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Ueda MT, Inamo J, Miya F, Shimada M, Yamaguchi K, Kochi Y. Functional and dynamic profiling of transcript isoforms reveals essential roles of alternative splicing in interferon response. CELL GENOMICS 2024:100654. [PMID: 39288763 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays an important role in the innate immune response through inducing IFN-I-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, how alternative splicing (AS) events, especially over time, affect their function remains poorly understood. We generated an annotation (113,843 transcripts) for IFN-I-stimulated human B cells called isoISG using high-accuracy long-read sequencing data from PacBio Sequel II/IIe. Transcript isoform profiling using isoISG revealed that isoform switching occurred in the early response to IFN-I so that ISGs would gain functional domains (e.g., C4B) or higher protein production (e.g., IRF3). Conversely, isoforms lacking functional domains increased during the late phase of IFN-I response, mainly due to intron retention events. This suggests that isoform switching both triggers and terminates IFN-I responses at the translation and protein levels. Furthermore, genetic variants influencing the isoform ratio of ISGs were associated with immunological and infectious diseases. AS has essential roles in regulating innate immune response and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahoko Takahashi Ueda
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Inamo
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mihoko Shimada
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamaguchi
- Biomedical Engineering Research Innovation Center, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Gerard L, Gillet JP. The uniqueness of ABCB5 as a full transporter ABCB5FL and a half-transporter-like ABCB5β. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:29. [PMID: 39267923 PMCID: PMC11391348 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The ABCB5 gene encodes several isoforms, including two transporters (i.e., ABCB5FL, ABCB5β) and several soluble proteins, such as ABCB5α which has been hypothesized to have a regulatory function. ABCB5FL is a full ABC transporter and is expressed in the testis and prostate, whereas ABCB5β is an atypical half-transporter with a ubiquitous expression pattern. ABCB5β has been shown to mark cancer stem cells in several cancer types. In addition, ABCB5β and ABCB5FL have been shown to play a role in tumorigenesis and multidrug resistance. However, ABCB5β shares its entire protein sequence with ABCB5FL, making them difficult to distinguish. It cannot be excluded that some biological effects described for one transporter may be mediated by the other isoform. Therefore, it is difficult to interpret the available data and some controversies remain regarding their function in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the data collected on ABCB5 isoforms over the last 20 years and propose a common ground on which we can build further to unravel the pathophysiological roles of ABCB5 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Gerard
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur 5000, Belgium
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3
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Yokomori R, Kusakabe TG, Nakai K. Characterization of trans-spliced chimeric RNAs: insights into the mechanism of trans-splicing. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae067. [PMID: 38846348 PMCID: PMC11155486 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Trans-splicing is a post-transcriptional processing event that joins exons from separate RNAs to produce a chimeric RNA. However, the detailed mechanism of trans-splicing remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize trans-spliced genes and provide insights into the mechanism of trans-splicing in the tunicate Ciona. Tunicates are the closest invertebrates to humans, and their genes frequently undergo trans-splicing. Our analysis revealed that, in genes that give rise to both trans-spliced and non-trans-spliced messenger RNAs, trans-splice acceptor sites were preferentially located at the first functional acceptor site, and their paired donor sites were weak in both Ciona and humans. Additionally, we found that Ciona trans-spliced genes had GU- and AU-rich 5' transcribed regions. Our data and findings not only are useful for Ciona research community, but may also aid in a better understanding of the trans-splicing mechanism, potentially advancing the development of gene therapy based on trans-splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yokomori
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takehiro G Kusakabe
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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4
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Guérin A, Moncada-Vélez M, Jackson K, Ogishi M, Rosain J, Mancini M, Langlais D, Nunez A, Webster S, Goyette J, Khan T, Marr N, Avery DT, Rao G, Waterboer T, Michels B, Neves E, Iracema Morais C, London J, Mestrallet S, Quartier dit Maire P, Neven B, Rapaport F, Seeleuthner Y, Lev A, Simon AJ, Montoya J, Barel O, Gómez-Rodríguez J, Orrego JC, L’Honneur AS, Soudée C, Rojas J, Velez AC, Sereti I, Terrier B, Marin N, García LF, Abel L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Reis J, Marinho A, Lisco A, Faria E, Goodnow CC, Vasconcelos J, Béziat V, Ma CS, Somech R, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Franco JL, Tangye SG. Helper T cell immunity in humans with inherited CD4 deficiency. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231044. [PMID: 38557723 PMCID: PMC10983808 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are vital for host defense and immune regulation. However, the fundamental role of CD4 itself remains enigmatic. We report seven patients aged 5-61 years from five families of four ancestries with autosomal recessive CD4 deficiency and a range of infections, including recalcitrant warts and Whipple's disease. All patients are homozygous for rare deleterious CD4 variants impacting expression of the canonical CD4 isoform. A shorter expressed isoform that interacts with LCK, but not HLA class II, is affected by only one variant. All patients lack CD4+ T cells and have increased numbers of TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- T cells, which phenotypically and transcriptionally resemble conventional Th cells. Finally, patient CD4-CD8- αβ T cells exhibit intact responses to HLA class II-restricted antigens and promote B cell differentiation in vitro. Thus, compensatory development of Th cells enables patients with inherited CD4 deficiency to acquire effective cellular and humoral immunity against an unexpectedly large range of pathogens. Nevertheless, CD4 is indispensable for protective immunity against at least human papillomaviruses and Trophyrema whipplei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guérin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcela Moncada-Vélez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea Nunez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha Webster
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesse Goyette
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Taushif Khan
- Department of Human Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nico Marr
- Department of Human Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Danielle T. Avery
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Michels
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esmeralda Neves
- Immunology Department—Pathology, University Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Iracema Morais
- Immunology Department—Pathology, University Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jonathan London
- Service of Internal Medicine, Diaconesse-Croix Saint Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Mestrallet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Manchester Hospital, Charleville-Mézières, France
| | - Pierre Quartier dit Maire
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Franck Rapaport
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Atar Lev
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos J. Simon
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jorge Montoya
- San Vicente de Paul University Hospital, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Julio Gómez-Rodríguez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julio C. Orrego
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Anne-Sophie L’Honneur
- Department of Virology, Paris Cité University and Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Soudée
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Rojas
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Alejandra C. Velez
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Nancy Marin
- Cellular Immunology and Immunogenetics Group, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luis F. García
- Cellular Immunology and Immunogenetics Group, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Joel Reis
- Dermatology Service, University Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Marinho
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Lisco
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emilia Faria
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christopher C. Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Vasconcelos
- Immunology Department—Pathology, University Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vivien Béziat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cindy S. Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raz Somech
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jose Luis Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Stewart BJ, Clatworthy MR, Williams JM, Röper K. Identification of a core transcriptional program driving the human renal mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Dev Cell 2024; 59:595-612.e8. [PMID: 38340720 PMCID: PMC7616043 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
During kidney development, nephron epithelia arise de novo from fate-committed mesenchymal progenitors through a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Downstream of fate specification, transcriptional mechanisms that drive establishment of epithelial morphology are poorly understood. We used human iPSC-derived renal organoids, which recapitulate nephrogenesis, to investigate mechanisms controlling renal MET. Multi-ome profiling via snRNA-seq and ATAC-seq of organoids identified dynamic changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility driven by activators and repressors throughout MET. CRISPR interference identified that paired box 8 (PAX8) is essential for initiation of MET in human renal organoids, contrary to in vivo mouse studies, likely by activating a cell-adhesion program. While Wnt/β-catenin signaling specifies nephron fate, we find that it must be attenuated to allow hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1B) and TEA-domain (TEAD) transcription factors to drive completion of MET. These results identify the interplay between fate commitment and morphogenesis in the developing human kidney, with implications for understanding both developmental kidney diseases and aberrant epithelial plasticity following adult renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie M Williams
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katja Röper
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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6
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Stacey VM, Kõks S. Genome-Wide Differential Transcription of Long Noncoding RNAs in Psoriatic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16344. [PMID: 38003532 PMCID: PMC10671291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the formation of psoriatic lesions. The present study's objective was to identify long lncRNA genes that are differentially expressed in patient samples of psoriasis through computational analysis techniques. By using previously published RNA sequencing data from psoriatic and healthy patients (n = 324), we analysed the differential expression of lncRNAs to determine transcripts of heightened expression. We computationally screened lncRNA transcripts as annotated by GENCODE across the human genome and compared transcription in psoriatic and healthy samples from two separate studies. We observed 54 differentially expressed genes as seen in two independent datasets collected from psoriasis and healthy patients. We also identified the differential expression of LINC01215 and LINC1206 associated with the cell cycle pathway and psoriasis pathogenesis. SH3PXD2A-AS1 was identified as a participant in the STAT3/SH3PXD2A-AS1/miR-125b/STAT3 positive feedback loop. Both the SH3PXD2A-AS1 and CERNA2 genes have already been recognised as part of the IFN-γ signalling pathway regulation. Additionally, EPHA1-AS1, CYP4Z2P and SNHG12 gene upregulation have all been previously linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Differential expression of various lncRNAs affects the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further characterisation of lncRNAs and their functions are important for developing our understanding of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M. Stacey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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7
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Severin J, Agrawal S, Ramilowski JA, Deviatiiarov R, Shin J, Carninci P, de Hoon M. ZENBU-Reports: a graphical web-portal builder for interactive visualization and dissemination of genome-scale data. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad075. [PMID: 37608799 PMCID: PMC10440783 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the genomic era, data dissemination and visualization is an integral part of scientific publications and research projects involving international consortia producing massive genome-wide data sets, intra-organizational collaborations, or individual labs. However, creating custom supporting websites is oftentimes impractical due to the required programming effort, web server infrastructure, and data storage facilities, as well as the long-term maintenance burden. ZENBU-Reports (https://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/zenbu/reports) is a web application to create interactive scientific web portals by using graphical interfaces while providing storage and secured collaborative sharing for data uploaded by users. ZENBU-Reports provides the scientific visualization elements commonly used in supplementary websites, publications and presentations, presenting a complete solution for the interactive display and dissemination of data and analysis results during the full lifespan of a scientific project both during the active research phase and after publication of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Severin
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jordan A Ramilowski
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Michiel de Hoon
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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8
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Emon B, Song YJ, Joy MSH, Kovour MV, Prasanth KV, Saif MTA. Mechanosensitive changes in the expression of genes in colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts. Sci Data 2023; 10:350. [PMID: 37268609 PMCID: PMC10238480 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors become stiff with progression of cancer. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), are known to mediate such stiffening. While the biochemical crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells have been widely investigated, it is not clear if and how CAFs in stiffer TME promote metastatic progression. To gather insights into the process, we controlled the mechanical stiffness of the substrates and collected gene expression data with human colorectal CAFs. We cultured human primary CAFs on 2D polyacrylamide hydrogels with increasing elastic modulus (E) of 1, 10 and 40 kPa, and performed genome-wide transcriptome analyses in these cells to identify expression levels of ~16000 genes. The high-quality RNAseq results can be an excellent data-source for bioinformatic analysis for identifying novel pathways and biomarkers in cancer development and metastatic progression. With thorough analysis and accurate interpretation, this data may help researchers understand the role of mechanical stiffness of the TME in CAF-cancer cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Emon
- Dept. of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - You Jin Song
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Saddam H Joy
- Dept. of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mounisha V Kovour
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Taher A Saif
- Dept. of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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9
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Mukherjee A, Islam S, Kieser RE, Kiss DL, Mukherjee C. Long noncoding RNAs are substrates for cytoplasmic capping enzyme. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:947-961. [PMID: 36856012 PMCID: PMC11119571 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic capping returns a cap to specific mRNAs, thus protecting uncapped RNAs from decay. Prior to the identification of cytoplasmic capping, uncapped mRNAs were thought to be degraded. Here, we test whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are substrates of the cytoplasmic capping enzyme (cCE). The subcellular localisation of 14 lncRNAs associated with sarcomas were examined in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. We used 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to assay uncapped forms of these lncRNAs. Inhibiting cytoplasmic capping elevated uncapped forms of selected lncRNAs indicating a plausible role of cCE in targeting them. Analysis of published cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) data shows increased prevalence of certain 5'-RACE cloned sequences, suggesting that these uncapped lncRNAs are targets of cytoplasmic capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Mukherjee
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Safirul Islam
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rachel E Kieser
- Center for RNA Therapeutics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel L Kiss
- Center for RNA Therapeutics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Uthaya Kumar DB, Yurieva M, Grassmann J, Kozhaya L, McBride CD, Unutmaz D, Williams A. A genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies SCREEM a novel SNAI1 super-enhancer demarcated by eRNAs. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1110445. [PMID: 36923642 PMCID: PMC10009272 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome is pervasively transcribed to produce a vast array of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of >200 nucleotides and are best known for their ability to regulate gene expression. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are subclass of lncRNAs that are synthesized from enhancer regions and have also been shown to coordinate gene expression. The biological function and significance of most lncRNAs and eRNAs remain to be determined. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a ubiquitous cellular process that occurs during cellular migration, homeostasis, fibrosis, and cancer-cell metastasis. EMT-transcription factors, such as SNAI1 induce a complex transcriptional program that coordinates the morphological and molecular changes associated with EMT. Such complex transcriptional programs are often subject to coordination by networks of ncRNAs and thus can be leveraged to identify novel functional ncRNA loci. Here, using a genome-wide CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screen targeting ∼10,000 lncRNA loci we identified ncRNA loci that could either promote or attenuate EMT. We discovered a novel locus that we named SCREEM (SNAI1 cis-regulatory eRNAs expressed in monocytes). The SCREEM locus contained a cluster of eRNAs that when activated using CRISPRa induced expression of the neighboring gene SNAI1, driving concomitant EMT. However, the SCREEM eRNA transcripts themselves appeared dispensable for the induction of SNAI1 expression. Interestingly, the SCREEM eRNAs and SNAI1 were co-expressed in activated monocytes, where the SCREEM locus demarcated a monocyte-specific super-enhancer. These findings suggest a potential role for SNAI1 in monocytes. Exploration of the SCREEM-SNAI axis could reveal novel aspects of monocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Babu Uthaya Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Marina Yurieva
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Jessica Grassmann
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lina Kozhaya
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Caleb Dante McBride
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Derya Unutmaz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Deviatiiarov RM, Gams A, Kulakovskiy IV, Buyan A, Meshcheryakov G, Syunyaev R, Singh R, Shah P, Tatarinova TV, Gusev O, Efimov IR. An atlas of transcribed human cardiac promoters and enhancers reveals an important role of regulatory elements in heart failure. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:58-75. [PMID: 39196209 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
A deeper knowledge of the dynamic transcriptional activity of promoters and enhancers is needed to improve mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of heart failure and heart diseases. In this study, we used cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) to identify and quantify the activity of transcribed regulatory elements (TREs) in the four cardiac chambers of 21 healthy and ten failing adult human hearts. We identified 17,668 promoters and 14,920 enhancers associated with the expression of 14,519 genes. We showed how these regulatory elements are alternatively transcribed in different heart regions, in healthy versus failing hearts and in ischemic versus non-ischemic heart failure samples. Cardiac-disease-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) appeared to be enriched in TREs, potentially affecting the allele-specific transcription factor binding. To conclude, our open-source heart CAGE atlas will serve the cardiovascular community in improving the understanding of the role of the cardiac gene regulatory networks in cardiovascular disease and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan M Deviatiiarov
- Laboratory of Regulatory Genomics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ivan V Kulakovskiy
- Laboratory of Regulatory Genomics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Buyan
- Laboratory of Regulatory Genomics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - Roman Syunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Tatiana V Tatarinova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA.
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Laboratory of Regulatory Genomics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Interaction of Bartonella henselae with Fibronectin Represents the Molecular Basis for Adhesion to Host Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0059822. [PMID: 35435766 PMCID: PMC9241615 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00598-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms of bacterial host cell adhesion is a clue for preventing infections. We describe the underestimated role that the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin plays in the adhesion of human-pathogenic
Bartonella henselae
to host cells.
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13
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Smirnova VV, Shestakova ED, Nogina DS, Mishchenko PA, Prikazchikova TA, Zatsepin TS, Kulakovskiy IV, Shatsky IN, Terenin IM. Ribosomal leaky scanning through a translated uORF requires eIF4G2. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1111-1127. [PMID: 35018467 PMCID: PMC8789081 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
eIF4G2 (DAP5 or Nat1) is a homologue of the canonical translation initiation factor eIF4G1 in higher eukaryotes but its function remains poorly understood. Unlike eIF4G1, eIF4G2 does not interact with the cap-binding protein eIF4E and is believed to drive translation under stress when eIF4E activity is impaired. Here, we show that eIF4G2 operates under normal conditions as well and promotes scanning downstream of the eIF4G1-mediated 40S recruitment and cap-proximal scanning. Specifically, eIF4G2 facilitates leaky scanning for a subset of mRNAs. Apparently, eIF4G2 replaces eIF4G1 during scanning of 5′ UTR and the necessity for eIF4G2 only arises when eIF4G1 dissociates from the scanning complex. In particular, this event can occur when the leaky scanning complexes interfere with initiating or elongating 80S ribosomes within a translated uORF. This mechanism is therefore crucial for higher eukaryotes which are known to have long 5′ UTRs with highly frequent uORFs. We suggest that uORFs are not the only obstacle on the way of scanning complexes towards the main start codon, because certain eIF4G2 mRNA targets lack uORF(s). Thus, higher eukaryotes possess two distinct scanning complexes: the principal one that binds mRNA and initiates scanning, and the accessory one that rescues scanning when the former fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Smirnova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina D Shestakova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Daria S Nogina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Polina A Mishchenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow 121205, Russia.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan V Kulakovskiy
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan N Shatsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ilya M Terenin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Olimpiyskiy ave. b.1, 354349, Russia
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14
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Arnoldi M, Zarantonello G, Espinoza S, Gustincich S, Di Leva F, Biagioli M. Design and Delivery of SINEUP: A New Modular Tool to Increase Protein Translation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2434:63-87. [PMID: 35213010 PMCID: PMC9703201 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SINEUP is a new class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which contain an inverted Short Interspersed Nuclear Element (SINE) B2 element (invSINEB2) necessary to specifically upregulate target gene translation. Originally identified in the mouse AS-Uchl1 (antisense Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1) locus, natural SINEUP molecules are oriented head to head to their sense protein coding, target gene (Uchl1, in this example). Peculiarly, SINEUP is able to augment, in a specific and controlled way, the expression of the target protein, with no alteration of target mRNA levels. SINEUP is characterized by a modular structure with the Binding Domain (BD) providing specificity to the target transcript and an effector domain (ED)-containing the invSINEB2 element-able to promote the loading to the heavy polysomes of the target mRNA. Since the understanding of its modular structure in the endogenous AS-Uchl1 ncRNA, synthetic SINEUP molecules have been developed by creating a specific BD for the gene of interest and placing it upstream the invSINEB2 ED. Synthetic SINEUP is thus a novel molecular tool that potentially may be used for any industrial or biomedical application to enhance protein production, also as possible therapeutic strategy in haploinsufficiency-driven disorders.Here, we describe a detailed protocol to (1) design a specific BD directed to a gene of interest and (2) assemble and clone it with the ED to obtain a functional SINEUP molecule. Then, we provide guidelines to efficiently deliver SINEUP into mammalian cells and evaluate its ability to effectively upregulate target protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Arnoldi
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Zarantonello
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Espinoza
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Leva
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Marta Biagioli
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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15
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Hastings L, Sokratian A, Apicco DJ, Stanhope CM, Smith L, Hirst WD, West AB, Kelly K. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac042. [PMID: 35282165 PMCID: PMC8907490 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of α-synuclein inclusions in vulnerable neuronal populations pathologically defines Lewy body diseases including Parkinson’s disease. Recent pre-clinical studies suggest poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation and the subsequent generation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymer represent key steps in the formation of toxic α-synuclein aggregates and neurodegeneration. Several studies suggest that the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity via the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 small molecule inhibitor ABT-888 (Veliparib), a drug in clinical trials for different cancers, may prevent or ameliorate α-synuclein fibril-induced aggregation, inclusion formation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Herein, we evaluated the effects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymer on α-synuclein fibrillization in vitro, the effects of ABT-888 on the formation of fibril-seeded α-synuclein inclusions in primary mouse cortical neurons and the effects of an in-diet ABT-888 dosage regimen with the intracranial injection of α-synuclein fibrils into the mouse dorsal striatum. We found that poly(ADP-ribose) polymer minimally but significantly increased the rate of spontaneously formed α-synuclein fibrils in vitro. Machine-learning algorithms that quantitatively assessed α-synuclein inclusion counts in neurons, both in primary cultures and in the brains of fibril-injected mice, did not reveal differences between ABT-888- and vehicle-treated groups. The in-diet administered ABT-888 molecule demonstrated outstanding brain penetration in mice; however, dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra caused by α-synuclein fibril injections in the striatum was similar between ABT-888- and vehicle-treated groups. α-Synuclein fibril-induced loss of dopaminergic fibres in the dorsal striatum was also similar between ABT-888- and vehicle-treated groups. We conclude that additional pre-clinical evaluation of ABT-888 may be warranted to justify further exploration of ABT-888 for disease modification in Lewy body diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Hastings
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arpine Sokratian
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J. Apicco
- Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M. Stanhope
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Warren D. Hirst
- Biogen Neurodegeneration Research Unit, Research and Early Discovery, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaela Kelly
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Correspondence to: Kaela Kelly, PhD 3 Genome Ct, Durham NC 27710, USA E-mail:
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16
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Kouno T, Carninci P, Shin JW. Complete Transcriptome Analysis by 5'-End Single-Cell RNA-Seq with Random Priming. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2490:141-156. [PMID: 35486244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2281-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals heterogeneous cell types in complex tissues and leads to unexpected biological findings when compared to bulk populations. However most of the methods focus on the 3'-end of polyadenylated transcripts using droplet-based technology. To achieve complete transcriptome, we describe single-cell 5'-end transcriptome protocol with random primed-cDNA harvesting on the Fluidigm C1™ platform which can isolate and process up to 96 cells from a single run with custom library preparation. The method enables detection of Transcription Start Site (TSS) at the single-cell resolution yielding a more comprehensive overview of gene regulatory elements governing in the EpiSC-like cell (EpiLC) including non-polyadenylated RNA and enhancer RNA activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kouno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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17
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Zarantonello G, Arnoldi M, Filosi M, Tebaldi T, Spirito G, Barbieri A, Gustincich S, Sanges R, Domenici E, Di Leva F, Biagioli M. Natural SINEUP RNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorders: RAB11B-AS1 Dysregulation in a Neuronal CHD8 Suppression Model Leads to RAB11B Protein Increase. Front Genet 2021; 12:745229. [PMID: 34880900 PMCID: PMC8647803 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD8 represents one of the highest confidence genetic risk factors implied in Autism Spectrum Disorders, with most mutations leading to CHD8 haploinsufficiency and the insurgence of specific phenotypes, such as macrocephaly, facial dysmorphisms, intellectual disability, and gastrointestinal complaints. While extensive studies have been conducted on the possible consequences of CHD8 suppression and protein coding RNAs dysregulation during neuronal development, the effects of transcriptional changes of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain unclear. In this study, we focused on a peculiar class of natural antisense lncRNAs, SINEUPs, that enhance translation of a target mRNA through the activity of two RNA domains, an embedded transposable element sequence and an antisense region. By looking at dysregulated transcripts following CHD8 knock down (KD), we first identified RAB11B-AS1 as a potential SINEUP RNA for its domain configuration. Then we demonstrated that such lncRNA is able to increase endogenous RAB11B protein amounts without affecting its transcriptional levels. RAB11B has a pivotal role in vesicular trafficking, and mutations on this gene correlate with intellectual disability and microcephaly. Thus, our study discloses an additional layer of molecular regulation which is altered by CHD8 suppression. This represents the first experimental confirmation that naturally occurring SINEUP could be involved in ASD pathogenesis and underscores the importance of dysregulation of functional lncRNAs in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zarantonello
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Arnoldi
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Michele Filosi
- Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Laboratory of RNA and Disease Data Science, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spirito
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Area of Neuroscience, International School of Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Central RNA Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Barbieri
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Remo Sanges
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Area of Neuroscience, International School of Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Central RNA Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Fondazione The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Leva
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marta Biagioli
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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18
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Chiba Y, Yoshizaki K, Tian T, Miyazaki K, Martin D, Saito K, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Integration of Single-Cell RNA- and CAGE-seq Reveals Tooth-Enriched Genes. J Dent Res 2021; 101:220345211049785. [PMID: 34806461 PMCID: PMC9052834 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211049785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development is dictated by the regulation of genes preferentially expressed in tissues or cell types. Gene expression profiling and identification of specific genes in organs can provide insights into organogenesis. Therefore, genome-wide analysis is a powerful tool for clarifying the mechanisms of development during organogenesis as well as tooth development. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a suitable tool for unraveling the gene expression profile of dental cells. Using scRNA-seq, we can obtain a large pool of information on gene expression; however, identification of functional genes, which are key molecules for tooth development, via this approach remains challenging. In the present study, we performed cap analysis of gene expression sequence (CAGE-seq) using mouse tooth germ to identify the genes preferentially expressed in teeth. The CAGE-seq counts short reads at the 5'-end of transcripts; therefore, this method can quantify the amount of transcripts without bias related to the transcript length. We hypothesized that this CAGE data set would be of great help for further understanding a gene expression profile through scRNA-seq. We aimed to identify the important genes involved in tooth development via bioinformatics analyses, using a combination of scRNA-seq and CAGE-seq. We obtained the scRNA-seq data set of 12,212 cells from postnatal day 1 mouse molars and the CAGE-seq data set from postnatal day 1 molars. scRNA-seq analysis revealed the spatiotemporal expression of cell type-specific genes, and CAGE-seq helped determine whether these genes are preferentially expressed in tooth or ubiquitously. Furthermore, we identified candidate genes as novel tooth-enriched and dental cell type-specific markers. Our results show that the integration of scRNA-seq and CAGE-seq highlights the genes important for tooth development among numerous gene expression profiles. These findings should contribute to resolving the mechanism of tooth development and establishing the basis for tooth regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Chiba
- Section of Oral Medicine for
Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental
Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K. Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and
Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T. Tian
- Section of Orthodontics and
Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K. Miyazaki
- Section of Orthodontics and
Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development,
Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - D. Martin
- Genomics and Computational
Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication
Disorders, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genomics and Computational Biology Core
- Genomics and Computational
Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication
Disorders, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K. Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry,
Department of Community Social Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A. Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry,
Department of Community Social Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S. Fukumoto
- Section of Oral Medicine for
Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental
Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry,
Department of Community Social Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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19
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SINEUPs: a novel toolbox for RNA therapeutics. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:775-789. [PMID: 34623427 PMCID: PMC8564737 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA molecules have emerged as a new class of promising therapeutics to expand the range of druggable targets in the genome. In addition to ‘canonical’ protein-coding mRNAs, the emerging richness of sense and antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) provides a new reservoir of molecular tools for RNA-based drugs. LncRNAs are composed of modular structural domains with specific activities involving the recruitment of protein cofactors or directly interacting with nucleic acids. A single therapeutic RNA transcript can then be assembled combining domains with defined secondary structures and functions, and antisense sequences specific for the RNA/DNA target of interest. As the first representative molecules of this new pharmacology, we have identified SINEUPs, a new functional class of natural antisense lncRNAs that increase the translation of partially overlapping mRNAs. Their activity is based on the combination of two domains: an embedded mouse inverted SINEB2 element that enhances mRNA translation (effector domain) and an overlapping antisense region that provides specificity for the target sense transcript (binding domain). By genetic engineering, synthetic SINEUPs can potentially target any mRNA of interest increasing translation and therefore the endogenous level of the encoded protein. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge of SINEUPs and discuss recent publications showing their potential application in diseases where a physiological increase of endogenous protein expression can be therapeutic.
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20
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Hashimoto K, Jouhilahti EM, Töhönen V, Carninci P, Kere J, Katayama S. Embryonic LTR retrotransposons supply promoter modules to somatic tissues. Genome Res 2021; 31:1983-1993. [PMID: 34675070 PMCID: PMC8559712 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275354.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are widely distributed across the human genome. They have accumulated through retroviral integration into germline DNA and are latent genetic modules. Active LTR promoters are observed in germline cells; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying their active transcription in somatic tissues. Here, by integrating our previous transcriptome data set with publicly available data sets, we show that the LTR families MLT2A1 and MLT2A2 are primarily expressed in human four-cell and eight-cell embryos and are also activated in some adult somatic tissues, particularly pineal gland. Three MLT2A elements function as the promoters and first exons of the protein-coding genes ABCE1, COL5A1, and GALNT13 specifically in the pineal gland of humans but not in that of macaques, suggesting that the exaptation of these LTRs as promoters occurred during recent primate evolution. This analysis provides insight into the possible transition from germline insertion to somatic expression of LTR retrotransposons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eeva-Mari Jouhilahti
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Juha Kere
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Wang Z, Franke K, Zuberbier T, Babina M. Cytokine Stimulation via MRGPRX2 Occurs with Lower Potency than by FcεRI-aggregation but with Similar Dependence on the ERK1/2 Module in Human Skin Mast Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:414-424.e8. [PMID: 34329659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin mast cells (MCs) contribute to chronic dermatoses that partially rely on MC-derived cytokines. The discovery of MRGPRX2 explains MC-dependent symptoms independently of FcεRI-activation. Here, we investigated whether MRGPRX2 can elicit cytokines, determined its relative potency versus FcεRI and addressed the underlying mechanisms. MRGPRX2-activation by compound 48/80 or Substance P on skin MCs induced TNF-α, IL-8, IL-13, CCL1, CCL2 mRNA and protein, yet induction was typically reduced compared with FcεRI-crosslinking. Generally, cytokine secretion required de-novo-synthesis with maximum accumulation at ≈8 h. Addressing key kinases revealed robust, rapid (1 min), and lasting (30 min) phosphorylation of ERK1/2 following MRGPRX2-ligation, while pp38, and pAKT signals were weaker, and pJNK hardly detectable. The kinase spectrum following FcεRI-aggregation was comparable, but responses considerably delayed. The MEK/ERK pathway was essential for all cytokines examined and four inhibitors of this module gave complete suppression. Variable and weaker contribution was found for PI3K>JNK>p38. Strikingly, cytokine profiles and signaling prerequisites were similar for MRGPRX2 and FcεRI and likely mainly dictated by the MC subset. Collectively, in skin MCs, the physiological producers of MRGPRX2, agonist binding elicits cytokines, yet less efficiently than FcεRI-aggregation. MRGPRX2-associated inflammation may thus be less tissue-destructive than responses to allergic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Northwest Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kristin Franke
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Rothzerg E, Ho XD, Xu J, Wood D, Märtson A, Kõks S. Upregulation of 15 Antisense Long Non-Coding RNAs in Osteosarcoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081132. [PMID: 34440306 PMCID: PMC8394133 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome encodes thousands of natural antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs); they play the essential role in regulation of gene expression at multiple levels, including replication, transcription and translation. Dysregulation of antisense lncRNAs plays indispensable roles in numerous biological progress, such as tumour progression, metastasis and resistance to therapeutic agents. To date, there have been several studies analysing antisense lncRNAs expression profiles in cancer, but not enough to highlight the complexity of the disease. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of antisense lncRNAs from osteosarcoma and healthy bone samples (24 tumour-16 bone samples) using RNA sequencing. We identified 15 antisense lncRNAs (RUSC1-AS1, TBX2-AS1, PTOV1-AS1, UBE2D3-AS1, ERCC8-AS1, ZMIZ1-AS1, RNF144A-AS1, RDH10-AS1, TRG-AS1, GSN-AS1, HMGA2-AS1, ZNF528-AS1, OTUD6B-AS1, COX10-AS1 and SLC16A1-AS1) that were upregulated in tumour samples compared to bone sample controls. Further, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to validate the expressions of the antisense lncRNAs in 8 different osteosarcoma cell lines (SaOS-2, G-292, HOS, U2-OS, 143B, SJSA-1, MG-63, and MNNG/HOS) compared to hFOB (human osteoblast cell line). These differentially expressed IncRNAs can be considered biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xuan Dung Ho
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam;
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
| | - David Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (E.R.); (J.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Aare Märtson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-8-6457-0313
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23
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Discovery of widespread transcription initiation at microsatellites predictable by sequence-based deep neural network. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3297. [PMID: 34078885 PMCID: PMC8172540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) technology, the FANTOM5 consortium provided one of the most comprehensive maps of transcription start sites (TSSs) in several species. Strikingly, ~72% of them could not be assigned to a specific gene and initiate at unconventional regions, outside promoters or enhancers. Here, we probe these unassigned TSSs and show that, in all species studied, a significant fraction of CAGE peaks initiate at microsatellites, also called short tandem repeats (STRs). To confirm this transcription, we develop Cap Trap RNA-seq, a technology which combines cap trapping and long read MinION sequencing. We train sequence-based deep learning models able to predict CAGE signal at STRs with high accuracy. These models unveil the importance of STR surrounding sequences not only to distinguish STR classes, but also to predict the level of transcription initiation. Importantly, genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at STRs with high transcription initiation level, supporting the biological and clinical relevance of transcription initiation at STRs. Together, our results extend the repertoire of non-coding transcription associated with DNA tandem repeats and complexify STR polymorphism.
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24
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Gažová I, Lefevre L, Bush SJ, Rojo R, Hume DA, Lengeling A, Summers KM. CRISPR-Cas9 Editing of Human Histone Deubiquitinase Gene USP16 in Human Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line THP-1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679544. [PMID: 34136489 PMCID: PMC8203323 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
USP16 is a histone deubiquitinase which facilitates G2/M transition during the cell cycle, regulates DNA damage repair and contributes to inducible gene expression. We mutated the USP16 gene in a high differentiation clone of the acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 using the CRISPR-Cas9 system and generated four homozygous knockout clones. All were able to proliferate and to differentiate in response to phorbol ester (PMA) treatment. One line was highly proliferative prior to PMA treatment and shut down proliferation upon differentiation, like wild type. Three clones showed sustained expression of the progenitor cell marker MYB, indicating that differentiation had not completely blocked proliferation in these clones. Network analysis of transcriptomic differences among wild type, heterozygotes and homozygotes showed clusters of genes that were up- or down-regulated after differentiation in all cell lines. Prior to PMA treatment, the homozygous clones had lower levels than wild type of genes relating to metabolism and mitochondria, including SRPRB, encoding an interaction partner of USP16. There was also apparent loss of interferon signaling. In contrast, a number of genes were up-regulated in the homozygous cells compared to wild type at baseline, including other deubiquitinases (USP12, BAP1, and MYSM1). However, three homozygotes failed to fully induce USP3 during differentiation. Other network clusters showed effects prior to or after differentiation in the homozygous clones. Thus the removal of USP16 affected the transcriptome of the cells, although all these lines were able to survive, which suggests that the functions attributed to USP16 may be redundant. Our analysis indicates that the leukemic line can adapt to the extreme selection pressure applied by the loss of USP16, and the harsh conditions of the gene editing and selection protocol, through different compensatory pathways. Similar selection pressures occur during the evolution of a cancer in vivo, and our results can be seen as a case study in leukemic cell adaptation. USP16 has been considered a target for cancer chemotherapy, but our results suggest that treatment would select for escape mutants that are resistant to USP16 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Gažová
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bush
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Rojo
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Lengeling
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M Summers
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom.,Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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25
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Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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26
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Bliznina A, Masunaga A, Mansfield MJ, Tan Y, Liu AW, West C, Rustagi T, Chien HC, Kumar S, Pichon J, Plessy C, Luscombe NM. Telomere-to-telomere assembly of the genome of an individual Oikopleura dioica from Okinawa using Nanopore-based sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:222. [PMID: 33781200 PMCID: PMC8008620 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The larvacean Oikopleura dioica is an abundant tunicate plankton with the smallest (65–70 Mbp) non-parasitic, non-extremophile animal genome identified to date. Currently, there are two genomes available for the Bergen (OdB3) and Osaka (OSKA2016) O. dioica laboratory strains. Both assemblies have full genome coverage and high sequence accuracy. However, a chromosome-scale assembly has not yet been achieved. Results Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly (OKI2018_I69) of the Okinawan O. dioica produced using long-read Nanopore and short-read Illumina sequencing data from a single male, combined with Hi-C chromosomal conformation capture data for scaffolding. The OKI2018_I69 assembly has a total length of 64.3 Mbp distributed among 19 scaffolds. 99% of the assembly is contained within five megabase-scale scaffolds. We found telomeres on both ends of the two largest scaffolds, which represent assemblies of two fully contiguous autosomal chromosomes. Each of the other three large scaffolds have telomeres at one end only and we propose that they correspond to sex chromosomes split into a pseudo-autosomal region and X-specific or Y-specific regions. Indeed, these five scaffolds mostly correspond to equivalent linkage groups in OdB3, suggesting overall agreement in chromosomal organization between the two populations. At a more detailed level, the OKI2018_I69 assembly possesses similar genomic features in gene content and repetitive elements reported for OdB3. The Hi-C map suggests few reciprocal interactions between chromosome arms. At the sequence level, multiple genomic features such as GC content and repetitive elements are distributed differently along the short and long arms of the same chromosome. Conclusions We show that a hybrid approach of integrating multiple sequencing technologies with chromosome conformation information results in an accurate de novo chromosome-scale assembly of O. dioica’s highly polymorphic genome. This genome assembly opens up the possibility of cross-genome comparison between O. dioica populations, as well as of studies of chromosomal evolution in this lineage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07512-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bliznina
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Aki Masunaga
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Michael J Mansfield
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yongkai Tan
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Andrew W Liu
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Charlotte West
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tanmay Rustagi
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hsiao-Chiao Chien
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Julien Pichon
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Charles Plessy
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Nicholas M Luscombe
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Ducoli L, Agrawal S, Sibler E, Kouno T, Tacconi C, Hon CC, Berger SD, Müllhaupt D, He Y, Kim J, D'Addio M, Dieterich LC, Carninci P, de Hoon MJL, Shin JW, Detmar M. LETR1 is a lymphatic endothelial-specific lncRNA governing cell proliferation and migration through KLF4 and SEMA3C. Nat Commun 2021; 12:925. [PMID: 33568674 PMCID: PMC7876020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. Subsequent antisense oligonucleotide-knockdown transcriptomic profiling of two LEC- and two BEC-specific lncRNAs identifies LETR1 as a critical gatekeeper of the global LEC transcriptome. Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C, governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. Together, our study provides several lines of evidence supporting the intriguing concept that every cell type expresses precise lncRNA signatures to control lineage-specific regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eliane Sibler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsukasa Kouno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chung-Chao Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Simone D Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Müllhaupt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jihye Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco D'Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiel J L de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Davies R, Liu L, Taotao S, Tuano N, Chaturvedi R, Huang KK, Itman C, Mandoli A, Qamra A, Hu C, Powell D, Daly RJ, Tan P, Rosenbluh J. CRISPRi enables isoform-specific loss-of-function screens and identification of gastric cancer-specific isoform dependencies. Genome Biol 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 33499898 PMCID: PMC7836456 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genes contain multiple promoters that can drive the expression of various transcript isoforms. Although transcript isoforms from the same gene could have diverse and non-overlapping functions, current loss-of-function methodologies are not able to differentiate between isoform-specific phenotypes. Results Here, we show that CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) can be adopted for targeting specific promoters within a gene, enabling isoform-specific loss-of-function genetic screens. We use this strategy to test functional dependencies of 820 transcript isoforms that are gained in gastric cancer (GC). We identify a subset of GC-gained transcript isoform dependencies, and of these, we validate CIT kinase as a novel GC dependency. We further show that some genes express isoforms with opposite functions. Specifically, we find that the tumour suppressor ZFHX3 expresses an isoform that has a paradoxical oncogenic role that correlates with poor patient outcome. Conclusions Our work finds isoform-specific phenotypes that would not be identified using current loss-of-function approaches that are not designed to target specific transcript isoforms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02266-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Davies
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ling Liu
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sheng Taotao
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Natasha Tuano
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Richa Chaturvedi
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kie Kyon Huang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Catherine Itman
- Functional Genomics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Aditi Qamra
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Changyuan Hu
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672, Singapore. .,SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Joseph Rosenbluh
- Cancer Research Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Functional Genomics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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29
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Abugessaisa I, Ramilowski JA, Lizio M, Severin J, Hasegawa A, Harshbarger J, Kondo A, Noguchi S, Yip CW, Ooi J, Tagami M, Hori F, Agrawal S, Hon C, Cardon M, Ikeda S, Ono H, Bono H, Kato M, Hashimoto K, Bonetti A, Kato M, Kobayashi N, Shin J, de Hoon M, Hayashizaki Y, Carninci P, Kawaji H, Kasukawa T. FANTOM enters 20th year: expansion of transcriptomic atlases and functional annotation of non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D892-D898. [PMID: 33211864 PMCID: PMC7779024 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome (FANTOM) Consortium has continued to provide extensive resources in the pursuit of understanding the transcriptome, and transcriptional regulation, of mammalian genomes for the last 20 years. To share these resources with the research community, the FANTOM web-interfaces and databases are being regularly updated, enhanced and expanded with new data types. In recent years, the FANTOM Consortium's efforts have been mainly focused on creating new non-coding RNA datasets and resources. The existing FANTOM5 human and mouse miRNA atlas was supplemented with rat, dog, and chicken datasets. The sixth (latest) edition of the FANTOM project was launched to assess the function of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). From its creation until 2020, FANTOM6 has contributed to the research community a large dataset generated from the knock-down of 285 lncRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts; this is followed with extensive expression profiling and cellular phenotyping. Other updates to the FANTOM resource includes the reprocessing of the miRNA and promoter atlases of human, mouse and chicken with the latest reference genome assemblies. To facilitate the use and accessibility of all above resources we further enhanced FANTOM data viewers and web interfaces. The updated FANTOM web resource is publicly available at https://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Abugessaisa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jordan A Ramilowski
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marina Lizio
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jesicca Severin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Hasegawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jayson Harshbarger
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kondo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noguchi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Michihira Tagami
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumi Hori
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chung Chau Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Melissa Cardon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuya Ikeda
- Database Center for Life Science, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ono
- Database Center for Life Science, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University
| | - Masaki Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Alessandro Bonetti
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masaki Kato
- RIKEN Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- RIKEN Head Office for Information Systems and Cybersecurity, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jay Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiel de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Hideya Kawaji.
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 45 503 9222; Fax: +81 45 503 9219;
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30
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Fagorzi C, Checcucci A. A Compendium of Bioinformatic Tools for Bacterial Pangenomics to Be Used by Wet-Lab Scientists. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2242:233-243. [PMID: 33961228 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1099-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Making use of mathematics and statistics, bioinformatics helps biologists to quickly obtain information from a huge amount of experimental data. Nowadays, a large number of web- and computer-based tools are available, allowing more unskilled scientists to be familiar with data analysis techniques. The present chapter gives an overview of the most easy-to-use tools and software packages for bacterial genes and genome analysis present on the Web, with the aim to mainly help wet-lab researcher at undergraduate and postgraduate levels to introduce them to bioinformatics analysis of biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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31
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An integrative atlas of chicken long non-coding genes and their annotations across 25 tissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20457. [PMID: 33235280 PMCID: PMC7686352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LNC) regulate numerous biological processes. In contrast to human, the identification of LNC in farm species, like chicken, is still lacunar. We propose a catalogue of 52,075 chicken genes enriched in LNC (http://www.fragencode.org/), built from the Ensembl reference extended using novel LNC modelled here from 364 RNA-seq and LNC from four public databases. The Ensembl reference grew from 4,643 to 30,084 LNC, of which 59% and 41% with expression ≥ 0.5 and ≥ 1 TPM respectively. Characterization of these LNC relatively to the closest protein coding genes (PCG) revealed that 79% of LNC are in intergenic regions, as in other species. Expression analysis across 25 tissues revealed an enrichment of co-expressed LNC:PCG pairs, suggesting co-regulation and/or co-function. As expected LNC were more tissue-specific than PCG (25% vs. 10%). Similarly to human, 16% of chicken LNC hosted one or more miRNA. We highlighted a new chicken LNC, hosting miR155, conserved in human, highly expressed in immune tissues like miR155, and correlated with immunity-related PCG in both species. Among LNC:PCG pairs tissue-specific in the same tissue, we revealed an enrichment of divergent pairs with the PCG coding transcription factors, as for example LHX5, HXD3 and TBX4, in both human and chicken.
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32
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Kajihara D, Hon CC, Abdullah AN, Wosniak J, Moretti AIS, Poloni JF, Bonatto D, Hashimoto K, Carninci P, Laurindo FRM. Analysis of splice variants of the human protein disulfide isomerase (P4HB) gene. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:766. [PMID: 33148170 PMCID: PMC7640458 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein Disulfide Isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily with crucial roles in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis, implicated in many diseases. The family prototype PDIA1 is also involved in vascular redox cell signaling. PDIA1 is coded by the P4HB gene. While forced changes in P4HB gene expression promote physiological effects, little is known about endogenous P4HB gene regulation and, in particular, gene modulation by alternative splicing. This study addressed the P4HB splice variant landscape. RESULTS Ten protein coding sequences (Ensembl) of the P4HB gene originating from alternative splicing were characterized. Structural features suggest that except for P4HB-021, other splice variants are unlikely to exert thiol isomerase activity at the endoplasmic reticulum. Extensive analyses using FANTOM5, ENCODE Consortium and GTEx project databases as RNA-seq data sources were performed. These indicated widespread expression but significant variability in the degree of isoform expression among distinct tissues and even among distinct locations of the same cell, e.g., vascular smooth muscle cells from different origins. P4HB-02, P4HB-027 and P4HB-021 were relatively more expressed across each database, the latter particularly in vascular smooth muscle. Expression of such variants was validated by qRT-PCR in some cell types. The most consistently expressed splice variant was P4HB-021 in human mammary artery vascular smooth muscle which, together with canonical P4HB gene, had its expression enhanced by serum starvation. CONCLUSIONS Our study details the splice variant landscape of the P4HB gene, indicating their potential role to diversify the functional reach of this crucial gene. P4HB-021 splice variant deserves further investigation in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.,Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chung-Chau Hon
- Laboratory for Genome Information Analysis, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aimi Naim Abdullah
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - João Wosniak
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Iochabel S Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Joice F Poloni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, Division of Genomic Medicine, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, LIM-64, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex 2, 9th floor, Sao Paulo, CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
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33
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Use of Cap Analysis Gene Expression to detect human papillomavirus promoter activity patterns at different disease stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17991. [PMID: 33093512 PMCID: PMC7582169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of human papillomavirus (HPV) genes proceeds unidirectionally from multiple promoters. Direct profiling of transcription start sites (TSSs) by Cap Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) is a powerful strategy for examining individual HPV promoter activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations of viral promoter activity during infection using CAGE technology. We used CAGE-based sequencing of 46 primary cervical samples, and quantitatively evaluated TSS patterns in the HPV transcriptome at a single-nucleotide resolution. TSS patterns were classified into two types: early promoter-dominant type (Type A) and late promoter-dominant type (Type B). The Type B pattern was more frequently found in CIN1 and CIN2 lesions than in CIN3 and cancer samples. We detected transcriptomes from multiple HPV types in five samples. Interestingly, in each sample, the TSS patterns of both HPV types were the same. The viral gene expression pattern was determined by the differentiation status of the epithelial cells, regardless of HPV type. We performed unbiased analyses of TSSs across the HPV genome in clinical samples. Visualising TSS pattern dynamics, including TSS shifts, provides new insights into how HPV infection status relates to disease state.
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34
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Brademan DR, Miller IJ, Kwiecien NW, Pagliarini DJ, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Shishkova E. Argonaut: A Web Platform for Collaborative Multi-omic Data Visualization and Exploration. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100122. [PMID: 33154995 PMCID: PMC7641515 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers now generate large multi-omic datasets using increasingly mature mass spectrometry techniques at an astounding pace, facing new challenges of "Big Data" dissemination, visualization, and exploration. Conveniently, web-based data portals accommodate the complexity of multi-omic experiments and the many experts involved. However, developing these tailored companion resources requires programming expertise and knowledge of web server architecture-a substantial burden for most. Here, we describe Argonaut, a simple, code-free, and user-friendly platform for creating customizable, interactive data-hosting websites. Argonaut carries out real-time statistical analyses of the data, which it organizes into easily sharable projects. Collaborating researchers worldwide can explore the results, visualized through popular plots, and modify them to streamline data interpretation. Increasing the pace and ease of access to multi-omic data, Argonaut aims to propel discovery of new biological insights. We showcase the capabilities of this tool using a published multi-omics dataset on the large mitochondrial protease deletion collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain R. Brademan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ian J. Miller
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Kwiecien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S. Westphall
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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35
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Aguiar JA, Tremblay BJM, Mansfield MJ, Woody O, Lobb B, Banerjee A, Chandiramohan A, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Revill S, Miller MS, Carlsten C, Organ L, Joseph C, John A, Hanson P, Austin RC, McManus BM, Jenkins G, Mossman K, Ask K, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:2001123. [PMID: 32675206 PMCID: PMC7366180 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01123-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV, the agent responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak, utilises angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) host molecules for viral entry. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have recently been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additional host molecules including ADAM17, cathepsin L, CD147 and GRP78 may also function as receptors for SARS-CoV-2.To determine the expression and in situ localisation of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the respiratory mucosa, we analysed gene expression datasets from airway epithelial cells of 515 healthy subjects, gene promoter activity analysis using the FANTOM5 dataset containing 120 distinct sample types, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 10 healthy subjects, proteomic datasets, immunoblots on multiple airway epithelial cell types, and immunohistochemistry on 98 human lung samples.We demonstrate absent to low ACE2 promoter activity in a variety of lung epithelial cell samples and low ACE2 gene expression in both microarray and scRNAseq datasets of epithelial cell populations. Consistent with gene expression, rare ACE2 protein expression was observed in the airway epithelium and alveoli of human lung, confirmed with proteomics. We present confirmatory evidence for the presence of TMPRSS2, CD147 and GRP78 protein in vitro in airway epithelial cells and confirm broad in situ protein expression of CD147 and GRP78 in the respiratory mucosa.Collectively, our data suggest the presence of a mechanism dynamically regulating ACE2 expression in human lung, perhaps in periods of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also suggest that alternative receptors for SARS-CoV-2 exist to facilitate initial host cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Mansfield
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Owen Woody
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Organ
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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36
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Aguiar JA, Tremblay BJM, Mansfield MJ, Woody O, Lobb B, Banerjee A, Chandiramohan A, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Revill S, Miller MS, Carlsten C, Organ L, Joseph C, John A, Hanson P, Austin RC, McManus BM, Jenkins G, Mossman K, Ask K, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue. Eur Respir J 2020; 56. [PMID: 32675206 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV, the agent responsible for the 2003 SARS outbreak, utilises angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) host molecules for viral entry. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have recently been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additional host molecules including ADAM17, cathepsin L, CD147 and GRP78 may also function as receptors for SARS-CoV-2.To determine the expression and in situ localisation of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the respiratory mucosa, we analysed gene expression datasets from airway epithelial cells of 515 healthy subjects, gene promoter activity analysis using the FANTOM5 dataset containing 120 distinct sample types, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 10 healthy subjects, proteomic datasets, immunoblots on multiple airway epithelial cell types, and immunohistochemistry on 98 human lung samples.We demonstrate absent to low ACE2 promoter activity in a variety of lung epithelial cell samples and low ACE2 gene expression in both microarray and scRNAseq datasets of epithelial cell populations. Consistent with gene expression, rare ACE2 protein expression was observed in the airway epithelium and alveoli of human lung, confirmed with proteomics. We present confirmatory evidence for the presence of TMPRSS2, CD147 and GRP78 protein in vitro in airway epithelial cells and confirm broad in situ protein expression of CD147 and GRP78 in the respiratory mucosa.Collectively, our data suggest the presence of a mechanism dynamically regulating ACE2 expression in human lung, perhaps in periods of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and also suggest that alternative receptors for SARS-CoV-2 exist to facilitate initial host cell infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Mansfield
- Genomics and Regulatory Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Owen Woody
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Briallen Lobb
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Revill
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Dept of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Organ
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison John
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Hanson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Mossman
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- A.C. Doxey and J.A. Hirota contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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An O, Tan KT, Li Y, Li J, Wu CS, Zhang B, Chen L, Yang H. CSI NGS Portal: An Online Platform for Automated NGS Data Analysis and Sharing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113828. [PMID: 32481589 PMCID: PMC7312552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been a widely-used technology in biomedical research for understanding the role of molecular genetics of cells in health and disease. A variety of computational tools have been developed to analyse the vastly growing NGS data, which often require bioinformatics skills, tedious work and a significant amount of time. To facilitate data processing steps minding the gap between biologists and bioinformaticians, we developed CSI NGS Portal, an online platform which gathers established bioinformatics pipelines to provide fully automated NGS data analysis and sharing in a user-friendly website. The portal currently provides 16 standard pipelines for analysing data from DNA, RNA, smallRNA, ChIP, RIP, 4C, SHAPE, circRNA, eCLIP, Bisulfite and scRNA sequencing, and is flexible to expand with new pipelines. The users can upload raw data in FASTQ format and submit jobs in a few clicks, and the results will be self-accessible via the portal to view/download/share in real-time. The output can be readily used as the final report or as input for other tools depending on the pipeline. Overall, CSI NGS Portal helps researchers rapidly analyse their NGS data and share results with colleagues without the aid of a bioinformatician. The portal is freely available at: https://csibioinfo.nus.edu.sg/csingsportal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +65-8452-1766 (O.A.); +65-6601-1533 (H.Y.)
| | - Kar-Tong Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Ying Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Jia Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Chan-Shuo Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (K.-T.T.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.-S.W.); (B.Z.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +65-8452-1766 (O.A.); +65-6601-1533 (H.Y.)
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Schwarz JM, Hombach D, Köhler S, Cooper DN, Schuelke M, Seelow D. RegulationSpotter: annotation and interpretation of extratranscriptic DNA variants. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:W106-W113. [PMID: 31106382 PMCID: PMC6602480 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RegulationSpotter is a web-based tool for the user-friendly annotation and interpretation of DNA variants located outside of protein-coding transcripts (extratranscriptic variants). It is designed for clinicians and researchers who wish to assess the potential impact of the considerable number of non-coding variants found in Whole Genome Sequencing runs. It annotates individual variants with underlying regulatory features in an intuitive way by assessing over 100 genome-wide annotations. Additionally, it calculates a score, which reflects the regulatory potential of the variant region. Its dichotomous classifications, ‘functional’ or ‘non-functional’, and a human-readable presentation of the underlying evidence allow a biologically meaningful interpretation of the score. The output shows key aspects of every variant and allows rapid access to more detailed information about its possible role in gene regulation. RegulationSpotter can either analyse single variants or complete VCF files. Variants located within protein-coding transcripts are automatically assessed by MutationTaster as well as by RegulationSpotter to account for possible intragenic regulatory effects. RegulationSpotter offers the possibility of using phenotypic data to focus on known disease genes or genomic elements interacting with them. RegulationSpotter is freely available at https://www.regulationspotter.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Marie Schwarz
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Hombach
- Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Seelow
- Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Smirnov D, Pikunov A, Syunyaev R, Deviatiiarov R, Gusev O, Aras K, Gams A, Koppel A, Efimov IR. Genetic algorithm-based personalized models of human cardiac action potential. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231695. [PMID: 32392258 PMCID: PMC7213718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel modification of genetic algorithm (GA) which determines personalized parameters of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology model based on set of experimental human action potential (AP) recorded at different heart rates. In order to find the steady state solution, the optimized algorithm performs simultaneous search in the parametric and slow variables spaces. We demonstrate that several GA modifications are required for effective convergence. Firstly, we used Cauchy mutation along a random direction in the parametric space. Secondly, relatively large number of elite organisms (6-10% of the population passed on to new generation) was required for effective convergence. Test runs with synthetic AP as input data indicate that algorithm error is low for high amplitude ionic currents (1.6±1.6% for IKr, 3.2±3.5% for IK1, 3.9±3.5% for INa, 8.2±6.3% for ICaL). Experimental signal-to-noise ratio above 28 dB was required for high quality GA performance. GA was validated against optical mapping recordings of human ventricular AP and mRNA expression profile of donor hearts. In particular, GA output parameters were rescaled proportionally to mRNA levels ratio between patients. We have demonstrated that mRNA-based models predict the AP waveform dependence on heart rate with high precision. The latter also provides a novel technique of model personalization that makes it possible to map gene expression profile to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Smirnov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey Pikunov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Roman Syunyaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Kedar Aras
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Anna Gams
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Aaron Koppel
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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FVIII expression by its native promoter sustains long-term correction avoiding immune response in hemophilic mice. Blood Adv 2020; 3:825-838. [PMID: 30862611 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018027979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a successful gene therapy approach for hemophilia A (HA), using the natural F8 promoter (pF8) to direct gene replacement to factor VIII (FVIII)-secreting cells. The promoter sequence and the regulatory elements involved in the modulation of F8 expression are still poorly characterized and biased by the historical assumption that FVIII expression is mainly in hepatocytes. Bioinformatic analyses have highlighted an underestimated complexity in gene expression at this locus, suggesting an activation of pF8 in more cell types than those previously expected. C57Bl/6 mice injected with a lentiviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the pF8 (lentiviral vector [LV].pF8.GFP) confirm the predominant GFP expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, with a few positive cells detectable also in hematopoietic organs. Therapeutic gene delivery (LV.pF8.FVIII) in hemophilic C57/Bl6 and 129-Bl6 mice successfully corrected the bleeding phenotype, rescuing up to 25% FVIII activity, using a codon-optimized FVIII, with sustained activity for the duration of the experiment (1 year) without inhibitor formation. Of note, LV.pF8.FVIII delivery in FVIII-immunized HA mice resulted in the complete reversion of the inhibitor titer with the recovery of therapeutic FVIII activity. Depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in LV-treated mice allowed the formation of anti-FVIII antibodies, indicating a role for Tregs in immune tolerance induction. The significant blood loss reduction observed in all LV.pF8.FVIII-treated mice 1 year after injection confirmed the achievement of a long-term phenotypic correction. Altogether, our results highlight the potency of pF8-driven transgene expression to correct the bleeding phenotype in HA, as well as potentially in other diseases in which an endothelial-specific expression is required.
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Lewinski M, Bramkamp Y, Köster T, Staiger D. SEQing: web-based visualization of iCLIP and RNA-seq data in an interactive python framework. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:113. [PMID: 32183735 PMCID: PMC7079501 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA-binding proteins interact with their target RNAs at specific sites. These binding sites can be determined genome-wide through individual nucleotide resolution crosslinking immunoprecipitation (iCLIP). Subsequently, the binding sites have to be visualized. So far, no visualization tool exists that is easily accessible but also supports restricted access so that data can be shared among collaborators. Results Here we present SEQing, a customizable interactive dashboard to visualize crosslink sites on target genes of RNA-binding proteins that have been obtained by iCLIP. Moreover, SEQing supports RNA-seq data that can be displayed in a different window tab. This allows, e.g. crossreferencing the iCLIP data with genes differentially expressed in mutants of the RBP and thus obtain some insights into a potential functional relevance of the binding sites. Additionally, detailed information on the target genes can be incorporated in another tab. Conclusion SEQing is written in Python3 and runs on Linux. The web-based access makes iCLIP data easily accessible, even with mobile devices. SEQing is customizable in many ways and has also the option to be secured by a password. The source code is available at https://github.com/malewins/SEQing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lewinski
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Yannik Bramkamp
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tino Köster
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld, Germany
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microRNA-875-5p plays critical role for mesenchymal condensation in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during tooth development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4918. [PMID: 32188878 PMCID: PMC7080778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction has critical roles for organ development including teeth, during which epithelial thickening and mesenchymal condensation are initiated by precise regulation of the signaling pathway. In teeth, neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells expressed PDGF receptors migrate and become condensed toward invaginated epithelium. To identify the molecular mechanism of this interaction, we explored the specific transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of tooth organs using cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE). We identified a tooth specific TSS detected in the chromosome 15qD1 region, which codes microRNA-875 (mir875). MiR875-5p is specifically expressed in dental mesenchyme during the early stage of tooth development. Furthermore, PRRX1/2 binds to the mir875 promoter region and enhances the expression of mir875. To assess the role of miR875-5p in dental mesenchyme, we transfected mimic miR875-5p into mouse dental pulp (mDP) cells, which showed that cell migration toward dental epithelial cells was significantly induced by miR875-5p via the PDGF signaling pathway. Those results also demonstrated that miR875-5p induces cell migration by inhibiting PTEN and STAT1, which are regulated by miR875-5p as part of post-transcriptional regulation. Together, our findings indicate that tooth specific miR875-5p has important roles in cell condensation of mesenchymal cells around invaginated dental epithelium and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal interaction.
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Yoosuf N, Navarro JF, Salmén F, Ståhl PL, Daub CO. Identification and transfer of spatial transcriptomics signatures for cancer diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:6. [PMID: 31931856 PMCID: PMC6958738 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) regions in clinical biopsies constitutes a diagnostic challenge. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is an in situ capturing method, which allows quantification and visualization of transcriptomes in individual tissue sections. In the past, studies have shown that breast cancer samples can be used to study their transcriptomes with spatial resolution in individual tissue sections. Previously, supervised machine learning methods were used in clinical studies to predict the clinical outcomes for cancer types. METHODS We used four publicly available ST breast cancer datasets from breast tissue sections annotated by pathologists as non-malignant, DCIS, or IDC. We trained and tested a machine learning method (support vector machine) based on the expert annotation as well as based on automatic selection of cell types by their transcriptome profiles. RESULTS We identified expression signatures for expert annotated regions (non-malignant, DCIS, and IDC) and build machine learning models. Classification results for 798 expression signature transcripts showed high coincidence with the expert pathologist annotation for DCIS (100%) and IDC (96%). Extending our analysis to include all 25,179 expressed transcripts resulted in an accuracy of 99% for DCIS and 98% for IDC. Further, classification based on an automatically identified expression signature covering all ST spots of tissue sections resulted in prediction accuracy of 95% for DCIS and 91% for IDC. CONCLUSIONS This concept study suggest that the ST signatures learned from expert selected breast cancer tissue sections can be used to identify breast cancer regions in whole tissue sections including regions not trained on. Furthermore, the identified expression signatures can classify cancer regions in tissue sections not used for training with high accuracy. Expert-generated but even automatically generated cancer signatures from ST data might be able to classify breast cancer regions and provide clinical decision support for pathologists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Yoosuf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - José Fernández Navarro
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Salmén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrik L Ståhl
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten O Daub
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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McMillan J, Lu Z, Rodriguez JS, Ahn TH, Lin Z. YeasTSS: an integrative web database of yeast transcription start sites. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5479513. [PMID: 31032841 PMCID: PMC6484093 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription initiation landscape of eukaryotic genes is complex and highly dynamic. In eukaryotes, genes can generate multiple transcript variants that differ in 5' boundaries due to usages of alternative transcription start sites (TSSs), and the abundance of transcript isoforms are highly variable. Due to a large number and complexity of the TSSs, it is not feasible to depict details of transcript initiation landscape of all genes using text-format genome annotation files. Therefore, it is necessary to provide data visualization of TSSs to represent quantitative TSS maps and the core promoters (CPs). In addition, the selection and activity of TSSs are influenced by various factors, such as transcription factors, chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Thus, integration and visualization of functional genomic data related to these features could provide a better understanding of the gene promoter architecture and regulatory mechanism of transcription initiation. Yeast species play important roles for the research and human society, yet no database provides visualization and integration of functional genomic data in yeast. Here, we generated quantitative TSS maps for 12 important yeast species, inferred their CPs and built a public database, YeasTSS (www.yeastss.org). YeasTSS was designed as a central portal for visualization and integration of the TSS maps, CPs and functional genomic data related to transcription initiation in yeast. YeasTSS is expected to benefit the research community and public education for improving genome annotation, studies of promoter structure, regulated control of transcription initiation and inferring gene regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan McMillan
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, Program in Computer Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhaolian Lu
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Judith S Rodriguez
- Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tae-Hyuk Ahn
- Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Computer Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhenguo Lin
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Rauluseviciute I, Drabløs F, Rye MB. DNA hypermethylation associated with upregulated gene expression in prostate cancer demonstrates the diversity of epigenetic regulation. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:6. [PMID: 31914996 PMCID: PMC6950795 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence rates of cancers in men in western countries. Unlike several other types of cancer, PCa has few genetic drivers, which has led researchers to look for additional epigenetic and transcriptomic contributors to PCa development and progression. Especially datasets on DNA methylation, the most commonly studied epigenetic marker, have recently been measured and analysed in several PCa patient cohorts. DNA methylation is most commonly associated with downregulation of gene expression. However, positive associations of DNA methylation to gene expression have also been reported, suggesting a more diverse mechanism of epigenetic regulation. Such additional complexity could have important implications for understanding prostate cancer development but has not been studied at a genome-wide scale. Results In this study, we have compared three sets of genome-wide single-site DNA methylation data from 870 PCa and normal tissue samples with multi-cohort gene expression data from 1117 samples, including 532 samples where DNA methylation and gene expression have been measured on the exact same samples. Genes were classified according to their corresponding methylation and expression profiles. A large group of hypermethylated genes was robustly associated with increased gene expression (UPUP group) in all three methylation datasets. These genes demonstrated distinct patterns of correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression compared to the genes showing the canonical negative association between methylation and expression (UPDOWN group). This indicates a more diversified role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression than previously appreciated. Moreover, UPUP and UPDOWN genes were associated with different compartments — UPUP genes were related to the structures in nucleus, while UPDOWN genes were linked to extracellular features. Conclusion We identified a robust association between hypermethylation and upregulation of gene expression when comparing samples from prostate cancer and normal tissue. These results challenge the classical view where DNA methylation is always associated with suppression of gene expression, which underlines the importance of considering corresponding expression data when assessing the downstream regulatory effect of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Rauluseviciute
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Beck Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7030, Trondheim, Norway
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Morioka MS, Kawaji H, Nishiyori-Sueki H, Murata M, Kojima-Ishiyama M, Carninci P, Itoh M. Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE): A Quantitative and Genome-Wide Assay of Transcription Start Sites. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2120:277-301. [PMID: 32124327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0327-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is an approach to identify and monitor the activity (transcription initiation frequency) of transcription start sites (TSSs) at single base-pair resolution across the genome. It has been effectively used to identify active promoter and enhancer regions in cancer cells, with potential utility to identify key factors to immunotherapy. Here, we overview a series of CAGE protocols and describe detailed experimental steps of the latest protocol based on the Illumina sequencing platform; both experimental steps (see Subheadings 3.1-3.11) and computational processing steps (see Subheadings 3.12-3.20) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Suimye Morioka
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program (PMI), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishiyori-Sueki
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Murata
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miki Kojima-Ishiyama
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Laboratory for Transcriptome Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program (PMI), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Bon C, Luffarelli R, Russo R, Fortuni S, Pierattini B, Santulli C, Fimiani C, Persichetti F, Cotella D, Mallamaci A, Santoro C, Carninci P, Espinoza S, Testi R, Zucchelli S, Condò I, Gustincich S. SINEUP non-coding RNAs rescue defective frataxin expression and activity in a cellular model of Friedreich's Ataxia. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:10728-10743. [PMID: 31584077 PMCID: PMC6847766 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an untreatable disorder with neuro- and cardio-degenerative progression. This monogenic disease is caused by the hyper-expansion of naturally occurring GAA repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene, encoding for frataxin, a protein implicated in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters. As the genetic defect interferes with FXN transcription, FRDA patients express a normal frataxin protein but at insufficient levels. Thus, current therapeutic strategies are mostly aimed to restore physiological FXN expression. We have previously described SINEUPs, natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs, which promote translation of partially overlapping mRNAs through the activity of an embedded SINEB2 domain. Here, by in vitro screening, we have identified a number of SINEUPs targeting human FXN mRNA and capable to up-regulate frataxin protein to physiological amounts acting at the post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, FXN-specific SINEUPs promote the recovery of disease-associated mitochondrial aconitase defects in FRDA-derived cells. In summary, we provide evidence that SINEUPs may be the first gene-specific therapeutic approach to activate FXN translation in FRDA and, more broadly, a novel scalable platform to develop new RNA-based therapies for haploinsufficient diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Bon
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
| | - Riccardo Luffarelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
| | - Silvia Fortuni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Pierattini
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
| | - Chiara Santulli
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
| | - Cristina Fimiani
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
| | - Francesca Persichetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Antonello Mallamaci
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Stefano Espinoza
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Testi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchelli
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Ivano Condò
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genova, Italy
- Area of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Italy
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48
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Reichhardt MP, Lundin K, Lokki AI, Recher G, Vuoristo S, Katayama S, Tapanainen JS, Kere J, Meri S, Tuuri T. Complement in Human Pre-implantation Embryos: Attack and Defense. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2234. [PMID: 31620138 PMCID: PMC6759579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential for early human life that mucosal immunological responses to developing embryos are tightly regulated. An imbalance of the complement system is a common feature of pregnancy complications. We hereby present the first full analysis of the expression and deposition of complement molecules in human pre-implantation embryos. Thus, far, immunological imbalance has been considered in stages of pregnancy following implantation. We here show that complement activation against developing human embryos takes place already at the pre-implantation stage. Using confocal microscopy, we observed deposition of activation products on healthy developing embryos, which highlights the need for strict complement regulation. We show that embryos express complement membrane inhibitors and bind soluble regulators. These findings show that mucosal complement targets human embryos, and indicate potential adverse pregnancy outcomes, if regulation of activation fails. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed cellular expression of complement activators. This shows that the embryonic cells themselves have the capacity to express and activate C3 and C5. The specific local embryonic expression of complement components, regulators, and deposition of activation products on the surface of embryos suggests that complement has immunoregulatory functions and furthermore may impact cellular homeostasis and differentiation at the earliest stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Reichhardt
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karolina Lundin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Inkeri Lokki
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gaëlle Recher
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Sanna Vuoristo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Espinoza S, Scarpato M, Damiani D, Managò F, Mereu M, Contestabile A, Peruzzo O, Carninci P, Santoro C, Papaleo F, Mingozzi F, Ronzitti G, Zucchelli S, Gustincich S. SINEUP Non-coding RNA Targeting GDNF Rescues Motor Deficits and Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Ther 2019; 28:642-652. [PMID: 31495777 PMCID: PMC7000958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a potent action in promoting the survival of dopamine (DA) neurons. Several studies indicate that increasing GDNF levels may be beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by reducing neurodegeneration of DA neurons. Despite a plethora of preclinical studies showing GDNF efficacy in PD animal models, its application in humans remains questionable for its poor efficacy and side effects due to its uncontrolled, ectopic expression. Here we took advantage of SINEUPs, a new class of antisense long non-coding RNA, that promote translation of partially overlapping sense protein-coding mRNAs with no effects on their mRNA levels. By synthesizing a SINEUP targeting Gdnf mRNA, we were able to increase endogenous GDNF protein levels by about 2-fold. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)9-mediated delivery in the striatum of wild-type (WT) mice led to an increase of endogenous GDNF protein for at least 6 months and the potentiation of the DA system’s functions while showing no side effects. Furthermore, SINEUP-GDNF was able to ameliorate motor deficits and neurodegeneration of DA neurons in a PD neurochemical mouse model. Our data indicate that SINEUP-GDNF could represent a new strategy to increase endogenous GDNF protein levels in a more physiological manner for therapeutic treatments of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Espinoza
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Margherita Scarpato
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Devid Damiani
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Managò
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mereu
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Largo Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Contestabile
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Omar Peruzzo
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- INTEGRARE, Genethon, Inserm, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Silvia Zucchelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy; Area of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale degli Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Central RNA Laboratory and Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16263 Genova, Italy.
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50
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Smirnova VV, Shestakova ED, Bikmetov DV, Chugunova AA, Osterman IA, Serebryakova MV, Sergeeva OV, Zatsepin TS, Shatsky IN, Terenin IM. eIF4G2 balances its own mRNA translation via a PCBP2-based feedback loop. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 25:757-767. [PMID: 31010886 PMCID: PMC6573783 DOI: 10.1261/rna.065623.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(rC)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2, hnRNP E2) is one of the most abundant RNA-binding proteins in mammalian cells. In humans, it exists in seven isoforms, which are assumed to play similar roles in cells. The protein is shown to bind 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of many mRNAs and regulate their translation and/or stability, but nothing is known about the functional consequences of PCBP2 binding to 5'-UTRs. Here we show that the PCBP2 isoform f interacts with the 5'-UTRs of mRNAs encoding eIF4G2 (a translation initiation factor with a yet unknown mechanism of action, also known as DAP5) and Cyclin I, and inhibits their translation in vitro and in cultured cells, while the PCBP2 isoform e only affects Cyclin I translation. Furthermore, eIF4G2 participates in a cap-dependent translation of the PCBP2 mRNA. Thus, PCBP2 and eIF4G2 seem to regulate one another's expression via a novel type of feedback loop formed by the translation initiation factor and the RNA-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Smirnova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina D Shestakova
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Bikmetov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Chugunova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143026, Russia
| | - Ilya A Osterman
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143026, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Olga V Sergeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143026, Russia
| | - Timofey S Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143026, Russia
| | - Ivan N Shatsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ilya M Terenin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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