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Mars JC, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Borden KL. eIF4E orchestrates mRNA processing, RNA export and translation to modify specific protein production. Nucleus 2024; 15:2360196. [PMID: 38880976 PMCID: PMC11185188 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2360196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E acts as a multifunctional factor that simultaneously influences mRNA processing, export, and translation in many organisms. Its multifactorial effects are derived from its capacity to bind to the methyl-7-guanosine cap on the 5'end of mRNAs and thus can act as a cap chaperone for transcripts in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this review, we describe the multifactorial roles of eIF4E in major mRNA-processing events including capping, splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, nuclear export and translation. We discuss the evidence that eIF4E acts at two levels to generate widescale changes to processing, export and ultimately the protein produced. First, eIF4E alters the production of components of the mRNA processing machinery, supporting a widescale reprogramming of multiple mRNA processing events. In this way, eIF4E can modulate mRNA processing without physically interacting with target transcripts. Second, eIF4E also physically interacts with both capped mRNAs and components of the RNA processing or translation machineries. Further, specific mRNAs are sensitive to eIF4E only in particular mRNA processing events. This selectivity is governed by the presence of cis-acting elements within mRNAs known as USER codes that recruit relevant co-factors engaging the appropriate machinery. In all, we describe the molecular bases for eIF4E's multifactorial function and relevant regulatory pathways, discuss the basis for selectivity, present a compendium of ~80 eIF4E-interacting factors which play roles in these activities and provide an overview of the relevance of its functions to its oncogenic potential. Finally, we summarize early-stage clinical studies targeting eIF4E in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Clément Mars
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L.B. Borden
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Lamson DR, Tarpley M, Addo K, Ji X, Abu Rabe D, Ehe B, Hughes M, Smith GR, Daye LR, Musso DL, Zheng W, Williams KP. Identification of small molecule antagonists of sonic hedgehog/heparin binding with activity in hedgehog functional assays. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130692. [PMID: 39151833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen with important roles in embryonic development and in the development of a number of cancers. Its activity is modulated by interactions with binding partners and co-receptors including heparin and heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). To identify antagonists of Shh/heparin binding, a diverse collection of 34,560 chemicals was screened in single point 384-well format. We identified and confirmed twenty six novel small molecule antagonists with diverse structures including four scaffolds that gave rise to multiple hits. Nineteen of the confirmed hits blocked binding of the N-terminal fragment of Shh (ShhN) to heparin with IC50 values < 50 μM. In the Shh-responsive C3H10T1/2 cell model, four of the compounds demonstrated the ability to block ShhN-induced alkaline phosphatase activity. To demonstrate a direct and selective effect on ShhN ligand mediated activity, two of the compounds were able to block induction of Gli1 mRNA, a primary downstream marker for Shh signaling activity, in Shh-mediated but not Smoothened agonist (SAG)-mediated C3H10T1/2 cells. Direct binding of the two compounds to ShhN was confirmed by thermal shift assay and molecular docking simulations, with both compounds docking with the N-terminal heparin binding domain of Shh. Overall, our findings indicate that small molecule compounds that block ShhN binding to heparin and act to inhibit Shh mediated activity in vitro can be identified. We propose that the interaction between Shh and HSPGs provides a novel target for identifying small molecules that bind Shh, potentially leading to novel tool compounds to probe Shh ligand function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lamson
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Michael Tarpley
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Kezia Addo
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Xiaojia Ji
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Dina Abu Rabe
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA; INBS PhD Program, USA
| | - Ben Ehe
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Mark Hughes
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Ginger R Smith
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Laura R Daye
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - David L Musso
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA
| | - Weifan Zheng
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Kevin P Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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3
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Wu Y, Guo W, Wang T, Liu Y, Mullor MDMR, Rodrìguez RA, Zhao S, Wei R. The comprehensive landscape of prognosis, immunity, and function of the GLI family by pan-cancer and single-cell analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5123-5148. [PMID: 38498906 PMCID: PMC11006459 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, the roles of the downstream GLI family (GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3) in tumorigenesis remain elusive. This study aimed to unravel the genetic alterations of GLI1/2/3 in cancer and their association with the immune microenvironment and related signaling pathways. Firstly, we evaluated the expression profiles of GLI1/2/3 in different cancer types, analyzed their prognostic and predictive values, and assessed their correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Secondly, we explored the relationships between GLI1/2/3 and genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and clinically relevant drugs. Finally, we performed enrichment analysis to decipher the underlying mechanisms of GLI1/2/3 in cancer initiation and progression. Our results revealed that the expression levels of GLI1/2/3 were positively correlated in most cancer tissues, suggesting a cooperative role of these factors in tumorigenesis. We also identified tissue-specific expression patterns of GLI1/2/3, which may reflect the distinct functions of these factors in different cell types. Furthermore, GLI1/2/3 expression displayed significant associations with poor prognosis in several cancers, indicating their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Importantly, we found that GLI1/2/3 modulated the immune microenvironment by regulating the recruitment, activation, and polarization of cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Additionally, functional enrichment analyses indicated that GLI1/2/3 are involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Together, our findings shed new light on the roles of GLI1/2/3 in tumorigenesis and provide a potential basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting GLI-mediated signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinteng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guigang City People’s Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | | | | | - Shijian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650102, China
| | - Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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Osborne MJ, Sulekha A, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Gasiorek J, Ruediger E, Jolicouer E, Marinier A, Assouline S, Borden KLB. Medicinal Chemistry and NMR Driven Discovery of Novel UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A Inhibitors That Overcome Therapeutic Resistance in Cells. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168378. [PMID: 38043731 PMCID: PMC10841659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) deactivate many therapeutics via glucuronidation while being required for clearance of normal metabolites and xenobiotics. There are 19 UGT enzymes categorized into UGT1A and UGT2B families based on sequence conservation. This presents a challenge in terms of targeting specific UGTs to overcome drug resistance without eliciting overt toxicity. Here, we identified for the first time that UGT1A4 is highly elevated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and its reduction corresponded to objective clinical responses. To develop inhibitors to UGT1A4, we leveraged previous NMR-based fragment screening data against the C-terminal domain of UGT1A (UGT1A-C). NMR and medicinal chemistry strategies identified novel chemical matter based on fragment compounds with the capacity to bind ∼20 fold more tightly to UGT1A-C (Kd ∼ 600 μM vs ∼30 μM). Some compounds differentially inhibited UGT1A4 versus UGT1A1 enzyme activity and restored drug sensitivity in resistant human cancer cells. NMR-based NOE experiments revealed these novel compounds recognised a region distal to the catalytic site suggestive of allosteric regulation. This binding region is poorly conserved between UGT1A and UGT2B C-terminal sequences, which otherwise exhibit high similarity. Consistently, these compounds did not bind to the C-terminal domain of UGT2B7 nor a triple mutant of UGT1A-C replaced with UGT2B7 residues in this region. Overall, we discovered a site on UGTs that can be leveraged to differentially target UGT1As and UGT2Bs, identified UGT1A4 as a therapeutic target, and found new chemical matter that binds the UGT1A C-terminus, inhibits glucuronidation and restores drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osborne
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anamika Sulekha
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jadwiga Gasiorek
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward Ruediger
- Drug Discovery Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Jolicouer
- Drug Discovery Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Marinier
- Drug Discovery Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Borden KLB. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E unexpectedly acts in splicing thereby coupling mRNA processing with translation: eIF4E induces widescale splicing reprogramming providing system-wide connectivity between splicing, nuclear mRNA export and translation. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300145. [PMID: 37926700 PMCID: PMC11021180 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings position the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E as a novel modulator of mRNA splicing, a process that impacts the form and function of resultant proteins. eIF4E physically interacts with the spliceosome and with some intron-containing transcripts implying a direct role in some splicing events. Moreover, eIF4E drives the production of key components of the splicing machinery underpinning larger scale impacts on splicing. These drive eIF4E-dependent reprogramming of the splicing signature. This work completes a series of studies demonstrating eIF4E acts in all the major mRNA maturation steps whereby eIF4E drives production of the RNA processing machinery and escorts some transcripts through various maturation steps. In this way, eIF4E couples the mRNA processing-export-translation axis linking nuclear mRNA processing to cytoplasmic translation. eIF4E elevation is linked to worse outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia patients where these activities are dysregulated. Understanding these effects provides new insight into post-transcriptional control and eIF4E-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. B. Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
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Nyalali AMK, Leonard AU, Xu Y, Li H, Zhou J, Zhang X, Rugambwa TK, Shi X, Li F. CD147: an integral and potential molecule to abrogate hallmarks of cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1238051. [PMID: 38023152 PMCID: PMC10662318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1238051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 also known as EMMPRIN, basigin, and HAb18G, is a single-chain type I transmembrane protein shown to be overexpressed in aggressive human cancers of CNS, head and neck, breasts, lungs, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, skin, hematological, and musculoskeletal. In these malignancies, the molecule is integral to the diverse but complimentary hallmarks of cancer: it is pivotal in cancerous proliferative signaling, growth propagation, cellular survival, replicative immortality, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. CD147 also has regulatory functions in cancer-enabling characteristics such as DNA damage response (DDR) and immune evasion. These neoplastic functions of CD147 are executed through numerous and sometimes overlapping molecular pathways: it transduces signals from upstream molecules or ligands such as cyclophilin A (CyPA), CD98, and S100A9; activates a repertoire of downstream molecules and pathways including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2,3,9, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1/2α, PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α, and ATM/ATR/p53; and also functions as an indispensable chaperone or regulator to monocarboxylate, fatty acid, and amino acid transporters. Interestingly, induced loss of functions to CD147 prevents and reverses the acquired hallmarks of cancer in neoplastic diseases. Silencing of Cd147 also alleviates known resistance to chemoradiotherapy exhibited by malignant tumors like carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, liver, gastric, colon, ovary, cervix, prostate, urinary bladder, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Targeting CD147 antigen in chimeric and induced-chimeric antigen T cell or antibody therapies is also shown to be safer and more effective. Moreover, incorporating anti-CD147 monoclonal antibodies in chemoradiotherapy, oncolytic viral therapy, and oncolytic virus-based-gene therapies increases effectiveness and reduces on and off-target toxicity. This study advocates the expedition and expansion by further exploiting the evidence acquired from the experimental studies that modulate CD147 functions in hallmarks of cancer and cancer-enabling features and strive to translate them into clinical practice to alleviate the emergency and propagation of cancer, as well as the associated clinical and social consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonce M. K. Nyalali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Surgery, Songwe Regional Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania
- Department of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital and Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Angela U. Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital and Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania
- Department of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yongxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huayu Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tibera K. Rugambwa
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital and Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Xiaohan Shi
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mazewski C, Platanias LC. A novel approach to overcome drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2023; 108:2889-2890. [PMID: 37165841 PMCID: PMC10620585 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
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8
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Assouline S, Gasiorek J, Bergeron J, Lambert C, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Cocolakis E, Zakaria C, Szlachtycz D, Yee K, Borden KLB. Molecular targeting of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in high-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patients: a randomized phase II trial of vismodegib, ribavirin with or without decitabine. Haematologica 2023; 108:2946-2958. [PMID: 36951168 PMCID: PMC10620574 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance underpins poor outcomes in many malignancies including refractory and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML). Glucuronidation is a common mechanism of drug inactivation impacting many AML therapies, e.g., cytarabine, decitabine, azacytidine and venetoclax. In AML cells, the capacity for glucuronidation arises from increased production of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) enzymes. UGT1A elevation was first observed in AML patients who relapsed after response to ribavirin, a drug used to target the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, and subsequently in patients who relapsed on cytarabine. UGT1A elevation resulted from increased expression of the sonic-hedgehog transcription factor GLI1. Vismodegib inhibited GLI1, decreased UGT1A levels, reduced glucuronidation of ribavirin and cytarabine, and re-sensitized cells to these drugs. Here, we examined if UGT1A protein levels, and thus glucuronidation activity, were targetable in humans and if this corresponded to clinical response. We conducted a phase II trial using vismodegib with ribavirin, with or without decitabine, in largely heavily pre-treated patients with high-eIF4E AML. Pre-therapy molecular assessment of patients' blasts indicated highly elevated UGT1A levels relative to healthy volunteers. Among patients with partial response, blast response or prolonged stable disease, vismodegib reduced UGT1A levels, which corresponded to effective targeting of eIF4E by ribavirin. In all, our studies are the first to demonstrate that UGT1A protein, and thus glucuronidation, are targetable in humans. These studies pave the way for the development of therapies that impair glucuronidation, one of the most common drug deactivation modalities. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02073838.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Assouline
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2.
| | - Jadwiga Gasiorek
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Julie Bergeron
- CEMTL installation Maisonneuve Rosemont, 5415 boul. de l'Assomption, Montreal H1T 2M4
| | - Caroline Lambert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Eftihia Cocolakis
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2
| | - Chadi Zakaria
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2
| | - David Szlachtycz
- Jewish General Hospital and McGill University 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T1E2
| | - Karen Yee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec.
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Miller JS, Bennett NE, Rhoades JA. Targeting hedgehog-driven mechanisms of drug-resistant cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1286090. [PMID: 37954979 PMCID: PMC10634604 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1286090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the cellular plasticity that is inherent to cancer, the acquisition of resistance to therapy remains one of the biggest obstacles to patient care. In many patients, the surviving cancer cell subpopulation goes on to proliferate or metastasize, often as the result of dramatically altered cell signaling and transcriptional pathways. A notable example is the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is a driver of several cancer subtypes and aberrantly activated in a wide range of malignancies in response to therapy. This review will summarize the field's current understanding of the many roles played by Hh signaling in drug resistance and will include topics such as non-canonical activation of Gli proteins, amplification of genes which promote tolerance to chemotherapy, the use of hedgehog-targeted drugs and tool compounds, and remaining gaps in our knowledge of the transcriptional mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade S. Miller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville VA Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Natalie E. Bennett
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville VA Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julie A. Rhoades
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Pharmacology Training Program, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville VA Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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10
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Bruzzese A, Martino EA, Labanca C, Mendicino F, Lucia E, Olivito V, Fimognari F, Neri A, Morabito F, Vigna E, Gentile M. Glasdegib for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1537-1543. [PMID: 37392098 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2232301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last few years, substantial progress has been made in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The first changes in the management of AML date back to last 2000s with the advent of hypometilant agents, later with Bcl2 inhibitor venetoclax, and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors (midostaurin and gilteritinib), and more recently with IDH1/2 inhibitors (ivosidenib and enasidenib) and the hedgehog (HH) pathway inhibitor glasdegib. AREAS COVERED Glasdegid, formerly PF-04449913 or PF-913, acts as a smoothened (SMO) inhibitor and has been recently approved in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) by FDA and EMA for the treatment of naïve AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy.Several studies have explored the efficacy and safety of glasdegib, as a single agent or in combination with other drugs, in both the setting of relapsed/refractory and naïve AML patients, confirming its efficacy in controlling disease and safety profile. EXPERT OPINION All these trials suggest that glasdegib seems to be an ideal partner for both classic chemotherapy and biological treatments (such as therapy with FLT3 inhibitors). Further studies are needed to better understand which patients are more likely to respond to glasdegib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bruzzese
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Enrica Antonia Martino
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Caterina Labanca
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Mendicino
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Eugenio Lucia
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Virginia Olivito
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, EmiliaRomagna, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Vigna
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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11
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Kayabasi C, Gunduz C. The lncRNA expression profile signature of leukemia stem cells is altered upon PI3K/mTOR inhibition: an in vitro and in silico study. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:99-115. [PMID: 37470414 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2236143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) contribute to leukemia stem cell (LSC) formation. We aimed to identify alterations in the lncRNA expression profile signature of LSCs upon inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, which provides selective advantages to LSCs. We also aimed to elucidate the potential interaction networks and functions of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). We suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in LSC and HSC cell-lines by specific PI3K/mTOR dual-inhibitor (VS-5584) and confirmed the inhibition by antibody-array. We defined DELs by qRT-PCR. Increased SRA, ZEB2-AS1, antiPeg11, DLX6-AS, SNHG4, and decreased H19, PCGEM1, CAR-Intergenic-10, L1PA16, IGF2AS, and SNHG5 levels (|log2fold-change|>5) were strictly associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition in LSC. We performed in silico analyses for DELs. ZEB2-AS1 was found to be specifically expressed in normal bone marrow and predominantly lower in leukemic cell-lines. Three sub-clusters were identified for DELs and they were associated with "abnormality of multiple cell lineages in the bone marrow." DELs were most highly enriched for "glucuronidation" Reactome pathway and "ascorbate and aldarate metabolism" and "inositol phosphate metabolism" KEGG pathways. Transcription factors, MBD4, NANOG, PAX6, RELA, CEBPB, and CEBPA were predicted to be associated with the DEL profile. SRA was predicted to interact with CREB1, RARA, and PPARA. The possible DELs' targets were predicted to form six ontological groups, be highly enriched for phosphoprotein, and be involved in "PPAR signaling pathway" and "ChREBP regulation by carbohydrates and cAMP." These results will help to elucidate the roles of lncRNAs in the mechanisms that provide selective advantages to leukemia stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Sulekha A, Osborne MJ, Gasiorek J, Borden KLB. 1H, 13C, 15N Backbone and sidechain chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal domain of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17-C). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2023; 17:67-73. [PMID: 36757531 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are the principal enzymes involved in the glucuronidation of metabolites and xenobiotics for physiological clearance in humans. Though glucuronidation is an indispensable process in the phase II metabolic pathway, UGT-mediated glucuronidation of most prescribed drugs (> 55%) and clinical evidence of UGT-associated drug resistance are major concerns for therapeutic development. While UGTs are highly conserved enzymes, they manifest unique substrate and inhibitor specificity which is poorly understood given the dearth of experimentally determined full-length structures. Such information is important not only to conceptualize their specificity but is central to the design of inhibitors specific to a given UGT in order to avoid toxicity associated with pan-UGT inhibitors. Here, we provide the 1H, 13C and 15N backbone (~ 90%) and sidechain (~ 62%) assignments for the C-terminal domain of UGT2B17, which can be used to determine the molecular binding sites of inhibitor and substrate, and to understand the atomic basis for inhibitor selectivity between UGT2B17 and other members of the UGT2B subfamily. Given the physiological relevance of UGT2B17 in the elimination of hormone-based cancer drugs, these assignments will contribute towards dissecting the structural basis for substrate specificity, selective inhibitor recognition and other aspects of enzyme activity with the goal of selectively overcoming glucuronidation-based drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sulekha
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Osborne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jadwiga Gasiorek
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavilion Marcelle‑Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Lei Z, Tian Q, Teng Q, Wurpel JND, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen Z. Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e265. [PMID: 37229486 PMCID: PMC10203373 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The reduced responsiveness of cancer cells is a multifaceted phenomenon that can arise from genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors. Various mechanisms have been discovered and extensively studied, including drug inactivation, reduced intracellular drug accumulation by reduced uptake or increased efflux, drug target alteration, activation of compensatory pathways for cell survival, regulation of DNA repair and cell death, tumor plasticity, and the regulation from tumor microenvironments (TMEs). To overcome cancer resistance, a variety of strategies have been proposed, which are designed to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment or reduce drug resistance. These include identifying biomarkers that can predict drug response and resistance, identifying new targets, developing new targeted drugs, combination therapies targeting multiple signaling pathways, and modulating the TME. The present article focuses on the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer and the corresponding tackling approaches with recent updates. Perspectives on polytherapy targeting multiple resistance mechanisms, novel nanoparticle delivery systems, and advanced drug design tools for overcoming resistance are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Ning Lei
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Qin Tian
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Qiu‐Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - John N. D. Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Leli Zeng
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Yihang Pan
- PrecisionMedicine CenterScientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
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14
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Ghram M, Morris G, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Mars JC, Gendron P, Skrabanek L, Revuelta MV, Cerchietti L, Guzman ML, Borden KLB. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E reprograms alternative splicing. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110496. [PMID: 36843541 PMCID: PMC10068332 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant splicing is typically attributed to splice-factor (SF) mutation and contributes to malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we discovered a mutation-independent means to extensively reprogram alternative splicing (AS). We showed that the dysregulated expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E elevated selective splice-factor production, thereby impacting multiple spliceosome complexes, including factors mutated in AML such as SF3B1 and U2AF1. These changes generated a splicing landscape that predominantly supported altered splice-site selection for ~800 transcripts in cell lines and ~4,600 transcripts in specimens from high-eIF4E AML patients otherwise harboring no known SF mutations. Nuclear RNA immunoprecipitations, export assays, polysome analyses, and mutational studies together revealed that eIF4E primarily increased SF production via its nuclear RNA export activity. By contrast, eIF4E dysregulation did not induce known SF mutations or alter spliceosome number. eIF4E interacted with the spliceosome and some pre-mRNAs, suggesting its direct involvement in specific splicing events. eIF4E induced simultaneous effects on numerous SF proteins, resulting in a much larger range of splicing alterations than in the case of mutation or dysregulation of individual SFs and providing a novel paradigm for splicing control and dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghram
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gavin Morris
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Clement Mars
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy Skrabanek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Revuelta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Understanding the Roles of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway during T-Cell Lymphopoiesis and in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032962. [PMID: 36769284 PMCID: PMC9917970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) signaling network is one of the main regulators of invertebrate and vertebrate embryonic development. Along with other networks, such as NOTCH and WNT, HH signaling specifies both the early patterning and the polarity events as well as the subsequent organ formation via the temporal and spatial regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of HH signaling has been identified in a broad range of malignant disorders, where it positively influences proliferation, survival, and therapeutic resistance of neoplastic cells. Inhibitors targeting the HH pathway have been tested in preclinical cancer models. The HH pathway is also overactive in other blood malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This review is intended to summarize our knowledge of the biological roles and pathophysiology of the HH pathway during normal T-cell lymphopoiesis and in T-ALL. In addition, we will discuss potential therapeutic strategies that might expand the clinical usefulness of drugs targeting the HH pathway in T-ALL.
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16
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Junk SV, Schaeffeler E, Zimmermann M, Möricke A, Beier R, Schütte P, Fedders B, Alten J, Hinze L, Klein N, Kulozik A, Muckenthaler MU, Koehler R, Borkhardt A, Vijayakrishnan J, Ellinghaus D, Forster M, Franke A, Wintering A, Kratz CP, Schrappe M, Schwab M, Houlston RS, Cario G, Stanulla M. Chemotherapy-related hyperbilirubinemia in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a genome-wide association study from the AIEOP-BFM ALL study group. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:21. [PMID: 36639636 PMCID: PMC9838013 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of clinical phenotypes in context with tumor and host genomic information can aid in the development of more effective and less toxic risk-adapted and targeted treatment strategies. To analyze the impact of therapy-related hyperbilirubinemia on treatment outcome and to identify contributing genetic risk factors of this well-recognized adverse effect we evaluated serum bilirubin levels in 1547 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were treated in multicenter trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 for pediatric ALL. Bilirubin toxicity was graded 0 to 4 according to the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) of the National Cancer Institute. In the GWAS discovery cohort, including 650 of the 1547 individuals, genotype frequencies of 745,895 single nucleotide variants were compared between 435 patients with hyperbilirubinemia (CTC grades 1-4) during induction/consolidation treatment and 215 patients without it (grade 0). Replication analyses included 224 patients from the same trial. RESULTS Compared to patients with no (grade 0) or moderate hyperbilirubinemia (grades 1-2) during induction/consolidation, patients with grades 3-4 had a poorer 5-year event free survival (76.6 ± 3% versus 87.7 ± 1% for grades 1-2, P = 0.003; 85.2 ± 2% for grade 0, P < 0.001) and a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (15.6 ± 3% versus 9.0 ± 1% for grades 1-2, P = 0.08; 11.1 ± 1% for grade 0, P = 0.007). GWAS identified a strong association of the rs6744284 variant T allele in the UGT1A gene cluster with risk of hyperbilirubinemia (allelic odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, P = 7 × 10- 8). TT-homozygotes had a 6.5-fold increased risk of hyperbilirubinemia (grades 1-4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9-14.6, P = 7 × 10- 6) and a 16.4-fold higher risk of grade 3-4 hyperbilirubinemia (95% CI 6.1-43.8, P = 2 × 10- 8). Replication analyses confirmed these associations with joint analysis yielding genome-wide significance (allelic OR = 2.1, P = 6 × 10- 11; 95% CI 1.7-2.7). Moreover, rs6744284 genotypes were strongly linked to the Gilbert's syndrome-associated UGT1A1*28/*37 allele (r2 = 0.70), providing functional support for study findings. Of clinical importance, the rs6744284 TT genotype counterbalanced the adverse prognostic impact of high hyperbilirubinemia on therapy outcome. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy-related hyperbilirubinemia is a prognostic factor for treatment outcome in pediatric ALL and genetic variation in UGT1A aids in predicting the clinical impact of hyperbilirubinemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov ; #NCT00430118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie V. Junk
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Möricke
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rita Beier
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schütte
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Fedders
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Alten
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Hinze
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Klein
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulozik
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U. Muckenthaler
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Koehler
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jayaram Vijayakrishnan
- grid.18886.3fDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - David Ellinghaus
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Wintering
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian P. Kratz
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, and of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- grid.18886.3fDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Gunnar Cario
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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17
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Lu J, Duan Y, Liu P, He X, Yang Y, Zhang R, Weng L. Identification of tumour-infiltrating myeloid subsets associated with overall survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2023; 259:21-34. [PMID: 36178315 PMCID: PMC10100161 DOI: 10.1002/path.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a primary subtype of lung cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, and tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) are key regulators of LUSC. However, the correlation between the abundance of TIM subtypes and clinical outcomes of LUSC remains unexplored. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for low- and high-risk patients with LUSC based on myeloid cell microenvironments. TIM markers in the tumoural (T) and stromal (S) regions were quantified using immunohistochemistry for 502 LUSC patients. L1-penalized Cox regression was used to develop a myeloid survival score (MSS) model based on the training cohort, followed by validation in distinct cohorts from multiple centres. RNA sequencing and immunostaining were used to examine the mechanisms of myeloid cells in LUSC progression and predict potential drug targets and therapeutic agents. Of the 12 myeloid markers, CD163T, CD163S, and S100A12T were highly associated with overall survival (OS) in LUSC patients. The MSS of the three myeloid signatures accurately categorized LUSC patients into risk categories, with an observable difference in OS between the training and validation cohorts. Tumours with high MSS were associated with enhanced antioxidative ability and hedgehog signalling and a shift to a more pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, accompanied by a reduced tumour cell immunogenicity and increased CD8+ T cell exhaustion patterns. Additionally, in high-risk patients, potential drug targets and compounds regulating hedgehog signalling were identified. Our study provides the first prognostic myeloid signature for LUSC, which may help advance precision medicine. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yumei Duan
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Pinbo Liu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, PR China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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18
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Cancer cells hijack RNA processing to rewrite the message. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1447-1456. [PMID: 36282006 PMCID: PMC9704515 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Typically, cancer is thought to arise due to DNA mutations, dysregulated transcription and/or aberrant signalling. Recently, it has become clear that dysregulated mRNA processing, mRNA export and translation also contribute to malignancy. RNA processing events result in major modifications to the physical nature of mRNAs such as the addition of the methyl-7-guanosine cap, the removal of introns and the addition of polyA tails. mRNA processing is a critical determinant for the protein-coding capacity of mRNAs since these physical changes impact the efficiency by which a given transcript can be exported to the cytoplasm and translated into protein. While many of these mRNA metabolism steps were considered constitutive housekeeping activities, they are now known to be highly regulated with combinatorial and multiplicative impacts i.e. one event will influence the capacity to undergo others. Furthermore, alternative splicing and/or cleavage and polyadenylation can produce transcripts with alternative messages and new functionalities. The coordinated processing of groups of functionally related RNAs can potently re-wire signalling pathways, modulate survival pathways and even re-structure the cell. As postulated by the RNA regulon model, combinatorial regulation of these groups is achieved by the presence of shared cis-acting elements (known as USER codes) which recruit machinery for processing, export or translation. In all, dysregulated RNA metabolism in cancer gives rise to an altered proteome that in turn elicits biological responses related to malignancy. Studies of these events in cancer revealed new mechanisms underpinning malignancies and unearthed novel therapeutic opportunities. In all, cancer cells coopt RNA processing, export and translation to support their oncogenic activity.
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19
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Audet-Delage Y, Rouleau M, Villeneuve L, Guillemette C. The Glycosyltransferase Pathway: An Integrated Analysis of the Cell Metabolome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12101006. [PMID: 36295907 PMCID: PMC9609030 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical to the homeostasis of endogenous metabolites and the detoxification of xenobiotics. Their impact on the cell metabolome remains unknown. Cellular metabolic changes resulting from human UGT expression were profiled by untargeted metabolomics. The abundant UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 were studied as UGT prototypes along with their alternative (alt.) splicing-derived isoforms displaying structural differences. Nineteen biochemical routes were modified, beyond known UGT substrates. Significant variations in glycolysis and pyrimidine pathways, and precursors of the co-substrate UDP-glucuronic acid were observed. Bioactive lipids such as arachidonic acid and endocannabinoids were highly enriched by up to 13.3-fold (p < 0.01) in cells expressing the canonical enzymes. Alt. UGT2B7 induced drastic and unique metabolic perturbations, including higher glucose (18-fold) levels and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle metabolites and abrogated the effects of the UGT2B7 canonical enzyme when co-expressed. UGT1A1 proteins promoted the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and TCA metabolites upstream of the mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC). Alt. UGT1A1 exacerbated these changes, likely through its interaction with the OGDC component oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL). This study expands the breadth of biochemical pathways associated with UGT expression and establishes extensive connectivity between UGT enzymes, alt. proteins and other metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Audet-Delage
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michèle Rouleau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center—Université Laval, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Université Laval Cancer Research Center (CRC), R4720, 2705 Blvd Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-654-2296
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20
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Jiang J. Hedgehog signaling mechanism and role in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:107-122. [PMID: 33836254 PMCID: PMC8492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling pathways has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including cancer. One such pathway is the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which was originally discovered in Drosophila and later found to play a fundamental role in human development and diseases. Abnormal Hh pathway activation is a major driver of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and medulloblastoma. Hh exerts it biological influence through a largely conserved signal transduction pathway from the activation of the GPCR family transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) to the conversion of latent Zn-finger transcription factors Gli/Ci proteins from their repressor (GliR/CiR) to activator (GliA/CiA) forms. Studies from model organisms and human patients have provided deep insight into the Hh signal transduction mechanisms, revealed roles of Hh signaling in a wide range of human cancers, and suggested multiple strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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21
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Lemos T, Merchant A. The hedgehog pathway in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960943. [PMID: 36091167 PMCID: PMC9453489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a promising therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Activation of the pathway has been tied to greater chances of relapse and poorer outcomes in several hematological malignancies and inhibiting the pathway has improved outcomes in several clinical trials. One inhibitor targeting the pathway via the protein Smoothened (SMO), glasdegib, has been approved by the FDA for use with a low dose cytarabine regiment in some high-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML). If further clinical trials in glasdegib produce positive results, there may soon be more general use of HH inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies.While there is clinical evidence that HH inhibitors may improve outcomes and help prevent relapse, a full understanding of any mechanism of action remains elusive. The bulk of AML cells exhibit primary resistance to SMO inhibition (SMOi), leading some to hypothesize that that clinical activity of SMOi is mediated through modulation of self-renewal and chemoresistance in rare cancer stem cells (CSC). Direct evidence that CSC are being targeted in patients by SMOi has proven difficult to produce, and here we present data to support the alternative hypothesis that suggests the clinical benefit observed with SMOi is being mediated through stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.This paper's aims are to review the history of the HH pathway in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy, to highlight the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for its use a therapeutic target, and to explore the evidence for stromal activation of the pathway acting to protect CSCs and enable self-renewal of AML and other diseases. Finally, we highlight gaps in the current data and present hypotheses for new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akil Merchant
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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22
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Canonical Hedgehog Pathway and Noncanonical GLI Transcription Factor Activation in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162523. [PMID: 36010600 PMCID: PMC9406872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the fundamental pathways required for development and regulation of postnatal regeneration in a variety of tissues. The pathway has also been associated with cancers since the identification of a mutation in one of its components, PTCH, as the cause of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, which is associated with several cancers. Our understanding of the pathway in tumorigenesis has expanded greatly since that initial discovery over two decades ago. The pathway has tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions depending on the context of the cancer. Furthermore, noncanonical activation of GLI transcription factors has been reported in a number of tumor types. Here, we review the roles of canonical Hedgehog signaling pathway and noncanonical GLI activation in cancers, particularly epithelial cancers, and discuss an emerging concept of the distinct outcomes that these modes have on cancer initiation and progression.
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23
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Tesanovic S, Krenn PW, Aberger F. Hedgehog/GLI signaling in hematopoietic development and acute myeloid leukemia—From bench to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944760. [PMID: 35990601 PMCID: PMC9388743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the underlying genetic alterations and biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid cells, have been gradually unraveled in the last decades, translation into clinical treatment approaches has only just begun. High relapse rates remain a major challenge in AML therapy and are to a large extent attributed to the persistence of treatment-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is crucial for the development and progression of multiple cancer stem cell driven tumors, including AML, and has therefore gained interest as a therapeutic target. In this review, we give an overview of the major components of the HH signaling pathway, dissect HH functions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and specifically elaborate on the role of HH signaling in AML pathogenesis and resistance. Furthermore, we summarize preclinical and clinical HH inhibitor studies, leading to the approval of the HH pathway inhibitor glasdegib, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for AML treatment.
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24
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Borden K. The search for genetic dark matter and lessons learned from the journey. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:276-281. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, I describe our scientific journey to unearth the impact of RNA metabolism in cancer using the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E as an exemplar. This model allowed us to discover new structural, biochemical, and molecular features of RNA processing, and to reveal their substantial impact on cell physiology. This led us to develop proof-of-principle strategies to target these pathways in cancer patients leading to clinical benefit. I discuss the important role that the unexpected plays in research and the necessity of embracing the data even when it clashes with dogma. I also touch on the importance of equity, diversity and inclusion to the success of the scientific enterprise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Borden
- University of Montreal, 5622, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Burman B, Drutman SB, Fury MG, Wong RJ, Katabi N, Ho AL, Pfister DG. Pharmacodynamic and therapeutic pilot studies of single-agent ribavirin in patients with human papillomavirus-related malignancies. Oral Oncol 2022; 128:105806. [PMID: 35339025 PMCID: PMC9788648 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ribavirin inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), thereby decreasing cap-dependent translation. In this two-part study, we assessed the pharmacodynamic effects and therapeutic potential of ribavirin in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related malignancies. METHODS In the pharmacodynamic study, ribavirin (400 mg BID for 14 days) was evaluated in 8 patients with HPV-positive localized oropharyngeal carcinoma with phosphorylated-eIF4E (p-eIF4E) ≥ 30%. In the therapeutic study, ribavirin (1400 mg BID in 28-day cycles, continuously dosed) was evaluated in 12 patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HPV-related cancer. Dose interruptions or reductions were allowed according to prespecified criteria. Toxicities were assessed in accordance with National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4; response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Patients remained on study until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS Six patients were evaluable in the pharmacodynamic study: 4 had decreased p-eIF4E after 14 days of ribavirin. In the therapeutic study, 12 patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 9 were evaluable for response. Among these, median follow-up was 3.5 months, and best overall response was stable disease in 5 patients and progression of disease in 4 patients. Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (grade > 2) were anemia, dyspnea, and hyperbilirubinemia. All patients had anemia (grades 1-3), with 33% having at least 1 dose reduction. CONCLUSION Oral ribavirin decreases p-eIF4E levels and is well-tolerated. However, a clear signal of efficacy in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HPV-related cancers was not observed. (NCT02308241, NCT01268579).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Burman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Scott B. Drutman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew G. Fury
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan L. Ho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - David G. Pfister
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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26
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Carlile GW, Yang Q, Matthes E, Liao J, Birault V, Sneddon HF, Poole DL, Hall CJ, Hanrahan JW, Thomas DY. The NSAID glafenine rescues class 2 CFTR mutants via cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition of the arachidonic acid pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4595. [PMID: 35302062 PMCID: PMC8930988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are caused by class 2 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). These proteins preserve some channel function but are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Partial rescue of the most common CFTR class 2 mutant, F508del-CFTR, has been achieved through the development of pharmacological chaperones (Tezacaftor and Elexacaftor) that bind CFTR directly. However, it is not clear whether these drugs will rescue all class 2 CFTR mutants to a medically relevant level. We have previously shown that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen can correct F508del-CFTR trafficking. Here, we utilized RNAi and pharmacological inhibitors to determine the mechanism of action of the NSAID glafenine. Using cellular thermal stability assays (CETSAs), we show that it is a proteostasis modulator. Using medicinal chemistry, we identified a derivative with a fourfold increase in CFTR corrector potency. Furthermore, we show that these novel arachidonic acid pathway inhibitors can rescue difficult-to-correct class 2 mutants, such as G85E-CFTR > 13%, that of non-CF cells in well-differentiated HBE cells. Thus, the results suggest that targeting the arachidonic acid pathway may be a profitable way of developing correctors of certain previously hard-to-correct class 2 CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme W Carlile
- Department of Biochemistry, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- Department of Physiology, McGill Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Physiology, McGill Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Véronique Birault
- Translation Department, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Helen F Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Darren L Poole
- Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Callum J Hall
- Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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27
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Yang C, Guo X, Li J, Han J, Jia L, Wen HL, Sun C, Wang X, Zhang B, Li J, Chi Y, An T, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li H, Li L. Significant Upregulation of HERV-K (HML-2) Transcription Levels in Human Lung Cancer and Cancer Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:850444. [PMID: 35359739 PMCID: PMC8960717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.850444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Under this circumstance, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) were recently introduced as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This study focused on the correlation between lung cancer and HERV-K (HML-2) transcription levels. At the cellular level, different types of lung cancer cells and human normal lung epithelial cells were used to analyze the transcription levels of the HERV-K (HML-2) gag, pol, and env genes by RT–qPCR. At the level of lung cancer patients, blood samples with background information from 734 lung cancer patients and 96 healthy persons were collected to analyze the transcription levels of HERV-K (HML-2) gag, pol, and env genes. The results showed that the transcriptional levels of the HERV-K (HML-2) gag, pol, and env genes in lung cancer cells and lung cancer patient blood samples were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls, which was also verified by RNAScope ISH technology. In addition, we also found that there was a correlation between the abnormal transcription levels of HERV-K (HML-2) genes in lung cancer patients and the clinicopathological parameters of lung cancer. We also identified the distribution locations of the gag, pol, and env primer sequences on each chromosome and analyzed the function of these loci. In conclusion, HERV-K (HML-2) genes may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Yang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwan Han
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong An
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ziping Wang,
| | - Hanping Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
- Hanping Li,
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing, China
- Lin Li,
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28
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Update on glasdegib in acute myeloid leukemia - broadening horizons of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:9-34. [PMID: 36651529 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous new emerging therapies, including oral targeted chemotherapies, have recently entered the therapeutic arsenal against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The significant shift toward the use of these novel therapeutics, administered either alone or in combination with intensive or low-intensity chemotherapy, changes the prospects for the control of this disease, especially for elderly patients. Glasdegib, an oral Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, showed satisfactory response rates associated with moderate toxicity and less early mortality than standard induction regimens in this population. It was approved in November 2018 by the FDA and in June 2020 by the EMA for use in combination with low-dose cytarabine as a treatment of newly-diagnosed AML in patients aged ≥ 75 and/or unfit for intensive induction chemotherapy. The current paper proposes an extensive, up-to-date review of the preclinical and clinical development of glasdegib. Elements of its routine clinical use and the landscape of ongoing clinical trials are also stated.
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29
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Mars JC, Ghram M, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B, Borden KLB. The Cap-Binding Complex CBC and the Eukaryotic Translation Factor eIF4E: Co-Conspirators in Cap-Dependent RNA Maturation and Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6185. [PMID: 34944805 PMCID: PMC8699206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of RNA into protein is a dynamic process which is heavily regulated during normal cell physiology and can be dysregulated in human malignancies. Its dysregulation can impact selected groups of RNAs, modifying protein levels independently of transcription. Integral to their suitability for translation, RNAs undergo a series of maturation steps including the addition of the m7G cap on the 5' end of RNAs, splicing, as well as cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA). Importantly, each of these steps can be coopted to modify the transcript signal. Factors that bind the m7G cap escort these RNAs through different steps of maturation and thus govern the physical nature of the final transcript product presented to the translation machinery. Here, we describe these steps and how the major m7G cap-binding factors in mammalian cells, the cap binding complex (CBC) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, are positioned to chaperone transcripts through RNA maturation, nuclear export, and translation in a transcript-specific manner. To conceptualize a framework for the flow and integration of this genetic information, we discuss RNA maturation models and how these integrate with translation. Finally, we discuss how these processes can be coopted by cancer cells and means to target these in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Clement Mars
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Ghram
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Biljana Culjkovic-Kraljacic
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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30
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Li Y, Liu J, Cai XW, Li HX, Cheng Y, Dong XH, Yu W, Fu XL. Biomarkers for the prediction of esophageal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response: A systemic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 167:103466. [PMID: 34508841 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery has been established as the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer. For patients with complete regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, active surveillance rather than planned surgery has been proposed as an organ preservation strategy. Reliable biomarkers to predict chemoradiation response is needed. We first summarized the previous reports of biomarkers with the potential to predict the treatment response of esophageal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These traditional biomarkers are classified into three groups: genetic biomarkers, RNA biomarkers, and protein biomarkers. We then summarized some special types of biomarkers, including metabolites biomarkers, immune and tumor microenvironment biomarkers, and microbiome biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Wei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Osborne MJ, Rahardjo AK, Volpon L, Borden KLB. 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments of the C-terminal domain of human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7-C). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2021; 15:323-328. [PMID: 33870481 PMCID: PMC8549657 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-021-10024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes catalyze the covalent addition of glucuronic acid to a wide range of compounds, generally rendering them inactive. Although important for clearance of environmental toxins and metabolites, UGT activation can lead to inappropriate glucuronidation of therapeutics underlying drug resistance. Indeed, 50% of medications are glucuronidated. To better understand this mode of resistance, we studied the UGT2B7 enzyme associated with glucuronidation of cancer drugs such as Tamoxifen and Sorafenib. We report 1H, 13C and 15N backbone (> 90%) and side-chain assignments (~ 78% completeness according to CYANA) for the C-terminal domain of UGT2B7 (UGT2B7-C). Given the biomedical importance of this family of enzymes, our assignments will provide a key tool for improving understanding of the biochemical basis for substrate selectivity and other aspects of enzyme activity. This in turn will inform on drug design to overcome UGT-related drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osborne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda K Rahardjo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Pavillion Marcelle-Coutu, Chemin Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Golla U, Ehudin MA, Annageldiyev C, Zeng Z, Bastihalli Tukaramrao D, Tarren A, Date AA, Elcheva I, Berg A, Amin S, Loughran TP, Kester M, Desai D, Dovat S, Claxton D, Sharma A. DJ4 Targets the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Pathway and Attenuates Disease Progression in Preclinical Murine Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4889. [PMID: 34638385 PMCID: PMC8508452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the highly heterogenous nature of the disease motivates targeted gene therapeutic investigations. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are crucial for various actin cytoskeletal changes, which have established malignant consequences in various cancers, yet are still not being successfully utilized clinically towards cancer treatment. This work establishes the therapeutic activity of ROCK inhibitor (5Z)-2-5-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-ylmethylene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one (DJ4) in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of AML to highlight the potential of this class of inhibitors. Herein, DJ4 induced cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects in a dose-dependent manner in human AML cell lines (IC50: 0.05-1.68 μM) and primary patient cells (IC50: 0.264-13.43 μM); however, normal hematopoietic cells were largely spared. ROCK inhibition by DJ4 disrupts the phosphorylation of downstream targets, myosin light chain (MLC2) and myosin-binding subunit of MLC phosphatase (MYPT), yielding a potent yet selective treatment response at micromolar concentrations, from 0.02 to 1 μM. Murine models injected with luciferase-expressing leukemia cell lines subcutaneously or intravenously and treated with DJ4 exhibited an increase in overall survival and reduction in disease progression relative to the vehicle-treated control mice. Overall, DJ4 is a promising candidate to utilize in future investigations to advance the current AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendarrao Golla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Melanie A. Ehudin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Diwakar Bastihalli Tukaramrao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - Anna Tarren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Abhijit A. Date
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Irina Elcheva
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - Arthur Berg
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Shantu Amin
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
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Abraham A, Matsui W. Hedgehog Signaling in Myeloid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194888. [PMID: 34638372 PMCID: PMC8507617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hedgehog signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in many myeloid malignancies, and pathway inhibition is clinically beneficial in specific patients with acute myeloid leukemia. However, even with the approval of these agents, the role of Hedgehog signaling in other myeloid disorders is less clear. In this review, we summarize the laboratory studies that have examined Hedgehog signaling in normal and malignant hematopoiesis as well as the clinical studies that have been carried out in several myeloid leukemias. Finally, we explore potential strategies to further expand the use of pathway inhibitors as therapies for these diseases. Abstract Myeloid malignancies arise from normal hematopoiesis and include several individual disorders with a wide range of clinical manifestations, treatment options, and clinical outcomes. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in many of these diseases, and glasdegib, a Smoothened (SMO) antagonist and HH pathway inhibitor, has recently been approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The efficacy of SMO inhibitors in AML suggests that they may be broadly active, but clinical studies in other myeloid malignancies have been largely inconclusive. We will discuss the biological role of the HH pathway in normal hematopoiesis and myeloid malignancies and review clinical studies targeting HH signaling in these diseases. In addition, we will examine SMO-independent pathway activation and highlight potential strategies that may expand the clinical utility of HH pathway antagonists.
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Chai JY, Sugumar V, Alshanon AF, Wong WF, Fung SY, Looi CY. Defining the Role of GLI/Hedgehog Signaling in Chemoresistance: Implications in Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4746. [PMID: 34638233 PMCID: PMC8507559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into cancer signaling pathways is vital in the development of new cancer treatments to improve treatment efficacy. A relatively new but essential developmental signaling pathway, namely Hedgehog (Hh), has recently emerged as a major mediator of cancer progression and chemoresistance. The evolutionary conserved Hh signaling pathway requires an in-depth understanding of the paradigm of Hh signaling transduction, which is fundamental to provide the necessary means for the design of novel tools for treating cancer related to aberrant Hh signaling. This review will focus substantially on the canonical Hh signaling and the treatment strategies employed in different studies, with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms and combination treatment in regard to Hh inhibitors and chemotherapeutics. We discuss our views based on Hh signaling's role in regulating DNA repair machinery, autophagy, tumor microenvironment, drug inactivation, transporters, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells to promote chemoresistance. The understanding of this Achilles' Heel in cancer may improve the therapeutic outcome for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yi Chai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Vaisnevee Sugumar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmed F. Alshanon
- Center of Biotechnology Researches, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad 10072, Iraq;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shin Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
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Lainez-González D, Serrano-López J, Alonso-Domínguez JM. Understanding the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: A Necessary Step toward a Cure. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040255. [PMID: 33804919 PMCID: PMC8063837 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hedgehog signaling pathway is related to the cell cycle. In particular, it is considered to play a fundamental role in the quiescence of leukemic stem cell (i.e., a temporary resting state without cell replication). Leukemic stem cells are the cells supposed to give rise to the relapses of the leukemia. Therefore, the Hedgehog pathway must be understood to improve the current treatments against acute myeloid leukemia and avoid the relapse of the disease. In this review, we gather the present knowledge about the physiological Hedgehog pathway function, the aberrant activation of Hedgehog in leukemia, and highlight the lack of evidence regarding some aspects of this important pathway. Finally, we summarize the acute myeloid leukemia treatments targeting this signaling pathway. Abstract A better understanding of how signaling pathways govern cell fate is fundamental to advances in cancer development and treatment. The initialization of different tumors and their maintenance are caused by the deregulation of different signaling pathways and cancer stem cell maintenance. Quiescent stem cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic treatments and, consequently, are responsible for disease relapse. In this review we focus on the conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway which is involved in regulating the cell cycle of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Thus, we examine the role of the Hh signaling pathway in normal and leukemic stem cells and dissect its role in acute myeloid leukemia. We explain not only the connection between illness and the signaling pathway but also evaluate innovative therapeutic approaches that could affect the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. We found that many aspects of the Hedgehog signaling pathway remain unknown. The role of Hh has only been proven in embryo and hematopoietic stem cell development. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of GLI transcription factors for therapeutic targeting. Glasdegib, an SMO inhibitor, has shown clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia; however, its mechanism of action is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lainez-González
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Juana Serrano-López
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Juan Manuel Alonso-Domínguez
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.-G.); (J.S.-L.)
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918488100-2673
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36
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Gampala S, Zhang G, Chang CJ, Yang JY. Activation of AMPK sensitizes medulloblastoma to Vismodegib and overcomes Vismodegib-resistance. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:459-469. [PMID: 34124601 PMCID: PMC8171304 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vismodegib, a Smoothened antagonist, is clinically approved for treatment of human basal cell carcinoma (BCC), in the clinical trials of medulloblastoma (MB) and other cancers. However, a significant proportion of these tumors fail to respond to Vismodegib after a period of treatment. Here, we find that AMPK agonists, A769662, and Metformin, can inhibit GLI1 activity and synergize with Vismodegib to suppress MB cell growth invitro and invivo. Furthermore, combination of AMPK agonists with Vismodegib is effective in overcoming Vismodegib‐resistant MB. This is the first report demonstrating that combining AMPK agonist (Metformin) and SHH pathway inhibitor (Vismodegib) confers synergy for MB treatment and provides an effective chemotherapeutic regimen that can be used to overcome resistance to Vismodegib in SHH‐driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Gampala
- Department of Pediatrics Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Chun Ju Chang
- Department of Medicine Division of Translational Research Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Research Center for Cancer Biology China Medical University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Department of Medicine Division of Translational Research Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo NY USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Research Center for Cancer Biology China Medical University Taichung City Taiwan
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37
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Rodrigues ACBDC, Costa RGA, Silva SLR, Dias IRSB, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Cell signaling pathways as molecular targets to eliminate AML stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103277. [PMID: 33716201 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the most lethal of leukemias and a small population of cells called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) has been associated with disease relapses. Some cell signaling pathways play an important role in AML survival, proliferation and self-renewal properties and are abnormally activated or suppressed in LSCs. This includes the NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, EGFR, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF/SMAD and PPAR pathways. This review aimed to discuss these pathways as molecular targets for eliminating AML LSCs. Herein, inhibitors/activators of these pathways were summarized as a potential new anti-AML therapy capable of eliminating LSCs to guide future researches. The clinical use of cell signaling pathways data can be useful to enhance the anti-AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela G A Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Suellen L R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ingrid R S B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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38
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Aslostovar L, Boyd AL, Benoit YD, Di Lu J, Garcia Rodriguez JL, Nakanishi M, Porras DP, Reid JC, Mitchell RR, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Foley R, Bhatia M. Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100202. [PMID: 33665638 PMCID: PMC7897800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of dopamine receptors (DRDs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has encouraged the repurposing of DRD antagonists such as thioridazine (TDZ) as anti-leukemic agents. Here, we access patient cells from a Phase I dose escalation trial to resolve the cellular and molecular bases of response to TDZ, and we extend these findings to an additional independent cohort of AML patient samples tested preclinically. We reveal that in DRD2+ AML patients, DRD signaling in leukemic progenitors provides leukemia-exclusive networks of sensitivity that spare healthy hematopoiesis. AML progenitor cell suppression can be increased by the isolation of the positive enantiomer from the racemic TDZ mixture (TDZ+), and this is accompanied by reduced cardiac liability. Our study indicates that the development of DRD-directed therapies provides a targeting strategy for a subset of AML patients and potentially other cancers that acquire DRD expression upon transformation from healthy tissue. Leukemic progenitors are a critical cellular target of DRD2 antagonist TDZ DRD2 protein expression is a reliable biomarker of TDZ response DRD2 antagonism selectively triggers leukemic maturation programs via cyclic AMP An enantiomer of TDZ displays a superior efficacy:risk ratio relative to racemic TDZ
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Aslostovar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Di Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mio Nakanishi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna P Porras
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan R Mitchell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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39
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Elcheva IA, Spiegelman VS. Targeting RNA-binding proteins in acute and chronic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:360-376. [PMID: 33149266 PMCID: PMC7868134 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in cellular physiology by regulating RNA processing, translation, and turnover. In neoplasms, RBP support of cancer-relevant expression of alternatively spliced, modified, and stabilized mRNA transcripts is essential to self-renewal, proliferation, and adaptation to stress. In this review, we assess the impact of key families of RBPs in leukemogenesis, review progress in targeting those proteins with small molecules, and discuss how multilevel composition of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression could be used for potential therapies in acute and chronic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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40
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The Nuclear Pore Complex and mRNA Export in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010042. [PMID: 33375634 PMCID: PMC7796397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is a key regulatory step in the expression of proteins. mRNAs are transported through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Export of mRNAs responds to a variety of cellular stimuli and stresses. Revelations of the specific effects elicited by NPC components and associated co-factors provides a molecular basis for the export of selected RNAs, independent of bulk mRNA export. Aberrant RNA export has been observed in primary human cancer specimens. These cargo RNAs encode factors involved in nearly all facets of malignancy. Indeed, the NPC components involved in RNA export as well as the RNA export machinery can be found to be dysregulated, mutated, or impacted by chromosomal translocations in cancer. The basic mechanisms associated with RNA export with relation to export machinery and relevant NPC components are described. Therapeutic strategies targeting this machinery in clinical trials is also discussed. These findings firmly position RNA export as a targetable feature of cancer along with transcription and translation.
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41
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Carter JL, Hege K, Yang J, Kalpage HA, Su Y, Edwards H, Hüttemann M, Taub JW, Ge Y. Targeting multiple signaling pathways: the new approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:288. [PMID: 33335095 PMCID: PMC7746731 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and the second most common form of acute leukemia in children. Despite this, very little improvement in survival rates has been achieved over the past few decades. This is partially due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for more targeted therapeutics than the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies that have been a mainstay in therapy for the past 50 years. In the past 20 years, research has been diversifying the approach to treating AML by investigating molecular pathways uniquely relevant to AML cell proliferation and survival. Here we review the development of novel therapeutics in targeting apoptosis, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, hedgehog (HH) pathway, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and c-Myc signaling. There has been an impressive effort into better understanding the diversity of AML cell characteristics and here we highlight important preclinical studies that have supported therapeutic development and continue to promote new ways to target AML cells. In addition, we describe clinical investigations that have led to FDA approval of new targeted AML therapies and ongoing clinical trials of novel therapies targeting AML survival pathways. We also describe the complexity of targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs) as an approach to addressing relapse and remission in AML and targetable pathways that are unique to LSC survival. This comprehensive review details what we currently understand about the signaling pathways that support AML cell survival and the exceptional ways in which we disrupt them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Carter
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,MD/PhD Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katie Hege
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yongwei Su
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yubin Ge
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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42
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Cui W, Fang T, Duan Z, Xiang D, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhai F, Cui X, Yang L. Dihydroartemisinin Sensitizes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Cisplatin by Inhibiting Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596788. [PMID: 33363149 PMCID: PMC7758349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based regimens have been routinely used in the clinical treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, administration of these drugs is frequently accompanied by drug resistance. Revealing the underlying mechanisms of the drug resistance and developing agents that enhance the sensitivity to platinum may provide new therapeutic strategies for the patients. In the present study, we found that the poor outcome of ESCC patients receiving platinum-based regimens was associated with co-expression of Shh and Sox2. The sensitivity of ESCC cell lines to cisplatin was related to their activity of Shh signaling. Manipulating of Shh expression markedly changed the sensitivity of ESCC cells to platinum. Continuous treatment with cisplatin resulted in the activation of Shh signaling and enhanced cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in ESCC cells. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a classic antimalarial drug, was identified as a novel inhibitor of Shh pathway. Treatment with DHA attenuated the cisplatin-induced activation of the Shh pathway in ESCC cells and synergized the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on proliferation, sphere and colony formation of ALDH-positive ESCC cells in vitro and growth of ESCC cell-derived xenograft tumors in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Shh pathway is an important player in cisplatin-resistant ESCC and DHA acts as a promising therapeutic agent to sensitize ESCC to cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoheng Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongfang Xiang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fangzheng Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Hu L, Cheng M, Wang Q, Hu X, Chen Q. The Hedgehog signaling pathway promotes chemotherapy resistance via multidrug resistance protein 1 in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2610-2620. [PMID: 33125122 PMCID: PMC7640363 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have revealed that the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway promotes ovarian cancer invasion, migration and drug resistance. Previous studies by our group have identified a set of genes, including multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), that are regulated by Hh signaling in ovarian cancer. However, the association between Hh signaling activation and MDR1 expression requires further validation. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR or western blot assays were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1, Sonic Hh (Shh), glioma-associated oncogene 2 (Gli2), Gli1 and γ-phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone (γ-H2AX). MTT and colony-formation assays were performed to determine the effect of cisplatin (DDP) after inhibiting the Hh pathway in ovarian cancer cells. The results indicated that MDR1, Gli2 and Shh levels were much higher in SK-OV-3 cells with acquired DDP resistance than in native SK-OV-3 cells. ES-2 cells with overexpression of Gli2 were capable of efficiently forming colonies in the presence of low DDP concentrations. By contrast, Gli2 knockdown in SK-OV-3 cells decreased the colony-forming ability under the same concentration of DDP. As determined by MTT assays, knockdown of Gli2 or targeting of the Hh signaling pathway with either Gli-antagonist 61 (GANT61) or cyclopamine, in combination with DDP treatment, diminished the viability of ES-2 and SK-OV-3 cells, whereas Gli2 overexpression increased the viability of ES-2 cells in the presence of DDP. Knockdown of Gli2 or targeting the Hh signaling pathway with GANT61 also increased γ-H2AX levels but decreased the expression of MDR1 in the presence of DDP. MDR1 expression is regulated by the Hh signaling pathway and is likely a downstream transcription factor of Gli2. In conclusion, targeting the Hh signaling pathway increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to DDP. MDR1 is a target gene of the Hh signaling pathway and this pathway may affect chemoresistance of ovarian cancer to DDP via MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lanyan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Minzhang Cheng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Yao H, Sun L, Li J, Zhou X, Li R, Shao R, Zhang Y, Li L. A Novel Therapeutic siRNA Nanoparticle Designed for Dual-Targeting CD44 and Gli1 of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7013-7034. [PMID: 33061365 PMCID: PMC7522319 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s260163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important for the initiation, growth, recurrence, and metastasis of gastric cancer, due to their chemo-resistance and indefinite proliferation. Herein, to eliminate gastric CSCs, we developed novel CSC-targeting glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles that are specifically guided by a di-stearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine- hyaluronic-acid (DSPE-HA) single-point conjugate, as an intrinsic ligand of the CD44 receptor. We refer to these as targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles. Methods We used the reductive amination reaction method for attaching amine groups of DSPE to aldehydic group of hyaluronic acid (HA) at the reducing end, to synthesize the DSPE-HA single-point conjugate. Next, targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles were prepared using the layer-by-layer assembly method. We characterized the stem cellular features of targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles, including their targeting efficiency, self-renewal capacity, the migration and invasion capacity of gastric CSCs, and the penetration ability of 3D tumor spheroids. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles by using in vivo relapsed tumor models of gastric CSCs. Results Compared with the multipoint conjugates, DSPE-HA single-point conjugates on the surface of nanoparticles showed significantly higher binding affinities with CD44. The targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles significantly decreased Gli1 protein expression, inhibited CSC tumor spheroid and colony formation, and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, in vivo imaging demonstrated that targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles accumulated in tumor tissues, showing significant antitumor recurrence efficacy in vivo. Conclusion In summary, our targeting Gli1 siRNA nanoparticles significantly inhibited CSC malignancy features by specifically blocking Hedgehog (Hh) signaling both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this novel siRNA delivery system that specifically eliminates gastric CSCs provides a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Doheny D, Manore SG, Wong GL, Lo HW. Hedgehog Signaling and Truncated GLI1 in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092114. [PMID: 32957513 PMCID: PMC7565963 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and supports aggressive phenotypes of human cancers, such as neoplastic transformation, tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Canonical activation of HH signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Consequently, the glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) zinc-finger transcription factors, the terminal effectors of the HH pathway, are released from suppressor of fused (SUFU)-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration, permitting nuclear translocation and activation of target genes. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been implicated in several cancer types, including medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and cancers of lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, ovarian, and breast. Therefore, several components of the HH pathway are under investigation for targeted cancer therapy, particularly GLI1 and SMO. GLI1 transcripts are reported to undergo alternative splicing to produce truncated variants: loss-of-function GLI1ΔN and gain-of-function truncated GLI1 (tGLI1). This review covers the biochemical steps necessary for propagation of the HH activating signal and the involvement of aberrant HH signaling in human cancers, with a highlight on the tumor-specific gain-of-function tGLI1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Sara G. Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-716-0695
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Pan Y, An N, Deng X, Zhang Q, Du X. RNF220 promotes the proliferation of leukaemic cells and reduces the degradation of the Cyclin D1 protein through USP22. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 86:102490. [PMID: 32896826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ring finger proteins contain a characteristic ring finger motif and perform a wide range of biological functions in living organisms. These genes are abnormally expressed in many cancers. We found that the expression level of Ring finger protein 220 (RNF220) was negatively correlated with the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. Moreover, the mRNA level of this gene is significantly higher in the bone marrow cells of AML patients than in the mobilized peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cells of healthy donors. The overexpression of RNF220 promotes the proliferation of AML cells and accelerates the transition from G1 phase to S phase. Increased protein levels and decreased ubiquitylation levels of Cyclin D1 were observed in the nuclei of cells overexpressing RNF220 compared to those of control cells. The protein level of USP22 was also increased in cells overexpressing RNF220. RNF220 cannot enhance the stability of the Cyclin D1 protein without increased expression of the USP22 protein. Our study provided proof of principle to show that RNF220 promotes stabilization of the Cyclin D1 protein via USP22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Pan
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Na An
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiaopeng Deng
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zhang
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Xin Du
- Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: A New Therapeutic Class for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:134-145. [DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Downregulation of GLI3 Expression Mediates Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145084. [PMID: 32708452 PMCID: PMC7404064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (HH) pathway is observed in many neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI) transcription factors are the main downstream effectors of the HH signaling cascade and are responsible for the proliferation and maintenance of leukemic stem cells, which support chemotherapy resistance and leukemia relapse. Cytarabine (Ara-C)-resistant variants of AML cell lines were established through long-term cultivation with successively increasing Ara-C concentrations. Subsequently, differences in GLI expression were analyzed by RT-qPCR. GLI3 mRNA levels were detectable in parental Kasumi-1, OCI-AML3, and OCI-AML5 cells, whereas GLI3 expression was completely silenced in all resistant counterparts. Therefore, we generated GLI3-knockdown cell lines using small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and evaluated their sensitivity to Ara-C in vitro. The knockdown of GLI3 partly abolished the effect of Ara-C on colony formation and induction of apoptosis, indicating that GLI3 downregulation results in Ara-C resistance. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of several genes involved in Ara-C metabolism and transport. Knockdown of GLI3 resulted in the upregulation of SAM and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11)/multidrug resistance-associated protein 8 (MRP8), each of which has been identified as a predictive marker for Ara-C response in acute myeloid leukemia. Our results demonstrate that GLI3 downregulation is a potential mechanism to induce chemotherapy resistance in AML.
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Borden KLB, Volpon L. The diversity, plasticity, and adaptability of cap-dependent translation initiation and the associated machinery. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1239-1251. [PMID: 32496897 PMCID: PMC7549709 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1766179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation is a critical facet of gene expression with important impacts that underlie cellular responses to stresses and environmental cues. Its dysregulation in many diseases position this process as an important area for the development of new therapeutics. The gateway translation factor eIF4E is typically considered responsible for ‘global’ or ‘canonical’ m7G cap-dependent translation. However, eIF4E impacts translation of specific transcripts rather than the entire translatome. There are many alternative cap-dependent translation mechanisms that also contribute to the translation capacity of the cell. We review the diversity of these, juxtaposing more recently identified mechanisms with eIF4E-dependent modalities. We also explore the multiplicity of functions played by translation factors, both within and outside protein synthesis, and discuss how these differentially contribute to their ultimate physiological impacts. For comparison, we discuss some modalities for cap-independent translation. In all, this review highlights the diverse mechanisms that engage and control translation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L B Borden
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Yoon JW, Lamm M, Chandler C, Iannaccone P, Walterhouse D. Up-regulation of GLI1 in vincristine-resistant rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:511. [PMID: 32493277 PMCID: PMC7310145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical significance of GLI1 expression either through canonical Hedgehog signal transduction or through non-canonical mechanisms in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is incompletely understood. We tested a role for Hedgehog (HH) signal transduction and GL11 expression in development of vincristine (VCR) resistance in RMS and EWS. Methods We characterized baseline expression and activity of HH pathway components in 5 RMS (RD, Rh18, Ruch-2, Rh30, and Rh41) and 5 EWS (CHLA9, CHLA10, TC32, CHLA258, and TC71) cell lines. We then established VCR-resistant RMS and EWS cell lines by exposing cells to serially increasing concentrations of VCR and determining the IC50. We defined resistance as a ≥ 30-fold increase in IC50 compared with parental cells. We determined changes in gene expression in the VCR-resistant cells compared with parental cells using an 86-gene cancer drug resistance array that included GLI1 and tested the effect of GLI1 inhibition with GANT61 or GLI1 siRNA on VCR resistance. Results We found evidence for HH pathway activity and GLI1 expression in RMS and EWS cell lines at baseline, and evidence that GLI1 contributes to survival and proliferation of these sarcoma cells. We were able to establish 4 VCR-resistant cell lines (Ruch-2VR, Rh30VR, Rh41VR, and TC71VR). GLI1 was significantly up-regulated in the Rh30VR, Rh41VR, and TC71VR cells. The only other gene in the drug resistance panel that was significantly up-regulated in each of these VCR-resistant cell lines compared with their corresponding parental cells was the GLI1 direct target and multidrug resistance gene, ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (MDR1). We established major vault protein (MVP), which was up-regulated in both vincristine-resistant alveolar RMS cell lines (Rh30VR and Rh41VR), as another direct target of GLI1 during development of drug resistance. Treatment of the VCR-resistant cell lines with the small molecule inhibitor GANT61 or GLI1 siRNA together with VCR significantly decreased cell viability at doses that did not reduce viability individually. Conclusions These experiments demonstrate that GLI1 up-regulation contributes to VCR resistance in RMS and EWS cell lines and suggest that targeting GLI1 may benefit patients with RMS or EWS by reducing multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Won Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marilyn Lamm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christopher Chandler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Philip Iannaccone
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - David Walterhouse
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Box 30, 225 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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