1
|
Hilton LK, Collinge B, Ben-Neriah S, Alduaij W, Shaalan H, Weng AP, Cruz M, Slack GW, Farinha P, Miyata-Takata T, Boyle M, Meissner B, Cook JR, Ondrejka SL, Ott G, Rosenwald A, Campo E, Amador C, Greiner TC, Raess PW, Song JY, Inghirami G, Jaffe ES, Weisenburger DD, Chan WC, Beiske K, Fu K, Delabie J, Pittaluga S, Iqbal J, Wright G, Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Mungall AJ, Feldman AL, Staudt LM, Steidl C, Rimsza LM, Morin RD, Scott DW. Motive and opportunity: MYC rearrangements in high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (an LLMPP study). Blood 2024; 144:525-540. [PMID: 38701426 PMCID: PMC11307266 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rearrangements that place the oncogenes MYC, BCL2, or BCL6 adjacent to superenhancers are common in mature B-cell lymphomas. Lymphomas with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or high-grade morphology with both MYC and BCL2 rearrangements are classified as high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements ("double hit"; HGBCL-DH-BCL2) and are associated with aggressive disease and poor outcomes. Although it is established that MYC rearrangements involving immunoglobulin (IG) loci are associated with inferior outcomes relative to those involving other non-IG superenhancers, the frequency of and mechanisms driving IG vs non-IG MYC rearrangements have not been elucidated. Here, we used custom targeted capture and/or whole-genome sequencing to characterize oncogene rearrangements across 883 mature B-cell lymphomas including Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, DLBCL, and HGBCL-DH-BCL2 tumors. We demonstrate that, although BCL2 rearrangement topology is consistent across entities, HGBCL-DH-BCL2 have distinct MYC rearrangement architecture relative to tumors with single MYC rearrangements or with both MYC and BCL6 rearrangements (HGBCL-DH-BCL6), including both a higher frequency of non-IG rearrangements and different architecture of MYC::IGH rearrangements. The distinct MYC rearrangement patterns in HGBCL-DH-BCL2 occur on the background of high levels of somatic hypermutation across MYC partner loci in HGBCL-DH-BCL2, creating more opportunity to form these rearrangements. Furthermore, because 1 IGH allele is already disrupted by the existing BCL2 rearrangement, the MYC rearrangement architecture in HGBCL-DH-BCL2 likely reflects selective pressure to preserve both BCL2 and B-cell receptor expression. These data provide new mechanistic explanations for the distinct patterns of MYC rearrangements observed across different lymphoma entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Hilton
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Brett Collinge
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Waleed Alduaij
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haya Shaalan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manuela Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Graham W. Slack
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Merrill Boyle
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - James R. Cook
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Elias Campo
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigaciones Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Timothy C. Greiner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Philipp W. Raess
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joo Y. Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Elaine S. Jaffe
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dennis D. Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jan Delabie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - George Wright
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laurie H. Sehn
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kerry J. Savage
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mungall
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa M. Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Ryan D. Morin
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David W. Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheong TC, Jang A, Wang Q, Leonardi GC, Ricciuti B, Alessi JV, Di Federico A, Awad MM, Lehtinen MK, Harris MH, Chiarle R. Mechanistic patterns and clinical implications of oncogenic tyrosine kinase fusions in human cancers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5110. [PMID: 38877018 PMCID: PMC11178778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase (TK) fusions are frequently found in cancers, either as initiating events or as a mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy. Partner genes and exons in most TK fusions are followed typical recurrent patterns, but the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these patterns are poorly understood. By developing Functionally Active Chromosomal Translocation Sequencing (FACTS), we discover that typical TK fusions involving ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK1 are selected from pools of chromosomal rearrangements by two major determinants: active transcription of the fusion partner genes and protein stability. In contrast, atypical TK fusions that are rarely seen in patients showed reduced protein stability, decreased downstream oncogenic signaling, and were less responsive to inhibition. Consistently, patients with atypical TK fusions were associated with a reduced response to TKI therapies. Our findings highlight the principles of oncogenic TK fusion formation and selection in cancers, with clinical implications for guiding targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ahram Jang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Giulia C Leonardi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joao V Alessi
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Mark M Awad
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marian H Harris
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10126, Italy.
- Division of Hematopathology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiarle R, Cheong TC, Jang A, Wang Q, Leonardi G, Ricciuti B, Alessi J, Federico AD, Awad M, Lehtinen M, Harris M. Mechanistic patterns and clinical implications of oncogenic tyrosine kinase fusions in human cancers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3782958. [PMID: 38313284 PMCID: PMC10836111 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3782958/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase (TK) fusions are frequently found in cancers, either as initiating events or as a mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy. Partner genes and exons in most TK fusions are typical and recurrent, but the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these patterns are poorly understood. Here, we investigated structures of > 8,000 kinase fusions and explore their generative mechanisms by applying newly developed experimental framework integrating high-throughput genome-wide gene fusion sequencing and clonal selection called Functionally Active Chromosomal Translocation Sequencing (FACTS). We discovered that typical oncogenic TK fusions recurrently seen in patients are selected from large pools of chromosomal rearrangements spontaneously occurring in cells based on two major determinants: active transcription of the fusion partner genes and protein stability. In contrast, atypical TK fusions that are rarely seen in patients showed reduced protein stability, decreased downstream oncogenic signaling, and were less responsive to inhibition. Consistently, patients with atypical TK fusions were associated with a reduced response to TKI therapies, as well as a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to patients with typical TK fusions. These findings highlight the principles of oncogenic TK fusion formation and their selection in cancers, with clinical implications for guiding targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahram Jang
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Qi Wang
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marian Harris
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Badura ML, O’Leary PC, Delavan HM, Robinson TM, Egusa EA, Zhong X, Swinderman JT, Li H, Zhang M, Kim M, Ashworth A, Feng FY, Chou J, Yang L. Large tandem duplications in cancer result from transcription and DNA replication collisions. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.05.17.23290140. [PMID: 38260434 PMCID: PMC10802642 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.23290140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of somatic structural variations (SVs) in cancer, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their formation remain unclear. Here, we use 6,193 whole-genome sequenced tumors to study the contributions of transcription and DNA replication collisions to genome instability. After deconvoluting robust SV signatures in three independent pan-cancer cohorts, we detect transcription-dependent replicated-strand bias, the expected footprint of transcription-replication collision (TRC), in large tandem duplications (TDs). Large TDs are abundant in female-enriched, upper gastrointestinal tract and prostate cancers. They are associated with poor patient survival and mutations in TP53, CDK12, and SPOP. Upon inactivating CDK12, cells display significantly more TRCs, R-loops, and large TDs. Inhibition of G2/M checkpoint proteins, such as WEE1, CHK1, and ATR, selectively inhibits the growth of cells deficient in CDK12. Our data suggest that large TDs in cancer form due to TRCs, and their presence can be used as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle L. Badura
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick C. O’Leary
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry M. Delavan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Troy M. Robinson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily A. Egusa
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason T. Swinderman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haolong Li
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Yang L. Somatic structural variation signatures in pediatric brain tumors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113276. [PMID: 37851574 PMCID: PMC10748741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Somatic structural variations (SVs), large-scale alterations in DNA, remain poorly understood in pediatric brain tumors. Here, we detect a total of 13,199 high-confidence somatic SVs in 744 whole-genome sequences of pediatric brain tumors from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas. The somatic SV occurrences have tremendous diversity among the cohort and across different tumor types. We decompose mutational signatures of clustered complex SVs, non-clustered complex SVs, and simple SVs separately to infer their mutational mechanisms. Our finding of many tumor types carrying unique sets of SV signatures suggests that distinct molecular mechanisms shape genome instability in different tumor types. The patterns of somatic SV signatures in pediatric brain tumors are substantially different from those in adult cancers. The convergence of multiple SV signatures on several major cancer driver genes implies vital roles of somatic SVs in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mielczarek O, Rogers CH, Zhan Y, Matheson LS, Stubbington MJT, Schoenfelder S, Bolland DJ, Javierre BM, Wingett SW, Várnai C, Segonds-Pichon A, Conn SJ, Krueger F, Andrews S, Fraser P, Giorgetti L, Corcoran AE. Intra- and interchromosomal contact mapping reveals the Igh locus has extensive conformational heterogeneity and interacts with B-lineage genes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113074. [PMID: 37676766 PMCID: PMC10548092 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To produce a diverse antibody repertoire, immunoglobulin heavy-chain (Igh) loci undergo large-scale alterations in structure to facilitate juxtaposition and recombination of spatially separated variable (VH), diversity (DH), and joining (JH) genes. These chromosomal alterations are poorly understood. Uncovering their patterns shows how chromosome dynamics underpins antibody diversity. Using tiled Capture Hi-C, we produce a comprehensive map of chromatin interactions throughout the 2.8-Mb Igh locus in progenitor B cells. We find that the Igh locus folds into semi-rigid subdomains and undergoes flexible looping of the VH genes to its 3' end, reconciling two views of locus organization. Deconvolution of single Igh locus conformations using polymer simulations identifies thousands of different structures. This heterogeneity may underpin the diversity of V(D)J recombination events. All three immunoglobulin loci also participate in a highly specific, developmentally regulated network of interchromosomal interactions with genes encoding B cell-lineage factors. This suggests a model of interchromosomal coordination of B cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mielczarek
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Carolyn H Rogers
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Yinxiu Zhan
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Michael J T Stubbington
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Stefan Schoenfelder
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Daniel J Bolland
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Biola M Javierre
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Steven W Wingett
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anne Segonds-Pichon
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J Conn
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Luca Giorgetti
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne E Corcoran
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leyva-Díaz E. CUT homeobox genes: transcriptional regulation of neuronal specification and beyond. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1233830. [PMID: 37744879 PMCID: PMC10515288 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CUT homeobox genes represent a captivating gene class fulfilling critical functions in the development and maintenance of multiple cell types across a wide range of organisms. They belong to the larger group of homeobox genes, which encode transcription factors responsible for regulating gene expression patterns during development. CUT homeobox genes exhibit two distinct and conserved DNA binding domains, a homeodomain accompanied by one or more CUT domains. Numerous studies have shown the involvement of CUT homeobox genes in diverse developmental processes such as body axis formation, organogenesis, tissue patterning and neuronal specification. They govern these processes by exerting control over gene expression through their transcriptional regulatory activities, which they accomplish by a combination of classic and unconventional interactions with the DNA. Intriguingly, apart from their roles as transcriptional regulators, they also serve as accessory factors in DNA repair pathways through protein-protein interactions. They are highly conserved across species, highlighting their fundamental importance in developmental biology. Remarkably, evolutionary analysis has revealed that CUT homeobox genes have experienced an extraordinary degree of rearrangements and diversification compared to other classes of homeobox genes, including the emergence of a novel gene family in vertebrates. Investigating the functions and regulatory networks of CUT homeobox genes provides significant understanding into the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, aberrant expression or mutations in CUT homeobox genes have been associated with various human diseases, highlighting their relevance beyond developmental processes. This review will overview the well known roles of CUT homeobox genes in nervous system development, as well as their functions in other tissues across phylogeny.
Collapse
|
8
|
Canoy RJ, Shmakova A, Karpukhina A, Lomov N, Tiukacheva E, Kozhevnikova Y, André F, Germini D, Vassetzky Y. Specificity of cancer-related chromosomal translocations is linked to proximity after the DNA double-strand break and subsequent selection. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad049. [PMID: 37750169 PMCID: PMC10518054 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer-related chromosomal translocations appear to be cell type specific. It is currently unknown why different chromosomal translocations occur in different cells. This can be due to either the occurrence of particular translocations in specific cell types or adaptive survival advantage conferred by translocations only in specific cells. We experimentally addressed this question by double-strand break (DSB) induction at MYC, IGH, AML and ETO loci in the same cell to generate chromosomal translocations in different cell lineages. Our results show that any translocation can potentially arise in any cell type. We have analyzed different factors that could affect the frequency of the translocations, and only the spatial proximity between gene loci after the DSB induction correlated with the resulting translocation frequency, supporting the 'breakage-first' model. Furthermore, upon long-term culture of cells with the generated chromosomal translocations, only oncogenic MYC-IGH and AML-ETO translocations persisted over a 60-day period. Overall, the results suggest that chromosomal translocation can be generated after DSB induction in any type of cell, but whether the cell with the translocation would persist in a cell population depends on the cell type-specific selective survival advantage that the chromosomal translocation confers to the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reynand Jay Canoy
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000 Manila, The Philippines
| | - Anna Shmakova
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization ‘National Cardiology Research Center’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Karpukhina
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Lomov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia Tiukacheva
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Franck André
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Yang L. Somatic structural variation signatures in pediatric brain tumors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.18.23290139. [PMID: 37292789 PMCID: PMC10246126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.23290139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Somatic structural variations (SVs), large scale alterations in DNA, remain poorly understood in pediatric brain tumors. Here, we detect a total of 13,199 high confidence somatic SVs in 744 whole-genome-sequenced pediatric brain tumors from Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas. The somatic SV occurrences have tremendous diversity among the cohort and across different tumor types. We decompose mutational signatures of clustered complex SVs, non-clustered complex SVs, and simple SVs separately to infer the mutational mechanisms of SV formation. Our finding of many tumor types carrying unique sets of SV signatures suggests that distinct molecular mechanisms are active in different tumor types to shape genome instability. The patterns of somatic SV signatures in pediatric brain tumors are substantially different from those in adult cancers. The convergence of multiple signatures to alter several major cancer driver genes suggesting the functional importance of somatic SVs in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gridina MM, Vesna E, Minzhenkova ME, Shilova NV, Ryzhkova OP, Nazarenko LP, Belyaeva EO, Lebedev IN, Fishman VS. Influence of human peripheral blood samples preprocessing on the quality of Hi-C libraries. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:83-87. [PMID: 36923477 PMCID: PMC10009481 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome-wide variant of the chromatin conformation capture technique (Hi-C) is a powerful tool for revealing patterns of genome spatial organization, as well as for understanding the effects of their disturbance on disease development. In addition, Hi-C can be used to detect chromosomal rearrangements, including balanced translocations and inversions. The use of the Hi-C method for the detection of chromosomal rearrangements is becoming more widespread. Modern high-throughput methods of genome analysis can effectively reveal point mutations and unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements. However, their sensitivity for determining translocations and inversions remains rather low. The storage of whole blood samples can affect the amount and integrity of genomic DNA, and it can distort the results of subsequent analyses if the storage was not under proper conditions. The Hi-C method is extremely demanding on the input material. The necessary condition for successfully applying Hi-C and obtaining high-quality data is the preservation of the spatial chromatin organization within the nucleus. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal storage conditions of blood samples for subsequent Hi-C analysis. We selected 10 different conditions for blood storage and sample processing. For each condition, we prepared and sequenced Hi-C libraries. The quality of the obtained data was compared. As a result of the work, we formulated the requirements for the storage and processing of samples to obtain high-quality Hi-C data. We have established the minimum volume of blood sufficient for conducting Hi-C analysis. In addition, we have identified the most suitable methods for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their long-term storage. The main requirement we have formulated is not to freeze whole blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Gridina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E Vesna
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - N V Shilova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Ryzhkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - L P Nazarenko
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E O Belyaeva
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I N Lebedev
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V S Fishman
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao M, Feng D, Hu L, Liu L, Wu J, Hu Z, Long H, Kuang Q, Ouyang L, Lu Q. 3D genome alterations in T cells associated with disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:226-234. [PMID: 36690410 PMCID: PMC9887402 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three-dimensional (3D) genome alterations can dysregulate gene expression by rewiring physical interactions within chromosomes in a tissue-specific or cell-specific manner and lead to diseases. We aimed to elucidate the 3D genome structure and its role in gene expression networks dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We performed Hi-C experiments using CD4+ T cells from 7 patients with SLE and 5 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) combined with RNA sequencing analysis. Further integrative analyses, including transcription factor motif enrichment, SPI1 knockdown and histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3), were performed for altered loop-associated gene loci in SLE. RESULTS We deciphered the 3D chromosome organisation in T cells of patients with SLE and found it was clearly distinct from that of HCs and closely associated with the disease activity of SLE. Importantly, we identified loops within chromosomes associated with the disease activity of SLE and differentially expressed genes and found some key histone modifications close to these loops. Moreover, we demonstrated the contribution of the transcription factor SPI1, whose motif is located in the altered loop in SLE, to the overexpression of interferon pathway gene. In addition, we identified the potential influences of genetic variations in 3D genome alterations in SLE. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the 3D genome structure alterations associated with SLE development and provide a foundation for future interrogation of the relationships between chromosome structure and gene expression control in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Delong Feng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Epigenetic Group, Frasergen Bioinformatics Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haojun Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiqi Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianlian Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Panahi-Moghadam S, Hassani S, Farivar S, Vakhshiteh F. Emerging Role of Enhancer RNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8050066. [PMID: 36287118 PMCID: PMC9607539 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are distal cis-acting elements that are commonly recognized to regulate gene expression via cooperation with promoters. Along with regulating gene expression, enhancers can be transcribed and generate a class of non-coding RNAs called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). The current discovery of abundant tissue-specific transcription of enhancers in various diseases such as cancers raises questions about the potential role of eRNAs in disease diagnosis and therapy. This review aimed to demonstrate the current understanding of eRNAs in cancer research with a focus on the potential roles of eRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Panahi-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Recurrent Translocations in Topoisomerase Inhibitor-Related Leukemia Are Determined by the Features of DNA Breaks Rather Than by the Proximity of the Translocating Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179824. [PMID: 36077220 PMCID: PMC9456246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase inhibitors are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. However, one of the potential long-term adverse effects of such therapy is acute leukemia. A key feature of such therapy-induced acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is recurrent chromosomal translocations involving AML1 (RUNX1) or MLL (KMT2A) genes. The formation of chromosomal translocation depends on the spatial proximity of translocation partners and the mobility of the DNA ends. It is unclear which of these two factors might be decisive for recurrent t-AML translocations. Here, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome conformation capture followed by sequencing (4C-seq) to investigate double-strand DNA break formation and the mobility of broken ends upon etoposide treatment, as well as contacts between translocation partner genes. We detected the separation of the parts of the broken AML1 gene, as well as the increased mobility of these separated parts. 4C-seq analysis showed no evident contacts of AML1 and MLL with loci, implicated in recurrent t-AML translocations, either before or after etoposide treatment. We suggest that separation of the break ends and their increased non-targeted mobility—but not spatial predisposition of the rearrangement partners—plays a major role in the formation of these translocations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Danforth JM, Provencher L, Goodarzi AA. Chromatin and the Cellular Response to Particle Radiation-Induced Oxidative and Clustered DNA Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910440. [PMID: 35912116 PMCID: PMC9326100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation is prevalent, with greatest lifetime doses typically from high Linear Energy Transfer (high-LET) alpha particles via the radioactive decay of radon gas in indoor air. Particle radiation is highly genotoxic, inducing DNA damage including oxidative base lesions and DNA double strand breaks. Due to the ionization density of high-LET radiation, the consequent damage is highly clustered wherein ≥2 distinct DNA lesions occur within 1–2 helical turns of one another. These multiply-damaged sites are difficult for eukaryotic cells to resolve either quickly or accurately, resulting in the persistence of DNA damage and/or the accumulation of mutations at a greater rate per absorbed dose, relative to lower LET radiation types. The proximity of the same and different types of DNA lesions to one another is challenging for DNA repair processes, with diverse pathways often confounding or interplaying with one another in complex ways. In this context, understanding the state of the higher order chromatin compaction and arrangements is essential, as it influences the density of damage produced by high-LET radiation and regulates the recruitment and activity of DNA repair factors. This review will summarize the latest research exploring the processes by which clustered DNA damage sites are induced, detected, and repaired in the context of chromatin.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene variable regions and class switch recombination (CSR) of Ig heavy chain constant regions. Two decades of intensive research has greatly expanded our knowledge of how AID functions in peripheral B cells to optimize antibody responses against infections, while maintaining tight regulation of AID to restrain its activity to protect B cell genomic integrity. The many exciting recent advances in the field include: 1) the first description of AID's molecular structure, 2) remarkable advances in high throughput approaches that precisely track AID targeting genome-wide, and 3) the discovery that the cohesion-mediate loop extrusion mechanism [initially discovered in V(D)J recombination studies] also governs AID-medicated CSR. These advances have significantly advanced our understanding of AID's biochemical properties in vitro and AID's function and regulation in vivo. This mini review will discuss these recent discoveries and outline the challenges and questions that remain to be addressed.
Collapse
|
16
|
de Lima MF, Lisboa MDO, Terceiro LEL, Rangel-Pozzo A, Mai S. Chromosome Territories in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081368. [PMID: 35456046 PMCID: PMC9028803 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes are organized in distinct nuclear areas designated as chromosome territories (CT). The structural formation of CT is a consequence of chromatin packaging and organization that ultimately affects cell function. Chromosome positioning can identify structural signatures of genomic organization, especially for diseases where changes in gene expression contribute to a given phenotype. The study of CT in hematological diseases revealed chromosome position as an important factor for specific chromosome translocations. In this review, we highlight the history of CT theory, current knowledge on possible clinical applications of CT analysis, and the impact of CT in the development of hematological neoplasia such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphomas. Accumulating data on nuclear architecture in cancer allow one to propose the three-dimensional nuclear genomic landscape as a novel cancer biomarker for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Fabiao de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Mateus de Oliveira Lisboa
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná—PUCPR, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada;
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Balasubramanian S, Andreani M, Andrade JG, Saha T, Sundaravinayagam D, Garzón J, Zhang W, Popp O, Hiraga SI, Rahjouei A, Rosen DB, Mertins P, Chait BT, Donaldson AD, Di Virgilio M. Protection of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks is mediated by phosphorylation of RIF1 intrinsically disordered region. eLife 2022; 11:e75047. [PMID: 35416772 PMCID: PMC9007588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RIF1 is a multifunctional protein that plays key roles in the regulation of DNA processing. During repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), RIF1 functions in the 53BP1-Shieldin pathway that inhibits resection of DNA ends to modulate the cellular decision on which repair pathway to engage. Under conditions of replication stress, RIF1 protects nascent DNA at stalled replication forks from degradation by the DNA2 nuclease. How these RIF1 activities are regulated at the post-translational level has not yet been elucidated. Here, we identified a cluster of conserved ATM/ATR consensus SQ motifs within the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of mouse RIF1 that are phosphorylated in proliferating B lymphocytes. We found that phosphorylation of the conserved IDR SQ cluster is dispensable for the inhibition of DSB resection by RIF1, but is essential to counteract DNA2-dependent degradation of nascent DNA at stalled replication forks. Therefore, our study identifies a key molecular feature that enables the genome-protective function of RIF1 during DNA replication stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Balasubramanian
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Matteo Andreani
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Júlia Goncalves Andrade
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Tannishtha Saha
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Devakumar Sundaravinayagam
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Javier Garzón
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, ForesterhillAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Shin-ichiro Hiraga
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, ForesterhillAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Ali Rahjouei
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
| | - Daniel B Rosen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anne D Donaldson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, ForesterhillAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification & Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang CZ, Pellman D. Cancer Genomic Rearrangements and Copy Number Alterations from Errors in Cell Division. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070620-094029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of cancer genomes has shown that a large fraction of chromosomal changes originate from catastrophic events including whole-genome duplication, chromothripsis, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, and chromoplexy. Through sophisticated computational analysis of cancer genomes and experimental recapitulation of these catastrophic alterations, we have gained significant insights into the origin, mechanism, and evolutionary dynamics of cancer genome complexity. In this review, we summarize this progress and survey the major unresolved questions, with particular emphasis on the relative contributions of chromosome fragmentation and DNA replication errors to complex chromosomal alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Pellman
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang H, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang S, He E, Guo J, Xie Y, Wang J, Li X, Peng Z, Wang M, Hou J, Liu Z. Posttranslational modification of Aurora A-NSD2 loop contributes to drug resistance in t(4;14) multiple myeloma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e744. [PMID: 35389552 PMCID: PMC8989081 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background t(4;14)(p16;q32) cytogenetic abnormality renders high level of histone methyltransferase NSD2 in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and predicts poor clinical prognosis, but mechanisms of NSD2 in promoting chemoresistance have not been well elucidated. Methods An epigenetics compound library containing 181 compounds was used to screen inhibitors possessing a prior synergistic effect with bortezomib (BTZ) in vitro. Molecular biology techniques were applied to uncover underlying mechanisms. Transcriptome profile assay was performed by RNA‐seq. NSG mouse‐based xenograft model and intra‐bone model were applied to qualify the synergistic effect in vivo. Results We identified an Aurora kinase A inhibitor (MLN8237) possessed a significant synergistic effect with BTZ on t(4;14) positive MM cells. Aurora A protein level positively correlated with NSD2 level, and gain‐ and loss‐of‐functions of Aurora A correspondingly altered NSD2 protein and H3K36me2 levels. Mechanistically, Aurora A phosphorylated NSD2 at S56 residue to protect the protein from cleavage and degradation, thus methylation of Aurora A and phosphorylation of NSD2 bilaterally formed a positive regulating loop. Transcriptome profile assay of MM cells with AURKA depletion identified IL6R, STC2 and TCEA2 as the downstream target genes responsible for BTZ‐resistance (BR). Clinically, higher expressions of these genes correlated with poorer outcomes of MM patients. Combined administration of MLN8237 and BTZ significantly suppressed tumour growth in LP‐1 cells derived xenografts, and remarkably alleviated bone lesion in femurs of NSG mice. Conclusions Aurora A phosphorylates NSD2 at S56 residue to enhance NSD2 methyltransferase activity and form a positive regulating loop in promoting MM chemoresistance, thus pharmacologically targeting Aurora A sensitizes t(4;14) positive MM to the proteasome inhibitors treatment. Our study uncovers a previously unknown reason of MM patients with t(4;14) engendering chemoresistance, and provides a theoretical basis for developing new treatment strategy for MM patients with different genomic backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Jiang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Enyang He
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Xie
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Peng
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lue JK, Downs-Canner S, Chaudhuri J. The role of B cells in the development, progression, and treatment of lymphomas and solid tumors. Adv Immunol 2022; 154:71-117. [PMID: 36038195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
B cells are integral components of the mammalian immune response as they have the ability to generate antibodies against an almost infinite array of antigens. Over the past several decades, significant scientific progress has been made in understanding that this enormous B cell diversity contributes to pathogen clearance. However, our understanding of the humoral response to solid tumors and to tumor-specific antigens is unclear. In this review, we first discuss how B cells interact with other cells in the tumor microenvironment and influence the development and progression of various solid tumors. The ability of B lymphocytes to generate antibodies against a diverse repertoire of antigens and subsequently tailor the humoral immune response to specific pathogens relies on their ability to undergo genomic alterations during their development and differentiation. We will discuss key transforming events that lead to the development of B cell lymphomas. Overall, this review provides a foundation for innovative therapeutic interventions for both lymphoma and solid tumor malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lue
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Stephanie Downs-Canner
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chromosome Folding Promotes Intrachromosomal Aberrations under Radiation- and Nuclease-Induced DNA Breakage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212186. [PMID: 34830065 PMCID: PMC8618582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-standing question in radiation and cancer biology is how principles of chromosome organization impact the formation of chromosomal aberrations (CAs). To address this issue, we developed a physical modeling approach and analyzed high-throughput genomic data from chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and translocation sequencing (HTGTS) methods. Combining modeling of chromosome structure and of chromosomal aberrations induced by ionizing radiation (IR) and nuclease we made predictions which quantitatively correlated with key experimental findings in mouse chromosomes: chromosome contact maps, high frequency of cis-translocation breakpoints far outside of the site of nuclease-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the distinct shape of breakpoint distribution in chromosomes with different 3D organizations. These correlations support the heteropolymer globule principle of chromosome organization in G1-arrested pro-B mouse cells. The joint analysis of Hi-C, HTGTS and physical modeling data offers mechanistic insight into how chromosome structure heterogeneity, globular folding and lesion dynamics drive IR-recurrent CAs. The results provide the biophysical and computational basis for the analysis of chromosome aberration landscape under IR and nuclease-induced DSBs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sebastian R, Aladjem MI, Oberdoerffer P. Encounters in Three Dimensions: How Nuclear Topology Shapes Genome Integrity. Front Genet 2021; 12:746380. [PMID: 34745220 PMCID: PMC8566435 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.746380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 25 years ago, the phosphorylation of a chromatin component, histone H2AX, was discovered as an integral part of the DNA damage response in eukaryotes. Much has been learned since then about the control of DNA repair in the context of chromatin. Recent technical and computational advances in imaging, biophysics and deep sequencing have led to unprecedented insight into nuclear organization, highlighting the impact of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure and nuclear topology on DNA repair. In this review, we will describe how DNA repair processes have adjusted to and in many cases adopted these organizational features to ensure accurate lesion repair. We focus on new findings that highlight the importance of chromatin context, topologically associated domains, phase separation and DNA break mobility for the establishment of repair-conducive nuclear environments. Finally, we address the consequences of aberrant 3D genome maintenance for genome instability and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sebastian
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Philipp Oberdoerffer
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ye X, Ren W, Liu D, Li X, Li W, Wang X, Meng FL, Yeap LS, Hou Y, Zhu S, Casellas R, Zhang H, Wu K, Pan-Hammarström Q. Genome-wide mutational signatures revealed distinct developmental paths for human B cell lymphomas. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211517. [PMID: 33136155 PMCID: PMC7608067 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) are initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Dysregulation of these processes has been linked to B cell lymphomagenesis. Here we performed an in-depth analysis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) genomes. We characterized seven genomic mutational signatures, including two B cell tumor-specific signatures, one of which is novel and associated with aberrant SHM. We further identified two major mutational signatures (K1 and K2) of clustered mutations (kataegis) resulting from the activities of AID or error-prone DNA polymerase η, respectively. K1 was associated with the immunoglobulin (Ig) switch region mutations/translocations and the ABC subtype of DLBCL, whereas K2 was related to the Ig variable region mutations and the GCB subtype of DLBCL and FL. Similar patterns were also observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia subtypes. Thus, alterations associated with aberrant CSR and SHM activities can be linked to distinct developmental paths for different subtypes of B cell lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ye
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Weicheng Ren
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dongbing Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Leng-Siew Yeap
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Rafael Casellas
- Genomics and Immunity, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oppezzo P, Navarrete M, Chiorazzi N. AID in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Induction and Action During Disease Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634383. [PMID: 34041018 PMCID: PMC8141630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, critical actions for an effective adaptive immune response. However, in addition to the benefits generated by its physiological roles, AID is an etiological factor for the development of human and murine leukemias and lymphomas. This review highlights the pathological role of AID and the consequences of its actions on the development, progression, and therapeutic refractoriness of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a model disease for mature lymphoid malignancies. First, we summarize pertinent aspects of the expression and function of AID in normal B lymphocytes. Then, we assess putative causes for AID expression in leukemic cells emphasizing the role of an activated microenvironment. Thirdly, we discuss the role of AID in lymphomagenesis, in light of recent data obtained by NGS analyses on the genomic landscape of leukemia and lymphomas, concentrating on the frequency of AID signatures in these cancers and correlating previously described tumor-gene drivers with the presence of AID off-target mutations. Finally, we discuss how these changes could affect tumor suppressor and proto-oncogene targets and how they could be associated with disease progression. Collectively, we hope that these sections will help to better understand the complex paradox between the physiological role of AID in adaptive immunity and its potential causative activity in B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oppezzo
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hassan H, Szalat R. Genetic Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:241-254. [PMID: 33953598 PMCID: PMC8092627 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s262866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease featured by clonal plasma cell proliferation and genomic instability. The advent of next-generation sequencing allowed unraveling the complex genomic landscape of the disease. Several recurrent genomic aberrations including immunoglobulin genes translocations, copy number abnormalities, complex chromosomal events, transcriptomic and epigenomic deregulation, and mutations define various molecular subgroups with distinct outcomes. In this review, we describe the recurrent genomic events identified in MM impacting patients’ outcome and survival. These genomic aberrations constitute new markers that could be incorporated into a prognostication model to eventually guide therapy at every stage of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hassan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Szalat
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mirzaei H, Bagheri H, Ghasemi F, Khoi JM, Pourhanifeh MH, Heyden YV, Mortezapour E, Nikdasti A, Jeandet P, Khan H, Sahebkar A. Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin on Multiple Myeloma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:575-586. [PMID: 32951583 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200918113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the third most common and deadly hematological malignancy, which is characterized by a progressive monoclonal proliferation within the bone marrow. MM is cytogenetically heterogeneous with numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations, which lead to a wide spectrum of signaling pathways and cell cycle checkpoint aberrations. MM symptoms can be attributed to CRAB features (hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, and Bone lesion), which profoundly affect both the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and the life expectancy of patients. Despite all enhancement and improvement in therapeutic strategies, MM is almost incurable, and patients suffering from this disease eventually relapse. Curcumin is an active and non-toxic phenolic compound, isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. It has been widely studied and has a confirmed broad range of therapeutic properties, especially anti-cancer activity, and others, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant and anti-mutation activities. Curcumin induces apoptosis in cancerous cells and prevents Multidrug Resistance (MDR). Growing evidence concerning the therapeutic properties of curcumin caused a pharmacological impact on MM. It is confirmed that curcumin interferes with various signaling pathways and cell cycle checkpoints, and with oncogenes. In this paper, we summarized the anti- MM effects of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Yvan V Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erfan Mortezapour
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Nikdasti
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saha T, Sundaravinayagam D, Di Virgilio M. Charting a DNA Repair Roadmap for Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:184-199. [PMID: 33250286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) is the process occurring in mature B cells that diversifies the effector component of antibody responses. CSR is initiated by the activity of the B cell-specific enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which leads to the formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the Ig heavy chain (Igh) locus. Mature B cells use a multilayered and complex regulatory framework to ensure that AID-induced DNA breaks are channeled into productive repair reactions leading to CSR, and to avoid aberrant repair events causing lymphomagenic chromosomal translocations. Here, we review the DNA repair pathways acting on AID-induced DSBs and their functional interplay, with a particular focus on the latest developments in their molecular composition and mechanistic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tannishtha Saha
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Devakumar Sundaravinayagam
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- Laboratory of Genome Diversification and Integrity, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lejeune M, Köse MC, Duray E, Einsele H, Beguin Y, Caers J. Bispecific, T-Cell-Recruiting Antibodies in B-Cell Malignancies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:762. [PMID: 32457743 PMCID: PMC7221185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are designed to recognize and bind to two different antigens or epitopes. In the last few decades, BsAbs have been developed within the context of cancer therapies and in particular for the treatment of hematologic B-cell malignancies. To date, more than one hundred different BsAb formats exist, including bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and new constructs are constantly emerging. Advances in protein engineering have enabled the creation of BsAbs with specific mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Moreover, a better understanding of resistance and evasion mechanisms, as well as advances in the protein engineering and in immunology, will help generating a greater variety of BsAbs to treat various cancer types. This review focuses on T-cell-engaging BsAbs and more precisely on the various BsAb formats currently being studied in the context of B-cell malignancies, on ongoing clinical trials and on the clinical concerns to be taken into account in the development of new BsAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Lejeune
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Murat Cem Köse
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elodie Duray
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA I3, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Swenson KM, Blanchette M. Large-scale mammalian genome rearrangements coincide with chromatin interactions. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:i117-i126. [PMID: 31510664 PMCID: PMC6612848 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Genome rearrangements drastically change gene order along great stretches of a chromosome. There has been initial evidence that these apparently non-local events in the 1D sense may have breakpoints that are close in the 3D sense. We harness the power of the Double Cut and Join model of genome rearrangement, along with Hi-C chromosome conformation capture data to test this hypothesis between human and mouse. Results We devise novel statistical tests that show that indeed, rearrangement scenarios that transform the human into the mouse gene order are enriched for pairs of breakpoints that have frequent chromosome interactions. This is observed for both intra-chromosomal breakpoint pairs, as well as for inter-chromosomal pairs. For intra-chromosomal rearrangements, the enrichment exists from close (<20 Mb) to very distant (100 Mb) pairs. Further, the pattern exists across multiple cell lines in Hi-C data produced by different laboratories and at different stages of the cell cycle. We show that similarities in the contact frequencies between these many experiments contribute to the enrichment. We conclude that either (i) rearrangements usually involve breakpoints that are spatially close or (ii) there is selection against rearrangements that act on spatially distant breakpoints. Availability and implementation Our pipeline is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/thekswenson/locality. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krister M Swenson
- Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique, et de Microelectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
McBride KM, Kil H, Mu Y, Plummer JB, Lee J, Zelazowski MJ, Sebastian M, Abba MC, Aldaz CM. Wwox Deletion in Mouse B Cells Leads to Genomic Instability, Neoplastic Transformation, and Monoclonal Gammopathies. Front Oncol 2019; 9:517. [PMID: 31275852 PMCID: PMC6593956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
WWOX (WW domain containing oxidoreductase) expression loss is common in various cancers and characteristic of poor prognosis. Deletions, translocations, and loss of expression affecting the WWOX gene are a common feature of various B cell neoplasms such as certain B cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma. However, the role of this common abnormality in B cell tumor initiation and/or progression has not been defined. In this study, we conditionally deleted Wwox early in B cell development by means of breeding Cd19-Cre transgenic mice crossed to Wwox floxed mice (Cd19 Wwox KO). We observed a significant reduced survival in Cd19 Wwox KO mice and the development of B cell neoplasms including B cell lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasias characterized by increased numbers of CD138+ populations as well as monoclonal gammopathies detected by serum protein electrophoresis. To investigate whether Wwox loss could play a role in genomic instability, we analyzed DNA repair functions during immunoglobulin class switch joining between DNA segments in antibody genes. While class switch recombination (CSR) was only slightly impaired, Wwox deficiency resulted in a dramatic shift of double strand break (DSB) repair from normal classical-NHEJ toward the microhomology-mediated alternative-NHEJ pathway, a pathway associated with chromosome translocations and genome instability. Consistent with this, Wwox deficiency resulted in a marked increase of spontaneous translocations during CSR. This work defines for the first time a role for Wwox for maintaining B cell genome stability during a process that can promote neoplastic transformation and monoclonal gammopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M McBride
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Hyunsuk Kil
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Yunxiang Mu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Joshua B Plummer
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Maciej J Zelazowski
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Manu Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Martin C Abba
- School of Medicine, Center for Immunological Basic and Applied Research (CINIBA), National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Marcelo Aldaz
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krumm A, Duan Z. Understanding the 3D genome: Emerging impacts on human disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 90:62-77. [PMID: 29990539 PMCID: PMC6329682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent burst of new technologies that allow for quantitatively delineating chromatin structure has greatly expanded our understanding of how the genome is organized in the three-dimensional (3D) space of the nucleus. It is now clear that the hierarchical organization of the eukaryotic genome critically impacts nuclear activities such as transcription, replication, as well as cellular and developmental events such as cell cycle, cell fate decision and embryonic development. In this review, we discuss new insights into how the structural features of the 3D genome hierarchy are established and maintained, how this hierarchy undergoes dynamic rearrangement during normal development and how its perturbation will lead to human disease, highlighting the accumulating evidence that links the diverse 3D genome architecture components to a multitude of human diseases and the emerging mechanisms by which 3D genome derangement causes disease phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Krumm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, USA.
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pacheco-Bernal I, Becerril-Pérez F, Aguilar-Arnal L. Circadian rhythms in the three-dimensional genome: implications of chromatin interactions for cyclic transcription. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:79. [PMID: 31092281 PMCID: PMC6521413 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate crucial physiological functions and behavioral aspects around a day in almost all living forms. The circadian clock is a time tracking system that permits organisms to predict and anticipate periodic environmental fluctuations. The circadian system is hierarchically organized, and a master pacemaker located in the brain synchronizes subsidiary clocks in the rest of the organism. Adequate synchrony between central and peripheral clocks ensures fitness and potentiates a healthy state. Conversely, disruption of circadian rhythmicity is associated with metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, or cancer, amongst other pathologies. Remarkably, the molecular machinery directing circadian rhythms consists of an intricate network of feedback loops in transcription and translation which impose 24-h cycles in gene expression across all tissues. Interestingly, the molecular clock collaborates with multitude of epigenetic remodelers to fine tune transcriptional rhythms in a tissue-specific manner. Very exciting research demonstrate that three-dimensional properties of the genome have a regulatory role on circadian transcriptional rhythmicity, from bacteria to mammals. Unexpectedly, highly dynamic long-range chromatin interactions have been revealed during the circadian cycle in mammalian cells, where thousands of regulatory elements physically interact with promoter regions every 24 h. Molecular mechanisms directing circadian dynamics on chromatin folding are emerging, and the coordinated action between the core clock and epigenetic remodelers appears to be essential for these movements. These evidences reveal a critical epigenetic regulatory layer for circadian rhythms and pave the way to uncover molecular mechanisms triggering pathological states associated to circadian misalignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Pacheco-Bernal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Becerril-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iliakis G, Mladenova V, Sharif M, Chaudhary S, Mavragani IV, Soni A, Saha J, Schipler A, Mladenov E. DEFINED BIOLOGICAL MODELS OF HIGH-LET RADIATION LESIONS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:60-68. [PMID: 30566664 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) complexity is invoked to explain the increased efficacy of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Complexity is usually defined as presence of additional lesions in the immediate proximity of the DSB. DSB-clusters represent a different level of complexity that can jeopardize processing by destabilizing chromatin in the vicinity of the cluster. DSB-clusters are generated after exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR), particularly high-LET radiation, and have been considered as particularly consequential in several mathematical models of IR action. Yet, experimental demonstration of their relevance to the adverse IR effects, as well as information on the mechanisms underpinning their severity as DNA lesions is lacking. We addressed this void by developing cell lines with especially designed, multiply integrated constructs modeling defined combinations of DSB-clusters through appropriately engineered I-SceI meganuclease recognition sites. Using this model system, we demonstrate efficient activation of the DNA damage response, as well as a markedly increased potential of DSB-clusters, as compared to single-DSBs, to kill cells, and cause Parp1- dependent chromosomal translocations. We propose that DSB repair relying on first line DSB-processing pathways (canonical non-homologous end joining and to some degree homologous recombination repair) is compromised within DSB clusters, presumably through the associated chromatin destabilization, leaving alternative end joining as last option and translocation formation as a natural consequence. Our observations offer a mechanistic explanation for the increased efficacy of high-LET radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Mortoga Sharif
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Shipra Chaudhary
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Ifigeneia V Mavragani
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Aashish Soni
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Janapriya Saha
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, UT, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Agnes Schipler
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Becker JR, Cuella-Martin R, Barazas M, Liu R, Oliveira C, Oliver AW, Bilham K, Holt AB, Blackford AN, Heierhorst J, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S, Chapman JR. The ASCIZ-DYNLL1 axis promotes 53BP1-dependent non-homologous end joining and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5406. [PMID: 30559443 PMCID: PMC6297349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
53BP1 controls a specialized non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway that is essential for adaptive immunity, yet oncogenic in BRCA1 mutant cancers. Intra-chromosomal DNA double-strand break (DSB) joining events during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) require 53BP1. However, in BRCA1 mutant cells, 53BP1 blocks homologous recombination (HR) and promotes toxic NHEJ, resulting in genomic instability. Here, we identify the protein dimerization hub-DYNLL1-as an organizer of multimeric 53BP1 complexes. DYNLL1 binding stimulates 53BP1 oligomerization, and promotes 53BP1's recruitment to, and interaction with, DSB-associated chromatin. Consequently, DYNLL1 regulates 53BP1-dependent NHEJ: CSR is compromised upon deletion of Dynll1 or its transcriptional regulator Asciz, or by mutation of DYNLL1 binding motifs in 53BP1; furthermore, Brca1 mutant cells and tumours are rendered resistant to poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor treatments upon deletion of Dynll1 or Asciz. Thus, our results reveal a mechanism that regulates 53BP1-dependent NHEJ and the therapeutic response of BRCA1-deficient cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Becker
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Raquel Cuella-Martin
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marco Barazas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Liu
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Antony W Oliver
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Kirstin Bilham
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Abbey B Holt
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Andrew N Blackford
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jörg Heierhorst
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen J, Cai Z, Bai M, Yu X, Zhang C, Cao C, Hu X, Wang L, Su R, Wang D, Wang L, Yao Y, Ye R, Hou B, Yu Y, Yu S, Li J, Xue Y. The RNA-binding protein ROD1/PTBP3 cotranscriptionally defines AID-loading sites to mediate antibody class switch in mammalian genomes. Cell Res 2018; 28:981-995. [PMID: 30143796 PMCID: PMC6170407 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediates class switching by binding to a small fraction of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to diversify the antibody repertoire. The precise mechanism for highly selective AID targeting in the genome has remained elusive. Here, we report an RNA-binding protein, ROD1 (also known as PTBP3), that is both required and sufficient to define AID-binding sites genome-wide in activated B cells. ROD1 interacts with AID via an ultraconserved loop, which proves to be critical for the recruitment of AID to ssDNA using bi-directionally transcribed nascent RNAs as stepping stones. Strikingly, AID-specific mutations identified in human patients with hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2) completely disrupt the AID interacting surface with ROD1, thereby abolishing the recruitment of AID to immunoglobulin (Ig) loci. Together, our results suggest that bi-directionally transcribed RNA traps the RNA-binding protein ROD1, which serves as a guiding system for AID to load onto specific genomic loci to induce DNA rearrangement during immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaokui Cai
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Meizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Changchang Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xihao Hu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, 464000, Xinyang, China
| | - Ruibao Su
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Ye
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ghezraoui H, Oliveira C, Becker JR, Bilham K, Moralli D, Anzilotti C, Fischer R, Deobagkar-Lele M, Sanchiz-Calvo M, Fueyo-Marcos E, Bonham S, Kessler BM, Rottenberg S, Cornall RJ, Green CM, Chapman JR. 53BP1 cooperation with the REV7-shieldin complex underpins DNA structure-specific NHEJ. Nature 2018; 560:122-127. [PMID: 30046110 PMCID: PMC6989217 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
53BP1 governs a specialized, context-specific branch of the classical non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Mice lacking 53bp1 (also known as Trp53bp1) are immunodeficient owing to a complete loss of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination1,2, and reduced fidelity of long-range V(D)J recombination3. The 53BP1-dependent pathway is also responsible for pathological joining events at dysfunctional telomeres4, and its unrestricted activity in Brca1-deficient cellular and tumour models causes genomic instability and oncogenesis5-7. Cells that lack core non-homologous end joining proteins are profoundly radiosensitive8, unlike 53BP1-deficient cells9,10, which suggests that 53BP1 and its co-factors act on specific DNA substrates. Here we show that 53BP1 cooperates with its downstream effector protein REV7 to promote non-homologous end joining during class-switch recombination, but REV7 is not required for 53BP1-dependent V(D)J recombination. We identify shieldin-a four-subunit putative single-stranded DNA-binding complex comprising REV7, c20orf196 (SHLD1), FAM35A (SHLD2) and FLJ26957 (SHLD3)-as the factor that explains this specificity. Shieldin is essential for REV7-dependent DNA end-protection and non-homologous end joining during class-switch recombination, and supports toxic non-homologous end joining in Brca1-deficient cells, yet is dispensable for REV7-dependent interstrand cross-link repair. The 53BP1 pathway therefore comprises distinct double-strand break repair activities within chromatin and single-stranded DNA compartments, which explains both the immunological differences between 53bp1- and Rev7- deficient mice and the context specificity of the pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hind Ghezraoui
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan R Becker
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kirstin Bilham
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sanchiz-Calvo
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Fueyo-Marcos
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Bonham
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Diament A, Tuller T. Modeling three-dimensional genomic organization in evolution and pathogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 90:78-93. [PMID: 30030143 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is mediated via the complex three-dimensional (3D) conformation of the genetic material and its interactions with various intracellular factors. Various experimental and computational approaches have been developed in recent years for understating the relation between the 3D conformation of the genome and the phenotypes of cells in normal condition and diseases. In this review, we will discuss novel approaches for analyzing and modeling the 3D genomic conformation, focusing on deciphering disease-causing mutations that affect gene expression. We conclude that as this is a very challenging mission, an important direction should involve the comparative analysis of various 3D models from various organisms or cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Diament
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Balajee AS, Sanders JT, Golloshi R, Shuryak I, McCord RP, Dainiak N. Investigation of Spatial Organization of Chromosome Territories in Chromosome Exchange Aberrations After Ionizing Radiation Exposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:77-89. [PMID: 29787433 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order organization of the human genome is well established with chromosomes occupying distinct domains or territories in the interphase nucleus. Spatial organization of chromosome territories in the interphase nucleus occurs in a cell-type-specific manner. Since both stable and unstable aberrations induced by ionizing radiation involve the exchange of material between two or more chromosomes, this study investigated the role of spatial organization of chromosome domains in ionizing-radiation-induced chromosome translocation events. Using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, the study characterized the positioning of each human chromosome relative to its neighborhood territories in the interphase nucleus of lymphocytes and B-lymphoblastoid cells before ionizing radiation and compared this interphase positioning with the spectrum of exchanges observed after ionizing radiation in the metaphase chromosomes. In addition to multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, the genome-wide chromosome conformation capture technique (Hi-C) was also performed in mock and x-ray-irradiated human B-lymphoblastoid and fibroblast cells to characterize the interactions among chromosomes and to assess the genome reorganization changes, if any, after ionizing radiation exposure. On average, 35-50% of the total translocations induced by x rays and neutrons correlated with proximity of chromosome territories detected by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization in both lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cells. The translocation rate observed in proximally positioned chromosome territories was consistently higher than distally located territories and was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.01) in human lymphoblastoid cells after x rays. The interchromosome interaction frequencies detected by Hi-C correlate fairly well with ionizing-radiation-induced translocations detected by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, suggesting the importance of chromosome proximity effects in ionizing-radiation-induced chromosomal translocation events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Cytogenetics Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - Jacob T Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Rosela Golloshi
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Rachel Patton McCord
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Nicholas Dainiak
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Cytogenetics Biodosimetry Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Misenko SM, Patel DS, Her J, Bunting SF. DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint defects in a mouse model of 'BRCAness' are partially rescued by 53BP1 deletion. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:881-891. [PMID: 29620483 PMCID: PMC6056228 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1456295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
'BRCAness' is a term used to describe cancer cells that behave similarly to tumors with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The BRCAness phenotype is associated with hypersensitivity to chemotherapy agents including PARP inhibitors, which are a promising class of recently-licensed anti-cancer treatments. This hypersensitivity arises because of a deficiency in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway for DNA double-strand break repair. To gain further insight into how genetic modifiers of HR contribute to the BRCAness phenotype, we created a new mouse model of BRCAness by generating mice that are deficient in BLM helicase and the Exo1 exonuclease, which are involved in the early stages of HR. We find that cells lacking BLM and Exo1 exhibit a BRCAness phenotype, with diminished HR, and hypersensitivity to PARP inhibitors. We further tested how 53BP1, an important regulator of HR, affects repair efficiency in our BRCAness model. We find that deletion of 53BP1 can relieve several of the repair deficiencies observed in cells lacking BLM and Exo1, just as it does in cells lacking BRCA1. These results substantiate the importance of BRCAness as a concept for classification of cancer cases, and further clarify the role of 53BP1 in regulation of DNA repair pathway choice in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Misenko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dharm S. Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joonyoung Her
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel F. Bunting
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
53BP1 Mediates ATR-Chk1 Signaling and Protects Replication Forks under Conditions of Replication Stress. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00472-17. [PMID: 29378830 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00472-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete replication of the genome is an essential prerequisite for normal cell division, but a variety of factors can block the replisome, triggering replication stress and potentially causing mutation or cell death. The cellular response to replication stress involves recruitment of proteins to stabilize the replication fork and transmit a stress signal to pause the cell cycle and allow fork restart. We find that the ubiquitously expressed DNA damage response factor 53BP1 is required for the normal response to replication stress. Using primary, ex vivo B cells, we showed that a population of 53BP1-/- cells in early S phase is hypersensitive to short-term exposure to three different agents that induce replication stress. 53BP1 localizes to a subset of replication forks following induced replication stress, and an absence of 53BP1 leads to defective ATR-Chk1-p53 signaling and caspase 3-mediated cell death. Nascent replicated DNA additionally undergoes degradation in 53BP1-/- cells. These results show that 53BP1 plays an important role in protecting replication forks during the cellular response to replication stress, in addition to the previously characterized role of 53BP1 in DNA double-strand break repair.
Collapse
|
41
|
A licensing step links AID to transcription elongation for mutagenesis in B cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1248. [PMID: 29593215 PMCID: PMC5871760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) mutates the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes to initiate somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) in B cells, thus underpinning antibody responses. AID mutates a few hundred other loci, but most AID-occupied genes are spared. The mechanisms underlying productive deamination versus non-productive AID targeting are unclear. Here we show that three clustered arginine residues define a functional AID domain required for SHM, CSR, and off-target activity in B cells without affecting AID deaminase activity or Escherichia coli mutagenesis. Both wt AID and mutants with single amino acid replacements in this domain broadly associate with Spt5 and chromatin and occupy the promoter of AID target genes. However, mutant AID fails to occupy the corresponding gene bodies and loses association with transcription elongation factors. Thus AID mutagenic activity is determined not by locus occupancy but by a licensing mechanism, which couples AID to transcription elongation. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is important for inducing desirable mutations at the B cell receptor genes for effective antibody responses. Here the authors show that three key arginine residues of AID link AID-chromatin association with transcription elongation to license AID for specific mutagenesis in B cells.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kolovos P, Brouwer RWW, Kockx CEM, Lesnussa M, Kepper N, Zuin J, Imam AMA, van de Werken HJG, Wendt KS, Knoch TA, van IJcken WFJ, Grosveld F. Investigation of the spatial structure and interactions of the genome at sub-kilobase-pair resolution using T2C. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:459-477. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
43
|
3D Genome Organization Influences the Chromosome Translocation Pattern. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1044:113-133. [PMID: 29956294 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent imaging, molecular, and computational modeling studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge of how eukaryotic chromosomes are folded in the nuclear space. This work has begun to reveal how 3D genome structure contributes to various DNA-mediated metabolic activities such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. Failure of proper DNA repair can lead to the chromosomal translocations observed in human cancers and other diseases. Questions about the role of 3D genome structure in translocation mechanisms have interested scientists for decades. Recent applications of imaging and Chromosome Conformation Capture approaches have clarified the influence of proximal positioning of chromosomal domains and gene loci on the formation of chromosomal translocations. These approaches have revealed the importance of 3D genome structure not only in translocation partner selection, but also in repair efficiency, likelihood of DNA damage, and the biological implications of translocations. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of the role of 3D genome structure in chromosome translocation formation and its potential implications in disease outcome.
Collapse
|
44
|
Processing-Challenges Generated by Clusters of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Underpin Increased Effectiveness of High-LET Radiation and Chromothripsis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1044:149-168. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0593-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
45
|
El-Amine R, Germini D, Zakharova VV, Tsfasman T, Sheval EV, Louzada RAN, Dupuy C, Bilhou-Nabera C, Hamade A, Najjar F, Oksenhendler E, Lipinski M, Chernyak BV, Vassetzky YS. HIV-1 Tat protein induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood B-lymphocytes via mitochondrial ROS production. Redox Biol 2017; 15:97-108. [PMID: 29220699 PMCID: PMC5725280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with B-cell malignancies in patients though HIV-1 is not able to infect B-cells. The rate of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-infected individuals remains high even under the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) that reconstitutes the immune function. Thus, the contribution of HIV-1 to B-cell oncogenesis remains enigmatic. HIV-1 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in infected cells via multiple mechanisms, including viral Tat protein. We have detected elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in B-cells of HIV-infected individuals. As Tat is present in blood of infected individuals and is able to transduce cells, we hypothesized that it could induce oxidative DNA damage in B-cells promoting genetic instability and malignant transformation. Indeed, incubation of B-cells isolated from healthy donors with purified Tat protein led to oxidative stress, a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels, DNA damage and appearance of chromosomal aberrations. The effects of Tat relied on its transcriptional activity and were mediated by NF-κB activation. Tat stimulated oxidative stress in B-cells mostly via mitochondrial ROS production which depended on the reverse electron flow in Complex I of respiratory chain. We propose that Tat-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations are novel oncogenic factors favoring B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1 infected individuals. B-cells of HIV-infected individuals exhibit elevated levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Purified HIV-1 Tat protein reproduces this effect and induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in B-cells. HIV-1 Tat induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and activates NF-kB in B-cells. This condition increases the risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities and translocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan El-Amine
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; Doctoral school of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II/Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II/EDST, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vlada V Zakharova
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Tsfasman
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruy A N Louzada
- UMR 8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- UMR 8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Chrystèle Bilhou-Nabera
- Biological Hematology Service-U.F. of Onco-Hematology Cytogenetics-Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Aline Hamade
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II/Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II/EDST, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marс Lipinski
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Chernyak
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mu Y, Zelazowska MA, McBride KM. Phosphorylation promotes activation-induced cytidine deaminase activity at the Myc oncogene. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3543-3552. [PMID: 29122947 PMCID: PMC5716038 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate AID mutator activity at off-target genes are not well characterized. Mu et al. show AID phosphorylation dynamically controls activity at Myc and other sites. Pharmacological induction of AID phosphorylation leads to increased mutations, double strand breakss and translocations. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a mutator enzyme that targets immunoglobulin (Ig) genes to initiate antibody somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). Off-target AID association also occurs, which causes oncogenic mutations and chromosome rearrangements. However, AID occupancy does not directly correlate with DNA damage, suggesting that factors beyond AID association contribute to mutation targeting. CSR and SHM are regulated by phosphorylation on AID serine38 (pS38), but the role of pS38 in off-target activity has not been evaluated. We determined that lithium, a clinically used therapeutic, induced high AID pS38 levels. Using lithium and an AID-S38 phospho mutant, we compared the role of pS38 in AID activity at the Ig switch region and off-target Myc gene. We found that deficient pS38 abated AID chromatin association and CSR but not mutation at Myc. Enhanced pS38 elevated Myc translocation and mutation frequency but not CSR or Ig switch region mutation. Thus, AID activity can be differentially targeted by phosphorylation to induce oncogenic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Mu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX
| | - Monika A Zelazowska
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX
| | - Kevin M McBride
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Le Noir S, Laffleur B, Carrion C, Garot A, Lecardeur S, Pinaud E, Denizot Y, Skok J, Cogné M. The IgH locus 3' cis-regulatory super-enhancer co-opts AID for allelic transvection. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12929-12940. [PMID: 28088785 PMCID: PMC5355067 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) alleles have ambivalent relationships: they feature both allelic exclusion, ensuring monoallelic expression of a single immunoglobulin (Ig) allele, and frequent inter-allelic class-switch recombination (CSR) reassembling genes from both alleles. The IgH locus 3' regulatory region (3'RR) includes several transcriptional cis-enhancers promoting activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent somatic hypermutation (SHM) and CSR, and altogether behaves as a strong super-enhancer. It can also promote deregulated expression of translocated oncogenes during lymphomagenesis. Besides these rare, illegitimate and pathogenic interactions, we now show that under physiological conditions, the 3'RR super-enhancer supports not only legitimate cis- , but also trans-recruitment of AID, contributing to IgH inter-allelic proximity and enabling the super-enhancer on one allele to stimulate biallelic SHM and CSR. Such inter-allelic activating interactions define transvection, a phenomenon well-known in drosophila but rarely observed in mammalian cells, now appearing as a unique feature of the IgH 3'RR super-enhancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Le Noir
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Brice Laffleur
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Carrion
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Armand Garot
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Lecardeur
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Eric Pinaud
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Yves Denizot
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| | - Jane Skok
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Cogné
- UMR 7276 CNRS and Université de Limoges: Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoprolifération, Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Portuguez AS, Schwartz M, Siersbaek R, Nielsen R, Sung MH, Mandrup S, Kaplan T, Hakim O. Hierarchical role for transcription factors and chromatin structure in genome organization along adipogenesis. FEBS J 2017; 284:3230-3244. [PMID: 28755519 PMCID: PMC5626622 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The three dimensional folding of mammalian genomes is cell type specific and difficult to alter suggesting that it is an important component of gene regulation. However, given the multitude of chromatin-associating factors, the mechanisms driving the colocalization of active chromosomal domains and the role of this organization in regulating the transcription program in adipocytes are not clear. Analysis of genome-wide chromosomal associations revealed cell type-specific spatial clustering of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. Time course analysis demonstrated that the adipogenic 'hub', sampled by PPARγ and Lpin1, undergoes orchestrated reorganization during adipogenesis. Coupling the dynamics of genome architecture with multiple chromatin datasets indicated that among all the transcription factors (TFs) tested, RXR is central to genome reorganization at the beginning of adipogenesis. Interestingly, at the end of differentiation, the adipogenic hub was shifted to an H3K27me3-repressive environment in conjunction with attenuation of gene transcription. We propose a stage-specific hierarchy for the activity of TFs contributing to the establishment of an adipogenic genome architecture that brings together the adipogenic genetic program. In addition, the repositioning of this network in a H3K27me3-rich environment at the end of differentiation may contribute to the stabilization of gene transcription levels and reduce the developmental plasticity of these specialized cells. DATABASE All sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited at GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) (GSE92475).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avital Sarusi Portuguez
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michal Schwartz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rasmus Siersbaek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Myong-Hee Sung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ofir Hakim
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Patel DS, Misenko SM, Her J, Bunting SF. BLM helicase regulates DNA repair by counteracting RAD51 loading at DNA double-strand break sites. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3521-3534. [PMID: 28912125 PMCID: PMC5674892 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The BLM gene product, BLM, is a RECQ helicase that is involved in DNA replication and repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. During HR, BLM has both pro- and anti-recombinogenic activities, either of which may contribute to maintenance of genomic integrity. We find that in cells expressing a mutant version of BRCA1, an essential HR factor, ablation of BLM rescues genomic integrity and cell survival in the presence of DNA double-strand breaks. Improved genomic integrity in these cells is linked to a substantial increase in the stability of RAD51 at DNA double-strand break sites and in the overall efficiency of HR. Ablation of BLM also rescues RAD51 foci and HR in cells lacking BRCA2 or XRCC2. These results indicate that the anti-recombinase activity of BLM is of general importance for normal retention of RAD51 at DNA break sites and regulation of HR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharm S Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sarah M Misenko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Joonyoung Her
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Samuel F Bunting
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bahjat M, Guikema JEJ. The Complex Interplay between DNA Injury and Repair in Enzymatically Induced Mutagenesis and DNA Damage in B Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091876. [PMID: 28867784 PMCID: PMC5618525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are endowed with unique and specialized enzymatic mutagenic properties that allow them to diversify their antigen receptors, which are crucial sensors for pathogens and mediators of adaptive immunity. During lymphocyte development, the antigen receptors expressed by B and T lymphocytes are assembled in an antigen-independent fashion by ordered variable gene segment recombinations (V(D)J recombination), which is a highly ordered and regulated process that requires the recombination activating gene products 1 & 2 (RAG1, RAG2). Upon activation by antigen, B lymphocytes undergo additional diversifications of their immunoglobulin B-cell receptors. Enzymatically induced somatic hypermutation (SHM) and immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) improves the affinity for antigen and shape the effector function of the humoral immune response, respectively. The activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme is crucial for both SHM and CSR. These processes have evolved to both utilize as well as evade different DNA repair and DNA damage response pathways. The delicate balance between enzymatic mutagenesis and DNA repair is crucial for effective immune responses and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Not surprisingly, disturbances in this balance are at the basis of lymphoid malignancies by provoking the formation of oncogenic mutations and chromosomal aberrations. In this review, we discuss recent mechanistic insight into the regulation of RAG1/2 and AID expression and activity in lymphocytes and the complex interplay between these mutagenic enzymes and DNA repair and DNA damage response pathways, focusing on the base excision repair and mismatch repair pathways. We discuss how disturbances of this interplay induce genomic instability and contribute to oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoush Bahjat
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|