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Ding W, Grefe S, Paschen S, Si Q. Anomalous Hall Effect and Quantum Criticality in Geometrically Frustrated Heavy Fermion Metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:106504. [PMID: 39303255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the heavy-fermion pyrochlore iridate (Pr_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7}) point to the role of time-reversal-symmetry breaking in geometrically frustrated Kondo lattices. Here, we address the effect of Kondo coupling and chiral spin liquids in a J_{1}-J_{2} model on a square lattice and a model on a kagome lattice via a large-N method, based on a fermionic representation of the spin operators, and consider a new mechanism for anomalous Hall effect for the chiral phases. We calculate the anomalous Hall response for the chiral states of both the Kondo destroyed and Kondo screened phases. Across the quantum critical point, the anomalous Hall coefficient jumps when a sudden reconstruction of Fermi surfaces occurs. We discuss the implications of our results for the heavy-fermion pyrochlore iridate and propose an interface structure based on Kondo insulators to explore such effects further.
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2
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Kornjača M, Flint R. Algebraic Hastatic Order in One-Dimensional Two-Channel Kondo Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:026503. [PMID: 39073977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.026503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The two-channel Kondo lattice likely hosts a rich array of phases, including hastatic order, a channel symmetry breaking heavy Fermi liquid. We revisit its one-dimensional phase diagram using density matrix renormalization group and, in contrast to previous work, find algebraic hastatic orders generically for stronger couplings. These are heavy Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids with nonanalyticities at Fermi vectors captured by hastatic density waves. We also find a predicted additional nonlocal order parameter due to interference between hastatic spinors, not present at large N, and residual repulsive interactions at strong coupling suggesting non-Fermi-liquid physics in higher dimensions.
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3
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Herrera E, Guillamón I, Barrena V, Herrera WJ, Galvis JA, Yeyati AL, Rusz J, Oppeneer PM, Knebel G, Brison JP, Flouquet J, Aoki D, Suderow H. Quantum-well states at the surface of a heavy-fermion superconductor. Nature 2023; 616:465-469. [PMID: 36949204 PMCID: PMC10115632 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic states at surfaces are often observed in simple wide-band metals such as Cu or Ag (refs. 1-4). Confinement by closed geometries at the nanometre scale, such as surface terraces, leads to quantized energy levels formed from the surface band, in stark contrast to the continuous energy dependence of bulk electron bands2,5-10. Their energy-level separation is typically hundreds of meV (refs. 3,6,11). In a distinct class of materials, strong electronic correlations lead to so-called heavy fermions with a strongly reduced bandwidth and exotic bulk ground states12,13. Quantum-well states in two-dimensional heavy fermions (2DHFs) remain, however, notoriously difficult to observe because of their tiny energy separation. Here we use millikelvin scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to study atomically flat terraces on U-terminated surfaces of the heavy-fermion superconductor URu2Si2, which exhibits a mysterious hidden-order (HO) state below 17.5 K (ref. 14). We observe 2DHFs made of 5f electrons with an effective mass 17 times the free electron mass. The 2DHFs form quantized states separated by a fraction of a meV and their level width is set by the interaction with correlated bulk states. Edge states on steps between terraces appear along one of the two in-plane directions, suggesting electronic symmetry breaking at the surface. Our results propose a new route to realize quantum-well states in strongly correlated quantum materials and to explore how these connect to the electronic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas y Altos Campos Magnéticos, Unidad Asociada UAM/CSIC, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Guillamón
- Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas y Altos Campos Magnéticos, Unidad Asociada UAM/CSIC, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Barrena
- Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas y Altos Campos Magnéticos, Unidad Asociada UAM/CSIC, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - William J Herrera
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jose Augusto Galvis
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Central, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfredo Levy Yeyati
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ján Rusz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter M Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georg Knebel
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble-INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Pascal Brison
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble-INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Flouquet
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble-INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, France
| | - Dai Aoki
- Institute for Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Oarai, Japan
| | - Hermann Suderow
- Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas y Altos Campos Magnéticos, Unidad Asociada UAM/CSIC, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Pourovskii LV, Khmelevskyi S. Hidden order and multipolar exchange striction in a correlated f-electron system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025317118. [PMID: 33795518 PMCID: PMC8040619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025317118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of order in low-temperature phases of some materials is not directly seen by experiment. Such "hidden orders" (HOs) may inspire decades of research to identify the mechanism underlying those exotic states of matter. In insulators, HO phases originate in degenerate many-electron states on localized f or d shells that may harbor high-rank multipole moments. Coupled by intersite exchange, those moments form a vast space of competing order parameters. Here, we show how the ground-state order and magnetic excitations of a prototypical HO system, neptunium dioxide NpO2, can be fully described by a low-energy Hamiltonian derived by a many-body ab initio force theorem method. Superexchange interactions between the lowest crystal-field quadruplet of Np4+ ions induce a primary noncollinear order of time-odd rank 5 (triakontadipolar) moments with a secondary quadrupole order preserving the cubic symmetry of NpO2 Our study also reveals an unconventional multipolar exchange striction mechanism behind the anomalous volume contraction of the NpO2 HO phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V Pourovskii
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France;
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergii Khmelevskyi
- Research Center for Computational Materials Science and Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Mydosh JA, Oppeneer PM, Riseborough PS. Hidden order and beyond: an experimental-theoretical overview of the multifaceted behavior of URu 2Si 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:143002. [PMID: 31801118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5eba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This topical review describes the multitude of unconventional behaviors in the hidden order, heavy fermion, antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases of the intermetallic compound URu2Si2 when tuned with pressure, magnetic field, and substitutions for all three elements. Such 'perturbations' result in a variety of new phases beyond the mysterious hidden order that are only now being slowly understood through a series of state-of-the-science experimentation, along with an array of novel theoretical approaches. Despite all these efforts spanning more than 30 years, hidden order (HO) remains puzzling and non-clarified, and the search continues in 2019 into a fourth decade for its final resolution. Here we attempt to update the present situation of URu2Si2 importing the latest experimental results and theoretical proposals. First, let us consider the pristine compound as a function of temperature and report the recent measurements and models relating to its heavy Fermi liquid crossover, its HO and superconductivity (SC). Recent experiments and theories are surmized that address four-fold symmetry breaking (or nematicity), Isingness and unconventional excitation modes. Second, we review the pressure dependence of URu2Si2 and its transformation to antiferromagnetic long-range order. Next we confront the dramatic high magnetic-field phases requiring fields above 40 T. And finally, we attempt to answer how does random substitutions of other 5f elements for U, and 3d, 4d, and 5d elements for Ru, and even P for Si affect and transform the HO. Commensurately, recent theoretical models are summarized and then related to the intriguing experimental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mydosh
- Institute Lorentz and Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Ghosh S, Matty M, Baumbach R, Bauer ED, Modic KA, Shekhter A, Mydosh JA, Kim EA, Ramshaw BJ. One-component order parameter in URu 2Si 2 uncovered by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4074. [PMID: 32181367 PMCID: PMC7060057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The unusual correlated state that emerges in URu2Si2 below T HO = 17.5 K is known as "hidden order" because even basic characteristics of the order parameter, such as its dimensionality (whether it has one component or two), are "hidden." We use resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to measure the symmetry-resolved elastic anomalies across T HO. We observe no anomalies in the shear elastic moduli, providing strong thermodynamic evidence for a one-component order parameter. We develop a machine learning framework that reaches this conclusion directly from the raw data, even in a crystal that is too small for traditional resonant ultrasound. Our result rules out a broad class of theories of hidden order based on two-component order parameters, and constrains the nature of the fluctuations from which unconventional superconductivity emerges at lower temperature. Our machine learning framework is a powerful new tool for classifying the ubiquitous competing orders in correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Ghosh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael Matty
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ryan Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Eric D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - K. A. Modic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Arkady Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - J. A. Mydosh
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory and Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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7
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Yamane Y, Onimaru T, Wakiya K, Matsumoto KT, Umeo K, Takabatake T. Single-Site Non-Fermi-Liquid Behaviors in a Diluted 4f^{2} System Y_{1-x}Pr_{x}Ir_{2}Zn_{20}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:077206. [PMID: 30169096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.077206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrical resistivity ρ(T) and specific heat C(T) measurements have been made on the diluted 4f^{2} system Y(Pr)Ir_{2}Zn_{20}. Both data of ρ and magnetic specific heat C_{m} per Pr ion are well scaled as a function of T/T_{0}, where T_{0} is a characteristic temperature of non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behaviors. Furthermore, the temperature dependences of ρ and C_{m}/T agree with the NFL behaviors predicted by the two-channel Kondo model for the strong coupling limit. Therefore, we infer that the observed NFL behaviors result from the single-site quadrupole Kondo effect due to the hybridization of the 4f^{2} states with multichannel conduction electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamane
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - T Onimaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - K Wakiya
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - K T Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - K Umeo
- Cryogenic and Instrumental Analysis Division, N-BARD, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T Takabatake
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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8
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Unraveling 5f-6d hybridization in uranium compounds via spin-resolved L-edge spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1203. [PMID: 29084943 PMCID: PMC5662594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted character of 5f electrons in actinide materials, from localized to itinerant and in between, together with their complex interactions with 6d and other conduction electron states, has thwarted efforts for fully understanding this class of compounds. While theoretical efforts abound, direct experimental probes of relevant electronic states and their hybridization are limited. Here we exploit the presence of sizable quadrupolar and dipolar contributions in the uranium L3-edge X-ray absorption cross section to provide unique information on the extent of spin-polarized hybridization between 5f and 6d electronic states by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. As a result, we show how this 5f-6d hybridization regulates the magnetism of each sublattice in UCu2Si2 and UMn2Si2 compounds, demonstrating the potentiality of this methodology to investigate a plethora of magnetic actinide compounds.
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9
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Morr DK. Theory of scanning tunneling spectroscopy: from Kondo impurities to heavy fermion materials. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:014502. [PMID: 27823990 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/014502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Kondo systems ranging from the single Kondo impurity to heavy fermion materials present us with a plethora of unconventional properties whose theoretical understanding is still one of the major open problems in condensed matter physics. Over the last few years, groundbreaking scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) experiments have provided unprecedented new insight into the electronic structure of Kondo systems. Interpreting the results of these experiments-the differential conductance and the quasi-particle interference spectrum-however, has been complicated by the fact that electrons tunneling from the STS tip into the system can tunnel either into the heavy magnetic moment or the light conduction band states. In this article, we briefly review the theoretical progress made in understanding how quantum interference between these two tunneling paths affects the experimental STS results. We show how this theoretical insight has allowed us to interpret the results of STS experiments on a series of heavy fermion materials providing detailed knowledge of their complex electronic structure. It is this knowledge that is a conditio sine qua non for developing a deeper understanding of the fascinating properties exhibited by heavy fermion materials, ranging from unconventional superconductivity to non-Fermi-liquid behavior in the vicinity of quantum critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk K Morr
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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10
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Abstract
The second-order phase transition into a hidden order phase in URu2Si2 goes along with an order parameter that is still a mystery, despite 30 years of research. However, it is understood that the symmetry of the order parameter must be related to the symmetry of the low-lying local electronic [Formula: see text]-states. Here, we present results of a spectroscopic technique, namely core-level nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NIXS). This method allows for the measurement of local high-multipole excitations and is bulk-sensitive. The observed anisotropy of the scattering function unambiguously shows that the 5[Formula: see text] ground-state wave function is composed mainly of the [Formula: see text] with majority [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] + [Formula: see text] and/or [Formula: see text] singlet states. The incomplete dichroism indicates the possibility that quantum states of other irreducible representation are mixed into the ground state.
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11
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Trinh J, Brück E, Siegrist T, Flint R, Chandra P, Coleman P, Ramirez AP. Thermodynamic Measurement of Angular Anisotropy at the Hidden Order Transition of URu_{2}Si_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:157201. [PMID: 27768324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.157201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The heavy fermion compound URu_{2}Si_{2} continues to attract great interest due to the unidentified hidden order it develops below 17.5 K. The unique Ising character of the spin fluctuations and low-temperature quasiparticles is well established. We present detailed measurements of the angular anisotropy of the nonlinear magnetization that reveal a cos^{4}θ Ising anisotropy both at and above the ordering transition. With Landau theory, we show this implies a strongly Ising character of the itinerant hidden order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Trinh
- Physics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Ekkes Brück
- Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy, Faculty of Applied Sciences, TU Delft Mekelweg, 15, 2629 JB Delft, Netherlands
| | - Theo Siegrist
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Rebecca Flint
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Premala Chandra
- Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Piers Coleman
- Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur P Ramirez
- Physics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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12
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Lee WC, Greene LH. Recent progress of probing correlated electron states by point contact spectroscopy. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:094502. [PMID: 27533341 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/094502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We review recent progress in point contact spectroscopy (PCS) to extract spectroscopic information out of correlated electron materials, with the emphasis on non-superconducting states. PCS has been used to detect bosonic excitations in normal metals, where signatures (e.g. phonons) are usually less than 1% of the measured conductance. In the superconducting state, point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) has been widely used to study properties of the superconducting gap in various superconductors. It has been well-recognized that the corresponding conductance can be accurately fitted by the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) theory in which the AR occurring near the point contact junction is modeled by three parameters; the superconducting gap, the quasiparticle scattering rate, and a dimensionless parameter, Z, describing the strength of the potential barrier at the junction. AR can be as large as 100% of the background conductance, and only arises in the case of superconductors. In the last decade, there have been more and more experimental results suggesting that the point contact conductance could reveal new features associated with the unusual single electron dynamics in non-superconducting states, shedding a new light on exploring the nature of the competing phases in correlated materials. To correctly interpret these new features, it is crucial to re-examine the modeling of the point contact junctions, the formalism used to describe the single electron dynamics particularly in point contact spectroscopy, and the physical quantity that should be computed to understand the conductance. We will summarize the theories for point contact spectroscopy developed from different approaches and highlight these conceptual differences distinguishing point contact spectroscopy from tunneling-based probes. Moreover, we will show how the Schwinger-Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh (SKBK) formalism together with the appropriate modeling of the nano-scale point contacts randomly distributed across the junction leads to the conclusion that the point contact conductance is proportional to the effective density of states, a physical quantity that can be computed if the electron self energy is known. The experimental data on iron based superconductors and heavy fermion compounds will be analyzed in this framework. These recent developments have extended the applicability of point contact spectroscopy to correlated materials, which will help us achieve a deeper understanding of the single electron dynamics in strongly correlated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lee
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
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13
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Gallagher A, Chen KW, Moir CM, Cary SK, Kametani F, Kikugawa N, Graf D, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Riggs SC, Shekhter A, Baumbach RE. Unfolding the physics of URu2Si2 through silicon to phosphorus substitution. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10712. [PMID: 26891903 PMCID: PMC4762885 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy fermion intermetallic compound URu2Si2 exhibits a hidden-order phase below the temperature of 17.5 K, which supports both anomalous metallic behavior and unconventional superconductivity. While these individual phenomena have been investigated in detail, it remains unclear how they are related to each other and to what extent uranium f-electron valence fluctuations influence each one. Here we use ligand site substituted URu2Si2-xPx to establish their evolution under electronic tuning. We find that while hidden order is monotonically suppressed and destroyed for x≤0.035, the superconducting strength evolves non-monotonically with a maximum near x≈0.01 and that superconductivity is destroyed near x≈0.028. This behavior reveals that hidden order depends strongly on tuning outside of the U f-electron shells. It also suggests that while hidden order provides an environment for superconductivity and anomalous metallic behavior, it's fluctuations may not be solely responsible for their progression. The heavy fermion compound URu2Si2 displays a hidden order phase and superconductivity at low temperatures. Here, the authors perform substitution studies—partially replacing silicon with phosphorus—and study the effects on hidden order and superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallagher
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - K-W Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - C M Moir
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - S K Cary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - F Kametani
- Applied Superconductivity Center, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - N Kikugawa
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA.,National Institute for Materials Science 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
| | - D Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - T E Albrecht-Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S C Riggs
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - A Shekhter
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - R E Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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14
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Zhang R, Yang H, Tian H, Chen G, Wu S, Wei L, Li J. Superconductivity in the orthorhombic phase of thermoelectric CsPbxBi4−xTe6 with 0.3≤x≤1.0. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Kaiser V, Bramwell ST, Holdsworth PCW, Moessner R. ac Wien Effect in Spin Ice, Manifest in Nonlinear, Nonequilibrium Susceptibility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:037201. [PMID: 26230822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.037201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Wien effect is a model process for field-induced charge creation. Here it is derived for a nonelectrical system: the spin ice "magnetolyte"-a unique system showing perfect charge symmetry. An entropic reaction field, analogous to the Jaccard field in ice, opposes direct current, but a frequency window exists in which the Wien effect for magnetolyte and electrolyte are indistinguishable. The universal enhancement of monopole density speeds up the magnetization dynamics, which manifests in the nonlinear, nonequilibrium ac susceptibility. This is a rare instance where such effects may be calculated, providing new insights for electrolytes. Experimental predictions are made for Dy2Ti2O7 spin ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kaiser
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - S T Bramwell
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - P C W Holdsworth
- Laboratoire de Physique, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, 69364 Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - R Moessner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Kung HH, Baumbach RE, Bauer ED, Thorsmølle VK, Zhang WL, Haule K, Mydosh JA, Blumberg G. Chirality density wave of the “hidden order” phase in URu
2
Si
2. Science 2015; 347:1339-42. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-H. Kung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - R. E. Baumbach
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E. D. Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - V. K. Thorsmølle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - W.-L. Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - K. Haule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - J. A. Mydosh
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G. Blumberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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17
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Evidence for a nematic component to the hidden-order parameter in URu2Si2 from differential elastoresistance measurements. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6425. [PMID: 25742938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
For materials that harbour a continuous phase transition, the susceptibility of the material to various fields can be used to understand the nature of the fluctuating order and hence the nature of the ordered state. Here we use anisotropic biaxial strain to probe the nematic susceptibility of URu2Si2, a heavy fermion material for which the nature of the low temperature 'hidden order' state has defied comprehensive understanding for over 30 years. Our measurements reveal that the fluctuating order has a nematic component, confirming reports of twofold anisotropy in the broken symmetry state and strongly constraining theoretical models of the hidden-order phase.
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18
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Buhot J, Méasson MA, Gallais Y, Cazayous M, Sacuto A, Lapertot G, Aoki D. Symmetry of the excitations in the hidden order state of URu2Si2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:266405. [PMID: 25615363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.266405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We perform polarized electronic Raman scattering on URu2Si2 single crystals at low temperature down to 8 K in the hidden-order state and under a magnetic field up to 10 T. The hidden-order state is characterized by a sharp excitation at 1.7 meV and a gap in the electronic continuum below 6.8 meV. Both Raman signatures are of pure A2g symmetry. By comparing the behavior of the Raman sharp excitation and the neutron resonance at Q0=(0,0,1), we provide new evidence, constrained by selection rules of the two probes, that the hidden-order state breaks the translational symmetry along the c axis such that Γ and Z points fold on top of each other. The observation of these distinct Raman features with a peculiar A2g symmetry as a signature of the hidden-order phase places strong constraints on current theories of the hidden-order in URu2Si2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buhot
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M-A Méasson
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y Gallais
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Cazayous
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Sacuto
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR 7162 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - G Lapertot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CEA, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - D Aoki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CEA, INAC-SPSMS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Momentum-resolved hidden-order gap reveals symmetry breaking and origin of entropy loss in URu2Si2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4326. [PMID: 25014432 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in physical systems leads to salient phenomena at all scales, from the Higgs mechanism and the emergence of the mass of the elementary particles, to superconductivity and magnetism in solids. The hidden-order state arising below 17.5 K in URu2Si2 is a puzzling example of one of such phase transitions: its associated broken symmetry and gap structure have remained longstanding riddles. Here we directly image how, across the hidden-order transition, the electronic structure of URu2Si2 abruptly reconstructs. We observe an energy gap of 7 meV opening over 70% of a large diamond-like heavy-fermion Fermi surface, resulting in the formation of four small Fermi petals, and a change in the electronic periodicity from body-centred tetragonal to simple tetragonal. Our results explain the large entropy loss in the hidden-order phase, and the similarity between this phase and the high-pressure antiferromagnetic phase found in quantum-oscillation experiments.
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20
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Tonegawa S, Kasahara S, Fukuda T, Sugimoto K, Yasuda N, Tsuruhara Y, Watanabe D, Mizukami Y, Haga Y, Matsuda TD, Yamamoto E, Onuki Y, Ikeda H, Matsuda Y, Shibauchi T. Direct observation of lattice symmetry breaking at the hidden-order transition in URu2Si2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4188. [PMID: 24943003 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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21
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Khalyavin DD, Lovesey SW, Dobrynin AN, Ressouche E, Ballou R, Flouquet J. Symmetry-protected hidden order and magnetic neutron Bragg diffraction by URu2Si2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:046003. [PMID: 24390171 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/4/046003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how the order parameter of a continuous phase transition can be protected from view by symmetry in a magnetic crystal. The symmetry in question forbids atomic displacements and formation of magnetic dipoles, rendering the order parameter invisible in standard x-ray and magnetic neutron Bragg diffraction. Analysis of the allowed magnetic space-groups reveals exact properties of the hidden order parameter. We demonstrate that Bragg spots forbidden by the chemical structure can unveil magnetic hidden order. The method is applied to URu2Si2, which has been thoroughly investigated in the past few decades using all manner of experimental techniques. Starting from the established chemical structure of URu2Si2, we have performed a critical analysis of available data for magnetic neutron Bragg diffraction.
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22
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Meng JQ, Oppeneer PM, Mydosh JA, Riseborough PS, Gofryk K, Joyce JJ, Bauer ED, Li Y, Durakiewicz T. Imaging the three-dimensional Fermi-surface pairing near the hidden-order transition in URu2Si2 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:127002. [PMID: 24093292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.127002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments probing deep into the hidden-order state of URu(2)Si(2), utilizing tunable photon energies with sufficient energy and momentum resolution to detect the near Fermi-surface (FS) behavior. Our results reveal (i) the full itinerancy of the 5f electrons, (ii) the crucial three-dimensional k-space nature of the FS and its critical nesting vectors, in good comparison with density-functional theory calculations, and (iii) the existence of hot-spot lines and pairing of states at the FS, leading to FS gapping in the hidden-order phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiao Meng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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23
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Chatterjee S, Trinckauf J, Hänke T, Shai DE, Harter JW, Williams TJ, Luke GM, Shen KM, Geck J. Formation of the coherent heavy fermion liquid at the hidden order transition in URu2Si2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:186401. [PMID: 23683224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.186401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectra of the heavy-fermion superconductor URu2Si2. Detailed measurements as a function of both photon energy and temperature allow us to disentangle a variety of spectral features, revealing the evolution of the low-energy electronic structure across the "hidden order" transition. Above the transition, our measurements reveal the existence of weakly dispersive states that exhibit a large scattering rate and do not appear to shift from above to below the Fermi level, as previously reported. Upon entering the hidden order phase, these states rapidly hybridize with light conduction band states and transform into a coherent heavy fermion liquid, coincident with a dramatic drop in the scattering rate. This evolution is in stark contrast with the gradual crossover expected in Kondo lattice systems, which we attribute to the coupling of the heavy fermion states to the hidden order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouvik Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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24
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Boariu FL, Bareille C, Schwab H, Nuber A, Lejay P, Durakiewicz T, Reinert F, Santander-Syro AF. Momentum-resolved evolution of the Kondo lattice into "hidden order" in URu2Si2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:156404. [PMID: 25167291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.156404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the evolution of the electronic structure in URu2Si2 at the Γ, Z, and X high-symmetry points from the high-temperature Kondo-screened regime to the low-temperature hidden-order (HO) state. At all temperatures and symmetry points, we find structures resulting from the interaction between heavy and light bands related to the Kondo-lattice formation. At the X point, we directly measure a hybridization gap of 11 meV already open at temperatures above the ordered phase. Strikingly, we find that while the HO induces pronounced changes at Γ and Z, the hybridization gap at X does not change, indicating that the hidden-order parameter is anisotropic. Furthermore, at the Γ and Z points, we observe the opening of a gap in momentum in the HO state, and show that the associated electronic structure results from the hybridization of a light electron band with the Kondo-lattice bands characterizing the paramagnetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Boariu
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Bareille
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiments 104 et 108, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - H Schwab
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Nuber
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Lejay
- Institut Néel, CNRS/UJF, B.P. 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - T Durakiewicz
- MPA-CMMS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - F Reinert
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik VII, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany and Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Gemeinschaftslabor für Nanoanalythik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A F Santander-Syro
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Bâtiments 104 et 108, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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25
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Si Q. Hidden is more. Nature 2013; 493:619-20. [DOI: 10.1038/493619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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