1
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Lu F, Pausata FSR, Mohtadi M. Reconstruct the intertropical convergence zone over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool with extended records and empirical orthogonal function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2408502121. [PMID: 38913901 PMCID: PMC11228528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2408502121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Lu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Francesco S. R. Pausata
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, MontrealH2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- Marine Umweltwissenschaften-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen28359, Germany
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2
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Yuan S, Chiang HW, Liu G, Bijaksana S, He S, Jiang X, Imran AM, Wicaksono SA, Wang X. Reply to Lu et al.: Robust Intertropical Convergence Zone variability reconstructed from Maritime Continent speleothem δ 18O records. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2409163121. [PMID: 38913884 PMCID: PMC11228496 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2409163121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Yuan
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong-Wei Chiang
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guangxin Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Satria Bijaksana
- Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Shaoneng He
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiuyang Jiang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Andi M Imran
- Department of Geological Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Satrio A Wicaksono
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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3
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Dawson RR, Burns SJ, Tiger BH, McGee D, Faina P, Scroxton N, Godfrey LR, Ranivoharimanana L. Zonal control on Holocene precipitation in northwestern Madagascar based on a stalagmite from Anjohibe. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5496. [PMID: 38448499 PMCID: PMC10917758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Malagasy Summer Monsoon is an important part of the larger Indian Ocean and tropical monsoon region. As the effects of global warming play out, changes to precipitation in Madagascar will have important ramifications for the Malagasy people. To help understand how precipitation responds to climate changes we present a long-term Holocene speleothem record from Anjohibe, part of the Andranoboka cave system in northwestern Madagascar. To date, it is the most complete Holocene record from this region and sheds light on the nature of millennial and centennial precipitation changes in this region. We find that over the Holocene, precipitation in northwestern Madagascar is actually in phase with the Northern Hemisphere Asian monsoon on multi-millennial scales, but that during some shorter centennial-scale events such as the 8.2 ka event, Anjohibe exhibits an antiphase precipitation signal to the Northern Hemisphere. The ultimate driver of precipitation changes across the Holocene does not appear to be the meridional migration of the monsoon. Instead, zonal sea surface temperature gradients in the Indian Ocean seem to play a primary role in precipitation changes in northwestern Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin R Dawson
- Department of Earth, Geographic and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Stephen J Burns
- Department of Earth, Geographic and Climate Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin H Tiger
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - David McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peterson Faina
- The Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | - Nick Scroxton
- Irish Climate Analysis and Research Units, Department of Geography, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Laurie R Godfrey
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana
- Mention Bassins Sédimentaires, Evolution, Conservation, Faculté des Sciences, Université D'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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4
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Zhuravleva A, Bauch HA, Mohtadi M, Fahl K, Kienast M. Caribbean salinity anomalies contributed to variable North Atlantic circulation and climate during the Common Era. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2639. [PMID: 37922353 PMCID: PMC10624350 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Paleoceanographic reconstructions show that the strength of North Atlantic currents decreased during the Little Ice Age. In contrast, the role of ocean circulation in climate regulation during earlier historical epochs of the Common Era (C.E.) remains unclear. Here, we reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity in the Caribbean Basin for the past 1700 years using the isotopic and elemental composition of planktic foraminifera tests. Centennial-scale SST and salinity variations in the Caribbean co-occur with (hydro)climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and are linked to a North Atlantic SST forcing. Cold phases around 600, 800, and 1400 to 1600 C.E. are characterized by Caribbean salinification and Gulf of Mexico freshening that implies reductions in the strength of North Atlantic surface circulation. We suggest that the associated changes in the meridional salt advection contributed to the historical climate variability of the C.E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zhuravleva
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henning A. Bauch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Fahl
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Markus Kienast
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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5
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Yi L, Zhong F, Lu Z, Wan S, Du Y, Xiang R. A contracting Intertropical Convergence Zone during the Early Heinrich Stadial 1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4695. [PMID: 37542043 PMCID: PMC10403598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the response of tropical hydroclimate to North Atlantic cooling events during the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) has been extensively studied in African, South American and Indonesia, the nature of such responses remains debated. Here we investigate the tropical hydroclimate pattern over the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region during the HS1 by integrating hydroclimatic records, and examining a δ18Oseawater record from Globigerinoides ruber (white) in the tropical Indian Ocean. Our findings indicate that tropical hydrological conditions were synchronously arid in both hemispheres during the early HS1 (~18.3-16.3 ka) in the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region, except for a narrow, wet hydrological belt in northern low latitudes, suggesting the existence of a contracted tropical precipitation belt at that time. This study reveals that the meltwater discharge and resulting changes in global temperatures and El Niño exerted a profound influence on the tropical hydroclimate in the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region during the early HS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Liang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fuchang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhengyao Lu
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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6
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Bagniewski W, Rousseau DD, Ghil M. The PaleoJump database for abrupt transitions in past climates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4472. [PMID: 36934110 PMCID: PMC10024733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tipping points (TPs) in Earth's climate system have been the subject of increasing interest and concern in recent years, given the risk that anthropogenic forcing could cause abrupt, potentially irreversible, climate transitions. Paleoclimate records are essential for identifying past TPs and for gaining a thorough understanding of the underlying nonlinearities and bifurcation mechanisms. However, the quality, resolution, and reliability of these records can vary, making it important to carefully select the ones that provide the most accurate representation of past climates. Moreover, as paleoclimate time series vary in their origin, time spans, and periodicities, an objective, automated methodology is crucial for identifying and comparing TPs. To address these challenges, we introduce the open-source PaleoJump database, which contains a collection of carefully selected, high-resolution records originating in ice cores, marine sediments, speleothems, terrestrial records, and lake sediments. These records describe climate variability on centennial, millennial and longer time scales and cover all the continents and ocean basins. We provide an overview of their spatial distribution and discuss the gaps in coverage. Our statistical methodology includes an augmented Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Recurrence Quantification Analysis; it is applied here, for illustration purposes, to selected records in which abrupt transitions are automatically detected and the presence of potential tipping elements is investigated. These transitions are shown in the PaleoJump database along with other essential information about the records, including location, temporal scale and resolution, as well as temporal plots. This open-source database represents, therefore, a valuable resource for researchers investigating TPs in past climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Bagniewski
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.
| | - Denis-Didier Rousseau
- Geosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Physics - CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Michael Ghil
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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7
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Du X, Russell JM, Liu Z, Otto-Bliesner BL, Oppo DW, Mohtadi M, Zhu C, Galy VV, Schefuß E, Yan Y, Rosenthal Y, Dubois N, Arbuszewski J, Gao Y. North Atlantic cooling triggered a zonal mode over the Indian Ocean during Heinrich Stadial 1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4909. [PMID: 36598985 PMCID: PMC9812376 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abrupt changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are thought to affect tropical hydroclimate through adjustment of the latitudinal position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) involves the largest AMOC reduction in recent geological time; however, over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO), proxy records suggest zonal anomalies featuring intense, widespread drought in tropical East Africa versus generally wet but heterogeneous conditions in the Maritime Continent. Here, we synthesize proxy data and an isotope-enabled transient deglacial simulation and show that the southward ITCZ shift over the eastern IO during HS1 strengthens IO Walker circulation, triggering an east-west precipitation dipole across the basin. This dipole reverses the zonal precipitation anomalies caused by the exposed Sunda and Sahul shelves due to glacial lower sea level. Our study illustrates how zonal modes of atmosphere-ocean circulation can amplify or reverse global climate anomalies, highlighting their importance for future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Du
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James M. Russell
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Delia W. Oppo
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Valier V. Galy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Enno Schefuß
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yair Rosenthal
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nathalie Dubois
- Department of Surface Waters Research and Management, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Arbuszewski
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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Antiphase response of the Indonesian-Australian monsoon to millennial-scale events of the last glacial period. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20214. [PMID: 36424387 PMCID: PMC9691635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphase behaviour of monsoon systems in alternate hemispheres is well established at yearly and orbital scales in response to alternating sensible heating of continental landmasses. At intermediate timescales without a sensible heating mechanism both in-phase and antiphase behaviours of northern and southern hemisphere monsoon systems are recorded at different places and timescales. At present, there is no continuous, high resolution, precisely dated record of millennial-scale variability of the Indonesian-Australian monsoon during the last glacial period with which to test theories of paleomonsoon behaviour. Here, we present an extension of the Liang Luar, Flores, speleothem δ18O record of past changes in southern hemisphere summer monsoon intensity back to 55.7 kyr BP. Negative δ18O excursions (stronger monsoon) occur during Heinrich events whereas positive excursions (weaker monsoon) occur during Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials-a first order antiphase relationship with northern hemisphere summer monsoon records. An association of negative δ18O excursions with speleothem growth phases in Liang Luar suggests that these stronger monsoons are related to higher rainfall amounts. However, the response to millennial-scale variability is inconsistent, including a particularly weak response to Heinrich event 3. We suggest that additional drivers such as underlying orbital-scale variability and drip hydrology influence the δ18O response.
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9
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Huang M, Deng Y, Peng H, Wen Z, Shang G, Guan H, Ma C. Hydroclimatic changes since the Last Glacial Maximum recorded in mountain peat deposit on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin, China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the hydroclimatic changes in Southwest China since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is crucial for disentangling the long-term evolution of the Asia Monsoon and predicting the future fate of the mountain peat deposit in the Asia Monsoon region. In this study, we obtained a 530-cm-long peat core from the Ganchi wetland in Southwest China and analyzed its geochemical indices, including total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), stable carbon isotope composition of organics (δ13Corg), and the concentration of several major elements, to investigate the sedimentary and hydroclimate evolution since the LGM. We found that the peat strata in the Ganchi wetland have developed gradually from 13.7 cal kyr BP, which is likely ascribed to the warm climate during the Bølling-Allerød (B/A) period. TOC, δ13Corg, K/Ti, and Fe/Mn records showed notable paleoclimate shifts since the last deglaciation. The first warming period after the LGM was observed starting at 18.2 cal kyr BP, which is consistent with other records from Southwest China. The reconstruction results show that the western margin of the Sichuan Basin during the last deglaciation was most affected by the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM), and less affected by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The climate of the early Holocene (11.2–7.5 cal kyr BP) was affected by both the ISM and EASM, resulting in more complex local climatic features. The Holocene Megathermal period observed from 7.5 to 3.5 cal kyr BP, is consistent with the timing detected in other records of Southwest China.
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10
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Jian Z, Wang Y, Dang H, Mohtadi M, Rosenthal Y, Lea DW, Liu Z, Jin H, Ye L, Kuhnt W, Wang X. Warm pool ocean heat content regulates ocean-continent moisture transport. Nature 2022; 612:92-99. [PMID: 36261525 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) exerts a dominant role in global climate by releasing huge amounts of water vapour and latent heat to the atmosphere and modulating upper ocean heat content (OHC), which has been implicated in modern climate change1. The long-term variations of IPWP OHC and their effect on monsoonal hydroclimate are, however, not fully explored. Here, by combining geochemical proxies and transient climate simulations, we show that changes of IPWP upper (0-200 m) OHC over the past 360,000 years exhibit dominant precession and weaker obliquity cycles and follow changes in meridional insolation gradients, and that only 30%-40% of the deglacial increases are related to changes in ice volume. On the precessional band, higher upper OHC correlates with oxygen isotope enrichments in IPWP surface water and concomitant depletion in East Asian precipitation as recorded in Chinese speleothems. Using an isotope-enabled air-sea coupled model, we suggest that on precessional timescales, variations in IPWP upper OHC, more than surface temperature, act to amplify the ocean-continent hydrological cycle via the convergence of moisture and latent heat. From an energetic viewpoint, the coupling of upper OHC and monsoon variations, both coordinated by insolation changes on orbital timescales, is critical for regulating the global hydroclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haowen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yair Rosenthal
- Department of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - David W Lea
- Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Zhongfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Ye
- Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wolfgang Kuhnt
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Løland MH, Krüger Y, Fernandez A, Buckingham F, Carolin SA, Sodemann H, Adkins JF, Cobb KM, Meckler AN. Evolution of tropical land temperature across the last glacial termination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5158. [PMID: 36055993 PMCID: PMC9440061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical West Pacific hosts the warmest part of the surface ocean and has a considerable impact on the global climate system. Reconstructions of past temperature in this region can elucidate climate connections between the tropics and poles and the sensitivity of tropical temperature to greenhouse forcing. However, existing data are equivocal and reliable information from terrestrial archives is particularly sparse. Here we constrain the magnitude and timing of land temperature change in the tropical West Pacific across the last deglaciation using an exceptionally precise paleothermometer applied to a well-dated stalagmite from Northern Borneo. We show that the cave temperature increased by 4.4 ± 0.3 °C (2 SEM) from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, amounting to 3.6 ± 0.3 °C (2 SEM) when correcting for sea-level induced cave altitude change. The warming closely follows atmospheric CO2 and Southern Hemisphere warming. This contrasts with hydroclimate, as reflected by drip water δ18O, which responds to Northern Hemisphere cooling events in the form of prominent drying, while temperature was rising. Our results thus show a close response of tropical temperature to greenhouse forcing, independent of shifts in the tropical circulation patterns. Ancient drip water in a Borneo stalagmite reveals a strong land temperature rise across the last glacial termination in close correspondence with atmospheric CO2, and an intriguing decoupling between tropical temperature and hydroclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Løland
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway. .,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway.
| | - Y Krüger
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway
| | - A Fernandez
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Buckingham
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S A Carolin
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Sodemann
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway.,Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway
| | - J F Adkins
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - K M Cobb
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A N Meckler
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5007, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway
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12
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Yang YM, Park JH, An SI, Yeh SW, Zhu Z, Liu F, Li J, Lee JY, Wang B. Increased Indian Ocean-North Atlantic Ocean warming chain under greenhouse warming. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3978. [PMID: 35803937 PMCID: PMC9270466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past half a century, both the Indian Ocean (IO) and the North Atlantic Ocean (NA) exhibit strong warming trends like a global mean surface temperature (SST). Here, we show that not only simply as a result of increased greenhouse gases, but the IO-NA interaction through atmospheric teleconnection boosts up their warming trends. Climate model simulations demonstrate that the IO warming increases the NA SST by enhancing the longwave radiation through atmospheric teleconnection, subsequently, the warmer NA SST-induced atmospheric teleconnection leads to IO warming by reducing evaporative cooling with weakened surface winds. This two-way interaction (i.e., IO-NA warming chain) acts as positive feedback that reinforces warming over both ocean basins. The Pacific Ocean is partly involved in this warming chain as a modulator in an interdecadal timescale. These results highlight the importance of understanding ocean-basin interactions that may provide a more accurate future projection of warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jae-Heung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Soon-Il An
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea. .,Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Irreversible Climate Change Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Wook Yeh
- Department Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, ERICA, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System Ministry of Education, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - June-Yi Lee
- Research Center for Climate Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, South Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.,Department of Atmospheric Sciences and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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13
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Portilho-Ramos RDC, Titschack J, Wienberg C, Siccha Rojas MG, Yokoyama Y, Hebbeln D. Major environmental drivers determining life and death of cold-water corals through time. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001628. [PMID: 35587463 PMCID: PMC9119455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-water corals (CWCs) are the engineers of complex ecosystems forming unique biodiversity hotspots in the deep sea. They are expected to suffer dramatically from future environmental changes in the oceans such as ocean warming, food depletion, deoxygenation, and acidification. However, over the last decades of intense deep-sea research, no extinction event of a CWC ecosystem is documented, leaving quite some uncertainty on their sensitivity to these environmental parameters. Paleoceanographic reconstructions offer the opportunity to align the on- and offsets of CWC proliferation to environmental parameters. Here, we present the synthesis of 6 case studies from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, revealing that food supply controlled by export production and turbulent hydrodynamics at the seabed exerted the strongest impact on coral vitality during the past 20,000 years, whereas locally low oxygen concentrations in the bottom water can act as an additional relevant stressor. The fate of CWCs in a changing ocean will largely depend on how these oceanographic processes will be modulated. Future ocean deoxygenation may be compensated regionally where the food delivery and food quality are optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Titschack
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Senckenberg am Meer, Marine Research Department, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Claudia Wienberg
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Yusuke Yokoyama
- Analytical Center for Environmental Science–Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dierk Hebbeln
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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14
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Zhao C, Rohling EJ, Liu Z, Yang X, Zhang E, Cheng J, Liu Z, An Z, Yang X, Feng X, Sun X, Zhang C, Yan T, Long H, Yan H, Yu Z, Liu W, Yu SY, Shen J. Possible obliquity-forced warmth in southern Asia during the last glacial stage. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1136-1145. [PMID: 36654347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Orbital-scale global climatic changes during the late Quaternary are dominated by high-latitude influenced ~100,000-year global ice-age cycles and monsoon influenced ~23,000-year low-latitude hydroclimate variations. However, the shortage of highly-resolved land temperature records remains a limiting factor for achieving a comprehensive understanding of long-term low-latitude terrestrial climatic changes. Here, we report paired mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and monsoon intensity proxy records over the past 88,000 years from Lake Tengchongqinghai in southwestern China. While summer monsoon intensity follows the ~23,000-year precession beat found also in previous studies, we identify previously unrecognized warm periods at 88,000-71,000 and 45,000-22,000 years ago, with 2-3 °C amplitudes that are close to our recorded full glacial-interglacial range. Using advanced transient climate simulations and comparing with forcing factors, we find that these warm periods in our MAAT record probably depends on local annual mean insolation, which is controlled by Earth's ~41,000-year obliquity cycles and is anti-phased to annual mean insolation at high latitudes. The coincidence of our identified warm periods and intervals of high-frequent dated archaeological evidence highlights the importance of temperature on anatomically modern humans in Asia during the last glacial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Eelco J Rohling
- Research School of Earth Sciences, the Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Yang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Enlou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhisheng An
- Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianlong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem 18015, USA; Institute for Peat and Mire Research, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shi-Yong Yu
- School of Geography, Geomatics, and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Ji Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Dang H, Jian Z, Wang Y, Mohtadi M, Rosenthal Y, Ye L, Bassinot F, Kuhnt W. Pacific warm pool subsurface heat sequestration modulated Walker circulation and ENSO activity during the Holocene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eabc0402. [PMID: 33055161 PMCID: PMC7556771 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics driving the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over longer-than-interannual time scales are poorly understood. Here, we compile thermocline temperature records of the Indo-Pacific warm pool over the past 25,000 years, which reveal a major warming in the Early Holocene and a secondary warming in the Middle Holocene. We suggest that the first thermocline warming corresponds to heat transport of southern Pacific shallow overturning circulation driven by June (austral winter) insolation maximum. The second thermocline warming follows equatorial September insolation maximum, which may have caused a steeper west-east upper-ocean thermal gradient and an intensified Walker circulation in the equatorial Pacific. We propose that the warm pool thermocline warming ultimately reduced the interannual ENSO activity in the Early to Middle Holocene. Thus, a substantially increased oceanic heat content of the warm pool, acting as a negative feedback for ENSO in the past, may play its role in the ongoing global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhimin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Yair Rosenthal
- Department of Marine and Coastal Science and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Liming Ye
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Franck Bassinot
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, University Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wolfgang Kuhnt
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Abstract
The Younger Dryas (YD), arguably the most widely studied millennial-scale extreme climate event, was characterized by diverse hydroclimate shifts globally and severe cooling at high northern latitudes that abruptly punctuated the warming trend from the last glacial to the present interglacial. To date, a precise understanding of its trigger, propagation, and termination remains elusive. Here, we present speleothem oxygen-isotope data that, in concert with other proxy records, allow us to quantify the timing of the YD onset and termination at an unprecedented subcentennial temporal precision across the North Atlantic, Asian Monsoon-Westerlies, and South American Monsoon regions. Our analysis suggests that the onsets of YD in the North Atlantic (12,870 ± 30 B.P.) and the Asian Monsoon-Westerlies region are essentially synchronous within a few decades and lead the onset in Antarctica, implying a north-to-south climate signal propagation via both atmospheric (decadal-time scale) and oceanic (centennial-time scale) processes, similar to the Dansgaard-Oeschger events during the last glacial period. In contrast, the YD termination may have started first in Antarctica at ∼11,900 B.P., or perhaps even earlier in the western tropical Pacific, followed by the North Atlantic between ∼11,700 ± 40 and 11,610 ± 40 B.P. These observations suggest that the initial YD termination might have originated in the Southern Hemisphere and/or the tropical Pacific, indicating a Southern Hemisphere/tropics to North Atlantic-Asian Monsoon-Westerlies directionality of climatic recovery.
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17
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Elevated dust depositions in West Asia linked to ocean-atmosphere shifts during North Atlantic cold events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18272-18277. [PMID: 32690680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid North Atlantic cooling events during the last deglaciation caused atmospheric reorganizations on global and regional scales. Their impact on Asian climate has been investigated for monsoonal domains, but remains largely unknown in westerly wind-dominated semiarid regions. Here we generate a dust record from southeastern Iran spanning the period 19 to 7 cal. ka B.P. We find a direct link between frequent occurrences of dust plumes originating from the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa and rapid southward shifts of the westerlies associated with changes of the winter stationary waves during Heinrich Stadial 1, the Younger Dryas, the Preboreal Oscillation, and the 8.2-ka event. Dust input rises and falls abruptly at the transitions into and out of these cooling events, which we attribute to changes in the ocean circulation strength that are modulated by the North Atlantic winter sea-ice cover. Our findings reveal that waxing and waning of North American ice sheets have a stronger influence than those of European ice sheets on the winter climate over West Asia.
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18
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Kaufman D, McKay N, Routson C, Erb M, Davis B, Heiri O, Jaccard S, Tierney J, Dätwyler C, Axford Y, Brussel T, Cartapanis O, Chase B, Dawson A, de Vernal A, Engels S, Jonkers L, Marsicek J, Moffa-Sánchez P, Morrill C, Orsi A, Rehfeld K, Saunders K, Sommer PS, Thomas E, Tonello M, Tóth M, Vachula R, Andreev A, Bertrand S, Biskaborn B, Bringué M, Brooks S, Caniupán M, Chevalier M, Cwynar L, Emile-Geay J, Fegyveresi J, Feurdean A, Finsinger W, Fortin MC, Foster L, Fox M, Gajewski K, Grosjean M, Hausmann S, Heinrichs M, Holmes N, Ilyashuk B, Ilyashuk E, Juggins S, Khider D, Koinig K, Langdon P, Larocque-Tobler I, Li J, Lotter A, Luoto T, Mackay A, Magyari E, Malevich S, Mark B, Massaferro J, Montade V, Nazarova L, Novenko E, Pařil P, Pearson E, Peros M, Pienitz R, Płóciennik M, Porinchu D, Potito A, Rees A, Reinemann S, Roberts S, Rolland N, Salonen S, Self A, Seppä H, Shala S, St-Jacques JM, Stenni B, Syrykh L, Tarrats P, Taylor K, van den Bos V, Velle G, Wahl E, Walker I, Wilmshurst J, Zhang E, Zhilich S. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records. Sci Data 2020; 7:115. [PMID: 32286335 PMCID: PMC7156486 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Kaufman
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
| | - Nicholas McKay
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Cody Routson
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Michael Erb
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Basil Davis
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Heiri
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Jaccard
- University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Tierney
- University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christoph Dätwyler
- University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yarrow Axford
- Northwestern University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Thomas Brussel
- University of Utah, Department of Geography, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Olivier Cartapanis
- University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Brian Chase
- Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Andria Dawson
- Mount Royal University, Department of General Education, Calgary, T3E6K6, Canada
| | - Anne de Vernal
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Geotop-UQAM, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Stefan Engels
- University of London, Birkbeck, Department of Geography, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Lukas Jonkers
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Jeremiah Marsicek
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geoscience, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Carrie Morrill
- University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Anais Orsi
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Kira Rehfeld
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg, 69221, Germany
| | - Krystyna Saunders
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Environment, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
| | - Philipp S Sommer
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- University at Buffalo, Department of Geology, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Marcela Tonello
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - Mónika Tóth
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Richard Vachula
- Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Providence, 2912, USA
| | - Andrei Andreev
- Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | | | - Boris Biskaborn
- Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Manuel Bringué
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, AB, T2L 2A7, Canada
| | - Stephen Brooks
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Magaly Caniupán
- University of Concepcion, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral Program, Concepcion, 4030000, Chile
| | - Manuel Chevalier
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Les Cwynar
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Biology, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Julien Emile-Geay
- University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - John Fegyveresi
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Angelica Feurdean
- Goethe University, Department of Physical Geography, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Walter Finsinger
- Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Marie-Claude Fortin
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Louise Foster
- Newcastle University, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17RU, UK
- British Antarctic Survey, Palaeoenvironments and Ice Sheets, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Mathew Fox
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Konrad Gajewski
- University of Ottawa, Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Martin Grosjean
- University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Heinrichs
- Okanagan College, Department of Geography and Earth and Environmental Science, Kelowna, V1Y 4X8, Canada
| | - Naomi Holmes
- Sheffield Hallam University, Department of the Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Boris Ilyashuk
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Elena Ilyashuk
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Steve Juggins
- Newcastle University, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17RU, UK
| | - Deborah Khider
- University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute, Marina Del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Karin Koinig
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Peter Langdon
- University of Southampton, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Jianyong Li
- Northwest University, China, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an, 710027, China
| | - André Lotter
- University of Bern, Palaeoecology, Bern, CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - Tomi Luoto
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Lahti, 15140, Finland
| | - Anson Mackay
- University College London, Department of Geography, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eniko Magyari
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Steven Malevich
- University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Bryan Mark
- The Ohio State University, Department of Geography and Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Vincent Montade
- Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Larisa Nazarova
- Potsdam University, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Elena Novenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Petr Pařil
- Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Pearson
- Newcastle University, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17RU, UK
| | - Matthew Peros
- Bishop's University, Department of Environment and Geography, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Reinhard Pienitz
- Université Laval, Department of Geography, Center for Northern Studies, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mateusz Płóciennik
- University of Lodz, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - David Porinchu
- University of Georgia, Department of Geography, Athens, GA, 30606, USA
| | - Aaron Potito
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrew Rees
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Scott Reinemann
- Sinclair Community College, Geography Department, Dayton, OH, 45402, USA
| | - Stephen Roberts
- British Antarctic Survey, Palaeoenvironments and Ice Sheets, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Nicolas Rolland
- Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB, E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Sakari Salonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Angela Self
- The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Heikki Seppä
- University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Shyhrete Shala
- Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Stenni
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Venezia, 30172, Italy
| | - Liudmila Syrykh
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Research Laboratory of the Environmental management, St. Petersburg, 191186, Russia
| | - Pol Tarrats
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Secció Ecologia, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Karen Taylor
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Geography, Cork, Ireland
| | - Valerie van den Bos
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Gaute Velle
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, LFI, Bergen, 5008, Norway
| | - Eugene Wahl
- US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Ian Walker
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biology; Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Janet Wilmshurst
- Landcare Research, Ecosystems and Conservation, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Enlou Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Snezhana Zhilich
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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19
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Half-precessional cycle of thermocline temperature in the western equatorial Pacific and its bihemispheric dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7044-7051. [PMID: 32179673 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915510117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is tightly coupled to the equatorial thermocline in the Pacific, is the dominant source of interannual climate variability, but its long-term evolution in response to climate change remains highly uncertain. This study uses Mg/Ca in planktonic foraminiferal shells to reconstruct sea surface and thermocline water temperatures (SST and TWT) for the past 142 ky in a western equatorial Pacific (WEP) core MD01-2386. Unlike the dominant 100-ky glacial-interglacial cycle recorded by SST and δ18O, which echoes the pattern seen in other WEP sites, the upper ocean thermal gradient shows a clear half-precessional (9.4 ky or 12.7 ky) cycle as indicated by the reconstructed and simulated temperature (ΔT) and δ18O differences between the surface and thermocline waters. This phenomenon is attributed to the interplay of subtropical-to-tropical thermocline anomalies forced by the antiphased meridional insolation gradients in the two hemispheres at the precessional band. In particular, the TWT shows greater variability than SST, and dominates the ΔT changes which couple with the west-east SST difference in the equatorial Pacific at the half-precessional band, implying a decisive role of the tropical thermocline in orbital-scale climate change.
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20
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Liu G, Li X, Chiang HW, Cheng H, Yuan S, Chawchai S, He S, Lu Y, Aung LT, Maung PM, Tun WN, Oo KM, Wang X. On the glacial-interglacial variability of the Asian monsoon in speleothem δ 18O records. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8189. [PMID: 32095532 PMCID: PMC7015693 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While Asian monsoon (AM) changes have been clearly captured in Chinese speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, the lack of glacial-interglacial variability in the records remains puzzling. Here, we report speleothem δ18O records from three locations along the trajectory of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), a major branch of the AM, and characterize AM rainfall over the past 180,000 years. We have found that the records close to the monsoon moisture source show large glacial-interglacial variability, which then decreases landward. These changes likely reflect a stronger oxygen isotope fractionation associated with progressive rainout of AM moisture during glacial periods, possibly due to a larger temperature gradient and suppressed plant transpiration. We term this effect, which counteracts the forcing of glacial boundary conditions, the moisture transport pathway effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - X. Li
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - H.-W. Chiang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - H. Cheng
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - S. Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - S. Chawchai
- Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - S. He
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Y. Lu
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - L. T. Aung
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Myanmar Earthquake Committee, Yangon 11052, Myanmar
| | - P. M. Maung
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar
| | - W. N. Tun
- Myanmar Earthquake Committee, Yangon 11052, Myanmar
| | - K. M. Oo
- Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar
| | - X. Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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21
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DiNezio PN, Tierney JE, Otto-Bliesner BL, Timmermann A, Bhattacharya T, Rosenbloom N, Brady E. Glacial changes in tropical climate amplified by the Indian Ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat9658. [PMID: 30547084 PMCID: PMC6291310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms driving glacial-interglacial changes in the climate of the Indo-Pacific warm pool are poorly understood. Here, we address this question by combining paleoclimate proxies with model simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum climate. We find evidence of two mechanisms explaining key patterns of ocean cooling and rainfall change interpreted from proxy data. Exposure of the Sahul shelf excites a positive ocean-atmosphere feedback involving a stronger surface temperature gradient along the equatorial Indian Ocean and a weaker Walker circulation-a response explaining the drier/wetter dipole across the basin. Northern Hemisphere cooling by ice sheet albedo drives a monsoonal retreat across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula-a response that triggers a weakening of the Indian monsoon via cooling of the Arabian Sea and associated reductions in moisture supply. These results demonstrate the importance of air-sea interactions in the Indian Ocean, amplifying externally forced climate changes over a large part of the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N. DiNezio
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Jessica E. Tierney
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Axel Timmermann
- Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Tripti Bhattacharya
- Department of Earth Science, Syracuse University, 204 Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse, NY 13244-1070, USA
| | - Nan Rosenbloom
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Esther Brady
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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22
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Gebregiorgis D, Hathorne EC, Giosan L, Clemens S, Nürnberg D, Frank M. Southern Hemisphere forcing of South Asian monsoon precipitation over the past ~1 million years. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4702. [PMID: 30410007 PMCID: PMC6224551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The orbital-scale timing of South Asian monsoon (SAM) precipitation is poorly understood. Here we present new SST and seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) records from the Bay of Bengal, the core convective region of the South Asian monsoon, over the past 1 million years. Our records reveal that SAM precipitation peaked in the precession band ~9 kyrs after Northern Hemisphere summer insolation maxima, in phase with records of SAM winds in the Arabian Sea and eastern Indian Ocean. Precession-band variance, however, accounts for ~30% of the total variance of SAM precipitation while it was either absent or dominant in records of the East Asian monsoon (EAM). This and the observation that SAM precipitation was phase locked with obliquity minima and was sensitive to Southern Hemisphere warming provides clear evidence that SAM and EAM precipitation responded differently to orbital forcing and highlights the importance of internal processes forcing monsoon variability. The orbital-scale timing of South Asian monsoon precipitation is poorly understood. Here the authors show that the long held view that precession drove changes in monsoon strength is wrong, and that obliquity and eccentricity played a stronger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gebregiorgis
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - E C Hathorne
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Giosan
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - S Clemens
- Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - D Nürnberg
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Frank
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Zhang H, Griffiths ML, Chiang JCH, Kong W, Wu S, Atwood A, Huang J, Cheng H, Ning Y, Xie S. East Asian hydroclimate modulated by the position of the westerlies during Termination I. Science 2018; 362:580-583. [PMID: 30385577 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Speleothem oxygen isotope records have revolutionized our understanding of the paleo East Asian monsoon, yet there is fundamental disagreement on what they represent in terms of the hydroclimate changes. We report a multiproxy speleothem record of monsoon evolution during the last deglaciation from the middle Yangtze region, which indicates a wetter central eastern China during North Atlantic cooling episodes, despite the oxygen isotopic record suggesting a weaker monsoon. We show that this apparent contradiction can be resolved if the changes are interpreted as a lengthening of the Meiyu rains and shortened post-Meiyu stage, in accordance with a recent hypothesis. Model simulations support this interpretation and further reveal the role of the westerlies in communicating the North Atlantic influence to the East Asian climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.,State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Michael L Griffiths
- Department of Environmental Science, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
| | - John C H Chiang
- Department of Geography and Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Geography and Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shitou Wu
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany.,Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Alyssa Atwood
- Department of Geography and Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Junhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.,Department of Earth Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Youfeng Ning
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shucheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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24
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Holbourn AE, Kuhnt W, Clemens SC, Kochhann KGD, Jöhnck J, Lübbers J, Andersen N. Late Miocene climate cooling and intensification of southeast Asian winter monsoon. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1584. [PMID: 29679005 PMCID: PMC5910391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The late Miocene offers the opportunity to assess the sensitivity of the Earth's climate to orbital forcing and to changing boundary conditions, such as ice volume and greenhouse gas concentrations, on a warmer-than-modern Earth. Here we investigate the relationships between low- and high-latitude climate variability in an extended succession from the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean. Our high-resolution benthic isotope record in combination with paired mixed layer isotope and Mg/Ca-derived temperature data reveal that a long-term cooling trend was synchronous with intensification of the Asian winter monsoon and strengthening of the biological pump from ~7 Ma until ~5.5 Ma. The climate shift occurred at the end of a global δ13C decrease, suggesting that changes in the carbon cycle involving the terrestrial and deep ocean carbon reservoirs were instrumental in driving late Miocene climate cooling. The inception of cooler climate conditions culminated with ephemeral Northern Hemisphere glaciations between 6.0 and 5.5 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Holbourn
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, D-24118, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Kuhnt
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, D-24118, Germany
| | - Steven C Clemens
- Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Karlos G D Kochhann
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, D-24118, Germany.,Technological Institute of Micropaleontology, Unisinos University, São Leopoldo, 93022-750, Brazil
| | - Janika Jöhnck
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, D-24118, Germany
| | - Julia Lübbers
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, D-24118, Germany
| | - Nils Andersen
- Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, D-24118, Germany
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25
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Global patterns of declining temperature variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. Nature 2018; 554:356-359. [PMID: 29400701 DOI: 10.1038/nature25454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Changes in climate variability are as important for society to address as are changes in mean climate. Contrasting temperature variability during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene can provide insights into the relationship between the mean state of the climate and its variability. However, although glacial-interglacial changes in variability have been quantified for Greenland, a global view remains elusive. Here we use a network of marine and terrestrial temperature proxies to show that temperature variability decreased globally by a factor of four as the climate warmed by 3-8 degrees Celsius from the Last Glacial Maximum (around 21,000 years ago) to the Holocene epoch (the past 11,500 years). This decrease had a clear zonal pattern, with little change in the tropics (by a factor of only 1.6-2.8) and greater change in the mid-latitudes of both hemispheres (by a factor of 3.3-14). By contrast, Greenland ice-core records show a reduction in temperature variability by a factor of 73, suggesting influences beyond local temperature or a decoupling of atmospheric and global surface temperature variability for Greenland. The overall pattern of reduced variability can be explained by changes in the meridional temperature gradient, a mechanism that points to further decreases in temperature variability in a warmer future.
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26
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Thirumalai K, Quinn TM, Okumura Y, Richey JN, Partin JW, Poore RZ, Moreno-Chamarro E. Pronounced centennial-scale Atlantic Ocean climate variability correlated with Western Hemisphere hydroclimate. Nat Commun 2018; 9:392. [PMID: 29374166 PMCID: PMC5786086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-ocean circulation in the northern Atlantic Ocean influences Northern Hemisphere climate. Century-scale circulation variability in the Atlantic Ocean, however, is poorly constrained due to insufficiently-resolved paleoceanographic records. Here we present a replicated reconstruction of sea-surface temperature and salinity from a site sensitive to North Atlantic circulation in the Gulf of Mexico which reveals pronounced centennial-scale variability over the late Holocene. We find significant correlations on these timescales between salinity changes in the Atlantic, a diagnostic parameter of circulation, and widespread precipitation anomalies using three approaches: multiproxy synthesis, observational datasets, and a transient simulation. Our results demonstrate links between centennial changes in northern Atlantic surface-circulation and hydroclimate changes in the adjacent continents over the late Holocene. Notably, our findings reveal that weakened surface-circulation in the Atlantic Ocean was concomitant with well-documented rainfall anomalies in the Western Hemisphere during the Little Ice Age. Knowledge of surface-ocean circulation in the Atlantic over the late Holocene is incomplete. Here, the authors show that Atlantic Ocean surface-circulation varied in concert with Western Hemisphere rainfall anomalies on centennial timescales and that this link played an essential role during the Little Ice Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Thirumalai
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX, 78758, USA. .,Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Terrence M Quinn
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX, 78758, USA.,Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuko Okumura
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Julie N Richey
- U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, 600, Fourth Street South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Judson W Partin
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Richard Z Poore
- U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, 600, Fourth Street South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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27
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Late Holocene slowdown of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1015. [PMID: 29044105 PMCID: PMC5715104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in tropical zonal atmospheric (Walker) circulation induce shifts in rainfall patterns along with devastating floods and severe droughts that dramatically impact the lives of millions of people. Historical records and observations of the Walker circulation over the 20th century disagree on the sign of change and therefore, longer climate records are necessary to better project tropical circulation changes in response to global warming. Here we examine proxies for thermocline depth and rainfall in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean during the globally colder Last Glacial Maximum (19-23 thousand years ago) and for the past 3000 years. We show that increased thermocline depth and rainfall indicate a stronger-than-today Walker circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum, which is supported by an ensemble of climate simulations. Our findings underscore the sensitivity of tropical circulation to temperature change and provide evidence for a further weakening of the Walker circulation in response to greenhouse warming.
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28
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Mohtadi M, Prange M, Steinke S. Palaeoclimatic insights into forcing and response of monsoon rainfall. Nature 2016; 533:191-9. [PMID: 27172043 DOI: 10.1038/nature17450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monsoons are the dominant seasonal mode of climate variability in the tropics and are critically important conveyors of atmospheric moisture and energy at a global scale. Predicting monsoons, which have profound impacts on regions that are collectively home to more than 70 per cent of Earth's population, is a challenge that is difficult to overcome by relying on instrumental data from only the past few decades. Palaeoclimatic evidence of monsoon rainfall dynamics across different regions and timescales could help us to understand and predict the sensitivity and response of monsoons to various forcing mechanisms. This evidence suggests that monsoon systems exhibit substantial regional character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Prange
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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29
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Cleverly J, Eamus D, Luo Q, Restrepo Coupe N, Kljun N, Ma X, Ewenz C, Li L, Yu Q, Huete A. The importance of interacting climate modes on Australia's contribution to global carbon cycle extremes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23113. [PMID: 26976754 PMCID: PMC4791548 DOI: 10.1038/srep23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The global carbon cycle is highly sensitive to climate-driven fluctuations of precipitation, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. This was clearly manifested by a 20% increase of the global terrestrial C sink in 2011 during the strongest sustained La Niña since 1917. However, inconsistencies exist between El Niño/La Niña (ENSO) cycles and precipitation in the historical record; for example, significant ENSO-precipitation correlations were present in only 31% of the last 100 years, and often absent in wet years. To resolve these inconsistencies, we used an advanced temporal scaling method for identifying interactions amongst three key climate modes (El Niño, the Indian Ocean dipole, and the southern annular mode). When these climate modes synchronised (1999-2012), drought and extreme precipitation were observed across Australia. The interaction amongst these climate modes, more than the effect of any single mode, was associated with large fluctuations in precipitation and productivity. The long-term exposure of vegetation to this arid environment has favoured a resilient flora capable of large fluctuations in photosynthetic productivity and explains why Australia was a major contributor not only to the 2011 global C sink anomaly but also to global reductions in photosynthetic C uptake during the previous decade of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cleverly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Australian Supersite Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Technology Sydney.
| | - Derek Eamus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Australian Supersite Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Technology Sydney.
| | - Qunying Luo
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney.
| | | | - Natascha Kljun
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Xuanlong Ma
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney.
| | - Cacilia Ewenz
- Airborne Research Australia, Flinders University, PO Box 335, Salisbury, South Australia, 5106, Australia
| | - Longhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Alfredo Huete
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney.
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30
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Simon MH, Ziegler M, Bosmans J, Barker S, Reason CJC, Hall IR. Eastern South African hydroclimate over the past 270,000 years. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18153. [PMID: 26686943 PMCID: PMC4685309 DOI: 10.1038/srep18153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes that control the hydrological balance in eastern South Africa on orbital to millennial timescales remain poorly understood because proxy records documenting its variability at high resolution are scarce. In this work, we present a detailed 270,000 year-long record of terrestrial climate variability in the KwaZulu-Natal province based on elemental ratios of Fe/K from the southwest Indian Ocean, derived from X-ray fluorescence core scanning. Eastern South African climate variability on these time scales reflects both the long-term effect of regional insolation changes driven by orbital precession and the effects associated with high-latitude abrupt climate forcing over the past two glacial-interglacial cycles, including millennial-scale events not previously identified. Rapid changes towards more humid conditions in eastern South Africa as the Northern Hemisphere entered phases of extreme cooling were potentially driven by a combination of warming in the Agulhas Current and shifts of the subtropical anticyclones. These climate oscillations appear coherent with other Southern Hemisphere records but are anti-phased with respect to the East Asian Monsoon. Numerical modelling results reveal that higher precipitation in the KwaZulu-Natal province during precession maxima is driven by a combination of increased local evaporation and elevated moisture transport into eastern South Africa from the coast of Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit H Simon
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Ziegler
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Bosmans
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen Barker
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J C Reason
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ian R Hall
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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31
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Partin JW, Quinn TM, Shen CC, Okumura Y, Cardenas MB, Siringan FP, Banner JL, Lin K, Hu HM, Taylor FW. Gradual onset and recovery of the Younger Dryas abrupt climate event in the tropics. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8061. [PMID: 26329911 PMCID: PMC4569703 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Proxy records of temperature from the Atlantic clearly show that the Younger Dryas was an abrupt climate change event during the last deglaciation, but records of hydroclimate are underutilized in defining the event. Here we combine a new hydroclimate record from Palawan, Philippines, in the tropical Pacific, with previously published records to highlight a difference between hydroclimate and temperature responses to the Younger Dryas. Although the onset and termination are synchronous across the records, tropical hydroclimate changes are more gradual (>100 years) than the abrupt (10-100 years) temperature changes in the northern Atlantic Ocean. The abrupt recovery of Greenland temperatures likely reflects changes in regional sea ice extent. Proxy data and transient climate model simulations support the hypothesis that freshwater forced a reduction in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, thereby causing the Younger Dryas. However, changes in ocean overturning may not produce the same effects globally as in Greenland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Partin
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - T M Quinn
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA.,Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - C-C Shen
- High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y Okumura
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - M B Cardenas
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - F P Siringan
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - J L Banner
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - K Lin
- High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - H-M Hu
- High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - F W Taylor
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
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Zhu L, Lü X, Wang J, Peng P, Kasper T, Daut G, Haberzettl T, Frenzel P, Li Q, Yang R, Schwalb A, Mäusbacher R. Climate change on the Tibetan Plateau in response to shifting atmospheric circulation since the LGM. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13318. [PMID: 26294226 PMCID: PMC4543934 DOI: 10.1038/srep13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is primarily influenced by the northern hemispheric middle latitude Westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The extent, long-distance effects and potential long-term changes of these two atmospheric circulations are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyse modern airborne pollen in a transition zone of seasonally alternating dominance of the Westerlies and the ISM to develop a pollen discrimination index (PDI) that allows us to distinguish between the intensities of the two circulation systems. This index is applied to interpret a continuous lacustrine sedimentary record from Lake Nam Co covering the past 24 cal kyr BP to investigate long-term variations in the atmospheric circulation systems. Climatic variations on the central TP widely correspond to those of the North Atlantic (NA) realm, but are controlled through different mechanisms resulting from the changing climatic conditions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During the LGM, until 16.5 cal kyr BP, the TP was dominated by the Westerlies. After 16.5 cal kyr BP, the climatic conditions were mainly controlled by the ISM. From 11.6 to 9 cal kyr BP, the TP was exposed to enhanced solar radiation at the low latitudes, resulting in greater water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Lü
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Kasper
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Daut
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | | | - Peter Frenzel
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antje Schwalb
- Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
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Thirumalai K, Richey JN, Quinn TM, Poore RZ. Globigerinoides ruber morphotypes in the Gulf of Mexico: a test of null hypothesis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6018. [PMID: 25109442 PMCID: PMC5381429 DOI: 10.1038/srep06018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (G. ruber), due to its abundance and ubiquity in the tropical/subtropical mixed layer, has been the workhorse of paleoceanographic studies investigating past sea-surface conditions on a range of timescales. Recent geochemical work on the two principal white G. ruber (W) morphotypes, sensu stricto (ss) and sensu lato (sl), has hypothesized differences in seasonal preferences or calcification depths, implying that reconstructions using a non-selective mixture of morphotypes could potentially be biased. Here, we test these hypotheses by performing stable isotope and abundance measurements on the two morphotypes in sediment trap, core-top, and downcore samples from the northern Gulf of Mexico. As a test of null hypothesis, we perform the same analyses on couplets of G. ruber (W) specimens with attributes intermediate to the holotypic ss and sl morphologies. We find no systematic or significant offsets in coeval ss-sl δ(18)O, and δ(13)C. These offsets are no larger than those in the intermediate pairs. Coupling our results with foraminiferal statistical model INFAUNAL, we find that contrary to previous work elsewhere, there is no evidence for discrepancies in ss-sl calcifying depth habitat or seasonality in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Thirumalai
- 1] Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, Texas 78758-4445, USA [2] Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C9000, Austin, Texas 78712-1722, USA
| | - Julie N Richey
- United States Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, 600, Fourth Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701-4846
| | - Terrence M Quinn
- 1] Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, Texas 78758-4445, USA [2] Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C9000, Austin, Texas 78712-1722, USA
| | - Richard Z Poore
- United States Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, 600, Fourth Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701-4846
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Hydroclimate of the western Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the past 24,000 years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9402-6. [PMID: 24979768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323585111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is a key site for the global hydrologic cycle, and modern observations indicate that both the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (IOZM) and the El Niño Southern Oscillation exert strong influence on its regional hydrologic characteristics. Detailed insight into the natural range of IPWP dynamics and underlying climate mechanisms is, however, limited by the spatial and temporal coverage of climate data. In particular, long-term (multimillennial) precipitation patterns of the western IPWP, a key location for IOZM dynamics, are poorly understood. To help rectify this, we have reconstructed rainfall changes over Northwest Sumatra (western IPWP, Indian Ocean) throughout the past 24,000 y based on the stable hydrogen and carbon isotopic compositions (δD and δ(13)C, respectively) of terrestrial plant waxes. As a general feature of western IPWP hydrology, our data suggest similar rainfall amounts during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene, contradicting previous claims that precipitation increased across the IPWP in response to deglacial changes in sea level and/or the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. We attribute this discrepancy to regional differences in topography and different responses to glacioeustatically forced changes in coastline position within the continental IPWP. During the Holocene, our data indicate considerable variations in rainfall amount. Comparison of our isotope time series to paleoclimate records from the Indian Ocean realm reveals previously unrecognized fluctuations of the Indian Ocean precipitation dipole during the Holocene, indicating that oscillations of the IOZM mean state have been a constituent of western IPWP rainfall over the past ten thousand years.
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