cell developmental defects, B cell Ig class-switch recombination defects, and infertility resembling ATM-null. The residual ATM-R3057X protein retains minimal yet functional measurable DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation and significantly delays lymphomagenesis in Atm RX/RX mice compared with Atm -/- . Together, these results support a physiological role of the FATC domain in ATM protein stability and show that the presence of minimal residual ATM-R3057X protein can prevent growth retardation and delay tumorigenesis without restoring lymphocyte development and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milanovic
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Zhengping Shao
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Verna M Estes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Xiaobin S Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Demis Menolfi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Brian J Lee
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jun Xu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Olivia M Cupo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Dong Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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43
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Ge P, Zhang X, Yang YQ, Lv MQ, Zhou DX. Long-term exposure to formaldehyde induced down-regulation of SPO11 in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 33:8-17. [PMID: 33322957 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1859652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Formaldehyde, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, has long been suspected of causing male reproductive injury, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. SPO11 is a meiosis-related gene, whose absence can cause spermatogenesis arrest. Materials and methods: The present study aimed to explore the role of SPO11 in male reproductive injury induced by long-term formaldehyde exposure, so as to further understand the molecular mechanism of formaldehyde-induced male reproductive toxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24, 245 ± 22 g) were randomly divided into four groups of six (n = 6) and were exposed to formaldehyde gas at doses of 0 (control), 0.5, 2.46 and 5 mg/m3, respectively, via inhalation for 8 consecutive weeks. Results and dissussion: The expression levels of SPO11 were detected in testicular tissues by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. The results indicated that the expression of SPO11 was inhibited by formaldehyde exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the histopathological results showed that testicular seminiferous tubules were atrophied, spermatogenic cells were decreased and the lumina were oligozoospermic in the 2.46 and 5 mg/m3 formaldehyde exposure groups. Combined with the morphometric results, we found that the downregulated expression levels of SPO11 were consistent with the changes of testicular seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium height in testicular tissue, suggesting that SPO11 might be one of the main targets of formaldehyde reproductive toxicity. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings indicated that SPO11 might be related to male reproductive injuries induced by long-term formaldehyde exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ge
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Qi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mo-Qi Lv
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dang-Xia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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44
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Abstract
This Outlook discusses findings by Yamada et al. that provide some of the first genome-wide insights into double-strand break resection and repair in a mammalian genome. The exchange of genetic information between parental chromosomes in meiosis is an integral process for the creation of gametes. To generate a crossover, hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are introduced in the genome of each meiotic cell by the SPO11 protein. The nucleolytic resection of DSB-adjacent DNA is a key step in meiotic DSB repair, but this process has remained understudied. In this issue of Genes & Development, Yamada and colleagues (pp. 806–818) capture some of the first details of resection and DSB repair intermediates in mouse meiosis using a method that maps blunt-ended DNA after ssDNA digestion. This yields some of the first genome-wide insights into DSB resection and repair in a mammalian genome and offers a tantalizing glimpse of how to quantitatively dissect this difficult to study, yet integral, nuclear process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brick
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Florencia Pratto
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - R Daniel Camerini-Otero
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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45
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Mating type specific transcriptomic response to sex inducing pheromone in the pennate diatom Seminavis robusta. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:562-576. [PMID: 33028976 PMCID: PMC8027222 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is a fundamental phase in the life cycle of most diatoms. Despite its role as a source of genetic variation, it is rarely reported in natural circumstances and its molecular foundations remain largely unknown. Here, we integrate independent transcriptomic datasets to prioritize genes responding to sex inducing pheromones (SIPs) in the pennate diatom Seminavis robusta. We observe marked gene expression changes associated with SIP treatment in both mating types, including an inhibition of S phase progression, chloroplast division, mitosis, and cell wall formation. Meanwhile, meiotic genes are upregulated in response to SIP, including a sexually induced diatom specific cyclin. Our data further suggest an important role for reactive oxygen species, energy metabolism, and cGMP signaling during the early stages of sexual reproduction. In addition, we identify several genes with a mating type specific response to SIP, and link their expression pattern with physiological specialization, such as the production of the attraction pheromone diproline in mating type − (MT−) and mate-searching behavior in mating type + (MT+). Combined, our results provide a model for early sexual reproduction in pennate diatoms and significantly expand the suite of target genes to detect sexual reproduction events in natural diatom populations.
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46
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Tran TN, Schimenti JC. A segregating human allele of SPO11 modeled in mice disrupts timing and amounts of meiotic recombination, causing oligospermia and a decreased ovarian reserve†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:347-359. [PMID: 31074776 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in medical genetics is to characterize variants of unknown significance (VUS). Doing so would help delineate underlying causes of disease and the design of customized treatments. Infertility has presented an especially difficult challenge with respect to not only determining if a given patient has a genetic basis, but also to identify the causative genetic factor(s). Though genome sequencing can identify candidate variants, in silico predictions of causation are not always sufficiently reliable so as to be actionable. Thus, experimental validation is crucial. Here, we describe the phenotype of mice containing a non-synonymous (proline-to-threonine at position 306) change in Spo11, corresponding to human SNP rs185545661. SPO11 is a topoisomerase-like protein that is essential for meiosis because it induces DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs) that stimulate pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes. Although both male and female Spo11P306T/P306T mice were fertile, they had reduced sperm and oocytes, respectively. Spermatocyte chromosomes exhibited synapsis defects (especially between the X and Y chromosomes), elevated apoptotic cells, persistent markers of DSBs, and most importantly, fewer Type 1 crossovers that causes some chromosomes to have none. Spo11P306T/- mice were sterile and made fewer meiotic DSBs than Spo11+/- animals, suggesting that the Spo11P306T allele is a hypomorph and likely is delayed in making sufficient DSBs in a timely fashion. If the consequences are recapitulated in humans, it would predict phenotypes of premature ovarian failure, reduced sperm counts, and possible increased number of aneuploid gametes. These results emphasize the importance of deep phenotyping in order to accurately assess the impact of VUSs in reproduction genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina N Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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47
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Alekseev A, Serdakov M, Pobegalov G, Yakimov A, Bakhlanova I, Baitin D, Khodorkovskii M. Single-molecule analysis reveals two distinct states of the compressed RecA filament on single-stranded DNA. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3464-3476. [PMID: 32880917 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The RecA protein plays a key role in bacterial homologous recombination (HR) and acts through assembly of long helical filaments around single-stranded DNA in the presence of ATP. Large-scale conformational changes induced by ATP hydrolysis result in transitions between stretched and compressed forms of the filament. Here, using a single-molecule approach, we show that compressed RecA nucleoprotein filaments can exist in two distinct interconvertible states depending on the presence of ADP in the monomer-monomer interface. Binding of ADP promotes cooperative conformational transitions and directly affects mechanical properties of the filament. Our findings reveal that RecA nucleoprotein filaments are able to continuously cycle between three mechanically distinct states that might have important implications for RecA-mediated processes of HR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksim Serdakov
- Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
| | | | - Alexandr Yakimov
- Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute'), Gatchina, Russia
| | - Irina Bakhlanova
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute'), Gatchina, Russia
| | - Dmitry Baitin
- Department of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute'), Gatchina, Russia
| | - Mikhail Khodorkovskii
- Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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48
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Zhang C, Zhang F, Cheng X, Liu K, Tang J, Li Y, Tang D, Cheng Z, Yu H. OsATM Safeguards Accurate Repair of Meiotic Double-Strand Breaks in Rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1047-1057. [PMID: 32404412 PMCID: PMC7333689 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA-MUTATED (ATM) protein has been well studied for its roles in the DNA damage response. However, its role in meiosis has not been fully explored. Here, we characterized the functions of the rice (Oryza sativa) ATM homolog during meiosis. Aberrant chromosome associations and DNA fragmentations were observed after the completion of homologous pairing and synapsis in Osatm pollen mother cells (PMCs). Aberrant chromosome associations disappeared in Osspo11-1 Osatm-1 double mutants and more severe defects were observed in Osdmc1 Osatm, suggesting that OsATM functions downstream of OsSPO11-1-catalyzed double-strand break formation and in parallel with OsDMC1-mediated homologous recombination. We further demonstrated that phosphorylation of H2AX in PMCs did not depend on OsATM, in contrast to the situation in somatic cells. Moreover, the removal of OsDMC1 from chromosomes in Osatm PMCs was delayed and the number of HEI10 foci (markers of interference-sensitive crossover intermediates) decreased. Together, these findings suggest that OsATM plays important roles in the accurate repair of meiotic double-strand breaks in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinjie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hengxiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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49
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Yao Y, Li X, Chen W, Liu H, Mi L, Ren D, Mo A, Lu P. ATM Promotes RAD51-Mediated Meiotic DSB Repair by Inter-Sister-Chromatid Recombination in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32670319 PMCID: PMC7329986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination ensures accurate homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis and generates novel allelic combinations among gametes. During meiosis, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are generated to facilitate recombination. To maintain genome integrity, meiotic DSBs must be repaired using appropriate DNA templates. Although the DNA damage response protein kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) has been shown to be involved in meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis, its mechanistic role is still unclear. In this study, we performed cytological analysis in Arabidopsis atm mutant, we show that there are fewer γH2AX foci, but more RAD51 and DMC1 foci on atm meiotic chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed an increase in meiotic Type I crossovers (COs) in atm. Our genetic analysis shows that the meiotic phenotype of atm rad51 double mutants is similar to the rad51 single mutant. Whereas, the atm dmc1 double mutant has a more severe chromosome fragmentation phenotype compared to both single mutants, suggesting that ATM functions in concert with RAD51, but in parallel to DMC1. Lastly, we show that atm asy1 double mutants also have more severe meiotic recombination defects. These data lead us to propose a model wherein ATM promotes RAD51-mediated meiotic DSB repair by inter-sister-chromatid (IS) recombination in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aowei Mo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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50
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Murakami H, Lam I, Huang PC, Song J, van Overbeek M, Keeney S. Multilayered mechanisms ensure that short chromosomes recombine in meiosis. Nature 2020; 582:124-128. [PMID: 32494071 PMCID: PMC7298877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In most species, homologous chromosomes must recombine in order to segregate accurately during meiosis1. Because small chromosomes would be at risk of missegregation if recombination were randomly distributed, the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination are not located arbitrarily2. How the nonrandomness of DSB distributions is controlled is not understood, although several pathways are known to regulate the timing, location and number of DSBs. Meiotic DSBs are generated by Spo11 and accessory DSB proteins, including Rec114 and Mer2, which assemble on chromosomes3-7 and are nearly universal in eukaryotes8-11. Here we demonstrate how Saccharomyces cerevisiae integrates multiple temporally distinct pathways to regulate the binding of Rec114 and Mer2 to chromosomes, thereby controlling the duration of a DSB-competent state. The engagement of homologous chromosomes with each other regulates the dissociation of Rec114 and Mer2 later in prophase I, whereas the timing of replication and the proximity to centromeres or telomeres influence the accumulation of Rec114 and Mer2 early in prophase I. Another early mechanism enhances the binding of Rec114 and Mer2 specifically on the shortest chromosomes, and is subject to selection pressure to maintain the hyperrecombinogenic properties of these chromosomes. Thus, the karyotype of an organism and its risk of meiotic missegregation influence the shape and evolution of its recombination landscape. Our results provide a cohesive view of a multifaceted and evolutionarily constrained system that allocates DSBs to all pairs of homologous chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Murakami
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Isabel Lam
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pei-Ching Huang
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Song
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan van Overbeek
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caribou Biosciences, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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