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Gu YH, Bai JB, Chen XL, Wu WW, Liu XX, Tan XD. Healthy aging: A bibliometric analysis of the literature. Exp Gerontol 2018; 116:93-105. [PMID: 30590123 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to dramatic growth of the aging population worldwide, there has been an urgent call for a public health strategy to manage healthy aging, with the ultimate goal being advancement of aging research. Considerable progress has been made in uncovering the mystery of aging process using multidisciplinary methods. There is a growing consensus in the field that aging traits which were originally thought to be disparate are likely to be interconnected. Thus, emerging research is needed to incorporate current findings of aging by building multiscale network models. This study reported the network of healthy aging research using bibliometric approaches. Based on the results, aging of the brain and muscle is a primary research focus which is a critical part of the multiscale network regulating the aging process. Among aging-associated diseases, Alzheimer's disease and frailty are among the main research focuses, and emerging work has focused on developing diagnostic tools for these diseases. For research on anti-aging interventions, calorie restriction, physical activity, and anti-aging pharmacology are the main interventions, of which the underlying mechanisms have been comprehensively studied in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hua Gu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 115, Dong Hu Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Jin-Bing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 115, Dong Hu Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wen-Wen Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 115, Dong Hu Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 115, Dong Hu Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 115, Dong Hu Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Abstract
All life requires the capacity to recover from challenges that are as inevitable as they are unpredictable. Understanding this resilience is essential for managing the health of humans and their livestock. It has long been difficult to quantify resilience directly, forcing practitioners to rely on indirect static indicators of health. However, measurements from wearable electronics and other sources now allow us to analyze the dynamics of physiology and behavior with unsurpassed resolution. The resulting flood of data coincides with the emergence of novel analytical tools for estimating resilience from the pattern of microrecoveries observed in natural time series. Such dynamic indicators of resilience may be used to monitor the risk of systemic failure across systems ranging from organs to entire organisms. These tools invite a fundamental rethinking of our approach to the adaptive management of health and resilience.
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Jayanama K, Theou O, Blodgett JM, Cahill L, Rockwood K. Frailty, nutrition-related parameters, and mortality across the adult age spectrum. BMC Med 2018; 16:188. [PMID: 30360759 PMCID: PMC6202862 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status and individual nutrients have been associated with frailty in older adults. The extent to which these associations hold in younger people, by type of malnutrition or grades of frailty, is unclear. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the relationship between individual nutrition-related parameters and frailty, (2) investigate the association between individual nutrition-related parameters and mortality across frailty levels, and (3) examine whether combining nutrition-related parameters in an index predicts mortality risk across frailty levels. METHODS This observational study assembled 9030 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the 2003-2006 cohorts of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had complete frailty data. A 36-item frailty index (FI) was constructed excluding items related to nutritional status. We examined 62 nutrition-related parameters with established cut points: 34 nutrient intake items, 5 anthropometric measurements, and 23 relevant blood tests. The 41 nutrition-related parameters which were associated with frailty were combined into a nutrition index (NI). All-cause mortality data until 2011 were identified from death certificates. RESULTS All 5 anthropometric measurements, 21/23 blood tests, and 19/34 nutrient intake items were significantly related to frailty. Although most nutrition-related parameters were directly related to frailty, high alcohol consumption and high levels of serum alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, total cholesterol, and LDL-c were associated with lower frailty scores. Only low vitamin D was associated with increased mortality risk across all frailty levels. Seventeen nutrition-related parameters were associated with mortality in the 0.1-0.2 FI group, 11 in the 0.2-0.3 group, and 16 in the > 0.3 group. Overall, 393 (5.8%) of the participants had an NI score less than 0.1 (abnormality in ≤ 4 of the 41 parameters examined). Higher levels of NI were associated with higher mortality risk after adjusting for frailty and other covariates (HR per 0.1: 1.19 [95%CI 1.133-1.257]). CONCLUSIONS Most nutrition-related parameters were correlated to frailty, but only low vitamin D was associated with higher risk for mortality across levels of frailty. As has been observed with other age-related phenomena, even though many nutrition-related parameters were not significantly associated with mortality individually, when combined in an index, they strongly predicted mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulapong Jayanama
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olga Theou
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Centre for Health Care of the Elderly, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Leah Cahill
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Centre for Health Care of the Elderly, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. .,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Camp Hill Veterans' Memorial Bldg., 5955 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada.
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Bäckman K, Joas E, Falk H, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K, Skoog I. Changes in the Lethality of Frailty Over 30 Years: Evidence From Two Cohorts of 70-Year-Olds in Gothenburg Sweden. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:945-950. [PMID: 27522060 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With aging, health deficits accumulate: people with few deficits for their age are fit, and those with more are frail. Despite recent reports of improved health in old age, how deficit accumulation is changing is not clear. Our objectives were to evaluate changes over 30 years in the degree of deficit accumulation and in the relationship between frailty and mortality in older adults. Methods We analyzed data from two population based, prospective longitudinal cohorts, assembled in 1971-1972 and 2000-2001, respectively. Residents of Gothenburg Sweden, systematically drawn from the Swedish population registry. The 1901-1902 cohort (N = 973) had a response rate of 84.8%; the 1930 cohort (N = 500) had a response rate of 65.1%. A frailty index using 36 deficits was calculated using data from physical examinations, assessments of physical activity, daily, sensory and social function, and laboratory tests. We evaluated mortality over 12.5 years in relation to the frailty index. Results Mean frailty levels were the same (x¯ = 0.20, p = .37) in the 1901-1902 cohort as in the 1930 cohort. Although the frailty index was linked to the risk of death in both cohorts, the hazards ratio decreased from 1.67 per 0.1 increment in the frailty index for the first cohort to 1.32 for the second cohort (interaction term p = .005). Discussion Although frailty was as common at age 70 as before, its lethality appears to be less. Just why this is so should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Joas
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Arnold Mitnitski
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Novo Scotia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Novo Scotia, Canada
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
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Theou O, Rockwood K. China's oldest-old-prospects for good health in late life. Lancet 2017; 389:1584-1586. [PMID: 28285815 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Theou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H2E1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H2E1, Canada.
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Lysenkov SN, Ashapkin VV, Luchkina OS, Markov AV, Skulachev VP. Is It Possible to Prove the Existence of an Aging Program by Quantitative Analysis of Mortality Dynamics? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1461-1476. [PMID: 28259123 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916120075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of various types of lesions in the course of aging increases an organism's vulnerability and results in a monotonous elevation of mortality rate, irrespective of the position of a species on the evolutionary tree. Stroustrup et al. (Nature, 530, 103-107) [1] showed in 2016 that in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, longevity-altering factors (e.g. oxidative stress, temperature, or diet) do not change the shape of the survival curve, but either stretch or shrink it along the time axis, which the authors attributed to the existence of an "aging program". Modification of the accelerated failure time model by Stroustrup et al. uses temporal scaling as a basic approach for distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative changes in aging dynamics. Thus we analyzed data on the effects of various longevity-increasing genetic manipulations in flies, worms, and mice and used several models to choose a theory that would best fit the experimental results. The possibility to identify the moment of switch from a mortality-governing pathway to some other pathways might be useful for testing geroprotective drugs. In this work, we discuss this and other aspects of temporal scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Rockwood K, Blodgett JM, Theou O, Sun MH, Feridooni HA, Mitnitski A, Rose RA, Godin J, Gregson E, Howlett SE. A Frailty Index Based On Deficit Accumulation Quantifies Mortality Risk in Humans and in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43068. [PMID: 28220898 PMCID: PMC5318852 DOI: 10.1038/srep43068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many common diseases occur mostly in old age, the impact of ageing itself on disease risk and expression often goes unevaluated. To consider the impact of ageing requires some useful means of measuring variability in health in animals of the same age. In humans, this variability has been quantified by counting age-related health deficits in a frailty index. Here we show the results of extending that approach to mice. Across the life course, many important features of deficit accumulation are present in both species. These include gradual rates of deficit accumulation (slope = 0.029 in humans; 0.036 in mice), a submaximal limit (0.54 in humans; 0.44 in mice), and a strong relationship to mortality (1.05 [1.04–1.05] in humans; 1.15 [1.12–1.18] in mice). Quantifying deficit accumulation in individual mice provides a powerful new tool that can facilitate translation of research on ageing, including in relation to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - J M Blodgett
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - O Theou
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - M H Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - H A Feridooni
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - A Mitnitski
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - R A Rose
- Department of Physiology &Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - J Godin
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - E Gregson
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
| | - S E Howlett
- Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S., Canada
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Rockwood K. Screening for grades of frailty using electronic health records: where do we go from here? Age Ageing 2016; 45:328-9. [PMID: 27121682 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Rockwood
- Centre for the Health Care of Elderly People, Geriatric Medicine Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2E1 Geriatric Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Rockwood K. Conceptual Models of Frailty: Accumulation of Deficits. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:1046-50. [PMID: 27402367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty was introduced to explain why people of the same age have varying degrees of risk. The deficit accumulation approach shows that as people age, they accumulate health deficits, and that more deficits confer greater risk. Frailty results because not everyone of the same age has the same number of deficits. This is readily quantified using a frailty index, which has been translated to preclinical models. The frailty index grades risk without requiring special instrumentation. It allows a central clinical challenge to be addressed, which is that with age, diseases rarely travel alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Rockwood
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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