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Wang Q, Zhang C, Wang C, Qian Y, Li Z, Hong J, Zhou X. Further characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and its synergistic interaction with Sugarcane mosaic virus in maize. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39960. [PMID: 28059116 PMCID: PMC5216416 DOI: 10.1038/srep39960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) was first reported in maize in China in 2009. In this study we further analyzed the epidemiology of MCMV and corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND) in China. We determined that CLND observed in China was caused by co-infection of MCMV and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Phylogenetic analysis using four full-length MCMV cDNA sequences obtained in this study and the available MCMV sequences retrieved from GenBank indicated that Chinese MCMV isolates were derived from the same source. To screen for maize germplasm resistance against MCMV infection, we constructed an infectious clone of MCMV isolate YN2 (pMCMV) and developed an Agrobacterium-mediated injection procedure to allow high throughput inoculations of maize with the MCMV infectious clone. Electron microscopy showed that chloroplast photosynthesis in leaves was significantly impeded by the co-infection of MCMV and SCMV. Mitochondria in the MCMV and SCMV co-infected cells were more severely damaged than in MCMV-infected cells. The results of this study provide further insight into the epidemiology of MCMV in China and shed new light on physiological and cytopathological changes related to CLND in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
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Wang R, Yang X, Wang N, Liu X, Nelson RS, Li W, Fan Z, Zhou T. An efficient virus-induced gene silencing vector for maize functional genomics research. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:102-15. [PMID: 26921244 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Maize is a major crop whose rich genetic diversity provides an advanced resource for genetic research. However, a tool for rapid transient gene function analysis in maize that may be utilized in most maize cultivars has been lacking, resulting in reliance on time-consuming stable transformation and mutation studies to obtain answers. We developed an efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for maize based on a naturally maize-infecting cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, ZMBJ-CMV. An infectious clone of ZMBJ-CMV was constructed, and a vascular puncture inoculation method utilizing Agrobacterium was optimized to improve its utility for CMV infection of maize. ZMBJ-CMV was then modified to function as a VIGS vector. The ZMBJ-CMV vector induced mild to moderate symptoms in many maize lines, making it useful for gene function studies in critically important maize cultivars, such as the sequenced reference inbred line B73. Using this CMV VIGS system, expression of two endogenous genes, ZmPDS and ZmIspH, was found to be decreased by 75% and 78%, respectively, compared with non-silenced tissue. Inserts with lengths of 100-300 bp produced the most complete transcriptional and visual silencing phenotypes. Moreover, genes related to autophagy, ZmATG3 and ZmATG8a, were also silenced, and it was found that they function in leaf starch degradation. These results indicate that our ZMBJ-CMV VIGS vector provides a tool for rapid and efficient gene function studies in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuedong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Richard S Nelson
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Limitations observed in the use of agroinoculation for geminivirus research. Virus Genes 2008; 37:434-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zaitlin M, Palukaitis P. Advances in Understanding Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2000; 38:117-143. [PMID: 11701839 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.38.1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
▪ Abstract Plant viruses have had an impact on the science of virology and on plant pathology ever since the virus concept was discovered with Tobacco mosaic virus at the end of the nineteenth century. In this review, we highlight those discoveries. We have divided plant virus research into a "Classical Discovery Period" from 1883-1951 in which the findings were very descriptive; an "Early Molecular Era" from 1952 to about 1983, in which information was developed that described further properties of the viruses, aided by the development of a number of salient techniques; and the "Recent Period" from 1983 to the present, when techniques have been developed to modify plant virus genomes, to detect nonstructural gene products, to determine the functions of viral gene products, and to transform plants to elicit novel forms of resistance to viral diseases. In this period, plant virology has played a significant role in formulating an understanding of the mechanisms of gene silencing and recombination, plasmodesmatal function, systemic acquired resistance, and in developing methods for pathogen detection. We also attempt to predict the direction plant virology will take in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Zaitlin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; e-mail:
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Pathology Division, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom; e-mail:
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Methods of Genetic Transformation: Agrobacterium tumefaciens. MOLECULAR IMPROVEMENT OF CEREAL CROPS 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4802-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bravo-Angel AM, Becker HA, Kunze R, Hohn B, Shen WH. The binding motifs for Ac transposase are absolutely required for excision of Ds1 in maize. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1995; 248:527-34. [PMID: 7476851 DOI: 10.1007/bf02423447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A reverse genetic system for studying excision of the transposable element Ds1 in maize plants has been established previously. In this system, the Ds1 element, as part of the genome of maize streak virus (MSV), is introduced into maize plants via agroinfection. In the presence of the Ac element, excision of Ds1 from the MSV genome results in the appearance of viral symptoms on the maize plants. Here, we used this system to study DNA sequences required in cis for excision of Ds1. The Ds1 element contains the Ac transposase binding motif AAACGG in only one of its subterminal regions (defined here as the 5' subterminal region). We showed that mutation of these motifs abolished completely the excision capacity of Ds1. This is the first direct demonstration that the transposase binding motifs are essential for excision. Mutagenesis with oligonucleotide insertions in the other (3') subterminal region resulted in elements with either a reduced or an increased excision efficiency, indicating that this subterminal region also has an important function.
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Fang Chen D, Dale PJ. A comparison of methods for delivering DNA to wheat: the application of wheat dwarf virus DNA to seeds with exposed apical meristems. Transgenic Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02513026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Maize streak virus (MSV) is a leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus containing one molecule of circular single-stranded DNA of about 2.7 kb. We have tested the infectivity of MSV mutants. A deletion of 29 bases in the small intergenic region (SIR) did not affect the infectivity of MSV. Mutants containing insertions of oligonucleotides of up to 32 bases at the AsnI site in SIR were also infectious. However, the infection efficiency of the insertion mutants decreased as the size of the oligonucleotides increased. This reduced virulence may be due to a decreased efficiency of 3'-end formation of the complementary sense mRNA(s). The stability of MSV mutants in infected maize plants was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some oligonucleotide-insertion mutants were completely stable while others obtained deletions. Infectivity of the mutants, however, did not require deletion formation. Deletion rearrangement was shown to be dependent on the sequence of the inserted oligonucleotide. The AsnI site is the only site known to permit insertion of nonviral DNA without abolishing MSV infectivity. The system described may allow the use of MSV as a delivery vector to introduce at least small segments of DNA into maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Shen
- Friedrich Miescher-Institut, Basel, Switzerland
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Grimsley N, Hohn B, Ramos C, Kado C, Rogowsky P. DNA transfer from Agrobacterium to Zea mays or Brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1989; 217:309-16. [PMID: 2770696 DOI: 10.1007/bf02464898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium, to the non-host graminaceous monocotyle-donous plant Zea mays, was analysed using the recently developed technique of agroinfection. Agroinfection of Z. mays with maize streak virus using strains of A. tumefaciens carrying mutations in the pTiC58 virulence region showed an almost absolute dependence on the products of the bacterial virC genes. In contrast, agroinfection of the control host Brassica rapa with cauliflower mosaic virus was less dependent on the virC gene products. In other respects, the basic mechanism of the plant-bacterium interaction was found to be similar. While intact virA, B, D and G functions were absolutely necessary, mutants in virE were attenuated. Agroinfection of maize was effective in the absence of an exogenously supplied vir gene inducer, and indeed wounded Z. mays tissues were found to produce substance(s) which induced the expression of A. tumefaciens vir genes. These findings are discussed in the light of current knowledge about the function of Agrobacterium vir genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grimsley
- Friedrich Miescher-Institut, Basel, Switzerland
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