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Ladstädter F, Steiner AK, Gleisner H. Resolving the 21st century temperature trends of the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere with satellite observations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1306. [PMID: 36693881 PMCID: PMC9873623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, observational information about atmospheric temperature has been limited due to a lack of suitable measurements. Recent advances in satellite observations provide new insight into the fine structure of the free atmosphere, with the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere comprising essential components of the climate system. This is a prerequisite for understanding the complex processes of this part of the atmosphere, which is also known to have a large impact on surface climate. With unprecedented resolution, latest climate observations reveal a dramatic warming of the atmosphere. The tropical upper troposphere has already warmed about 1 K during the first two decades of the 21st century. The tropospheric warming extends into the lower stratosphere in the tropics and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes, forming a prominent hemispheric asymmetry in the temperature trend structure. Together with seasonal trend patterns in the stratosphere, this indicates a possible change in stratospheric circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ladstädter
- grid.5110.50000000121539003Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea K. Steiner
- grid.5110.50000000121539003Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Gleisner
- grid.14170.33Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role.
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Abstract
The launch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/ National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and its follow-on NOAA Joint Polar Satellite Systems (JPSS) satellites marks the beginning of a new era of operational satellite observations of the Earth and atmosphere for environmental applications with high spatial resolution and sampling rate. The S-NPP and JPSS are equipped with five instruments, each with advanced design in Earth sampling, including the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES). Among them, the ATMS is the new generation of microwave sounder measuring temperature profiles from the surface to the upper stratosphere and moisture profiles from the surface to the upper troposphere, while CrIS is the first of a series of advanced operational hyperspectral sounders providing more accurate atmospheric and moisture sounding observations with higher vertical resolution for weather and climate applications. The OMPS instrument measures solar backscattered ultraviolet to provide information on the concentrations of ozone in the Earth’s atmosphere, and VIIRS provides global observations of a variety of essential environmental variables over the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and ocean with visible and infrared imagery. The CERES instrument measures the solar energy reflected by the Earth, the longwave radiative emission from the Earth, and the role of cloud processes in the Earth’s energy balance. Presently, observations from several instruments on S-NPP and JPSS-1 (re-named NOAA-20 after launch) provide near real-time monitoring of the environmental changes and improve weather forecasting by assimilation into numerical weather prediction models. Envisioning the need for consistencies in satellite retrievals, improving climate reanalyses, development of climate data records, and improving numerical weather forecasting, the NOAA/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) has been reprocessing the S-NPP observations for ATMS, CrIS, OMPS, and VIIRS through their life cycle. This article provides a summary of the instrument observing principles, data characteristics, reprocessing approaches, calibration algorithms, and validation results of the reprocessed sensor data records. The reprocessing generated consistent Level-1 sensor data records using unified and consistent calibration algorithms for each instrument that removed artificial jumps in data owing to operational changes, instrument anomalies, contaminations by anomaly views of the environment or spacecraft, and other causes. The reprocessed sensor data records were compared with and validated against other observations for a consistency check whenever such data were available. The reprocessed data will be archived in the NOAA data center with the same format as the operational data and technical support for data requests. Such a reprocessing is expected to improve the efficiency of the use of the S-NPP and JPSS satellite data and the accuracy of the observed essential environmental variables through either consistent satellite retrievals or use of the reprocessed data in numerical data assimilations.
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Homogeneity of the Temperature Data Series from ERA5 and MERRA2 and Temperature Trends. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The stratosphere and its dynamics are a very important part of atmospheric circulation. We need to analyze its climatology, as well as long-term trends. A long-term trend study needs homogenous datasets without significant artificial discontinuities. The analysis is based on the two newest released reanalyses, Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis (MERRA2) and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Reanalysis (ERA5). The aim of this study is to detect discontinuities in the temperature time series from the above reanalyses with the help of the Pettitt homogeneity test for pressure layers above 500 hPa up to 1 hPa in January and February, and show a comparison of temperature trends from the studied reanalyses and GPS radio occultation (GPS RO). We search for individual grid points where these discontinuities occur, and also for the years when they occur (geographical and temporal distribution). As expected, the study confirms better results for the Northern Hemisphere due to the denser data coverage. A high number of grid points with jumps on the Southern Hemisphere is found, especially at higher pressure levels (from 50 hPa). The spatial and vertical distribution of discontinuities is also presented. The vertical distribution reveals the reduction of the number of jumps around 10 hPa, especially for ERA5 reanalysis. The results show that ERA5 has significantly less jumps than MERRA2. We also study temperature trends from reanalyses and GPS RO and our analysis shows that the agreement between the reanalyses and observations are very good for the period 2006–2018.
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Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis of Global Methane and Temperature. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multifractal Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (MF-DCCA) was applied to time series of global methane concentrations and remotely-sensed temperature anomalies of the global lower and mid-troposphere, with the purpose of investigating the multifractal characteristics of their cross-correlated time series and examining their interaction in terms of nonlinear analysis. The findings revealed the multifractal nature of the cross-correlated time series and the existence of positive persistence. It was also found that the cross-correlation in the lower troposphere displayed more abundant multifractal characteristics when compared to the mid-troposphere. The source of multifractality in both cases was found to be mainly the dependence of long-range correlations on different fluctuation magnitudes. Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) was also applied to the time series of global methane and global lower and mid-tropospheric temperature anomalies to separately study their multifractal properties. From the results, it was found that the cross-correlated time series exhibit similar multifractal characteristics to the component time series. This could be another sign of the dynamic interaction between the two climate variables.
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Ji D, Xue R, Zhou M, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Zang L. Preparation and photocatalytic performance of tungstovanadophosphoric heteropoly acid salts. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18320-18325. [PMID: 35515250 PMCID: PMC9064807 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungstovanadophosphoric heteropoly acid H5PW10V2O40·5.76H2O (HPWV) has been synthesized via stepwise acidification and gradual addition of elements. Some metals like Fe, Al and Cu were introduced into the heteropoly acid (HPA) in the molar ratio of 10 : 6, 10 : 6 and 10 : 4 respectively. The prepared catalysts were characterized by UV, FTIR, TG/DTA and XRD. The results indicated that HPWV and its metal salts all contain Keggin units, which are the primary structures of the heteropoly acids. The homogeneous photocatalytic degradation of phenol by heteropoly acid salts was studied in detail under artificial UV irradiation and addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the effects of initial phenol and H2O2 concentrations on the rate of photocatalytic phenol degradation were examined. The results suggested that the heteropoly acid salts showed good catalytic activities for phenol degradation via the ·OH radical mechanism. Under irradiation with a 10 W Hg lamp, 96% phenol was degraded within less than 60 min in the solution containing 50 mg L−1 phenol + 2 μmol L−1 Fe5(PW10V2O40)3 + 4 μmol L−1 H2O2, with the performance of the catalysts in order FePWV > AlPWV > CuPWV > HPWV. This work demonstrated that the photo-Fenton reaction catalyzed by the heteropoly acid salts was a promising advanced oxidation tool for the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater. Tungstovanadophosphoric heteropoly acid H5PW10V2O40·5.76H2O (HPWV) has been synthesized via stepwise acidification and gradual addition of elements.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science)
- Jinan
- China 250353
- Huatai Group
| | - Rong Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science)
- Jinan
- China 250353
| | - Maojuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science)
- Jinan
- China 250353
| | - Ying Zhu
- Advanced Material Institute
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science)
- Jinan
- China 250014
| | | | - Lihua Zang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science)
- Jinan
- China 250353
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Maycock AC, Randel WJ, Steiner AK, Karpechko AY, Cristy J, Saunders R, Thompson DWJ, Zou CZ, Chrysanthou A, Abraham NL, Akiyoshi H, Archibald AT, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Deushi M, Dhomse S, Di Genova G, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Kirner O, Ladstädter F, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Connor FO, Oman L, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Stenke A, Visioni D, Yamashita Y, Zeng G. Revisiting the mystery of recent stratospheric temperature trends. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 45:9919-9933. [PMID: 32742043 PMCID: PMC7394187 DOI: 10.1029/2018gl078035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simulated stratospheric temperatures over the period 1979-2016 in models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) are compared with recently updated and extended satellite observations. The multi-model mean global temperature trends over 1979- 2005 are -0.88 ± 0.23, -0.70 ± 0.16, and -0.50 ± 0.12 K decade-1 for the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) channels 3 (~40-50 km), 2 (~35-45 km), and 1 (~25-35 km), respectively. These are within the uncertainty bounds of the observed temperature trends from two reprocessed satellite datasets. In the lower stratosphere, the multi-model mean trend in global temperature for the Microwave Sounding Unit channel 4 (~13-22 km) is -0.25 ± 0.12 K decade-1 over 1979-2005, consistent with estimates from three versions of this satellite record. The simulated stratospheric temperature trends in CCMI models over 1979-2005 agree with the previous generation of chemistry-climate models. The models and an extended satellite dataset of SSU with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A show weaker global stratospheric cooling over 1998-2016 compared to the period of intensive ozone depletion (1979-1997). This is due to the reduction in ozone-induced cooling from the slow-down of ozone trends and the onset of ozone recovery since the late 1990s. In summary, the results show much better consistency between simulated and satellite observed stratospheric temperature trends than was reported by Thompson et al. (2012) for the previous versions of the SSU record and chemistry-climate models. The improved agreement mainly comes from updates to the satellite records; the range of simulated trends is comparable to the previous generation of models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J. Randel
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling
Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Andrea K. Steiner
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of
Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and
Meteorology/Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - John Cristy
- Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in
Huntsville, USA
| | | | | | - Cheng-Zhi Zou
- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration,
Washington, USA
| | | | - N. Luke Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, U.K
| | - Hiderahu Akiyoshi
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National
Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Alex T. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, U.K
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, U.K
| | | | | | - Martin Dameris
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR),
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Sandip Dhomse
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds,
UK
| | | | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR),
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Douglas E. Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling
Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
| | - Oliver Kirner
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Ladstädter
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of
Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and
Meteorology/Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
(NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Luke Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA
| | - Giovanni Pitari
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences,
Università dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - David A. Plummer
- Climate Research Branch, Environment and Climate Change
Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura E. Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of
Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World
Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Stenke
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH
Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Visioni
- Center of Excellence CETEMPS, Università
dell’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences,
Università dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
(NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
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8
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Aquila V, Swartz WH, Waugh DW, Colarco PR, Pawson S, Polvani LM, Stolarski RS. Isolating the roles of different forcing agents in global stratospheric temperature changes using model integrations with incrementally added single forcings. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:8067-8082. [PMID: 29593948 PMCID: PMC5868970 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Satellite instruments show a cooling of global stratospheric temperatures over the whole data record (1979-2014). This cooling is not linear, and includes two descending steps in the early 1980s and mid-1990s. The 1979-1995 period is characterized by increasing concentrations of ozone depleting substances (ODS) and by the two major volcanic eruptions of El Chichón (1982) and Mount Pinatubo (1991). The 1995-present period is characterized by decreasing ODS concentrations and by the absence of major volcanic eruptions. Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations increase over the whole time period. In order to isolate the roles of different forcing agents in the global stratospheric temperature changes, we performed a set of AMIP-style simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM). We find that in our model simulations the cooling of the stratosphere from 1979 to present is mostly driven by changes in GHG concentrations in the middle and upper stratosphere and by GHG and ODS changes in the lower stratosphere. While the cooling trend caused by increasing GHGs is roughly constant over the satellite era, changing ODS concentrations cause a significant stratospheric cooling only up to the mid-1990s, when they start to decrease because of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol. Sporadic volcanic events and the solar cycle have a distinct signature in the time series of stratospheric temperature anomalies but do not play a statistically significant role in the long-term trends from 1979 to 2014. Several factors combine to produce the step-like behavior in the stratospheric temperatures: in the lower stratosphere, the flattening starting in the mid 1990's is due to the decrease in ozone depleting substances; Mount Pinatubo and the solar cycle cause the abrupt steps through the aerosol-associated warming and the volcanically induced ozone depletion. In the middle and upper stratosphere, changes in solar irradiance are largely responsible for the step-like behavior of global temperatures anomalies, together with volcanically induced ozone depletion and water vapor increases in the post-Pinatubo years.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aquila
- Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR), Columbia, MD
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Baltimore, MD
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Code 614), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - W H Swartz
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD
| | - D W Waugh
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - P R Colarco
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Code 614), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - S Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | | | - R S Stolarski
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Baltimore, MD
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Keckhut P, Hauchecorne A, Funatsu B, Khaykin S, Mze N, Claud C, Angot G. Temperature Climatology with Rayleigh Lidar Above Observatory of Haute-Provence: Dynamical Feedback. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611913009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Use of SSU/MSU Satellite Observations to Validate Upper Atmospheric Temperature Trends in CMIP5 Simulations. REMOTE SENSING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Robust Hadley Circulation changes and increasing global dryness due to CO2 warming from CMIP5 model projections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3630-5. [PMID: 25713344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418682112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate changes in the Hadley Circulation (HC) and their connections to increased global dryness (suppressed rainfall and reduced tropospheric relative humidity) under CO2 warming from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model projections. We find a strengthening of the HC manifested in a "deep-tropics squeeze" (DTS), i.e., a deepening and narrowing of the convective zone, enhanced ascent, increased high clouds, suppressed low clouds, and a rise of the level of maximum meridional mass outflow in the upper troposphere (200-100 hPa) of the deep tropics. The DTS induces atmospheric moisture divergence and reduces tropospheric relative humidity in the tropics and subtropics, in conjunction with a widening of the subsiding branches of the HC, resulting in increased frequency of dry events in preferred geographic locations worldwide. Among various water-cycle parameters examined, global dryness is found to have the highest signal-to-noise ratio. Our results provide a physical basis for inferring that greenhouse warming is likely to contribute to the observed prolonged droughts worldwide in recent decades.
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13
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Keckhut P, Funatsu BM, Claud C, Hauchecorne A. Tidal effects on stratospheric temperature series derived from successive advanced microwave sounding units. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 141:477-483. [PMID: 26300563 PMCID: PMC4540154 DOI: 10.1002/qj.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric temperature series derived from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on board successive NOAA satellites reveal, during periods of overlap, some bias and drifts. Part of the reason for these discrepancies could be atmospheric tides as the orbits of these satellites drifted, inducing large changes in the actual times of measurement. NOAA 15 and 16, which exhibit a long period of overlap, allow deriving diurnal tides that can correct such temperature drifts. The characteristics of the derived diurnal tides during summer periods is in good agreement with those calculated with the Global Scale Wave Model, indicating that most of the observed drifts are likely due to the atmospheric tides. Cooling can be biased by a factor of 2, if times of measurement are not considered. When diurnal tides are considered, trends derived from temperature lidar series are in good agreement with AMSU series. Future adjustments of temperature time series based on successive AMSU instruments will require considering corrections associated with the local times of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Keckhut
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS UMR 8190, Université de Versailles Saint-QuentinGuyancourt, France
| | - B M Funatsu
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS UMR 8190, Université de Versailles Saint-QuentinGuyancourt, France
- LETG-Rennes COSTEL, CNRS UMR 6554, Université Rennes 2Rennes, France
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS UMR 8539, IPSL, Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseau, France
| | - C Claud
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS UMR 8539, IPSL, Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseau, France
| | - A Hauchecorne
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS UMR 8190, Université de Versailles Saint-QuentinGuyancourt, France
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14
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Bais AF, McKenzie RL, Bernhard G, Aucamp PJ, Ilyas M, Madronich S, Tourpali K. Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:19-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Percentage changes in the UV Index (UVI) for 2090 relative to 2015 due to changes in ozone (left) and aerosols (right) only. Large decreases are projected over Antarctica due to stratospheric ozone recovery. Increases are projected for parts of Asia due to decreases in aerosols, partly reversing the possible large reductions in UVI after the 1950s.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Bais
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - R. L. McKenzie
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
- PB 50061 Omakau, Central Otago
- New Zealand
| | | | - P. J. Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Management Consultants
- Faerie Glen
- South Africa
| | - M. Ilyas
- School of Environmental Engineering
- University Malaysia Perlis
- Kangar
- Malaysia
| | - S. Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research
- Boulder
- USA
| | - K. Tourpali
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
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