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Jiang Z, Cai G, Liu H, Liu L, Huang R, Nie X, Gui R, Li J, Ma J, Cao K, Luo Y. A combination of a TLR7/8 agonist and an epigenetic inhibitor suppresses triple-negative breast cancer through triggering anti-tumor immune. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:296. [PMID: 38811964 PMCID: PMC11134718 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination therapy involving immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and other drugs is a potential strategy for converting immune-cold tumors into immune-hot tumors to benefit from immunotherapy. To achieve drug synergy, we developed a homologous cancer cell membrane vesicle (CM)-coated metal-organic framework (MOF) nanodelivery platform for the codelivery of a TLR7/8 agonist with an epigenetic inhibitor. METHODS A novel biomimetic codelivery system (MCM@UN) was constructed by MOF nanoparticles UiO-66 loading with a bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor and then coated with the membrane vesicles of homologous cancer cells that embedding the 18 C lipid tail of 3M-052 (M). The antitumor immune ability and tumor suppressive effect of MCM@UN were evaluated in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and in vitro. The tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed by multicolor immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo data showed that MCM@UN specifically targeted to TNBC cells and was superior to the free drug in terms of tumor growth inhibition and antitumor immune activity. In terms of mechanism, MCM@UN blocked BRD4 and PD-L1 to prompt dying tumor cells to disintegrate and expose tumor antigens. The disintegrated tumor cells released damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), recruited dendritic cells (DCs) to efficiently activate CD8+ T cells to mediate effective and long-lasting antitumor immunity. In addition, TLR7/8 agonist on MCM@UN enhanced lymphocytes infiltration and immunogenic cell death and decreased regulatory T-cells (Tregs). On clinical specimens, we found that mature DCs infiltrating tumor tissues of TNBC patients were negatively correlated with the expression of BRD4, which was consistent with the result in animal model. CONCLUSION MCM@UN specifically targeted to TNBC cells and remodeled tumor immune microenvironment to inhibit malignant behaviors of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Guangqing Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eighth Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Leping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Tong J, Chen X, Wang X, Men S, Liu Y, Sun X, Yan D, Wang L. Novel KMT5B variant associated with neurodevelopmental disorder in a Chinese family: A case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28686. [PMID: 38571636 PMCID: PMC10988039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We report here the clinical and genetic features of KMT5B-related neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a novel heterozygous frameshift variant in KMT5B in a Chinese family. Case presentation A 7-year-old Chinese boy with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, significant language impairment, motor disability, and coordination difficulties presented to our hospital because he "could not speak and did not look at others." He was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder previously owing to developmental delays in cognition, language expression, and understanding. The child also had variable nonspecific features including macrocephaly, wide button-hole space and nasal bridge, low ear, social behavior disorder, and foot deformities. Exome sequencing (ES) revealed that both the proband and his younger brother had inherited a novel heterozygous frameshift variant c.438_439ins[ASD; KT192064.1:1_310] of the KMT5B gene from their father. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the novel mutation affected the structure of the KMT5B pre-SET domain, mainly in the α-helix region. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, this type of variant was eventually determined to be likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_P). Conclusions Our investigation expands the mutation spectrum of KMT5B to help us to better understand KMT5B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Men
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Xiong Y, Greschik H, Johansson C, Seifert L, Gamble V, Park KS, Fagan V, Li F, Chau I, Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Brennan P, Fedorov O, Jung M, Farnie G, Liu J, Oppermann U, Schüle R, Jin J. Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Cell-Active SPIN1 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5837-5853. [PMID: 38533580 PMCID: PMC11022035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The methyl-lysine reader protein SPIN1 plays important roles in various human diseases. However, targeting methyl-lysine reader proteins has been challenging. Very few cellularly active SPIN1 inhibitors have been developed. We previously reported that our G9a/GLP inhibitor UNC0638 weakly inhibited SPIN1. Here, we present our comprehensive structure-activity relationship study that led to the discovery of compound 11, a dual SPIN1 and G9a/GLP inhibitor, and compound 18 (MS8535), a SPIN1 selective inhibitor. We solved the cocrystal structure of SPIN1 in complex with 11, confirming that 11 occupied one of the three Tudor domains. Importantly, 18 displayed high selectivity for SPIN1 over 38 epigenetic targets, including G9a/GLP, and concentration dependently disrupted the interactions of SPIN1 and H3 in cells. Furthermore, 18 was bioavailable in mice. We also developed 19 (MS8535N), which was inactive against SPIN1, as a negative control of 18. Collectively, these compounds are useful chemical tools to study biological functions of SPIN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Holger Greschik
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Catrine Johansson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford BRU, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Ludwig Seifert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Vicki Gamble
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford BRU, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Kwang-Su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Vincent Fagan
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K.; Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Irene Chau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paul Brennan
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K.; Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K.; Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K.; Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford BRU, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
- Oxford Translational Myeloma Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg 79104, Germany
- CIBSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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Bernardini A, Tora L. Co-translational Assembly Pathways of Nuclear Multiprotein Complexes Involved in the Regulation of Gene Transcription. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168382. [PMID: 38061625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Most factors that regulate gene transcription in eukaryotic cells are multimeric, often large, protein complexes. The understanding of the biogenesis pathways of such large and heterogeneous protein assemblies, as well as the dimerization partner choice among transcription factors, is crucial to interpret and control gene expression programs and consequent cell fate decisions. Co-translational assembly (Co-TA) is thought to play key roles in the biogenesis of protein complexes by directing complex formation during protein synthesis. In this review we discuss the principles of Co-TA with a special focus for the assembly of transcription regulatory complexes. We outline the expected molecular advantages of establishing co-translational interactions, pointing at the available, or missing, evidence for each of them. We hypothesize different molecular mechanisms based on Co-TA to explain the allocation "dilemma" of paralog proteins and subunits shared by different transcription complexes. By taking as a paradigm the different assembly pathways employed by three related transcription regulatory complexes (TFIID, SAGA and ATAC), we discuss alternative Co-TA strategies for nuclear multiprotein complexes and the widespread - yet specific - use of Co-TA for the formation of nuclear complexes involved in gene transcription. Ultimately, we outlined a series of open questions which demand well-defined lines of research to investigate the principles of gene regulation that rely on the coordinated assembly of protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bernardini
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - László Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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5
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Xu X, Chen J, Wang G, Zhang X, Li Q, Zhou X, Guo F, Li M. Conformationally constrained potent inhibitors for enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129558. [PMID: 37956762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) plays the role of the main catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27). Overexpression or mutation of EZH2 has been observed in many types of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, such as myeloma, lymphoma, prostate, breast, kidney, and lung cancers. EZH2 has been demonstrated as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of tumors. Based on the structure of 1 (EPZ-6438), a series of novel conformationally constrained derivatives were designed and synthesized aiming to improve the EZH2 inhibition activity, especially for mutated EZH2. Structure and activity relationship (SAR) exploration and optimization at both enzymatic and cellular levels led to the discovery of 28. In vitro, 28 displayed potent EZH2 inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 0.95 nM, which is comparable to EPZ-6438 (1). 28 exhibited high anti-proliferation activity against different lymphoma cell lines including WSU-DLCL2, Pfeiffer and Karpas-422 (IC50 = 2.36, 1.73, and 1.82 nM, respectively). In vivo, 28 showed acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics (oral bioavailability F = 36.9%) and better efficacy than 1 in both Pfeiffer and Karpas-422 xenograft mouse models, suggesting that it can be further developed as a potential therapeutic candidate for EZH2-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Guo
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Shanghai Synergy Pharmaceutical Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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6
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Lombino J, Vallone R, Cimino M, Gulotta MR, De Simone G, Morando MA, Sabbatella R, Di Martino S, Fogazza M, Sarno F, Coronnello C, De Rosa M, Cipollina C, Altucci L, Perricone U, Alfano C. In-silico guided chemical exploration of KDM4A fragments hits. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:197. [PMID: 38129913 PMCID: PMC10740270 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysine demethylase enzymes (KDMs) are an emerging class of therapeutic targets, that catalyse the removal of methyl marks from histone lysine residues regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. KDM4A isoform plays an important role in the epigenetic dysregulation in various cancers and is linked to aggressive disease and poor clinical outcomes. Despite several efforts, the KDM4 family lacks successful specific molecular inhibitors. RESULTS Herein, starting from a structure-based fragments virtual screening campaign we developed a synergic framework as a guide to rationally design efficient KDM4A inhibitors. Commercial libraries were used to create a fragments collection and perform a virtual screening campaign combining docking and pharmacophore approaches. The most promising compounds were tested in-vitro by a Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence-based assay developed for identifying selective substrate-competitive inhibitors by means of inhibition of H3K9me3 peptide demethylation. 2-(methylcarbamoyl)isonicotinic acid was identified as a preliminary active fragment, displaying inhibition of KDM4A enzymatic activity. Its chemical exploration was deeply investigated by computational and experimental approaches which allowed a rational fragment growing process. The in-silico studies guided the development of derivatives designed as expansion of the primary fragment hit and provided further knowledge on the structure-activity relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes useful insights into key ligand-KDM4A protein interaction and provides structural features for the development of successful selective KDM4A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lombino
- Molecular Informatics Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
- C4T S.r.l., Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Center, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Vallone
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maura Cimino
- Target Identification and Screening Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giada De Simone
- Molecular Informatics Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Agnese Morando
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sabbatella
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mario Fogazza
- Target Identification and Screening Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
- Axxam SpA, 20091, Bresso, MI, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria De Rosa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Target Identification and Screening Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80100, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, 83031, Ariano Irpino, AV, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Perricone
- Molecular Informatics Group, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Alfano
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Jana A, Bellver-Sanchis A, Griñán-Ferré C, Banerjee DR. Repurposing of Raltitrexed as an Effective G9a/EHMT2 Inhibitor and Promising Anti-Alzheimer's Agent. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1531-1536. [PMID: 37974951 PMCID: PMC10641905 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report for the first time the G9a/EHMT2 inhibition and anti-Alzheimer's activities of the drug raltitrexed. G9a is a lysine methyltransferase that mainly dimethylates the H3K9 of chromatin, which triggers the repression of genes epigenetically, leading to various diseased conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). First, we demonstrate that raltitrexed inhibits G9a at 120 nM. Moreover, raltitrexed lowers the total H3K9me2/H3K9 levels in AD transgenic C. elegans CL2006 worms, indicating that raltitrexed targets G9a directly. As toxicity is the bottleneck in G9a drug discovery, we conducted detailed in silico toxicity (TOPKAT) analyses of raltitrexed and measured the food consumption by C. elegans, demonstrating that raltitrexed's toxicity/function range is safe for the worm's growth. Moreover, we demonstrate that raltitrexed enhances the locomotive function of worms dose-dependently. Finally, we show that raltitrexed reduced the Aβ aggregates in worms up to 47%, highlighting the potential of raltitrexed in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Jana
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
Durgapur, M G Avenue, Durgapur-713209 , West Bengal, India
| | - Aina Bellver-Sanchis
- Pharmacology
Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27−31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology
Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27−31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Deb Ranjan Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
Durgapur, M G Avenue, Durgapur-713209 , West Bengal, India
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Velez J, Kaniskan HÜ, Jin J. Recent advances in developing degraders & inhibitors of lysine methyltransferases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102356. [PMID: 37379717 PMCID: PMC10527319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, there has been continued interest in developing novel therapeutic approaches targeting protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs). Along with PKMT inhibitors, targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a promising strategy to attenuate aberrant PKMT activity. Particularly, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) effectively eliminate PKMTs of interest, suppressing all enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. PROTACs and other TPD approaches add new depth to PKMT research and novel therapeutics discovery. This review focuses on recent advances in PKMT degrader and inhibitor development over the last several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Velez
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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9
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Han H, Lv F, Liu Z, Chen T, Xue T, Liang W, Liu M. BcTaf14 regulates growth and development, virulence, and stress responses in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:849-865. [PMID: 37026690 PMCID: PMC10346378 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-associated factor 14 (Taf14), a transcription-associated factor containing a conserved YEATS domain and an extra-terminal (ET) domain, is a multifunctional protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the role of Taf14 in filamentous phytopathogenic fungi is not well understood. In this study, the homologue of ScTaf14 in Botrytis cinerea (named BcTaf14), a destructive phytopathogen causing grey mould, was investigated. The BcTaf14 deletion strain (ΔBcTaf14) showed pleiotropic defects, including slow growth, abnormal colony morphology, reduced conidiation, abnormal conidial morphology, reduced virulence, and altered responses to various stresses. The ΔBcTaf14 strain also exhibited differential expression of numerous genes compared to the wild-type strain. BcTaf14 could interact with the crotonylated H3K9 peptide, and mutation of two key sites (G80 and W81) in the YEATS domain disrupted this interaction. The mutation of G80 and W81 affected the regulatory effect of BcTaf14 on mycelial growth and virulence but did not affect the production and morphology of conidia. The absence of the ET domain at the C-terminus rendered BcTaf14 unable to localize to the nucleus, and the defects of ΔBcTaf14 were not recovered to wild-type levels when BcTaf14 without the ET domain was expressed. Our results provide insight into the regulatory roles of BcTaf14 and its two conserved domains in B. cinerea and will be helpful for understanding the function of the Taf14 protein in plant-pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Han
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Fangjiao Lv
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Zhishan Liu
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Tongge Chen
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Tianzi Xue
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China
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10
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Majumder A. Targeting Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide Balance as Future Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37627515 PMCID: PMC10451792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with oxidative/ER stress, apoptosis, and impairment of angiogenesis, whereas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to reverse this condition. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells need to produce a high level of endogenous H2S to maintain cell proliferation, growth, viability, and migration. However, any novel mechanism that targets this balance of Hcy and H2S production has yet to be discovered or exploited. Cells require homocysteine metabolism via the methionine cycle for nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and reductive metabolism, and this pathway supports the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. Although the methionine cycle favors cancer cells for their survival and growth, this metabolism produces a massive amount of toxic Hcy that somehow cancer cells handle very well. Recently, research showed specific pathways important for balancing the antioxidative defense through H2S production in cancer cells. This review discusses the relationship between Hcy metabolism and the antiapoptotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects of H2S in different cancer types. It also summarizes the historical understanding of targeting antioxidative defense systems, angiogenesis, and other protective mechanisms of cancer cells and the role of H2S production in the genesis, progression, and metastasis of cancer. This review defines a nexus of diet and precision medicine in targeting the delicate antioxidative system of cancer and explores possible future therapeutics that could exploit the Hcy and H2S balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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11
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Xie Z, Zhou Z, Yang S, Zhang S, Shao B. Epigenetic regulation and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:17. [PMID: 37273004 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial to neoplastic processes, fostering proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Epigenetic regulations, primarily including DNA and RNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA, have been generally recognized as an essential feature of tumor malignancy, exceedingly contributing to the dysregulation of the core gene expression in neoplastic cells, bringing about the evasion of immunosurveillance by influencing the immune cells in TME. Recently, compelling evidence have highlighted that clinical therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic machinery modulate carcinogenesis through targeting TME components, including normalizing cells' phenotype, suppressing cells' neovascularization and repressing the immunosuppressive components in TME. Therefore, TME components have been nominated as a promising target for epigenetic drugs in clinical cancer management. This review focuses on the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications occurring to the pivotal TME components including the stroma, immune and myeloid cells in various tumors reported in the last five years, concludes the tight correlation between TME reprogramming and tumor progression and immunosuppression, summarizes the current advances in cancer clinical treatments and potential therapeutic targets with reference to epigenetic drugs. Finally, we summarize some of the restrictions in the field of cancer research at the moment, further discuss several interesting epigenetic gene targets with potential strategies to boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zirui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Liu Z, Wu Y, Mao X, Kwan KCJ, Cheng X, Li X, Jing Y, Li XD. Development of multifunctional synthetic nucleosomes to interrogate chromatin-mediated protein interactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5186. [PMID: 37134166 PMCID: PMC10156118 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Various proteins bind to chromatin to regulate DNA and its associated processes such as replication, transcription, and damage repair. The identification and characterization of these chromatin-associating proteins remain a challenge, as their interactions with chromatin often occur within the context of the local nucleosome or chromatin structure, which makes conventional peptide-based strategies unsuitable. Here, we developed a simple and robust protein labeling chemistry to prepare synthetic multifunctional nucleosomes that carry a photoreactive group, a biorthogonal handle, and a disulfide moiety to examine chromatin-protein interactions in a nucleosomal context. Using the prepared protein- and nucleosome-based photoaffinity probes, we examined a number of protein-protein and protein-nucleosome interactions. In particular, we (i) mapped the binding sites for the HMGN2-nucleosome interaction, (ii) provided the evidence for transition between the active and poised states of DOT1L in recognizing H3K79 within the nucleosome, and (iii) identified OARD1 and LAP2α as nucleosome acidic patch-associating proteins. This study provides powerful and versatile chemical tools for interrogating chromatin-associating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (SZBL), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yihang Jing
- Greater Bay Biomedical InnoCenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (SZBL), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Tayari MM, Fang C, Ntziachristos P. Context-Dependent Functions of KDM6 Lysine Demethylases in Physiology and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1433:139-165. [PMID: 37751139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38176-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone lysine methylation is a major epigenetic modification that participates in several cellular processes including gene regulation and chromatin structure. This mark can go awry in disease contexts such as cancer. Two decades ago, the discovery of histone demethylase enzymes thirteen years ago sheds light on the complexity of the regulation of this mark. Here we address the roles of lysine demethylases JMJD3 and UTX in physiological and disease contexts. The two demethylases play pivotal roles in many developmental and disease contexts via regulation of di- and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me2/3) in repressing gene expression programs. JMJD3 and UTX participate in several biochemical settings including methyltransferase and chromatin remodeling complexes. They have histone demethylase-dependent and -independent activities and a variety of context-specific interacting factors. The structure, amounts, and function of the demethylases can be altered in disease due to genetic alterations or aberrant gene regulation. Therefore, academic and industrial initiatives have targeted these enzymes using a number of small molecule compounds in therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, we will touch upon inhibitor formulations, their properties, and current efforts to test them in preclinical contexts to optimize their therapeutic outcomes. Demethylase inhibitors are currently used in targeted therapeutic approaches that might be particularly effective when used in conjunction with systemic approaches such as chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Masoumeh Tayari
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celestia Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ntziachristos
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Medical Research Building 2 (MRB2), Entrance 38, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Cavalcante IP, Berthon A, Fragoso MC, Reincke M, Stratakis CA, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: definitely a genetic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:699-711. [PMID: 35922573 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is an adrenal cause of Cushing syndrome. Nowadays, a PBMAH diagnosis is more frequent than previously, as a result of progress in the diagnostic methods for adrenal incidentalomas, which are widely available. Although some rare syndromic forms of PBMAH are known to be of genetic origin, non-syndromic forms of PBMAH have only been recognized as a genetic disease in the past 10 years. Genomics studies have highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of PBMAH and identified molecular subgroups, allowing improved understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease. Furthermore, the generation of these subgroups permitted the identification of new genes responsible for PBMAH. Constitutive inactivating variants in ARMC5 and KDM1A are responsible for the development of distinct forms of PBMAH. To date, pathogenic variants of ARMC5 are responsible for 20-25% of PBMAH, whereas germline KDM1A alterations have been identified in >90% of PBMAH causing food-dependent Cushing syndrome. The identification of pathogenic variants in ARMC5 and KDM1A demonstrated that PBMAH, despite mostly being diagnosed in adults aged 45-60 years, is a genetic disorder. This Review summarizes the important progress made in the past 10 years in understanding the genetics of PBMAH, which have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, opening new clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora P Cavalcante
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Maria C Fragoso
- Department of Endocrinology, Adrenal Unit, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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15
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SIX3 function in cancer: progression and comprehensive analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1542-1549. [PMID: 35764712 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The homeobox gene family encodes transcription factors that are essential for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and its dysfunction is linked to tumor initiation and progression. Sine oculis homeobox (SIX) belongs to the homeobox gene family, with SIX3 being a core member. Recent studies indicate that SXI3 functions as a cancer suppressor or promoter, which is mainly dependent on SIX3's influence on the signal pathways that promote or inhibit cancer in cells. The low expression of SIX3 in most malignant tumors was confirmed by detailed studies, which could promote the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The recovery or upregulation of SIX3 expression to suppress cancer is closely related to the direct or indirect inhibition of the Wnt pathway. However, in some malignancies, such as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer, SIX3 is a tumor-promoting factor, and repressing SIX3 improves patients' prognosis. This review introduces the research progress of SIX3 in tumors and gives a comprehensive analysis, intending to explain why SIX3 plays different roles in different cancers and provide new cancer therapy strategies.
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16
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Critical Roles of Polycomb Repressive Complexes in Transcription and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179574. [PMID: 36076977 PMCID: PMC9455514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomp group (PcG) proteins are members of highly conserved multiprotein complexes, recognized as gene transcriptional repressors during development and shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological processes. PcG proteins consist of two Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) with different enzymatic activities: Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), a ubiquitin ligase, and Polycomb repressive complexes 2 (PRC2), a histone methyltransferase. Traditionally, PRCs have been described to be associated with transcriptional repression of homeotic genes, as well as gene transcription activating effects. Particularly in cancer, PRCs have been found to misregulate gene expression, not only depending on the function of the whole PRCs, but also through their separate subunits. In this review, we focused especially on the recent findings in the transcriptional regulation of PRCs, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of PcG proteins, and the research progress of inhibitors targeting PRCs.
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17
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Mitchener MM, Muir TW. Oncohistones: Exposing the nuances and vulnerabilities of epigenetic regulation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2925-2938. [PMID: 35985302 PMCID: PMC9482148 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Work over the last decade has uncovered a new layer of epigenetic dysregulation. It is now appreciated that somatic missense mutations in histones, the packaging agents of genomic DNA, are often associated with human pathologies, especially cancer. Although some of these "oncohistone" mutations are thought to be key drivers of cancer, the impacts of the majority of them on disease onset and progression remain to be elucidated. Here, we survey this rapidly expanding research field with particular emphasis on how histone mutants, even at low dosage, can corrupt chromatin states. This work is unveiling the remarkable intricacies of epigenetic control mechanisms. Throughout, we highlight how studies of oncohistones have leveraged, and in some cases fueled, the advances in our ability to manipulate and interrogate chromatin at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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18
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Zheng Q, Zhang W, Rao GW. Protein Lysine Methyltransferase SMYD2: A Promising Small Molecule Target for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10119-10132. [PMID: 35914250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In epigenetic research, the abnormality of protein methylation modification is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, which stimulates the interest of researchers in protein methyltransferase research and the efforts to develop corresponding specific small molecule inhibitors. Currently, the protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 has been identified as a promising new small molecule target for cancer therapy. But its biological functions have not been fully studied and relatively few inhibitors have been reported, thus this field needs to be further explored. This perspective provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the available resources in this field, including its research status, biological structure, related substrates and methylation mechanisms, and research status of inhibitors. In addition, this perspective elaborates in detail the current challenges in this field, our insights into what needs to be done next, rational drug design of novel SMYD2 inhibitors, and foreseeable development directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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19
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Qiang R, Liu XZ, Xu JC. The Immune Pathogenesis of Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure and the Danger Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935160. [PMID: 35911735 PMCID: PMC9329538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a group of clinical syndromes related to severe acute liver function impairment and multiple-organ failure caused by various acute triggering factors on the basis of chronic liver disease. Due to its severe condition, rapid progression, and high mortality, it has received increasing attention. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of ACLF mainly includes direct injury and immune injury. In immune injury, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), dendritic cells (DCs), and CD4+ T cells accumulate in the liver tissue, secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and recruit more immune cells to the liver, resulting in immune damage to the liver tissue, massive hepatocyte necrosis, and liver failure, but the key molecules and signaling pathways remain unclear. The “danger hypothesis” holds that in addition to the need for antigens, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) also play a very important role in the occurrence of the immune response, and this hypothesis is related to the pathogenesis of ACLF. Here, the research status and development trend of ACLF, as well as the mechanism of action and research progress on various DAMPs in ACLF, are summarized to identify biomarkers that can predict the occurrence and development of diseases or the prognosis of patients at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qiang
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Zi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Chi Xu
- The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Suzhou City, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Chi Xu,
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20
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Xiong Y, Song X, Kudusi, Zu X, Chen M, He W, Qi L. Oncogenic GBX2 promotes the malignant behaviors of bladder cancer cells by binding to the ITGA5 promoter and activating its transcription. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:937-950. [PMID: 35672622 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In bladder cancer patients, metastasis after surgical resection and serious adverse reactions brought by cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy make it urgent to explore novel therapeutic methods for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with unsuccessful first-line chemotherapy and disease progression. In this study, GBX2 has been recognized as a differentially expressed transcriptional factor between bladder cases with response to treatment and progressive disease based on online expression profile analysis. Higher GBX2 expression was correlated with poorer OS, DSS, and PFS in bladder cancer patients. GBX2 co-expressed genes were enriched in ECM regulation. ITGA5 was positively correlated with GBX2. GBX2 and ITGA5 were notably elevated in bladder cancer cells. GBX2 and ITGA5 similarly affected bladder cancer cell phenotypes via facilitating cell viability, migration, and invasion. By binding to the promoter region of ITGA5, GBX2 activated ITGA5 transcription, upregulating ITGA5 expression. In bladder cancer cells co-transfected with sh-GBX2 and ITGA5 oe, the inhibitory effects of GBX2 knockdown on bladder cancer cell malignant behaviors were partially eliminated by ITGA5 overexpression. In conclusion, GBX2 and ITGA5 serve as oncogenic factors, promoting the viability, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells. GBX2 exerts its functions by targeting the ITGA5 promoter region to activate ITGA5 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Extracorporeal Life Support Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohang Song
- Department of Urology, Turpan People's Hospital, Turpan, 838000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kudusi
- Department of Urology, Turpan People's Hospital, Turpan, 838000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
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21
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Lombardo SD, Wangsaputra IF, Menche J, Stevens A. Network Approaches for Charting the Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Landscape of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:764. [PMID: 35627149 PMCID: PMC9141211 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The early developmental phase is of critical importance for human health and disease later in life. To decipher the molecular mechanisms at play, current biomedical research is increasingly relying on large quantities of diverse omics data. The integration and interpretation of the different datasets pose a critical challenge towards the holistic understanding of the complex biological processes that are involved in early development. In this review, we outline the major transcriptomic and epigenetic processes and the respective datasets that are most relevant for studying the periconceptional period. We cover both basic data processing and analysis steps, as well as more advanced data integration methods. A particular focus is given to network-based methods. Finally, we review the medical applications of such integrative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvo Danilo Lombardo
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Fernando Wangsaputra
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
| | - Jörg Menche
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adam Stevens
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
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22
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Jin Y, Liu T, Luo H, Liu Y, Liu D. Targeting Epigenetic Regulatory Enzymes for Cancer Therapeutics: Novel Small-Molecule Epidrug Development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848221. [PMID: 35419278 PMCID: PMC8995554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenetic enzyme-mediated transcription of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes is closely associated with the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of tumors. Based on the reversibility of epigenetic mechanisms, small-molecule compounds that target epigenetic regulation have become promising therapeutics. These compounds target epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including DNA methylases, histone modifiers (methylation and acetylation), enzymes that specifically recognize post-translational modifications, chromatin-remodeling enzymes, and post-transcriptional regulators. Few compounds have been used in clinical trials and exhibit certain therapeutic effects. Herein, we summarize the classification and therapeutic roles of compounds that target epigenetic regulatory enzymes in cancer treatment. Finally, we highlight how the natural compounds berberine and ginsenosides can target epigenetic regulatory enzymes to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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23
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Kamerzell TJ, Mikell B, Chen L, Elias H, Dawn B, MacRae C, Middaugh CR. The structural basis of histone modifying enzyme specificity and promiscuity: Implications for metabolic regulation and drug design. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 130:189-243. [PMID: 35534108 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes regulate chromatin architecture through covalent modifications and ultimately control multiple aspects of cellular function. Disruption of histone modification leads to changes in gene expression profiles and may lead to disease. Both small molecule inhibitors and intermediary metabolites have been shown to modulate histone modifying enzyme activity although our ability to identify successful drug candidates or novel metabolic regulators of these enzymes has been limited. Using a combination of large scale in silico screens and in vivo phenotypic analysis, we identified several small molecules and intermediary metabolites with distinctive HME activity. Our approach using unsupervised learning identifies the chemical fingerprints of both small molecules and metabolites that facilitate recognition by the enzymes active sites which can be used as a blueprint to design novel inhibitors. Furthermore, this work supports the idea that histone modifying enzymes sense intermediary metabolites integrating genes, environment and cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Kamerzell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States; Division of Internal Medicine, HCA MidWest Health, Overland Park, KS, United States; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Applied AI Technologies, LLC, Overland Park, KS, United States.
| | - Brittney Mikell
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Harold Elias
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Calum MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Kean KM, Baril SA, Lamb KN, Dishman SN, Treacy JW, Houk KN, Brustad EM, James LI, Waters ML. Systematic Variation of Both the Aromatic Cage and Dialkyllysine via GCE-SAR Reveal Mechanistic Insights in CBX5 Reader Protein Binding. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2646-2655. [PMID: 35014255 PMCID: PMC9048841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of inhibitors for histone methyllysine reader proteins is an active area of research due to the importance of reader protein-methyllysine interactions in transcriptional regulation and disease. Optimized peptide-based chemical probes targeting methyllysine readers favor larger alkyllysine residues in place of methyllysine. However, the mechanism by which these larger substituents drive tighter binding is not well understood. This study describes the development of a two-pronged approach combining genetic code expansion (GCE) and structure-activity relationships (SAR) through systematic variation of both the aromatic binding pocket in the protein and the alkyllysine residues in the peptide to probe inhibitor recognition in the CBX5 chromodomain. We demonstrate a novel change in driving force for larger alkyllysines, which weaken cation-π interactions but increases dispersion forces, resulting in tighter binding. This GCE-SAR approach establishes discrete energetic contributions to binding from both ligand and protein, providing a powerful tool to gain mechanistic understanding of SAR trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Kean
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Stefanie A. Baril
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Kelsey N. Lamb
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Sarah N. Dishman
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Joseph W. Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Box 951569, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Eric M. Brustad
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Lindsey I. James
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Marcey L. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA,Corresponding Author: Marcey L. Waters – Department of Chemistry, CB 3290, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States;
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25
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Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Role of Lysine 2-Hydroxyisobutyrylation Pathway Mediated by Tip60. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4571319. [PMID: 35178156 PMCID: PMC8847014 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4571319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a new type of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) extensively reported on eukaryotic cell histones. It is evolutionarily conserved and participates in diverse important biological processes, such as transcription and cell metabolism. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Khib can be regulated by p300 and Tip60. Although the specific Khib substrates mediated by p300 have been revealed, how Tip60 regulates diverse cellular processes through the Khib pathway and the different roles between Tip60 and p300 in regulating Khib remain largely unknown, which prevents us from understanding how this modification executes its biological functions. In this study, we report the first Khib proteome mediated by Tip60. In total, 3502 unique Khib sites from 1050 proteins were identified. Among them, 536 Khib sites from 406 proteins were present only in Tip60 overexpressing cells and 13 Khib sites increased more than 2-fold in response to Tip60 overexpression, indicating that Tip60 significantly affected global Khib. Notably, only 5 of the 549 Tip60-targeted Khib sites overlapped with the 149 known Khib sites targeted by p300, indicating the different Khib substrate preferences of Tip60 and p300. In addition, the Khib substrates regulated by Tip60 are deeply involved in processes such as nucleic acid metabolism and translation, and some are associated with Parkinson’s and Prion diseases. In summary, our research reveals the Khib substrates targeted by Tip60, which elucidates the effect of Tip60 in regulating various cellular processes through the Khib pathway, and proposes novel views into the functional mechanism of Tip60.
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Guerra MV, Cáceres MI, Herrera-Soto A, Arredondo SB, Varas-Godoy M, van Zundert B, Varela-Nallar L. H3K9 Methyltransferases Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 Control the Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:778345. [PMID: 35096813 PMCID: PMC8791356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus new neurons are generated from neural precursor cells through different stages including proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells and maturation of newborn neurons. These stages are controlled by the expression of specific transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms, which together orchestrate the progression of the neurogenic process. However, little is known about the involvement of histone posttranslational modifications, a crucial epigenetic mechanism in embryonic neurogenesis that regulates fate commitment and neuronal differentiation. During embryonic development, the repressive modification trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me3) contributes to the cellular identity of different cell-types. However, the role of this modification and its H3K9 methyltransferases has not been elucidated in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We determined that during the stages of neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus and in cultured adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs), there was a dynamic change in the expression and distribution of H3K9me3, being enriched at early stages of the neurogenic process. A similar pattern was observed in the hippocampus for the dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2), another repressive modification. Among H3K9 methyltransferases, the enzymes Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 exhibited high levels of expression at early stages of neurogenesis and their expression decreased upon differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of these enzymes by chaetocin in AHPs reduced H3K9me3 and concomitantly decreased neuronal differentiation while increasing proliferation. Moreover, Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 knockdown in newborn cells of the adult mouse dentate gyrus by retrovirus-mediated RNA interference impaired neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells. Our results indicate that H3K9me3 and H3K9 methyltransferases Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 are critically involved in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by controlling the differentiation of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel V Guerra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías I Cáceres
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Herrera-Soto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián B Arredondo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Functional Evaluation of KEL as an Oncogenic Gene in the Progression of Acute Erythroleukemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5885342. [PMID: 35140839 PMCID: PMC8819426 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5885342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute erythroleukemia (AEL) is an infrequent subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with worse prognosis. Though the last decade has seen major advances in the novel features and genomic landscape in AEL, there is still a lack of specific therapeutic targets and effective treatment approaches for this disease. Here, we found a novel oncogene KEL that specifically and aberrantly expressed in patients with AEL. In this study, we demonstrated that KEL promoted cell proliferation and the downregulation of KEL reversed drug resistance in AEL cells to JQ1. Our findings suggested that KEL contributed to gain of H3K27 acetylation and promoted erythroid differentiation induced by GATA1. Additionally, GATA1 and TAL1 as cotranscription factors (TFs) modulated the expression of KEL. Maintaining cell viability and differentiation, KEL also played parts in the immune evasion of tumor cells. Our work expands the current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms involved in cancer onset and progression, offering promising therapeutic target to broaden the treatment options.
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29
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Idigo NJ, Voigt P. Detection and Quantification of Histone Methyltransferase Activity In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2529:43-61. [PMID: 35733009 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2481-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) catalyze the methylation of lysine and arginine residues in histone as well as nonhistone substrates. In vitro histone methyltransferase assays have been instrumental in identifying HMTs, and they continue to be invaluable tools for the study of these important enzymes, revealing novel substrates and modes of regulation.Here we describe a universal protocol to examine HMT activity in vitro that can be adapted to a range of HMTs, substrates, and experimental objectives. We provide protocols for the detection of activity based on incorporation of 3H-labeled methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), methylation-specific antibodies, and quantification of the reaction product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwamaka J Idigo
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philipp Voigt
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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30
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Tu S. In Vitro Histone Demethylase Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2529:63-88. [PMID: 35733010 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2481-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic histone methylation regulates gene activation and repression. It is involved in proliferation, differentiation, lineage specification, and development. Histone demethylase assays are invaluable in studying histone demethylation substrate recognition, kinetics, regulation, and inhibition by small molecules, many of which are potential therapeutics. Here we describe general procedures to purify recombinant enzymes from different expression hosts, and to prepare a broad range of substrates, as well as to set up a variety of in vitro histone demethylase assays. These assays provide useful tools for discoveries from enzymes to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjiang Tu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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31
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Van de Walle T, Cools L, Mangelinckx S, D'hooghe M. Recent contributions of quinolines to antimalarial and anticancer drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113865. [PMID: 34655985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline, a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, has always been associated with a multitude of biological activities. Especially in antimalarial and anticancer research, quinoline played (and still plays) a central role, giving rise to the development of an array of quinoline-containing pharmaceuticals in these therapeutic areas. However, both diseases still affect millions of people every year, pointing to the necessity of new therapies. Quinolines have a long-standing history as antimalarial agents, but established quinoline-containing antimalarial drugs are now facing widespread resistance of the Plasmodium parasite. Nevertheless, as evidenced by a massive number of recent literature contributions, they are still of great value for future developments in this field. On the other hand, the number of currently approved anticancer drugs containing a quinoline scaffold are limited, but a strong increase and interest in quinoline compounds as potential anticancer agents can be seen in the last few years. In this review, a literature overview of recent contributions made by quinoline-containing compounds as potent antimalarial or anticancer agents is provided, covering publications between 2018 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van de Walle
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Cools
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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32
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Porazzi P, Petruk S, Pagliaroli L, De Dominici M, Deming D, Puccetti MV, Kushinsky S, Kumar G, Minieri V, Barbieri E, Deliard S, Grande A, Trizzino M, Gardini A, Canaani E, Palmisiano N, Porcu P, Ertel A, Fortina PM, Eischen CM, Mazo A, Calabretta B. Targeting chemotherapy to de-condensed H3K27me3-marked chromatin of AML cells enhances leukemia suppression. Cancer Res 2021; 82:458-471. [PMID: 34903608 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite treatment with intensive chemotherapy, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an aggressive malignancy with a dismal outcome in most patients. We found that AML cells exhibit an unusually rapid accumulation of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 on nascent DNA. In cell lines, primary cells and xenograft mouse models, inhibition of the H3K27 histone methyltransferase EZH2 to de-condense the H3K27me3-marked chromatin of AML cells enhanced chromatin accessibility and chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and leukemia suppression. These effects were further promoted when chromatin de-condensation of AML cells was induced upon S-phase entry after release from a transient G1 arrest mediated by CDK4/6 inhibition. In the p53-null KG-1 and THP-1 AML cell lines, EZH2 inhibitor and doxorubicin co-treatment induced transcriptional reprogramming that was, in part, dependent on de-repression of H3K27me3-marked gene promoters and led to increased expression of cell death-promoting and growth-inhibitory genes. In conclusion, decondensing H3K27me3-marked chromatin by EZH2 inhibition represents a promising approach to improve the efficacy of DNA-damaging cytotoxic agents in AML patients. This strategy might allow for a lowering of chemotherapy doses with a consequent reduction of treatment-related side effects in elderly AML patients or those with significant comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Porazzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Luca Pagliaroli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | | | - David Deming
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Matthew V Puccetti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Saul Kushinsky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Valentina Minieri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute
| | - Sandra Deliard
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute
| | - Alexis Grande
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | | | - Eli Canaani
- The Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | | | | | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University
| | | | | | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
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Sun Y, Lv R, Wu T, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yan J, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarin analogs as novel LSD1 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100311. [PMID: 34862974 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is associated with different cancer types, and it is increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Here, utilizing core hopping and conformational restriction strategies, we designed and synthesized a series of coumarin analogs that were shown to be potent LSD1 inhibitors in the enzyme assay. Furthermore, several potent compounds were selected to evaluate their antiproliferative activity on A549 cells and MGC-803 cells with high expression of LSD1. Among them, YX10 showed an anticlonogenic effect on A549 cells and MGC-803 cells, with IC50 values of 1.52 ± 0.16 and 0.98 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Modeling suggested that the inhibitors would bind to the active site of the protein located around the key residues of Asp555 and Lys661. Meanwhile, a preliminary druggability evaluation showed that compound YX10 showed favorable liver microsomal and moderate plasma stability and weak inhibitory activity against cytochrome P450 isoforms at 10 μM. All the results indicated that compound YX10 could represent a promising lead compound for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruicheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Mormino A, Cocozza G, Fontemaggi G, Valente S, Esposito V, Santoro A, Bernardini G, Santoni A, Fazi F, Mai A, Limatola C, Garofalo S. Histone-deacetylase 8 drives the immune response and the growth of glioma. Glia 2021; 69:2682-2698. [PMID: 34310727 PMCID: PMC8457175 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many epigenetic modifications occur in glioma, in particular the histone-deacetylase class proteins play a pivotal role in glioma development, driving the proliferation rate and the invasiveness of tumor cells, and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated the role of the histone deacetylase HDAC8 in the regulation of the immune response in glioma and tumor growth. We found that inhibition of HDAC8 by the specific inhibitor PCI-34051 reduces tumor volume in glioma mouse models. We reported that HDAC8 modulates the viability and the migration of human and murine glioma cells. Interestingly, HDAC8 inhibition increases the acetylation of alpha-tubulin, suggesting this epigenetic modification controls glioma migration. Furthermore, we identify HDAC8 as a key molecule that supports a poorly immunogenic tumor microenvironment, modulating microglial phenotype and regulating the gene transcription of NKG2D ligands that trigger the Natural Killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells. Altogether, these results identify HDAC8 as a key actor in glioma growth and tumor microenvironment, and pave the way to a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of immune escape in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit“Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute – IFORomeItaly
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and TechnologiesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatrySapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatrySapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur ItaliaSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | | | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur ItaliaSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and TechnologiesSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur ItaliaSapienza UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologySapienza UniversityRomeItaly
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35
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Nibona E, Niyonkuru C, Liang X, Yao Q, Zhao H. Essential Roles of PRMT5-MEP50 Complex Formation and Cancer Therapy. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Li X, Li XD. Integrative Chemical Biology Approaches to Deciphering the Histone Code: A Problem-Driven Journey. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3734-3747. [PMID: 34553920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary blueprint of a eukaryotic cell is encoded in its genomic DNA that is tightly compacted into chromatin together with histone proteins. The basic repeating units of chromatin fibers are nucleosomes, in which approximately 1.7 turns of DNA wrap around a proteinaceous octamer consisting of two copies of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Histones are extensively decorated by a variety of posttranslational modifications (PTMs, e.g., methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, phosphorylation, etc.), serving as one of the cellular mechanisms that regulates DNA-templated processes, including but not limited to gene transcription, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Most of the histone PTMs exist in dynamic fluctuations, and their on and off states are exquisitely regulated by enzymes known as "writers" and "erasers", respectively. When installed at certain sites, histone PTMs can change the local physicochemical environment and thereby directly influence the nucleosome and chromatin structures. Alternatively, histone PTMs can recruit effectors (or "readers") to signal the downstream events. A "histone code" hypothesis has been proposed in which the combinatory actions of different histone PTMs orchestrate the epigenetic landscape of cells, modulating the activity of the underlying DNA and maintaining the genome stability between generations. Accumulating evidence also suggests that malfunctions of histone PTMs are associated with the pathogenesis of human diseases, such as cancer. It is therefore important to fully decipher the histone code, namely, to dissect the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of histone PTMs.Owing to the advances in state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, dozens of novel histone modifications have been archived during the past decade. However, most of these newly identified histone PTMs remain poorly explored. To unravel the roles played by these PTMs in histone code, key questions that have driven our study are (i) how to detect the novel histone PTMs; (ii) how to identify the enzymes that catalyze the addition (writers) and removal (erasers) of the histone PTMs along with the regulating mechanisms; (iii) what is the biological significance of the histone PTMs and how do they function, by affecting the nucleosome and chromatin dynamics or by recruiting readers; and (iv) how to develop chemical probes to interrogate the histone PTMs or even serve as potential leads for the drug discovery campaigns to treat diseases caused by abnormalities in the regulation of histone PTMs.This Account focuses on our efforts in developing and applying chemical tools and methods to answer the above questions. Specifically, we review the detection of negatively charged histone acylations by developing and applying chemical reporters; preparing homogeneous nucleosomes carrying negatively charged acylations by protein chemistry approaches and the in vitro biophysical analyses of the effects of the acylations on nucleosome structures; investigating the negatively charged acylations' influence on chromatin dynamics in vivo using yeast genetic approaches; identifying and characterizing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediated by histone PTMs in different biological contexts (i.e., to identify the readers and erasers) by establishing a chemical proteomics platform that is enabled by photo-cross-linking chemistry and quantitative proteomics strategies; and manipulating PTM-mediated PPIs by the structure-guided design of inhibitors. We also discuss possible future directions in our journey to fully decipher the histone code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China
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Lou W, Gao K, Xu C, Li Q. Bromodomain-containing protein 9 is a prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltrates and promotes tumor malignancy through activating notch signaling pathway in negative HIF-2α clear cell renal cell carcinoma. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1334-1347. [PMID: 34415102 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HIF-2α selective inhibitor showed successful efficacy in sensitive clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) presenting higher levels of HIF-2α compared to resistant tumors with low level of HIF-2α (negative HIF-2α ccRCC). Currently, negative HIF-2α ccRCC lacks truly effective therapeutic agents to improve the outcomes. Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) plays a critical role in human hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and so on. However, expression and biological role of BRD9 in negative HIF-2α ccRCC is poorly understood. Clinically, we demonstrated that expression of BRD9 in negative HIF-2α ccRCC tissues was higher than that in positive HIF-2α ccRCC. Moreover, high BRD9 expression was correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological features and predicted the poor overall survival of negative HIF-2α ccRCC patients. Functionally, BRD9 knockout resulted in reduced proliferation, migration and invasion of negative HIF-2α ccRCC cells (Caki-2). In addition, BRD9 was related to the TIIC infiltration level in negative HIF-2α ccRCC tissues. Mechanistically, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that BRD9 was closely related to Notch signaling pathway. BRD9 knockout resulted in reduced mRNA level of Hes1 and Notch1 in negative HIF-2α ccRCC in vitro. The overexpression of NICD (Notch intracellular domain) enhanced malignant behaviors of Caki-2 cells with BRD9 knockout. And Notch inhibition led to attenuation of cell growth and reduced migration and invasion in Caki-2 cells. Overall, our results identified that BRD9 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of negative HIF-2α ccRCC cells by targeting Notch signaling pathway and serve as a promising biomarker for negative HIF-2α ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Lou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyue Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang W, Feng Y, Zhou J, Cheung OKW, Cao J, Wang J, Tang W, Tu Y, Xu L, Wu F, Tan Z, Sun H, Tian Y, Wong J, Lai PBS, Chan SL, Chan AWH, Tan PBO, Chen Z, Sung JJY, Yip KYL, To KF, Cheng ASL. A selective HDAC8 inhibitor potentiates antitumor immunity and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/588/eaaz6804. [PMID: 33827976 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz6804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient T cell infiltration into noninflamed tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), restricts the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) for a subset of patients. Epigenetic therapy provides further opportunities to rewire cancer-associated transcriptional programs, but whether and how selective epigenetic inhibition counteracts the immune-excluded phenotype remain incompletely defined. Here, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27)-specific isozyme overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, thwarts HCC tumorigenicity in a T cell-dependent manner. The tumor-suppressive effect of selective HDAC8 inhibition was abrogated by CD8+ T cell depletion or regulatory T cell adoptive transfer. Chromatin profiling of human HDAC8-expressing HCCs revealed genome-wide H3K27 deacetylation in 1251 silenced enhancer-target gene pairs that are enriched in metabolic and immune regulators. Mechanistically, down-regulation of HDAC8 increased global and enhancer acetylation of H3K27 to reactivate production of T cell-trafficking chemokines by HCC cells, thus relieving T cell exclusion in both immunodeficient and humanized mouse models. In an HCC preclinical model, selective HDAC8 inhibition increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and potentiated eradication of established hepatomas by anti-PD-L1 therapy without evidence of toxicity. Mice treated with HDAC8 and PD-L1 coblockade were protected against subsequent tumor rechallenge as a result of the induction of memory T cells and remained tumor-free for greater than 15 months. Collectively, our study demonstrates that selective HDAC8 inhibition elicits effective and durable responses to ICB by co-opting adaptive immunity through enhancer reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Otto Ka-Wing Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jianquan Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wenshu Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yalin Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hanyong Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Paul Bo-San Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Anthony Wing-Hung Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Patrick Boon-Ooi Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Department of Microbiology and Research Center for Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kevin Yuk-Lap Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
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Albanese KI, Waters ML. Contributions of methionine to recognition of trimethyllysine in aromatic cage of PHD domains: implications of polarizability, hydrophobicity, and charge on binding. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8900-8908. [PMID: 34257891 PMCID: PMC8246079 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of trimethyllysine (Kme3) by reader proteins is an important regulator of gene expression. This recognition event is mediated by an aromatic cage made up of 2-4 aromatic residues in the reader proteins that bind Kme3 via cation-π interactions. A small subset of reader proteins contain a methionine (Met) residue in place of an aromatic sidechain in the binding pocket. The unique role of sulfur in molecular recognition has been demonstrated in a number of noncovalent interactions recently, including interactions of thiols, thioethers, and sulfoxides with aromatic rings. However, the interaction of a thioether with an ammonium ion has not previously been investigated and the role of Met in binding Kme3 has not yet been explored. Herein, we systematically vary the Met in two reader proteins, DIDO1 and TAF3, and the ligand, Kme3 or its neutral analog tert-butyl norleucine (tBuNle), to determine the role of Met in the recognition of the cationic Kme3. Our studies demonstrate that Met contributes to binding via dispersion forces, with about an equal contribution to binding Kme3 and tBuNle, indicating that electrostatic interactions do not play a role. During the course of these studies, we also discovered that DIDO1 exhibits equivalent binding to tBuNle and Kme3 through a change in the mechanism of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I Albanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB 3290 Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Marcey L Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB 3290 Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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40
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the DNA methylation in colorectal cancer among Iranian population. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Paradzik T, Bandini C, Mereu E, Labrador M, Taiana E, Amodio N, Neri A, Piva R. The Landscape of Signaling Pathways and Proteasome Inhibitors Combinations in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1235. [PMID: 33799793 PMCID: PMC8000754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, characterized by an extreme genetic heterogeneity that poses great challenges for its successful treatment. Due to antibody overproduction, MM cells depend on the precise regulation of the protein degradation systems. Despite the success of PIs in MM treatment, resistance and adverse toxic effects such as peripheral neuropathy and cardiotoxicity could arise. To this end, the use of rational combinatorial treatments might allow lowering the dose of inhibitors and therefore, minimize their side-effects. Even though the suppression of different cellular pathways in combination with proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable anti-myeloma activities in preclinical models, many of these promising combinations often failed in clinical trials. Substantial progress has been made by the simultaneous targeting of proteasome and different aspects of MM-associated immune dysfunctions. Moreover, targeting deranged metabolic hubs could represent a new avenue to identify effective therapeutic combinations with PIs. Finally, epigenetic drugs targeting either DNA methylation, histone modifiers/readers, or chromatin remodelers are showing pleiotropic anti-myeloma effects alone and in combination with PIs. We envisage that the positive outcome of patients will probably depend on the availability of more effective drug combinations and treatment of early MM stages. Therefore, the identification of sensitive targets and aberrant signaling pathways is instrumental for the development of new personalized therapies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Paradzik
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (T.P.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Cecilia Bandini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (T.P.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Mereu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (T.P.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Labrador
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (T.P.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (E.T.); (A.N.)
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy; (E.T.); (A.N.)
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Piva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (T.P.); (C.B.); (E.M.); (M.L.)
- Città Della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy
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42
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Vaca HR, Celentano AM, Toscanini MA, Heimburg T, Ghazy E, Zeyen P, Hauser AT, Oliveira G, Elissondo MC, Jung M, Sippl W, Camicia F, Rosenzvit MC. The potential for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as cestocidal drugs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009226. [PMID: 33657105 PMCID: PMC7959350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis and cysticercosis are neglected tropical diseases caused by cestode parasites (family Taeniidae). Not only there is a small number of approved anthelmintics for the treatment of these cestodiases, but also some of them are not highly effective against larval stages, such that identifying novel drug targets and their associated compounds is critical. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are validated drug targets in cancers and other diseases, and have been gaining relevance for developing new potential anti-parasitic treatments in the last years. Here, we present the anthelmintic profile for a panel of recently developed HDAC inhibitors against the model cestode Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti). Methodology/Principal findings Phenotypic screening was performed on M. vogae by motility measurements and optical microscopic observations. Some HDAC inhibitors showed potent anthelmintic activities; three of them -entinostat, TH65, and TH92- had pronounced anthelmintic effects, reducing parasite viability by ~100% at concentrations of ≤ 20 μM. These compounds were selected for further characterization and showed anthelmintic effects in the micromolar range and in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, these compounds induced major alterations on the morphology and ultrastructural features of M. vogae. The potencies of these compounds were higher than albendazole and the anthelmintic effects were irreversible. Additionally, we evaluated pairwise drug combinations of these HDAC inhibitors and albendazole. The results suggested a positive interaction in the anthelmintic effect for individual pairs of compounds. Due to the maximum dose approved for entinostat, adjustments in the dose regime and/or combinations with currently-used anthelmintic drugs are needed, and the selectivity of TH65 and TH92 towards parasite targets should be assessed. Conclusion, significance The results presented here suggest that HDAC inhibitors represent novel and potent drug candidates against cestodes and pave the way to understanding the roles of HDACs in these parasites. Neglected tropical diseases, such as echinococcosis and cysticercosis, which are caused by taeniid cestodes (tapeworms), represent serious public health problems in many countries around the world. Given that there is only a small number of approved anthelmintics for the treatment of cestodiases, and that most of them are not highly effective against larval stages, identifying novel drug targets and their associated compounds is critical. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that produce epigenetic modifications of chromatin, thus modifying cellular gene expression. In this study, we evaluate and characterize a number of HDAC inhibitors on the model cestode Mesocestoides vogae and report the anthelmintic profile of these compounds. Some of the HDAC inhibitors tested showed potent anthelmintic effects, particularly entinostat, TH65 and TH92. These compounds were selected as the most promising candidates due to their high potencies, which were superior to the commercially-available anthelmintic drug albendazole. We also evaluated pairwise drug combinations of HDAC inhibitors and albendazole. The findings of this study provide a starting point for the development of new HDAC-based cestocidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Rolando Vaca
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Celentano
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Toscanini
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tino Heimburg
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Ehab Ghazy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Patrik Zeyen
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - María Celina Elissondo
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Federico Camicia
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (FC); (MCR)
| | - Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET). Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (FC); (MCR)
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Stakišaitis D, Damanskienė E, Curkūnavičiūtė R, Juknevičienė M, Alonso MM, Valančiūtė A, Ročka S, Balnytė I. The Effectiveness of Dichloroacetate on Human Glioblastoma Xenograft Growth Depends on Na+ and Mg2+ Cations. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821990166. [PMID: 33716589 PMCID: PMC7923996 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821990166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study's aim was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium dichloroacetate (NaDCA) or magnesium dichloroacetate (MgDCA) on adult U87 MG and pediatric PBT24 cell lines glioblastoma (GB) xenografts in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The study groups were: treated with 10 mM, 5 mM of NaDCA, and 5 mM, 2.5 mM of MgDCA, and controls. The U87 MG and PBT24 xenografts growth, frequency of tumor invasion into CAM, CAM thickening, and the number of blood vessels in CAM differed depending on the dichloroacetate salt treatment. NaDCA impact on U87 MG and PBT24 tumor on proliferating cell nunclear antigen (PCNA) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression in the tumor was different, depending on the NaDCA dose. The 5 mM MgDCA impact was more potent and had similar effects on U87 MG and PBT24 tumors, and its impact was also reflected in changes in PCNA and EZH2 expression in tumor cells. The U87 MG and PBT24 tumor response variations to treatment with different NaDCA concentration on tumor growth or a contrast between NaDCA and MgDCA effectiveness may reflect some differences in U87 MG and PBT24 cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Curkūnavičiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Maria Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Ročka
- Centre of Neurosurgery, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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44
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Kung PP, Fan C, Gukasyan HJ, Huang B, Kephart S, Kraus M, Lee JH, Sutton SC, Yamazaki S, Zehnder L. Design and Characterization of a Pyridone-Containing EZH2 Inhibitor Phosphate Prodrug. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1725-1732. [PMID: 33529029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A pyridone-derived phosphate prodrug of an enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor was designed and synthesized to improve the inhibitor's aqueous solubility. This prodrug (compound 5) was profiled in pharmacokinetic experiments to assess its ability to deliver the corresponding parent compound (compound 2) to animals in vivo following oral administration. Results from these studies showed that the prodrug was efficiently converted to its parent compound in vivo. In separate experiments, the prodrug demonstrated impressive in vivo tumor growth inhibition in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Karpas-422 cell line-derived xenograft model. The described prodrug strategy is expected to be generally applicable to poorly soluble pyridone-containing EZH2 inhibitors and provides a new option to enable such compounds to achieve sufficiently high exposures in vivo.
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45
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Srikanthan D, Taccone MS, Van Ommeren R, Ishida J, Krumholtz SL, Rutka JT. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: current insights and future directions. Chin Neurosurg J 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33423692 PMCID: PMC7798267 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-020-00218-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor and the leading cause of brain tumor–related death in children. As several clinical trials over the past few decades have led to no significant improvements in outcome, the current standard of care remains fractionated focal radiation. Due to the recent increase in stereotactic biopsies, tumor tissue availabilities have enabled our advancement of the genomic and molecular characterization of this lethal cancer. Several groups have identified key histone gene mutations, genetic drivers, and methylation changes in DIPG, providing us with new insights into DIPG tumorigenesis. Subsequently, there has been increased development of in vitro and in vivo models of DIPG which have the capacity to unveil novel therapies and strategies for drug delivery. This review outlines the clinical characteristics, genetic landscape, models, and current treatments and hopes to shed light on novel therapeutic avenues and challenges that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilakshan Srikanthan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Taccone
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Randy Van Ommeren
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Joji Ishida
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Stacey L Krumholtz
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 1503, 555, University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease-along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations-reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Okechukwu C. Deciphering and manipulating the epigenome for the treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_90_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhu X, Liao Y, Tang L. Targeting BRD9 for Cancer Treatment: A New Strategy. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13191-13200. [PMID: 33380808 PMCID: PMC7769155 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) is a newly identified subunit of the non-canonical barrier-to-autointegration factor (ncBAF) complex and a member of the bromodomain family IV. Studies have confirmed that BRD9 plays an oncogenic role in multiple cancer types, by regulating tumor cell growth. The tumor biological functions of BRD9 are mainly due to epigenetic modification mediated by its bromodomain. The bromodomain recruits the ncBAF complex to the promoter to regulate gene transcription. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of action of BRD9 in carcinogenesis and the emerging strategies for targeting BRD9 for cancer therapeutics. Although the therapeutic potential of BRD9 has been exploited to some extent, research on the detailed biological mechanisms of BRD9 is still in its infancy. Therefore, targeting BRD9 to study its biological roles will be an attractive tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but it remains a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Wei F, Jing H, Wei M, Liu L, Wu J, Wang M, Han D, Yang F, Yang B, Jiao D, Zheng G, Zhang L, Xi W, Guo Z, Yang AG, Qin W, Zhou Y, Wen W. Ring finger protein 2 promotes colorectal cancer progression by suppressing early growth response 1. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:26199-26220. [PMID: 33346749 PMCID: PMC7803491 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) is an important component of polycomb repressive complex 1. RNF2 is upregulated in many kinds of tumors, and elevated RNF2 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in certain cancers. To assess the function of RNF2 in colorectal cancer, we examined RNF2 protein levels in 313 paired colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. We then analyzed the association of RNF2 expression with the patients’ clinicopathologic features and prognoses. RNF2 expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and was associated with the tumor differentiation status, tumor stage and prognosis. In colorectal cancer cell lines, downregulation of RNF2 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Gene microarray analysis revealed that early growth response 1 (EGR1) was upregulated in RNF2-knockdown cells. Knocking down EGR1 partially reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in RNF2-knockdown cells. RNF2 was enriched at the EGR1 promoter, where it mono-ubiquitinated histone H2A, thereby inhibiting EGR1 expression. These results indicate that RNF2 is oncogenic in colorectal cancer and may promote disease progression by inhibiting EGR1 expression. RNF2 is thus a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Haoren Jing
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300013, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Urology Department of No. 989 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jieheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhangyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300013, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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An S, Camarillo JM, Huang TYT, Li D, Morris JA, Zoltek MA, Qi J, Behbahani M, Kambhampati M, Kelleher NL, Nazarian J, Thomas PM, Saratsis AM. Histone tail analysis reveals H3K36me2 and H4K16ac as epigenetic signatures of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:261. [PMID: 33239043 PMCID: PMC7687710 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive pediatric brainstem tumor. Most DIPGs harbor a histone H3 mutation, which alters histone post-translational modification (PTM) states and transcription. Here, we employed quantitative proteomic analysis to elucidate the impact of the H3.3K27M mutation, as well as radiation and bromodomain inhibition (BRDi) with JQ1, on DIPG PTM profiles. METHODS We performed targeted mass spectrometry on H3.3K27M mutant and wild-type tissues (n = 12) and cell lines (n = 7). RESULTS We found 29.2 and 26.4% of total H3.3K27 peptides were H3.3K27M in mutant DIPG tumor cell lines and tissue specimens, respectively. Significant differences in modification states were observed in H3.3K27M specimens, including at H3K27, H3K36, and H4K16. In addition, H3.3K27me1 and H4K16ac were the most significantly distinct modifications in H3.3K27M mutant tumors, relative to wild-type. Further, H3.3K36me2 was the most abundant co-occurring modification on the H3.3K27M mutant peptide in DIPG tissue, while H4K16ac was the most acetylated residue. Radiation treatment caused changes in PTM abundance in vitro, including increased H3K9me3. JQ1 treatment resulted in increased mono- and di-methylation of H3.1K27, H3.3K27, H3.3K36 and H4K20 in vitro. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings provide insight into the effects of the H3K27M mutation on histone modification states and response to treatment, and suggest that H3K36me2 and H4K16ac may represent unique tumor epigenetic signatures for targeted DIPG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejuan An
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeannie M Camarillo
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tina Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daphne Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juliette A Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madeline A Zoltek
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mandana Behbahani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhuri Kambhampati
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Amanda M Saratsis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 28., Chicago, IL, 60611-2991, USA.
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