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Blázquez Martínez L, Wiedemann P, Zhu C, Geilen A, Stiller B. Optoacoustic Cooling of Traveling Hypersound Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:023603. [PMID: 38277609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate optoacoustic cooling via stimulated Brillouin-Mandelstam scattering in a 50 cm long tapered photonic crystal fiber. For a 7.38 GHz acoustic mode, a cooling rate of 219 K from room temperature has been achieved. As anti-Stokes and Stokes Brillouin processes naturally break the symmetry of phonon cooling and heating, resolved sideband schemes are not necessary. The experiments pave the way to explore the classical to quantum transition for macroscopic objects and could enable new quantum technologies in terms of storage and repeater schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blázquez Martínez
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wiedemann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Changlong Zhu
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Geilen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgit Stiller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Guo J, Chang J, Yao X, Gröblacher S. Active-feedback quantum control of an integrated low-frequency mechanical resonator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4721. [PMID: 37543684 PMCID: PMC10404274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparing a massive mechanical resonator in a state with quantum limited motional energy provides a promising platform for studying fundamental physics with macroscopic systems and allows to realize a variety of applications, including precise sensing. While several demonstrations of such ground-state cooled systems have been achieved, in particular in sideband-resolved cavity optomechanics, for many systems overcoming the heating from the thermal bath remains a major challenge. In contrast, optomechanical systems in the sideband-unresolved limit are much easier to realize due to the relaxed requirements on their optical properties, and the possibility to use a feedback control schemes to reduce the motional energy. The achievable thermal occupation is ultimately limited by the correlation between the measurement precision and the back-action from the measurement. Here, we demonstrate measurement-based feedback cooling on a fully integrated optomechanical device fabricated using a pick-and-place method, operating in the deep sideband-unresolved limit. With the large optomechanical interaction and a low thermal decoherence rate, we achieve a minimal average phonon occupation of 0.76 when pre-cooled with liquid helium and 3.5 with liquid nitrogen. Significant sideband asymmetry for both bath temperatures verifies the quantum character of the mechanical motion. Our method and device are ideally suited for sensing applications directly operating at the quantum limit, greatly simplifying the operation of an optomechanical system in this regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Guo
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Chang
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xiong Yao
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Simon Gröblacher
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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3
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Yan ZF, He B, Lin Q. Optomechanical force sensor operating over wide detection range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16535-16548. [PMID: 37157730 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A detector with both broad operation range and high sensitivity is desirable in the measurement of weak periodic forces. Based on a nonlinear dynamical mechanism of locking the mechanical oscillation amplitude in optomechanical systems, we propose a force sensor that realizes the detection through the cavity field sidebands modified by an unknown external periodic force. Under the mechanical amplitude locking condition, the unknown external force happens to modify the locked oscillation amplitude linearly to its magnitude, thus achieving a linear scaling between the sideband changes read by the sensor and the magnitude of the force to be measured. This linear scaling range is found to be comparable to the applied pump drive amplitude, so the sensor can measure a wide range of force magnitude. Because the locked mechanical oscillation is rather robust against thermal perturbation, the sensor works well at room temperature. In addition to weak periodic forces, the same setup can as well detect static forces, though the detection ranges are much narrower.
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Wang CW, Niu W, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Zhang WZ. Optomechanical noise suppression with the optimal squeezing process. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11561-11577. [PMID: 37155789 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum squeezing-assisted noise suppression is a promising field with wide applications. However, the limit of noise suppression induced by squeezing is still unknown. This paper discusses this issue by studying weak signal detection in an optomechanical system. By solving the system dynamics in the frequency domain, we analyze the output spectrum of the optical signal. The results show that the intensity of the noise depends on many factors, including the degree or direction of squeezing and the choice of the detection scheme. To measure the effectiveness of squeezing and to obtain the optimal squeezing value for a given set of parameters, we define an optimization factor. With the help of this definition, we find the optimal noise suppression scheme, which can only be achieved when the detection direction exactly matches the squeezing direction. The latter is not easy to adjust as it is susceptible to changes in dynamic evolution and sensitive to parameters. In addition, we find that the additional noise reaches a minimum when the cavity (mechanical) dissipation κ(γ) satisfies the relation κ = Nγ, which can be understood as the restrictive relationship between the two dissipation channels induced by the uncertainty relation. Furthermore, by taking into account the noise source of our system, we can realize high-level noise suppression without reducing the input signal, which means that the signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved.
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5
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Enhancement of magnon-photon-phonon entanglement in a cavity magnomechanics with coherent feedback loop. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3833. [PMID: 36882480 PMCID: PMC9992364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a coherent feedback loop scheme to enhance the magnon-photon-phonon entanglement in cavity magnomechanics. We provide a proof that the steady state and dynamical state of the system form a genuine tripartite entanglement state. To quantify the entanglement in the bipartite subsystem and the genuine tripartite entanglement, we use the logarithmic negativity and the minimum residual contangle, respectively, in both the steady and dynamical regimes. We demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal by implementing it with experimentally realizable parameters to achieve the tripartite entanglement. We also show that the entanglement can be significantly improved with coherent feedback by appropriately tuning the reflective parameter of the beam splitter and that it is resistant to environmental thermalization. Our findings pave the way for enhancing entanglement in magnon-photon-phonon systems and may have potential applications in quantum information.
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Zoepfl D, Juan ML, Diaz-Naufal N, Schneider CMF, Deeg LF, Sharafiev A, Metelmann A, Kirchmair G. Kerr Enhanced Backaction Cooling in Magnetomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:033601. [PMID: 36763378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanics is a prime example of light matter interaction, where photons directly couple to phonons, allowing the precise control and measurement of the state of a mechanical object. This makes it a very appealing platform for testing fundamental physics or for sensing applications. Usually, such mechanical oscillators are in highly excited thermal states and require cooling to the mechanical ground state for quantum applications, which is often accomplished by using optomechanical backaction. However, while massive mechanical oscillators are desirable for many tasks, their frequency usually decreases below the cavity linewidth, significantly limiting the methods that can be used to efficiently cool. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach relying on an intrinsically nonlinear cavity to backaction-cool a low frequency mechanical oscillator. We experimentally demonstrate outperforming an identical, but linear, system by more than 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, our theory predicts that with this approach we can also surpass the standard cooling limit of a linear system. By exploiting a nonlinear cavity, our approach enables efficient cooling of a wider range of optomechanical systems, opening new opportunities for fundamental tests and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zoepfl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M L Juan
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - N Diaz-Naufal
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C M F Schneider
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L F Deeg
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Sharafiev
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Metelmann
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theory of Condensed Matter, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - G Kirchmair
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Zou CJ, Li Y, Xu JK, You JB, Png CE, Yang WL. Geometrical Bounds on Irreversibility in Squeezed Thermal Bath. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:128. [PMID: 36673269 PMCID: PMC9858152 DOI: 10.3390/e25010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible entropy production (IEP) plays an important role in quantum thermodynamic processes. Here, we investigate the geometrical bounds of IEP in nonequilibrium thermodynamics by exemplifying a system coupled to a squeezed thermal bath subject to dissipation and dephasing, respectively. We find that the geometrical bounds of the IEP always shift in a contrary way under dissipation and dephasing, where the lower and upper bounds turning to be tighter occur in the situation of dephasing and dissipation, respectively. However, either under dissipation or under dephasing, we may reduce both the critical time of the IEP itself and the critical time of the bounds for reaching an equilibrium by harvesting the benefits of squeezing effects in which the values of the IEP, quantifying the degree of thermodynamic irreversibility, also become smaller. Therefore, due to the nonequilibrium nature of the squeezed thermal bath, the system-bath interaction energy has a prominent impact on the IEP, leading to tightness of its bounds. Our results are not contradictory with the second law of thermodynamics by involving squeezing of the bath as an available resource, which can improve the performance of quantum thermodynamic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Juan Zou
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Research Center of Nonlinear Science, School of Mathematical and Physical Science, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Ching Eng Png
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Subhash S, Das S, Dey TN, Li Y, Davuluri S. Enhancing the force sensitivity of a squeezed light optomechanical interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:177-191. [PMID: 36606959 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Application of frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum improves the force sensitivity of an optomechanical interferometer beyond the standard quantum limit by a factor of e-r, where r is the squeezing parameter. In this work, we show that the application of squeezed light along with quantum back-action nullifying meter in an optomechanical cavity with mechanical mirror in middle configuration can enhance the sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit by a factor of e-reff, where reff = r + ln(4Δ/ζ)/2, for 0 < ζ/Δ < 1, with ζ as the optomechanical cavity decay rate and Δ as the detuning between cavity eigenfrequency and driving field. The technique described in this work is restricted to frequencies much smaller than the resonance frequency of the mechanical mirror. We further studied the sensitivity as a function of temperature, mechanical mirror reflectivity, and input laser power.
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9
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Liao Q, Zhou L, Wang X, Liu Y. Cooling of mechanical resonator in a hybrid intracavity squeezing optomechanical system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:38776-38788. [PMID: 36258435 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid intracavity squeezing optomechanical cooling system, in which an auxiliary cavity couples to an optomechanical cavity with a nonlinear medium inside it, is proposed to realize the ground state cooling of the mechanical resonator in the highly unresolved sideband regime. We demonstrate that the quantum backaction heating can be suppressed perfectly by the intracavity squeezing, and the cooling process can be further promoted by adjusting the tunnel coupling between the coupled cavities. The scheme has good performance in resisting the environmental thermal noise and better tolerance for the auxiliary cavity quality factor and provides the possibility for the quantum manipulation of the mechanical resonator with large mass and low frequency.
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10
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Qin W, Miranowicz A, Nori F. Beating the 3 dB Limit for Intracavity Squeezing and Its Application to Nondemolition Qubit Readout. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123602. [PMID: 36179165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While the squeezing of a propagating field can, in principle, be made arbitrarily strong, the cavity-field squeezing is subject to the well-known 3 dB limit, and thus has limited applications. Here, we propose the use of a fully quantum degenerate parametric amplifier (DPA) to beat this squeezing limit. Specifically, we show that by simply applying a two-tone driving to the signal mode, the pump mode can, counterintuitively, be driven by the photon loss of the signal mode into a squeezed steady state with, in principle, an arbitrarily high degree of squeezing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this intracavity squeezing can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of longitudinal qubit readout exponentially with the degree of squeezing. Correspondingly, an improvement of the measurement error by many orders of magnitude can be achieved even for modest parameters. In stark contrast, using intracavity squeezing of the semiclassical DPA cannot practically increase the signal-to-noise ratio and thus improve the measurement error. Our results extend the range of applications of DPAs and open up new opportunities for modern quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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11
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Carlon Zambon N, Denis Z, De Oliveira R, Ravets S, Ciuti C, Favero I, Bloch J. Enhanced Cavity Optomechanics with Quantum-Well Exciton Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:093603. [PMID: 36083685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor microresonators embedding quantum wells can host tightly confined and mutually interacting excitonic, optical, and mechanical modes at once. We theoretically investigate the case where the system operates in the strong exciton-photon coupling regime, while the optical and excitonic resonances are parametrically modulated by the interaction with a mechanical mode. Owing to the large exciton-phonon coupling at play in semiconductors, we predict an enhancement of polariton-phonon interactions by 2 orders of magnitude with respect to mere optomechanical coupling: a near-unity single-polariton quantum cooperativity is within reach for current semiconductor resonator platforms. We further analyze how polariton nonlinearities affect dynamical backaction, modifying the capability to cool or amplify the mechanical motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Carlon Zambon
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Z Denis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - R De Oliveira
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Ravets
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Ciuti
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - I Favero
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - J Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Asjad M, Li J, Zhu SY, You J. Magnon squeezing enhanced ground-state cooling in cavity magnomechanics. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
Optomechanical systems are suitable for realizing the ground-state cooling of macroscopic objects. Based on a dynamical approach that goes beyond the validity of the standard linearization approach, we simulate the detailed cooling processes for a membrane-in-middle optomechanical system. In addition to the cooling results, we especially study the cooling speed, which is indicated by how soon the first minimum thermal phonon number is reached. Their relevance to the system parameters provides essential knowledge about how to achieve the best and/or fastest cooling under various combinations of different driving fields.
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14
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Improving the Stochastic Feedback Cooling of a Mechanical Oscillator Using a Degenerate Parametric Amplifier. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cooling of a macroscopic mechanical resonator to extremely low temperatures is a necessary condition to observe a variety of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Here, we study the stochastic feedback cooling of a mechanical resonator in an optomechanical system with a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA). In the bad-cavity limit, we find that the OPA can enhance the cooling of the movable mirror in the stochastic feedback cooling scheme. The movable mirror can be cooled from 132 mK to 0.033 mK, which is lower than that without the OPA by a factor of about 5.
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Yin TS, Jin GR, Chen A. Enhanced Phonon Antibunching in a Circuit Quantum Acoustodynamical System Containing Two Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040591. [PMID: 35457897 PMCID: PMC9027357 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to implement the phonon antibunching and phonon blockade in a circuit quantum acoustodynamical system containing two surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators coupled to a superconducting qubit. In the cases of driving only one SAW resonator and two SAW resonators, we investigate the phonon statistics by numerically calculating the second-order correlation function. It is found that, when only one SAW cavity is resonantly driven, the phonon antibunching effect can be achieved even when the qubit–phonon coupling strength is smaller than the decay rates of acoustic cavities. This result physically originates from the quantum interference between super-Poissonian statistics and Poissonian statistics of phonons. In particular, when the two SAW resonators are simultaneously driven under the mechanical resonant condition, the phonon antibunching effect can be significantly enhanced, which ultimately allows for the generation of a phonon blockade. Moreover, the obtained phonon blockade can be optimized by regulating the intensity ratio of the two SAW driving fields. In addition, we also discuss in detail the effect of system parameters on the phonon statistics. Our work provides an alternative way for manipulating and controlling the nonclassical effects of SAW phonons. It may inspire the engineering of new SAW-based phonon devices and extend their applications in quantum information processing.
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Wei T, Wu D, Miao Q, Yang C, Luo J. Tunable microwave-optical entanglement and conversion in multimode electro-opto-mechanics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10135-10151. [PMID: 35299424 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study tunable double-channel microwave-optical (M-O) entanglement and coherent conversion by controlling the quantum interference effect. This is realized in a two-mechanical-mode electro-opto-mechanical (EOM) system, in which two mechanical resonators (MRs) are coupled with each other by phase-dependent phonon-phonon interaction, and link the interaction between the microwave and optical cavity. It's demonstrated that the mechanical coupling between two MRs leads to the interference of two pathways of electro-opto-mechanical interaction, which can generate the tunable double-channel phenomena in comparison with a typical three-mode EOM system. In particular, by tuning of phonon-phonon interaction and couplings between cavities with MRs, we can not only steer the switch from the M-O interaction with a single channel to that of the double-channel, but also modulate the entanglement and conversion characteristics in each channel. Moreover, our scheme can be extended to an N-mechanical-mode EOM system, in which N discrete channels will be observed and controlled. This study opens up prospects for quantum information transduction and storage with a wide bandwidth and multichannel quantum interface.
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Squeezing Light via Levitated Cavity Optomechanics. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Squeezing light is a critical resource in both fundamental physics and precision measurement. Squeezing light has been generated through optical-parametric amplification inside an optical resonator. However, preparing the squeezing light in an optomechanical system is still a challenge for the thermal noise inevitably coupled to the system. We consider an optically levitated nano-particle in a bichromatic cavity, in which two cavity modes could be excited by the scattering photons of the dual tweezers, respectively. Based on the coherent scattering mechanism, the ultra-strong coupling between the cavity field and the torsional motion of nano-particle could be achieved for the current experimental conditions. With the back-action of the optically levitated nano-particle, the broad single-mode squeezing light can be realized in the bad cavity regime. Even at room temperature, the single-mode light can be squeezed for more than 17 dB, which is far beyond the 3 dB limit. The two-mode squeezing light can also be generated, if the optical tweezers contain two frequencies, one is on the red sideband of the cavity mode, the other is on the blue sideband. The two-mode squeezing can be maximized near the boundary of the system stable regime and is sensitive to both the cavity decay rate and the power of the optical tweezers.
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18
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Whittle C, Hall ED, Dwyer S, Mavalvala N, Sudhir V, Abbott R, Ananyeva A, Austin C, Barsotti L, Betzwieser J, Blair CD, Brooks AF, Brown DD, Buikema A, Cahillane C, Driggers JC, Effler A, Fernandez-Galiana A, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Hardwick T, Kasprzack M, Kawabe K, Kijbunchoo N, Kissel JS, Mansell GL, Matichard F, McCuller L, McRae T, Mullavey A, Pele A, Schofield RMS, Sigg D, Tse M, Vajente G, Vander-Hyde DC, Yu H, Yu H, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Appert S, Arai K, Areeda JS, Asali Y, Aston SM, Baer AM, Ball M, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barker D, Bartlett J, Berger BK, Bhattacharjee D, Billingsley G, Biscans S, Blair RM, Bode N, Booker P, Bork R, Bramley A, Cannon KC, Chen X, Ciobanu AA, Clara F, Compton CM, Cooper SJ, Corley KR, Countryman ST, Covas PB, Coyne DC, Datrier LEH, Davis D, Di Fronzo C, Dooley KL, Dupej P, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Feicht J, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Godwin P, Goetz E, Gras S, Gray C, Gray R, Green AC, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hanks J, Hanson J, Hasskew RK, Heintze MC, Helmling-Cornell AF, Holland NA, Jones JD, Kandhasamy S, Karki S, King PJ, Kumar R, Landry M, Lane BB, Lantz B, Laxen M, Lecoeuche YK, Leviton J, Liu J, Lormand M, Lundgren AP, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Márka S, Márka Z, Martynov DV, Mason K, Massinger TJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McIver J, Mendell G, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Meylahn F, Mistry T, Mittleman R, Moreno G, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Nelson TJN, Nguyen P, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Oram RJ, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Palamos JR, Parker W, Payne E, Penhorwood R, Perez CJ, Pirello M, Radkins H, Ramirez KE, Richardson JW, Riles K, Robertson NA, Rollins JG, Romel CL, Romie JH, Ross MP, Ryan K, Sadecki T, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez LE, Saravanan TR, Savage RL, Schaetz D, Schnabel R, Schwartz E, Sellers D, Shaffer T, Slagmolen BJJ, Smith JR, Soni S, Sorazu B, Spencer AP, Strain KA, Sun L, Szczepańczyk MJ, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Toland K, Torrie CI, Traylor G, Urban AL, Valdes G, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Viets AD, Vo T, Vorvick C, Wade M, Ward RL, Warner J, Weaver B, Weiss R, Willke B, Wipf CC, Xiao L, Yamamoto H, Zhang L, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object. Science 2021; 372:1333-1336. [PMID: 34140386 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Whittle
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan D Hall
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sheila Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Nergis Mavalvala
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vivishek Sudhir
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Abbott
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A Ananyeva
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - C Austin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - L Barsotti
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - C D Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA.,OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D D Brown
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - A Buikema
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Cahillane
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - A Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Galiana
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Fritschel
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - T Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - N Kijbunchoo
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - G L Mansell
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - F Matichard
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - L McCuller
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T McRae
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | | | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - M Tse
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G Vajente
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Hang Yu
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Haocun Yu
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S Appert
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K Arai
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Y Asali
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - A M Baer
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - M Ball
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - S Banagiri
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - J Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - B K Berger
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D Bhattacharjee
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S Biscans
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - R M Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - N Bode
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Booker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Bork
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A Bramley
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - K C Cannon
- RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - X Chen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - A A Ciobanu
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - C M Compton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - S J Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K R Corley
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - P B Covas
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - D Davis
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - C Di Fronzo
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K L Dooley
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.,The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - P Dupej
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T M Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - J Feicht
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.,LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - P Godwin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Goetz
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.,Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S Gras
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - R Gray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - A C Green
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - R K Hasskew
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - M C Heintze
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | | | - N A Holland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J D Jones
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - S Kandhasamy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Karki
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - P J King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - B B Lane
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Laxen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - Y K Lecoeuche
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - J Leviton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - A P Lundgren
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
| | - R Macas
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - M MacInnis
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D V Martynov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Mason
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T J Massinger
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - J McIver
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - K Merfeld
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - E L Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - F Meylahn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Mistry
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - R Mittleman
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - S Mozzon
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
| | - T J N Nelson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - P Nguyen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
| | - J Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | | | - C Osthelder
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D J Ottaway
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | | | - W Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA.,Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - E Payne
- OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Penhorwood
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - C J Perez
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - M Pirello
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - K E Ramirez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - J W Richardson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - C L Romel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - M P Ross
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - T Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - E J Sanchez
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - L E Sanchez
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - T R Saravanan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - R L Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - D Schaetz
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - R Schnabel
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Schwartz
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - T Shaffer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - S Soni
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - A P Spencer
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - L Sun
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - K Toland
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
| | - A L Urban
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - G Valdes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - P J Veitch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - G Venugopalan
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A D Viets
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
| | - T Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - M Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
| | - R L Ward
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - R Weiss
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - B Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - L Xiao
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M E Zucker
- Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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19
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Spiechowicz J, Łuczka J. Energy of a free Brownian particle coupled to thermal vacuum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4088. [PMID: 33603073 PMCID: PMC7893074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimentalists have come to temperatures very close to absolute zero at which physics that was once ordinary becomes extraordinary. In such a regime quantum effects and fluctuations start to play a dominant role. In this context we study the simplest open quantum system, namely, a free quantum Brownian particle coupled to thermal vacuum, i.e. thermostat in the limiting case of absolute zero temperature. We analyze the average energy \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$E=E(c)$$\end{document}E=E(c) of the particle from a weak to strong interaction strength c between the particle and thermal vacuum. The impact of various dissipation mechanisms is considered. In the weak coupling regime the energy tends to zero as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$E(c) \sim c\, \ln {(1/c)}$$\end{document}E(c)∼cln(1/c) while in the strong coupling regime it diverges to infinity as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$E(c) \sim \sqrt{c}$$\end{document}E(c)∼c. We demonstrate it for selected examples of the dissipation mechanisms defined by the memory kernel \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\gamma (t)$$\end{document}γ(t) of the Generalized Langevin Equation. We reveal how at a fixed value of c the energy E(c) depends on the dissipation model: one has to compare values of the derivative \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\gamma '(t)$$\end{document}γ′(t) of the dissipation function \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\gamma (t)$$\end{document}γ(t) at time \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$t=0$$\end{document}t=0 or at the memory time \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$t=\tau _c$$\end{document}t=τc which characterizes the degree of non-Markovianity of the Brownian particle dynamics. The impact of low temperature is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Spiechowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - J Łuczka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
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20
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Dong Y, Zheng X, Wang D, Ding J. Fluctuation-enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in an atom-assisted optomechanical system with atom-cavity interactions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5367-5383. [PMID: 33726074 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of cavity field fluctuations on Kerr nonlinearity in an atom-assisted optomechanical system. It is found that a new self-Kerr (SK) nonlinearity term, which can greatly surpass that of a classical Λ type atomic system when the hybrid system has numerous atoms, is generated based on cavity field fluctuations by atom-cavity interactions. A strong photon-phonon cross-Kerr (CK) nonlinearity is also produced based on cavity field fluctuations. These nonlinearity features can be modified by atom-cavity and optomechanical interactions. This work may provide a new method to enhance the SK nonlinearity and generate the photon-phonon CK nonlinearity.
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21
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Chen YH, Qin W, Wang X, Miranowicz A, Nori F. Shortcuts to Adiabaticity for the Quantum Rabi Model: Efficient Generation of Giant Entangled Cat States via Parametric Amplification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023602. [PMID: 33512204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for the fast generation of nonclassical ground states of the Rabi model in the ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling regimes via the shortcuts-to-adiabatic (STA) dynamics. The time-dependent quantum Rabi model is simulated by applying parametric amplification to the Jaynes-Cummings model. Using experimentally feasible parametric drive, this STA protocol can generate large-size Schrödinger cat states, through a process that is ∼10 times faster compared to adiabatic protocols. Such fast evolution increases the robustness of our protocol against dissipation. Our method enables one to freely design the parametric drive, so that the target state can be generated in the lab frame. A largely detuned light-matter coupling makes the protocol robust against imperfections of the operation times in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Hong Chen
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wei Qin
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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22
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Zhang ZZ, Hu Q, Song XX, Ying Y, Li HO, Zhang Z, Guo GP. A Suspended Silicon Single-Hole Transistor as an Extremely Scaled Gigahertz Nanoelectromechanical Beam Resonator. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005625. [PMID: 33191506 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Suspended single-hole transistors (SHTs) can also serve as nanoelectromechanical resonators, providing an ideal platform for investigating interactions between mechanical vibrations and charge carriers. Demonstrating such a device in silicon (Si) is of particular interest, due to the strong piezoresistive effect of Si and potential applications in Si-based quantum computation. Here, a suspended Si SHT also acting as a nanoelectromechanical beam resonator is demonstrated. The resonant frequency and zero-point motion of the device are ≈3 GHz and 0.2 pm, respectively, reaching the best level among similar devices demonstrated with Si-containing materials. The mechanical vibration is transduced to electrical readout by the SHT. The signal transduction mechanism is dominated by the piezoresistive effect. A giant apparent effective piezoresistive gauge factor with strong correlation to single-hole tunneling is extracted in this device. The results show the great potential of the device in interfacing charge carriers with mechanical vibrations, as well as investigating potential quantum behavior of the vibration phonon mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zhi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Qitao Hu
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Xiang-Xiang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yue Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Ou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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23
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Zhang JS, Chen AX. Large and robust mechanical squeezing of optomechanical systems in a highly unresolved sideband regime via Duffing nonlinearity and intracavity squeezed light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36620-36631. [PMID: 33379752 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to generate strong and robust mechanical squeezing in an optomechanical system in the highly unresolved sideband (HURSB) regime with the help of the Duffing nonlinearity and intracavity squeezed light. The system is formed by a standard optomechanical system with the Duffing nonlinearity (mechanical nonlinearity) and a second-order nonlinear medium (optical nonlinearity). In the resolved sideband regime, the second-order nonlinear medium may play a destructive role in the generation of mechanical squeezing. However, it can significantly increase the mechanical squeezing (larger than 3dB) in the HURSB regime when the parameters are chosen appropriately. Finally, we show the mechanical squeezing is robust against the thermal fluctuations of the mechanical resonator. The generation of large and robust mechanical squeezing in the HURSB regime is a combined effect of the mechanical and optical nonlinearities.
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25
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Qiu L, Shomroni I, Seidler P, Kippenberg TJ. Laser Cooling of a Nanomechanical Oscillator to Its Zero-Point Energy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:173601. [PMID: 32412282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanical systems in the well-resolved-sideband regime are ideal for studying a myriad of quantum phenomena with mechanical systems, including backaction-evading measurements, mechanical squeezing, and nonclassical states generation. For these experiments, the mechanical oscillator should be prepared in its ground state, i.e., exhibit negligible residual excess motion compared to its zero-point motion. This can be achieved using the radiation pressure of laser light in the cavity by selectively driving the lower motional sideband, leading to sideband cooling. To date, the preparation of sideband-resolved optical systems to their zero-point energy has eluded laser cooling because of strong optical absorption heating. The alternative method of passive cooling suffers from the same problem, as the requisite milliKelvin environment is incompatible with the strong optical driving needed by many quantum protocols. Here, we employ a highly sideband-resolved silicon optomechanical crystal in a ^{3}He buffer-gas environment at ∼2 K to demonstrate laser sideband cooling to a mean thermal phonon occupancy of 0.09_{-0.01}^{+0.02} quantum (self-calibrated using motional sideband asymmetry), which is -7.4 dB of the oscillator's zero-point energy and corresponds to 92% ground state probability. Achieving such low occupancy by laser cooling opens the door to a wide range of quantum-optomechanical experiments in the optical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qiu
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Itay Shomroni
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Seidler
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Lau HK, Clerk AA. Ground-State Cooling and High-Fidelity Quantum Transduction via Parametrically Driven Bad-Cavity Optomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103602. [PMID: 32216414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optomechanical couplings involve both beam splitter and two-mode-squeezing types of interactions. While the former underlies the utility of many applications, the latter creates unwanted excitations and is usually detrimental. In this Letter, we propose a simple but powerful method based on cavity parametric driving to suppress the unwanted excitation that does not require working with a deeply sideband-resolved cavity. Our approach is based on a simple observation: as both the optomechanical two-mode-squeezing interaction and the cavity parametric drive induce squeezing transformations of the relevant photonic bath modes, they can be made to cancel one another. We illustrate how our method can cool a mechanical oscillator below the quantum backaction limit, and significantly suppress the output noise of a sideband-unresolved optomechanical transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Aashish A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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27
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Sommer C, Asjad M, Genes C. Prospects of reinforcement learning for the simultaneous damping of many mechanical modes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2623. [PMID: 32060483 PMCID: PMC7021687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply adaptive feedback for the partial refrigeration of a mechanical resonator, i.e. with the aim to simultaneously cool the classical thermal motion of more than one vibrational degree of freedom. The feedback is obtained from a neural network parametrized policy trained via a reinforcement learning strategy to choose the correct sequence of actions from a finite set in order to simultaneously reduce the energy of many modes of vibration. The actions are realized either as optical modulations of the spring constants in the so-called quadratic optomechanical coupling regime or as radiation pressure induced momentum kicks in the linear coupling regime. As a proof of principle we numerically illustrate efficient simultaneous cooling of four independent modes with an overall strong reduction of the total system temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sommer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Asjad
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Sommer C, Genes C. Partial Optomechanical Refrigeration via Multimode Cold-Damping Feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:203605. [PMID: 31809091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.203605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide a fully analytical treatment for the partial refrigeration of the thermal motion of a quantum mechanical resonator under the action of feedback. As opposed to standard cavity optomechanics where the aim is to isolate and cool a single mechanical mode, the aim here is to extract the thermal energy from many vibrational modes within a large frequency bandwidth. We consider a standard cold-damping technique, where homodyne readout of the cavity output field is fed into a feedback loop that provides a cooling action directly applied on the mechanical resonator. Analytical and numerical results predict that low final occupancies are achievable independent of the number of modes addressed by the feedback, as long as the cooling rate is smaller than the intermode frequency separation. For resonators exhibiting a few nearly degenerate pairs of modes, cooling is less efficient and a weak dependence on the number of modes is obtained. These scalings hint toward the design of frequency-resolved mechanical resonators, where efficient refrigeration is possible via simultaneous cold-damping feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sommer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Ornes S. News Feature: Quantum effects enter the macroworld. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22413-22417. [PMID: 31690692 PMCID: PMC6842585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917212116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
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30
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Asjad M, Etehadi Abari N, Zippilli S, Vitali D. Optomechanical cooling with intracavity squeezed light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:32427-32444. [PMID: 31684456 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.032427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the performance of optomechanical cooling of a mechanical resonator in the presence of a degenerate optical parametric amplifier within the optomechanical cavity, which squeezes the cavity light. We demonstrate that this allows to significantly enhance the cooling efficiency via the coherent suppression of Stokes scattering. The enhanced cooling occurs also far from the resolved sideband regime, and we show that this cooling scheme can be more efficient than schemes realized by injecting a squeezed field into the optomechanical cavity.
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31
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Yang JY, Wang DY, Bai CH, Guan SY, Gao XY, Zhu AD, Wang HF. Ground-state cooling of mechanical oscillator via quadratic optomechanical coupling with two coupled optical cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:22855-22867. [PMID: 31510570 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.022855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like nonlinear ground-state cooling in a double-cavity optomechanical system in which an optical cavity mode is coupled parametrically to the square of the position of a mechanical oscillator, an additional auxiliary cavity is coupled to the optomechanical cavity. The optimum cooling conditions is derived, based on which the heating process can be well suppressed and the mechanical resonator can be cooled with an optimal effect to near its ground state through EIT-like cooling mechanism even in unresolved sideband regime. It is demonstrated by numerical simulations that not only the average phonon number of steady state is lower than that of single-cavity optomechanical system, but also the cooling rate is greatly faster than that of the linear optomechanical coupling due to the two-phonon cooling process in the quadratic coupling. Also, the ground-state cooling is achievable even with a relatively weak quadratic coupling strengthby tunning the coupling between two cavities to reach the optimum cooling conditions, thus provides an solution for overcoming the limitations of weak quadratic coupling rate in experiments. The proposed approach provides a platform for quantum manipulation of macroscopic mechanical devices beyond the resolved sideband limit and linear coupling regime.
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32
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Pogorzalek S, Fedorov KG, Xu M, Parra-Rodriguez A, Sanz M, Fischer M, Xie E, Inomata K, Nakamura Y, Solano E, Marx A, Deppe F, Gross R. Secure quantum remote state preparation of squeezed microwave states. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2604. [PMID: 31197157 PMCID: PMC6565634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum communication protocols based on nonclassical correlations can be more efficient than known classical methods and offer intrinsic security over direct state transfer. In particular, remote state preparation aims at the creation of a desired and known quantum state at a remote location using classical communication and quantum entanglement. We present an experimental realization of deterministic continuous-variable remote state preparation in the microwave regime over a distance of 35 cm. By employing propagating two-mode squeezed microwave states and feedforward, we achieve the remote preparation of squeezed states with up to 1.6 dB of squeezing below the vacuum level. Finally, security of remote state preparation is investigated by using the concept of the one-time pad and measuring the von Neumann entropies. We find nearly identical values for the entropy of the remotely prepared state and the respective conditional entropy given the classically communicated information and, thus, demonstrate close-to-perfect security.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pogorzalek
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - K G Fedorov
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - M Xu
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A Parra-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Fischer
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - E Xie
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - K Inomata
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - E Solano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, E-48080, Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - A Marx
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F Deppe
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - R Gross
- Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, 80799, Munich, Germany.
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33
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Lin Q, He B. Highly efficient cooling of mechanical resonator with square pulse drives. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33830-33840. [PMID: 30650815 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ground state cooling of mechanical resonator is a way to generate macroscopic quantum states. Here we present a study of optomechanical cooling under the drive of square pulses without smooth profile. By illustrating the dynamical processes of cooling, we show how to choose the amplitudes and durations of square pulses, as well as the intervals between them, so that a mechanical resonator can be quickly cooled down to its ground state. Compared with the cooling under a continuous-wave drive field, the ground state cooling of a mechanical resonator can be performed more efficiently and flexibly by using square pulse drives. At certain times of such cooling process, the thermal phonon number under square pulse drives can become even lower than the theoretical limit for the cooling with a continuous-wave drive field of the same amplitude.
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34
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Xiong B, Li X, Chao SL, Zhou L. Optomechanical quadrature squeezing in the non-Markovian regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:6053-6056. [PMID: 30548003 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.006053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Squeezing of quantum fluctuation plays an important role in fundamental quantum physics and has marked influence on ultrasensitive detection. We propose a scheme to generate and enhance the squeezing of mechanical mode by exposing the optomechanical system to a non-Markovian environment. It is shown that the effective parametric resonance term of mechanical mode can be induced due to interaction with the cavity and non-Markovian reservoir, thus resulting in quadrature squeezing of the mechanical resonator; jointing the two kinds of interactions can enhance the squeezing effect. Compared with the usual Markovian regime, we can obtain stronger squeezing, and, significantly, the squeezing can approach a low asymptotic stable value.
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35
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Ockeloen-Korppi CF, Damskägg E, Paraoanu GS, Massel F, Sillanpää MA. Revealing Hidden Quantum Correlations in an Electromechanical Measurement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:243601. [PMID: 30608715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under a strong quantum measurement, the motion of an oscillator is disturbed by the measurement backaction, as required by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. When a mechanical oscillator is continuously monitored via an electromagnetic cavity, as in a cavity optomechanical measurement, the backaction is manifest by the shot noise of incoming photons that becomes imprinted onto the motion of the oscillator. Following the photons leaving the cavity, the correlations appear as squeezing of quantum noise in the emitted field. Here we observe such "ponderomotive" squeezing in the microwave domain using an electromechanical device made out of a superconducting resonator and a drumhead mechanical oscillator. Under a strong measurement, the emitted field develops complex-valued quantum correlations, which in general are not completely accessible by standard homodyne measurements. We recover these hidden correlations, using a phase-sensitive measurement scheme employing two local oscillators. The utilization of hidden correlations presents a step forward in the detection of weak forces, as it allows us to fully utilize the quantum noise reduction under the conditions of strong force sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Ockeloen-Korppi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - E Damskägg
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - G S Paraoanu
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - F Massel
- Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M A Sillanpää
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
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36
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Measurement-based quantum control of mechanical motion. Nature 2018; 563:53-58. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Dong X, Dykman MI, Chan HB. Strong negative nonlinear friction from induced two-phonon processes in vibrational systems. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3241. [PMID: 30104694 PMCID: PMC6089905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-sustained vibrations in systems ranging from lasers to clocks to biological systems are often associated with the coefficient of linear friction, which relates the friction force to the velocity, becoming negative. The runaway of the vibration amplitude is prevented by positive nonlinear friction that increases rapidly with the amplitude. Here we use a modulated electromechanical resonator to show that nonlinear friction can be made negative and sufficiently strong to overcome positive linear friction at large vibration amplitudes. The experiment involves applying a drive that simultaneously excites two phonons of the studied mode and a phonon of a faster decaying high-frequency mode. We study generic features of the oscillator dynamics with negative nonlinear friction. Remarkably, self-sustained vibrations of the oscillator require activation in this case. When, in addition, a resonant force is applied, a branch of large-amplitude forced vibrations can emerge, isolated from the branch of the ordinary small-amplitude response. Negative linear friction is known to lead to self-sustained vibrations in many systems. Here, the authors show that when nonlinear negative friction in an electromechanical oscillator becomes larger than its positive linear counterpart such self-sustained vibrations require activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - M I Dykman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - H B Chan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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38
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Hou QZ, You JB, Yang WL, An JH, Chen CY, Feng M. Generation of multiqubit steady-state quantum correlation by squeezed-reservoir engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20459-20470. [PMID: 30119356 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stationary quantum correlation among two-level systems (TLSs) in steady state is one of unique resources for applications in quantum information processing. Here we propose a scheme to generate such quantum correlation among the TLSs inside a lossy cavity. It is found that, by applying a broadband squeezed laser acting as a squeezed-vacuum reservoir to the cavity, a stable quantum correlation of the TLSs can be generated. By adiabatically eliminating the cavity field, we derive a reduced master equation of the TLSs in the bad-cavity limit. We show that the generated quantum correlation is essentially determined by the squeezing features transferred from the squeezed-vacuum reservoir via the cavity field as a quantum bus. We study the effect of the system parameters, such as the squeezing, the detuning, the coupling strength, and the decay rate of the TLSs, on the performance of the scheme. The feasibility of our proposal is supported by the application of currently available experimental techniques.
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39
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Khorasani S. Method of Higher-order Operators for Quantum Optomechanics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11566. [PMID: 30068920 PMCID: PMC6070579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate application of the method of higher-order operators to nonlinear standard optomechanics. It is shown that a symmetry breaking in frequency shifts exists, corresponding to inequivalency of red and blue side-bands. This arises from nonlinear higher-order processes leading to inequal detunings. Similarly, a higher-order resonance shift exists appearing as changes in both of the optical and mechanical resonances. We provide the first known method to explicitly estimate the population of coherent phonons. We also calculate corrections to spring effect due to higher-order interactions and coherent phonons, and show that these corrections can be quite significant in measurement of single-photon optomechanical interaction rate. It is shown that there exists non-unique and various choices for the higher-order operators to solve the optomechanical interaction with different multiplicative noise terms, among which a minimal basis offers exactly linear Langevin equations, while decoupling one Langevin equation and thus leaving the whole standard optomechanical problem exactly solvable by explicit expressions. We finally present a detailed treatment of multiplicative noise as well as nonlinear dynamic stability phases by the method of higher-order operators. Similar approach can be used outside the domain of standard optomechanics to quadratic and all other types of nonlinear interactions in quantum physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Khorasani
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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40
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Sparrow C, Martín-López E, Maraviglia N, Neville A, Harrold C, Carolan J, Joglekar YN, Hashimoto T, Matsuda N, O'Brien JL, Tew DP, Laing A. Simulating the vibrational quantum dynamics of molecules using photonics. Nature 2018; 557:660-667. [PMID: 29849155 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in control techniques for vibrational quantum states in molecules present new challenges for modelling such systems, which could be amenable to quantum simulation methods. Here, by exploiting a natural mapping between vibrations in molecules and photons in waveguides, we demonstrate a reprogrammable photonic chip as a versatile simulation platform for a range of quantum dynamic behaviour in different molecules. We begin by simulating the time evolution of vibrational excitations in the harmonic approximation for several four-atom molecules, including H2CS, SO3, HNCO, HFHF, N4 and P4. We then simulate coherent and dephased energy transport in the simplest model of the peptide bond in proteins-N-methylacetamide-and simulate thermal relaxation and the effect of anharmonicities in H2O. Finally, we use multi-photon statistics with a feedback control algorithm to iteratively identify quantum states that increase a particular dissociation pathway of NH3. These methods point to powerful new simulation tools for molecular quantum dynamics and the field of femtochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sparrow
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nicola Maraviglia
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex Neville
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher Harrold
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jacques Carolan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh N Joglekar
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Jeremy L O'Brien
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David P Tew
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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41
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Qin W, Miranowicz A, Li PB, Lü XY, You JQ, Nori F. Exponentially Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction, Cooperativities, and Steady-State Entanglement Using Parametric Amplification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:093601. [PMID: 29547303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimentally feasible method for enhancing the atom-field coupling as well as the ratio between this coupling and dissipation (i.e., cooperativity) in an optical cavity. It exploits optical parametric amplification to exponentially enhance the atom-cavity interaction and, hence, the cooperativity of the system, with the squeezing-induced noise being completely eliminated. Consequently, the atom-cavity system can be driven from the weak-coupling regime to the strong-coupling regime for modest squeezing parameters, and even can achieve an effective cooperativity much larger than 100. Based on this, we further demonstrate the generation of steady-state nearly maximal quantum entanglement. The resulting entanglement infidelity (which quantifies the deviation of the actual state from a maximally entangled state) is exponentially smaller than the lower bound on the infidelities obtained in other dissipative entanglement preparations without applying squeezing. In principle, we can make an arbitrarily small infidelity. Our generic method for enhancing atom-cavity interaction and cooperativities can be implemented in a wide range of physical systems, and it can provide diverse applications for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-You Lü
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - J Q You
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Franco Nori
- CEMS, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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42
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Eddins A, Schreppler S, Toyli DM, Martin LS, Hacohen-Gourgy S, Govia LCG, Ribeiro H, Clerk AA, Siddiqi I. Stroboscopic Qubit Measurement with Squeezed Illumination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:040505. [PMID: 29437450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microwave squeezing represents the ultimate sensitivity frontier for superconducting qubit measurement. However, measurement enhancement has remained elusive, in part because integration with standard dispersive readout pollutes the signal channel with antisqueezed noise. Here we induce a stroboscopic light-matter coupling with superior squeezing compatibility, and observe an increase in the final signal-to-noise ratio of 24%. Squeezing the orthogonal phase slows measurement-induced dephasing by a factor of 1.8. This scheme provides a means to the practical application of squeezing for qubit measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eddins
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Schreppler
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D M Toyli
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L S Martin
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Hacohen-Gourgy
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L C G Govia
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Ribeiro
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - A A Clerk
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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43
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Hybrid Interference Induced Flat Band Localization in Bipartite Optomechanical Lattices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15188. [PMID: 29123185 PMCID: PMC5680256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The flat band localization, as an important phenomenon in solid state physics, is fundamentally interesting in the exploration of exotic ground property of many-body system. Here we demonstrate the appearance of a flat band in a general bipartite optomechanical lattice, which could have one or two dimensional framework. Physically, it is induced by the hybrid interference between the photon and phonon modes in optomechanical lattice, which is quite different from the destructive interference resulted from the special geometry structure in the normal lattice (e.g., Lieb lattice). Moreover, this novel flat band is controllable and features a special local density of states (LDOS) pattern, which makes it is detectable in experiments. This work offers an alternative approach to control the flat band localization with optomechanical interaction, which may substantially advance the fields of cavity optomechanics and solid state physics.
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44
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Rossi M, Kralj N, Zippilli S, Natali R, Borrielli A, Pandraud G, Serra E, Di Giuseppe G, Vitali D. Enhancing Sideband Cooling by Feedback-Controlled Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:123603. [PMID: 29341637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We realize a phase-sensitive closed-loop control scheme to engineer the fluctuations of the pump field which drives an optomechanical system and show that the corresponding cooling dynamics can be significantly improved. In particular, operating in the counterintuitive "antisquashing" regime of positive feedback and increased field fluctuations, sideband cooling of a nanomechanical membrane within an optical cavity can be improved by 7.5 dB with respect to the case without feedback. Close to the quantum regime of reduced thermal noise, such feedback-controlled light would allow going well below the quantum backaction cooling limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Rossi
- School of Higher Studies "C. Urbani", University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Nenad Kralj
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Stefano Zippilli
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Riccardo Natali
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Antonio Borrielli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Nanoscience-Trento-FBK Division, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Gregory Pandraud
- Delft University of Technology, Else Kooi Laboratory, 2628 Delft, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Serra
- Delft University of Technology, Else Kooi Laboratory, 2628 Delft, Netherlands
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, TIFPA, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Giuseppe
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - David Vitali
- School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
- CNR-INO, L.go Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
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45
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Chu Y, Kharel P, Renninger WH, Burkhart LD, Frunzio L, Rakich PT, Schoelkopf RJ. Quantum acoustics with superconducting qubits. Science 2017; 358:199-202. [PMID: 28935771 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Chu
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Prashanta Kharel
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William H Renninger
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Luke D Burkhart
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Luigi Frunzio
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter T Rakich
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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46
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Steady-state mechanical squeezing in a double-cavity optomechanical system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38559. [PMID: 27917939 PMCID: PMC5137003 DOI: 10.1038/srep38559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the physical properties of double-cavity optomechanical system in which the mechanical resonator interacts with one of the coupled cavities and another cavity is used as an auxiliary cavity. The model can be expected to achieve the strong optomechanical coupling strength and overcome the optomechanical cavity decay, simultaneously. Through the coherent auxiliary cavity interferences, the steady-state squeezing of mechanical resonator can be generated in highly unresolved sideband regime. The validity of the scheme is assessed by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of the steady-state variance of the mechanical displacement quadrature. The scheme provides a platform for the mechanical squeezing beyond the resolved sideband limit and solves the restricted experimental bounds at present.
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