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Zhou L, Na J, Liu X, Wu P. Chromophore-Assisted Light Inactivation for Protein Degradation and Its Application in Biomedicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:651. [PMID: 39061733 PMCID: PMC11273424 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional investigation of proteins holds immense significance in unraveling physiological and pathological mechanisms of organisms as well as advancing the development of novel pharmaceuticals in biomedicine. However, the study of cellular protein function using conventional genetic manipulation methods may yield unpredictable outcomes and erroneous conclusions. Therefore, precise modulation of protein activity within cells holds immense significance in the realm of biomedical research. Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a technique that labels photosensitizers onto target proteins and induces the production of reactive oxygen species through light control to achieve precise inactivation of target proteins. Based on the type and characteristics of photosensitizers, different excitation light sources and labeling methods are selected. For instance, KillerRed forms a fusion protein with the target protein through genetic engineering for labeling and inactivates the target protein via light activation. CALI is presently predominantly employed in diverse biomedical domains encompassing investigations into protein functionality and interaction, intercellular signal transduction research, as well as cancer exploration and therapy. With the continuous advancement of CALI technology, it is anticipated to emerge as a formidable instrument in the realm of life sciences, yielding more captivating outcomes for fundamental life sciences and precise disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvjia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (L.Z.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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2
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Minoshima M, Reja SI, Hashimoto R, Iijima K, Kikuchi K. Hybrid Small-Molecule/Protein Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6198-6270. [PMID: 38717865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing protein localization and function in living cells. These hybrid probes are constructed by diverse site-specific chemical protein labeling approaches through chemical reactions to exogenous peptide/small protein tags, enzymatic post-translational modifications, bioorthogonal reactions for genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids, and ligand-directed chemical reactions. The hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are employed for imaging protein trafficking, conformational changes, and bioanalytes surrounding proteins. In addition, fluorescent hybrid probes facilitate visualization of protein dynamics at the single-molecule level and the defined structure with super-resolution imaging. In this review, we discuss development and the bioimaging applications of fluorescent probes based on small-molecule/protein hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Minoshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Shahi Imam Reja
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Ryu Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kohei Iijima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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3
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Kodadek T. Catalytic Protein Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316726. [PMID: 38064411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Many of the highest priority targets in a wide range of disease states are difficult-to-drug proteins. The development of reversible small molecule inhibitors for the active sites of these proteins with sufficient affinity and residence time on-target is an enormous challenge. This has engendered interest in strategies to increase the potency of a given protein inhibitor by routes other than further improvement in gross affinity. Amongst these, the development of catalytic protein inhibitors has garnered the most attention and investment, particularly with respect to protein degraders, which catalyze the destruction of the target protein. This article discusses the genesis of the burgeoning field of catalytic inhibitors, the current state of the art, and exciting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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4
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Agiba AM, Arreola-Ramírez JL, Carbajal V, Segura-Medina P. Light-Responsive and Dual-Targeting Liposomes: From Mechanisms to Targeting Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:636. [PMID: 38338380 PMCID: PMC10856102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocarriers have played an ever-increasing role in clinical and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties and surface functionalities. Lately, much effort has been directed towards the development of smart, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that are capable of releasing their cargos in response to specific stimuli. These intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be further surface-functionalized so as to achieve active tumor targeting in a sequential manner, which can be simply modulated by the stimuli. By applying this methodological approach, these intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be directed to different target-specific organs, tissues, or cells and exhibit on-demand controlled drug release that may enhance therapeutic effectiveness and reduce systemic toxicity. Light, an external stimulus, is one of the most promising triggers for use in nanomedicine to stimulate on-demand drug release from nanocarriers. Light-triggered drug release can be achieved through light irradiation at different wavelengths, either in the UV, visible, or even NIR region, depending on the photophysical properties of the photo-responsive molecule embedded in the nanocarrier system, the structural characteristics, and the material composition of the nanocarrier system. In this review, we highlighted the emerging functional role of light in nanocarriers, with an emphasis on light-responsive liposomes and dual-targeted stimuli-responsive liposomes. Moreover, we provided the most up-to-date photo-triggered targeting strategies and mechanisms of light-triggered drug release from liposomes and NIR-responsive nanocarriers. Lastly, we addressed the current challenges, advances, and future perspectives for the deployment of light-responsive liposomes in targeted drug delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Agiba
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Arreola-Ramírez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.L.A.-R.); (V.C.)
| | - Verónica Carbajal
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.L.A.-R.); (V.C.)
| | - Patricia Segura-Medina
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.L.A.-R.); (V.C.)
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
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5
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Liang P, Zhang Y, Schmidt BF, Ballou B, Qian W, Dong Z, Wu J, Wang L, Bruchez MP, Dong X. Esterase-Activated, pH-Responsive, and Genetically Targetable Nano-Prodrug for Cancer Cell Photo-Ablation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207535. [PMID: 36807550 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Activatable prodrugs have drawn considerable attention for cancer cell ablation owing to their high specificity in drug delivery systems. However, phototheranostic prodrugs with dual organelle-targeting and synergistic effects are still rare due to low intelligence of their structures. Besides, the cell membrane, exocytosis, and diffusional hindrance by the extracellular matrix reduce drug uptake. Moreover, the up-regulation of heat shock protein and short singlet-oxygen lifetime in cancer cells hamper photo-ablation efficacy, especially in the mono-therapeutic model. To overcome those obstacles, we prepare an esterase-activated DM nano-prodrug, which is conjugated by diiodine-substituted fluorogenic malachite green derivative (MG-2I) and phototherapeutic agent DPP-OH via hydrolyzable ester linkage, having pH-responsiveness and genetically targetable activity for dual organelles-targeting to optimize photo-ablation efficacy. The DM nanoparticles (NPs) present improved pH-responsive photothermal/photodynamic property by the protonation of diethylaminophenyl units in acidic environment. More importantly, the MG-2I and DPP-OH moieties can be released from DM nano-prodrug through overexpressed esterase; then specifically target lysosomes and mitochondria in CT-26 Mito-FAP cells. Hence, near-infrared DM NPs can trigger parallel damage in dual-organelles with strong fluorescence and effective phototoxicity, thus inducing serious mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic death, showing excellent photo-ablation effect based on esterase-activated, pH-responsive, and genetically targetable activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Brigitte F Schmidt
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Byron Ballou
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ziyi Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of general surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230002, China
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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6
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Wee LM, Tong AB, Florez Ariza AJ, Cañari-Chumpitaz C, Grob P, Nogales E, Bustamante CJ. A trailing ribosome speeds up RNA polymerase at the expense of transcript fidelity via force and allostery. Cell 2023; 186:1244-1262.e34. [PMID: 36931247 PMCID: PMC10135430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
In prokaryotes, translation can occur on mRNA that is being transcribed in a process called coupling. How the ribosome affects the RNA polymerase (RNAP) during coupling is not well understood. Here, we reconstituted the E. coli coupling system and demonstrated that the ribosome can prevent pausing and termination of RNAP and double the overall transcription rate at the expense of fidelity. Moreover, we monitored single RNAPs coupled to ribosomes and show that coupling increases the pause-free velocity of the polymerase and that a mechanical assisting force is sufficient to explain the majority of the effects of coupling. Also, by cryo-EM, we observed that RNAPs with a terminal mismatch adopt a backtracked conformation, while a coupled ribosome allosterically induces these polymerases toward a catalytically active anti-swiveled state. Finally, we demonstrate that prolonged RNAP pausing is detrimental to cell viability, which could be prevented by polymerase reactivation through a coupled ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Meng Wee
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander B Tong
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Jose Florez Ariza
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cristhian Cañari-Chumpitaz
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Grob
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Carlos J Bustamante
- QB3-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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7
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Characterising ion channel structure and dynamics using fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1427-1445. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels undergo major conformational changes that lead to channel opening and ion conductance. Deciphering these structure-function relationships is paramount to understanding channel physiology and pathophysiology. Cryo-electron microscopy, crystallography and computer modelling provide atomic-scale snapshots of channel conformations in non-cellular environments but lack dynamic information that can be linked to functional results. Biophysical techniques such as electrophysiology, on the other hand, provide functional data with no structural information of the processes involved. Fluorescence spectroscopy techniques help bridge this gap in simultaneously obtaining structure-function correlates. These include voltage-clamp fluorometry, Förster resonance energy transfer, ligand binding assays, single molecule fluorescence and their variations. These techniques can be employed to unearth several features of ion channel behaviour. For instance, they provide real time information on local and global rearrangements that are inherent to channel properties. They also lend insights in trafficking, expression, and assembly of ion channels on the membrane surface. These methods have the advantage that they can be carried out in either native or heterologous systems. In this review, we briefly explain the principles of fluorescence and how these have been translated to study ion channel function. We also report several recent advances in fluorescence spectroscopy that has helped address and improve our understanding of the biophysical behaviours of different ion channel families.
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8
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Liu S, Zhao X, Shui S, Wang B, Cui Y, Dong S, Yuwen T, Liu G. PDTAC: Targeted Photodegradation of GPX4 Triggers Ferroptosis and Potent Antitumor Immunity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12176-12187. [PMID: 36066386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeted degradation of proteins, especially those regarded as undruggable or difficult to drug, attracts wide attention to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the key enzyme regulating ferroptosis, is currently a target with just covalent inhibitors. Here, we developed a targeted photolysis approach and achieved efficient degradation of GPX4. The photodegradation-targeting chimeras (PDTACs) were synthesized by conjugating a clinically approved photosensitizer (verteporfin) to noninhibitory GPX4-targeting peptides. These chimeras selectively degraded the target protein in both cell lysates and living cells upon red-light irradiation. The targeted photolysis of GPX4 resulted in dominant ferroptotic cell death in malignant cancer cells. Moreover, the dying cells resulting from the PDTACs exhibited potent immunogenicity in vitro and efficiently elicited antitumor immunity in vivo. Our approach therefore provides a novel method to induce GPX4 dysfunction based on noncovalent binding and specifically trigger immunogenic ferroptosis, which may boost the application of ferroptosis in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sufang Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tairan Yuwen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Guo Y, Yan R, Wang X, Liang G, Yang A, Li J. Near-Infrared Light-Controlled Activation of Adhesive Peptides Regulates Cell Adhesion and Multidifferentiation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells on an Up-Conversion Substrate. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2293-2302. [PMID: 35238578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion and differentiation can be regulated through material engineering, but current methods have low temporal and spatial accuracy to control invivo. Here, we developed an up-conversion nanoparticle (UCNP) substrate to regulate cell adhesion and multidifferentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by near-infrared (NIR) light. First, the cell-adhesive peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was conjugated on the surface of UCNPs, and the photocleavage 4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid (ONA) was connected to RGD. Then, the photoactivated UCNPs were linked to cover glass to form UCNP-substrate. Under the NIR, the up-convert UV from UCNPs triggered the release of ONA and exposed RGD to change the cell-matrix interactions dynamically for cell adhesion and spreading. Moreover, MSCs cultured on UCNP-substrate could be specifically induced to multidifferentiate adipocytes or osteoblasts via different power and periods of NIR irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Our work demonstrates a new way to control cell adhesion and multidifferentiation by light for regeneration medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rui Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xichao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guohai Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Anli Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jinming Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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10
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Aerssens D, Cadoni E, Tack L, Madder A. A Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen ( 1O 2) Toolbox for Bio-Organic Applications: Tailoring 1O 2 Generation for DNA and Protein Labelling, Targeting and Biosensing. Molecules 2022; 27:778. [PMID: 35164045 PMCID: PMC8838016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the excited state of ground, triplet state, molecular oxygen (O2). Photosensitized 1O2 has been extensively studied as one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), responsible for damage of cellular components (protein, DNA, lipids). On the other hand, its generation has been exploited in organic synthesis, as well as in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of various forms of cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the versatility of 1O2, discussing the main bioorganic applications reported over the past decades, which rely on its production. After a brief introduction on the photosensitized production of 1O2, we will describe the main aspects involving the biologically relevant damage that can accompany an uncontrolled, aspecific generation of this ROS. We then discuss in more detail a series of biological applications featuring 1O2 generation, including protein and DNA labelling, cross-linking and biosensing. Finally, we will highlight the methodologies available to tailor 1O2 generation, in order to accomplish the proposed bioorganic transformations while avoiding, at the same time, collateral damage related to an untamed production of this reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (D.A.); (E.C.); (L.T.)
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11
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Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Photodynamic treatment of pathogens. LA RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO 2022; 45:407-459. [PMCID: PMC8921710 DOI: 10.1007/s40766-022-00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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12
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Mizuta Y. Advances in Two-Photon Imaging in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1224-1230. [PMID: 34019083 PMCID: PMC8579158 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Live and deep imaging play a significant role in the physiological and biological study of organisms. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM), also known as multiphoton excitation microscopy, is a fluorescent imaging technique that allows deep imaging of living tissues. Two-photon lasers use near-infrared (NIR) pulse lasers that are less invasive and permit deep tissue penetration. In this review, recent advances in two-photon imaging and their applications in plant studies are discussed. Compared to confocal microscopy, NIR 2PEM exhibits reduced plant-specific autofluorescence, thereby achieving greater depth and high-resolution imaging in plant tissues. Fluorescent proteins with long emission wavelengths, such as orange-red fluorescent proteins, are particularly suitable for two-photon live imaging in plants. Furthermore, deep- and high-resolution imaging was achieved using plant-specific clearing methods. In addition to imaging, optical cell manipulations can be performed using femtosecond pulsed lasers at the single cell or organelle level. Optical surgery and manipulation can reveal cellular communication during development. Advances in in vivo imaging using 2PEM will greatly benefit biological studies in plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Pomorski A, Krężel A. Biarsenical fluorescent probes for multifunctional site-specific modification of proteins applicable in life sciences: an overview and future outlook. Metallomics 2021; 12:1179-1207. [PMID: 32658234 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent modification of proteins of interest (POI) in living cells is desired to study their behaviour and functions in their natural environment. In a perfect setting it should be easy to perform, inexpensive, efficient and site-selective. Although multiple chemical and biological methods have been developed, only a few of them are applicable for cellular studies thanks to their appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One such successful system is a tetracysteine tag/motif and its selective biarsenical binders (e.g. FlAsH and ReAsH). Since its discovery in 1998 by Tsien and co-workers, this method has been enhanced and revolutionized in terms of its efficiency, formed complex stability and breadth of application. Here, we overview the whole field of knowledge, while placing most emphasis on recent reports. We showcase the improvements of classical biarsenical probes with various optical properties as well as multifunctional molecules that add new characteristics to proteins. We also present the evolution of affinity tags and motifs of biarsenical probes demonstrating much more possibilities in cellular applications. We summarize protocols and reported observations so both beginners and advanced users of biarsenical probes can troubleshoot their experiments. We address the concerns regarding the safety of biarsenical probe application. We showcase examples in virology, studies on receptors or amyloid aggregation, where application of biarsenical probes allowed observations that previously were not possible. We provide a summary of current applications ranging from bioanalytical sciences to allosteric control of selected proteins. Finally, we present an outlook to encourage more researchers to use these magnificent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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14
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Wavreil FDM, Poon J, Wessel GM, Yajima M. Light-induced, spatiotemporal control of protein in the developing embryo of the sea urchin. Dev Biol 2021; 478:13-24. [PMID: 34147471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Differential protein regulation is a critical biological process that regulates cellular activity and controls cell fate determination. It is especially important during early embryogenesis when post-transcriptional events predominate differential fate specification in many organisms. Light-induced approaches have been a powerful technology to interrogate protein functions with temporal and spatial precision, even at subcellular levels within a cell by controlling laser irradiation on the confocal microscope. However, application and efficacy of these tools need to be tested for each model system or for the cell type of interest because of the complex nature of each system. Here, we introduce two types of light-induced approaches to track and control proteins at a subcellular level in the developing embryo of the sea urchin. We found that the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Kaede is highly efficient to distinguish pre-existing and newly synthesized proteins with no apparent phototoxicity, even when interrogating proteins associated with the mitotic spindle. Further, chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) using miniSOG successfully inactivated target proteins of interest in the vegetal cortex and selectively delayed or inhibited asymmetric cell division. Overall, these light-induced manipulations serve as important molecular tools to identify protein function for for subcellular interrogations in developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence D M Wavreil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jessica Poon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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15
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Micheletto MC, Guidelli ÉJ, Costa-Filho AJ. Interaction of Genetically Encoded Photosensitizers with Scintillating Nanoparticles for X-ray Activated Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2289-2302. [PMID: 33405500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications are limited by the low penetration of UV-visible light into biological tissues. Considering X-rays as an alternative to excite photosensitizers (PS) in a deeper tumor, an intermediate particle able to convert the X-ray energy into visible light (scintillating nanoparticle, ScNP) is necessary. Moreover, accumulation of PS in the target cells is also required. Genetically encoded proteins could be used as a photosensitizer, allowing the exclusive expression of PS inside the tumor cells. Here, the interaction of eGFP, KillerOrange, and KillerRed proteins with LaF3:Tb3+ ScNP was investigated, for the first time, in terms of its physicochemical and energy transfer properties. The protein structure, stability, and function were evaluated upon adverse physiological conditions and X-ray irradiation. Optimal parameters for energy transfer from ScNP to the proteins were investigated, paving the way for the use of genetically encoded photosensitizers for applications in X-ray activated photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Micheletto
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Éder J Guidelli
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
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16
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Genetically Encoded Photosensitizer for Destruction of Protein or Cell Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1293:265-279. [PMID: 33398819 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are several paths when excited molecules return to the ground state. In the case of fluorescent molecules, the dominant path is fluorescence emission that is greatly contributing to bioimaging. Meanwhile, photosensitizers transfer electron or energy from chromophore to the surrounding molecules, including molecular oxygen. Generated reactive oxygen species has potency to attack other molecules by oxidation. In this chapter, we introduce the chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) method using a photosensitizer to inactivate proteins in a spatiotemporal manner and development of CALI tools, which is useful for investigation of protein functions and dynamics, by inactivation of the target molecules. Moreover, photosensitizers with high efficiency make it possible optogenetic control of cell ablation in living organisms and photodynamic therapy. Further development of photosensitizers with different excitation wavelengths will contribute to the investigation of multiple proteins or cell functions through inactivation in the different positions and timings.
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17
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Shah N, Zhou L. Regulation of Ion Channel Function by Gas Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:139-164. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Das S, Tiwari M, Mondal D, Sahoo BR, Tiwari DK. Growing tool-kit of photosensitizers for clinical and non-clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10897-10940. [PMID: 33165483 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers are photosensitive molecules utilized in clinical and non-clinical applications by taking advantage of light-mediated reactive oxygen generation, which triggers local and systemic cellular toxicity. Photosensitizers are used for diverse biological applications such as spatio-temporal inactivation of a protein in a living system by chromophore-assisted light inactivation, localized cell photoablation, photodynamic and immuno-photodynamic therapy, and correlative light-electron microscopy imaging. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several genetically encoded, chemically synthesized, and nanotechnologically driven photosensitizers for successful implementation in redox biology applications. Genetically encoded photosensitizers (GEPS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating proteins have the advantage of using them in the living system since they can be manipulated by genetic engineering with a variety of target-specific genes for the precise spatio-temporal control of ROS generation. The GEPS variety is limited but is expanding with a variety of newly emerging GEPS proteins. Apart from GEPS, a large variety of chemically- and nanotechnologically-empowered photosensitizers have been developed with a major focus on photodynamic therapy-based cancer treatment alone or in combination with pre-existing treatment methods. Recently, immuno-photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective cancer treatment method using smartly designed photosensitizers to initiate and engage the patient's immune system so as to empower the photosensitizing effect. In this review, we have discussed various types of photosensitizers, their clinical and non-clinical applications, and implementation toward intelligent efficacy, ROS efficiency, and target specificity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Environment, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India.
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19
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Binns TC, Ayala AX, Grimm JB, Tkachuk AN, Castillon GA, Phan S, Zhang L, Brown TA, Liu Z, Adams SR, Ellisman MH, Koyama M, Lavis LD. Rational Design of Bioavailable Photosensitizers for Manipulation and Imaging of Biological Systems. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1063-1072.e7. [PMID: 32698018 PMCID: PMC7483975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Light-mediated chemical reactions are powerful methods for manipulating and interrogating biological systems. Photosensitizers, compounds that generate reactive oxygen species upon excitation with light, can be utilized for numerous biological experiments, but the repertoire of bioavailable photosensitizers is limited. Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and utility of two photosensitizers based upon the widely used rhodamine scaffold and demonstrate their efficacy for chromophore-assisted light inactivation, cell ablation in culture and in vivo, and photopolymerization of diaminobenzidine for electron microscopy. These chemical tools will facilitate a broad range of applications spanning from targeted destruction of proteins to high-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Binns
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Graduate School, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Anthony X Ayala
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Ariana N Tkachuk
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Guillaume A Castillon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sebastien Phan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Timothy A Brown
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Minoru Koyama
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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20
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Paoletti P, Ellis-Davies GCR, Mourot A. Optical control of neuronal ion channels and receptors. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 20:514-532. [PMID: 31289380 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-controllable tools provide powerful means to manipulate and interrogate brain function with relatively low invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision. Although optogenetic approaches permit neuronal excitation or inhibition at the network level, other technologies, such as optopharmacology (also known as photopharmacology) have emerged that provide molecular-level control by endowing light sensitivity to endogenous biomolecules. In this Review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of photocontrolling native neuronal signalling pathways, focusing on ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. We describe existing strategies for rendering receptors and channels light sensitive and provide an overview of the neuroscientific insights gained from such approaches. At the crossroads of chemistry, protein engineering and neuroscience, optopharmacology offers great potential for understanding the molecular basis of brain function and behaviour, with promises for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Mourot
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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21
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Wu S, Zhou R, Chen H, Zhang J, Wu P. Highly efficient oxygen photosensitization of carbon dots: the role of nitrogen doping. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5543-5553. [PMID: 32091517 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10986b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of nitrogen doping in the highly efficient oxygen photosensitization of carbon dots is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Analytical & Testing Center
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Analytical & Testing Center
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22
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Chiba M, Kamiya M, Tsuda-Sakurai K, Fujisawa Y, Kosakamoto H, Kojima R, Miura M, Urano Y. Activatable Photosensitizer for Targeted Ablation of lacZ-Positive Cells with Single-Cell Resolution. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1676-1681. [PMID: 31660435 PMCID: PMC6813548 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To achieve highly selective ablation of lacZ-positive cells in a biological milieu in vivo, we developed an activatable photosensitizer, SPiDER-killer-βGal, targeted to β-galactosidase encoded by the lacZ reporter gene. Hydrolysis of SPiDER-killer-βGal by β-galactosidase simultaneously activates both its photosensitizing ability and its reactivity to nucleophiles, so that the phototoxic products generated by light irradiation are trapped inside the lacZ-positive cells. The combination of SPiDER-killer-βGal and light irradiation specifically killed lacZ-positive cells in coculture with cells without lacZ expression. Furthermore, β-galactosidase-expressing cells in the posterior region of cultured Drosophila wing discs and in pupal notum of live Drosophila pupae were selectively killed with single-cell resolution. This photosensitizer should be useful for specific ablation of targeted cells in living organisms, for example, to investigate cellular functions in complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Chiba
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- E-mail:
| | - Kayoko Tsuda-Sakurai
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujisawa
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate
School of Medicine and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- E-mail:
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23
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Trauner D, Morstein J. Fixing a Photosensitizer Unlocks and Localizes Its Lethality. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1636-1638. [PMID: 31660430 PMCID: PMC6813549 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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24
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Rahmanzadeh R, Rudnitzki F, Hüttmann G. Two ways to inactivate the Ki-67 protein-Fragmentation by nanoparticles, crosslinking with fluorescent dyes. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800460. [PMID: 31251462 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light can manipulate molecular biological processes with high spatial and temporal precision and optical manipulation has become increasingly popular during the last years. In combination with absorbing dyes or gold nanoparticles light is a valuable tool for cell and protein inactivation with high precision. Here we show distinct differences in the underlying mechanisms whether gold nanoparticles or fluorescent dyes are used for the inactivation of the Ki-67 protein. The proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 was addressed by the antibody MIB-1. In vitro studies showed a fragmentation of the Ki-67 protein after laser irradiation of 15 nm gold nanoparticle antibody conjugates with nanosecond pulsed laser, while continuous wave (cw) irradiation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)- and Alexa 488-labeled antibodies led to specific crosslinking of Ki-67. The irradiation energy for the gold nanoparticles was above cavitation bubble formation threshold. We observed a fragmentation of the target protein and also of the gold particles. The understanding of the underlying inactivation mechanisms is important for the application and further development of these two techniques, which can harness nanotechnology to introduce molecular selectivity to biological systems.
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25
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Shi X, Zhang CY, Gao J, Wang Z. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy for cancer and infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1560. [PMID: 31058443 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.v11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment by combining light and a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cellular damage, and is used to treat cancer and infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in design of new photosensitizers for increased production of ROS and in genetic engineering of biological photosensitizers to study cellular signaling pathways. A new concept has been proposed that PDT-induced acute inflammation can mediate neutrophil infiltration to deliver therapeutics in deep tumor tissues. Combination of PDT and immunotherapies (neutrophil-mediated therapeutic delivery) has shown the promising translation of PDT for cancer therapies. Furthermore, a new area in PDT is to treat bacterial infections to overcome the antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we have discussed the new directions of PDT for therapies of cancer and infectious diseases. In summary, we believe that rational design and innovations in nanomaterials may have a great impact on translation of PDT in cancer and infectious diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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26
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Shi X, Zhang CY, Gao J, Wang Z. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy for cancer and infectious diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1560. [PMID: 31058443 PMCID: PMC6697192 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment by combining light and a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cellular damage, and is used to treat cancer and infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in design of new photosensitizers for increased production of ROS and in genetic engineering of biological photosensitizers to study cellular signaling pathways. A new concept has been proposed that PDT-induced acute inflammation can mediate neutrophil infiltration to deliver therapeutics in deep tumor tissues. Combination of PDT and immunotherapies (neutrophil-mediated therapeutic delivery) has shown the promising translation of PDT for cancer therapies. Furthermore, a new area in PDT is to treat bacterial infections to overcome the antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we have discussed the new directions of PDT for therapies of cancer and infectious diseases. In summary, we believe that rational design and innovations in nanomaterials may have a great impact on translation of PDT in cancer and infectious diseases. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Gao
- Washington State University,
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27
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Claaßen C, Gerlach T, Rother D. Stimulus-Responsive Regulation of Enzyme Activity for One-Step and Multi-Step Syntheses. Adv Synth Catal 2019; 361:2387-2401. [PMID: 31244574 PMCID: PMC6582597 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multi-step biocatalytic reactions have gained increasing importance in recent years because the combination of different enzymes enables the synthesis of a broad variety of industrially relevant products. However, the more enzymes combined, the more crucial it is to avoid cross-reactivity in these cascade reactions and thus achieve high product yields and high purities. The selective control of enzyme activity, i.e., remote on-/off-switching of enzymes, might be a suitable tool to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products in multi-enzyme reactions. This review compiles a range of methods that are known to modulate enzyme activity in a stimulus-responsive manner. It focuses predominantly on in vitro systems and is subdivided into reversible and irreversible enzyme activity control. Furthermore, a discussion section provides indications as to which factors should be considered when designing and choosing activity control systems for biocatalysis. Finally, an outlook is given regarding the future prospects of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Claaßen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
| | - Tim Gerlach
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Biotechnology (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen University52074AachenGermany
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28
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Santos GSP, Magno LAV, Romano-Silva MA, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Pericyte Plasticity in the Brain. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:551-560. [PMID: 30367336 PMCID: PMC6527663 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral pericytes are perivascular cells that stabilize blood vessels. Little is known about the plasticity of pericytes in the adult brain in vivo. Recently, using state-of-the-art technologies, including two-photon microscopy in combination with sophisticated Cre/loxP in vivo tracing techniques, a novel role of pericytes was revealed in vascular remodeling in the adult brain. Strikingly, after pericyte ablation, neighboring pericytes expand their processes and prevent vascular dilatation. This new knowledge provides insights into pericyte plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabryella S P Santos
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz A V Magno
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Marco A Romano-Silva
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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29
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Xiong Y, Tian X, Ai HW. Molecular Tools to Generate Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1297-1303. [PMID: 30986044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only are byproducts of aerobic respiration, but also play vital roles in metabolism regulation and signal transductions. It is important to understand the functions of ROS in biological systems. In addition, scientists have made use of ROS to kill bacteria and tumors through a process known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). This paper provides a concise review of current molecular tools that can generate ROS in biological systems via either nongenetic or genetically encoded way. Challenges and perspectives are further discussed with the hope of broadening the applications of ROS generators in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry, and the UVA Cancer Center , University of Virginia , 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry, and the UVA Cancer Center , University of Virginia , 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry, and the UVA Cancer Center , University of Virginia , 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
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30
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Chromophore-Assisted Light Inactivation of the V-ATPase V0c Subunit Inhibits Neurotransmitter Release Downstream of Synaptic Vesicle Acidification. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3591-3602. [PMID: 30155790 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle proton V-ATPase is an essential component in synaptic vesicle function. Active acidification of synaptic vesicles, triggered by the V-ATPase, is necessary for neurotransmitter storage. Independently from its proton transport activity, an additional important function of the membrane-embedded sector of the V-ATPase has been uncovered over recent years. Subunits a and c of the membrane sector of this multi-molecular complex have been shown to interact with SNARE proteins and to be involved in modulating neurotransmitter release. The c-subunit interacts with the v-SNARE VAMP2 and facilitates neurotransmission. In this study, we used chromophore-assisted light inactivation and monitored the consequences on neurotransmission on line in CA3 pyramidal neurons. We show that V-ATPase c-subunit V0c is a key element in modulating neurotransmission and that its specific inactivation rapidly inhibited neurotransmission.
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31
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Idikuda V, Gao W, Grant K, Su Z, Liu Q, Zhou L. Singlet oxygen modification abolishes voltage-dependent inactivation of the sea urchin spHCN channel. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1273-1286. [PMID: 30042141 PMCID: PMC6122923 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemically or metabolically generated singlet oxygen (1O2) reacts broadly with macromolecules in the cell. Because of its short lifetime and working distance, 1O2 holds potential as an effective and precise nanoscale tool for basic research and clinical practice. Here we investigate the modification of the spHCN channel that results from photochemically and chemically generated 1O2 The spHCN channel shows strong voltage-dependent inactivation in the absence of cAMP. In the presence of photosensitizers, short laser pulses transform the gating properties of spHCN by abolishing inactivation and increasing the macroscopic current amplitude. Alanine replacement of a histidine residue near the activation gate within the channel's pore abolishes key modification effects. Application of a variety of chemicals including 1O2 scavengers and 1O2 generators supports the involvement of 1O2 and excludes other reactive oxygen species. This study provides new understanding about the photodynamic modification of ion channels by 1O2 at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Idikuda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Weihua Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Khade Grant
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Zhuocheng Su
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Qinglian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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32
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Leem JW, Park J, Kim S, Kim S, Choi SH, Choi K, Kim YL. Green-Light-Activated Photoreaction via Genetic Hybridization of Far-Red Fluorescent Protein and Silk. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700863. [PMID: 29938168 PMCID: PMC6010726 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins often result in phototoxicity and cytotoxicity, in particular because some red fluorescent proteins produce and release reactive oxygen species (ROS). The photogeneration of ROS is considered as a detrimental side effect in cellular imaging or is proactively utilized for ablating cancerous tissue. As ancient textiles or biomaterials, silk produced by silkworms can directly be used as fabrics or be processed into materials and structures to host other functional nanomaterials. It is reported that transgenic fusion of far-red fluorescent protein (mKate2) with silk provides a photosensitizer hybridization platform for photoinducible control of ROS. Taking advantage of green (visible) light activation, native and regenerated mKate2 silk can produce and release superoxide and singlet oxygen, in a comparable manner of visible light-driven plasmonic photocatalysis. Thus, the genetic expression of mKate2 in silk offers immediately exploitable and scalable photocatalyst-like biomaterials. It is further envisioned that mKate2 silk can potentially rule out hazardous concerns associated with foreign semiconductor photocatalytic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jongwoo Park
- Department of Agricultural BiologyNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development AdministrationWanjuJeollabuk‐do55365Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Wan Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiologyNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development AdministrationWanjuJeollabuk‐do55365Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Ryul Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiologyNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development AdministrationWanjuJeollabuk‐do55365Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Kwang‐Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiologyNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesRural Development AdministrationWanjuJeollabuk‐do55365Republic of Korea
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Purdue Quantum CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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33
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Manzoor O, Soleja N, Mohsin M. Nanoscale gizmos - the novel fluorescent probes for monitoring protein activity. Biochem Eng J 2018; 133:83-95. [PMID: 32518506 PMCID: PMC7270366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-encoded FRET, organic dye, QD based sensors. Real-time monitoring of the respective metabolite level at sub cellular level. Spatio temporal resolution of the fluorophores by low intensity light. Monitoring of various metabolite levels in any cell type prokaryotic and eukaryotic as well. Functional analysis of the role of proteases in several diseases.
Nanobiotechnology has emerged inherently as an interdisciplinary field, with collaborations from researchers belonging to diverse backgrounds like molecular biology, materials science and organic chemistry. Till the current times, researchers have been able to design numerous types of nanoscale fluorescent tool kits for monitoring protein–protein interactions through real time cellular imagery in a fluorescence microscope. It is apparent that supplementing any protein of interest with a fluorescence habit traces its function and regulation within a cell. Our review therefore highlights the application of several fluorescent probes such as molecular organic dyes, quantum dots (QD) and fluorescent proteins (FPs) to determine activity state, expression and localization of proteins in live and fixed cells. The focus is on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based nanosensors that have been developed by researchers to visualize and monitor protein dynamics and quantify metabolites of diverse nature. FRET based toolkits permit the resolution of ambiguities that arise due to the rotation of sensor molecules and flexibility of the probe. Achievements of live cell imaging and efficient spatiotemporal resolution however have been possible only with the advent of fluorescence microscopic technology, equipped with precisely sensitive automated softwares.
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34
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Riani YD, Matsuda T, Takemoto K, Nagai T. Green monomeric photosensitizing fluorescent protein for photo-inducible protein inactivation and cell ablation. BMC Biol 2018; 16:50. [PMID: 29712573 PMCID: PMC5928576 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosensitizing fluorescent proteins, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, are useful for spatiotemporal protein inactivation and cell ablation. They give us clues about protein function, intracellular signaling pathways and intercellular interactions. Since ROS generation of a photosensitizer is specifically controlled by certain excitation wavelengths, utilizing colour variants of photosensitizing protein would allow multi-spatiotemporal control of inactivation. To expand the colour palette of photosensitizing protein, here we developed SuperNova Green from its red predecessor, SuperNova. RESULTS SuperNova Green is able to produce ROS spatiotemporally upon blue light irradiation. Based on protein characterization, SuperNova Green produces insignificant amounts of singlet oxygen and predominantly produces superoxide and its derivatives. We utilized SuperNova Green to specifically inactivate the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase C-δ1 and to ablate cancer cells in vitro. As a proof of concept for multi-spatiotemporal control of inactivation, we demonstrate that SuperNova Green can be used with its red variant, SuperNova, to perform independent protein inactivation or cell ablation studies in a spatiotemporal manner by selective light irradiation. CONCLUSION Development of SuperNova Green has expanded the photosensitizing protein toolbox to optogenetically control protein inactivation and cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemima Dani Riani
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Takemoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan.
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35
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Bourke AM, Bowen AB, Kennedy MJ. New approaches for solving old problems in neuronal protein trafficking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:48-66. [PMID: 29649542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental cellular properties are determined by the repertoire and abundance of proteins displayed on the cell surface. As such, the trafficking mechanisms for establishing and maintaining the surface proteome must be tightly regulated for cells to respond appropriately to extracellular cues, yet plastic enough to adapt to ever-changing environments. Not only are the identity and abundance of surface proteins critical, but in many cases, their regulated spatial positioning within surface nanodomains can greatly impact their function. In the context of neuronal cell biology, surface levels and positioning of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors play essential roles in establishing important properties, including cellular excitability and synaptic strength. Here we review our current understanding of the trafficking pathways that control the abundance and localization of proteins important for synaptic function and plasticity, as well as recent technological advances that are allowing the field to investigate protein trafficking with increasing spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron B Bowen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
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36
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Leem JW, Kim SR, Choi KH, Kim YL. Plasmonic photocatalyst-like fluorescent proteins for generating reactive oxygen species. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:8. [PMID: 29607289 PMCID: PMC5862923 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in photocatalysis have opened a variety of new possibilities for energy and biomedical applications. In particular, plasmonic photocatalysis using hybridization of semiconductor materials and metal nanoparticles has recently facilitated the rapid progress in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency under visible or solar light. One critical underlying aspect of photocatalysis is that it generates and releases reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intermediate or final products upon light excitation or activation. Although plasmonic photocatalysis overcomes the limitation of UV irradiation, synthesized metal/semiconductor nanomaterial photocatalysts often bring up biohazardous and environmental issues. In this respect, this review article is centered in identifying natural photosensitizing organic materials that can generate similar types of ROS as those of plasmonic photocatalysis. In particular, we propose the idea of plasmonic photocatalyst-like fluorescent proteins for ROS generation under visible light irradiation. We recapitulate fluorescent proteins that have Type I and Type II photosensitization properties in a comparable manner to plasmonic photocatalysis. Plasmonic photocatalysis and protein photosensitization have not yet been compared systemically in terms of ROS photogeneration under visible light, although the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of some fluorescent proteins are well recognized. A comprehensive understanding of plasmonic photocatalyst-like fluorescent proteins and their potential advantages will lead us to explore new environmental, biomedical, and defense applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Seong-Ryul Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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37
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Sato S, Tsushima M, Nakamura H. Target-protein-selective inactivation and labelling using an oxidative catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6168-6179. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radical species generated by oxidative single-electron transfer (SET) catalysts induce local environmental oxidative reactions, resulting in protein inactivation and labelling in proximity to the catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
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38
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Schneider JP, Basler M. Shedding light on biology of bacterial cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0499. [PMID: 27672150 PMCID: PMC5052743 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand basic principles of living organisms one has to know many different properties of all cellular components, their mutual interactions but also their amounts and spatial organization. Live-cell imaging is one possible approach to obtain such data. To get multiple snapshots of a cellular process, the imaging approach has to be gentle enough to not disrupt basic functions of the cell but also have high temporal and spatial resolution to detect and describe the changes. Light microscopy has become a method of choice and since its early development over 300 years ago revolutionized our understanding of living organisms. As most cellular components are indistinguishable from the rest of the cellular contents, the second revolution came from a discovery of specific labelling techniques, such as fusions to fluorescent proteins that allowed specific tracking of a component of interest. Currently, several different tags can be tracked independently and this allows us to simultaneously monitor the dynamics of several cellular components and from the correlation of their dynamics to infer their respective functions. It is, therefore, not surprising that live-cell fluorescence microscopy significantly advanced our understanding of basic cellular processes. Current cameras are fast enough to detect changes with millisecond time resolution and are sensitive enough to detect even a few photons per pixel. Together with constant improvement of properties of fluorescent tags, it is now possible to track single molecules in living cells over an extended period of time with a great temporal resolution. The parallel development of new illumination and detection techniques allowed breaking the diffraction barrier and thus further pushed the resolution limit of light microscopy. In this review, we would like to cover recent advances in live-cell imaging technology relevant to bacterial cells and provide a few examples of research that has been possible due to imaging. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P Schneider
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marek Basler
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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39
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Tsai CF, Lin HY, Hsu WL, Tsai CH. The novel mitochondria localization of influenza A virus NS1 visualized by FlAsH labeling. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1960-1971. [PMID: 29226082 PMCID: PMC5715299 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus (IAV) is a multifunctional protein that counteracts host cell antiviral responses and inhibits host cell pre‐mRNA processing. NS1 contains two nuclear localization signals that facilitate NS1 shuttling between cytoplasm and nucleus. In this study, we initially observed the novel mitochondria localization of NS1 in a subset of transfected cells. We then further monitored the localization dynamics of the NS1 protein in live cells infected with IAV expressing NS1 with insertion of a tetracysteine‐tag. The resulting mutant virus showed similar levels of infectivity and expression pattern of NS1 to those of wild‐type IAV. Pulse labeling using a biarsenical compound (fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder) allowed us to visualize the dynamic subcellular distribution of NS1 real time. We detected NS1 in mitochondria at a very early infection time point [1.5 h postinfection (hpi)] and observed the formation of a granular structure pattern in the nucleus at 4 hpi. This is the first identification of the novel mitochondria localization of NS1. The possible role of NS1 at an early infection time point is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Fu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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40
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Hill RA, Damisah EC, Chen F, Kwan AC, Grutzendler J. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of defined cell types in vivo. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28621306 PMCID: PMC5501159 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck limiting understanding of mechanisms and consequences of cell death in complex organisms is the inability to induce and visualize this process with spatial and temporal precision in living animals. Here we report a technique termed two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal) that uses focal illumination with a femtosecond-pulsed laser to bleach a nucleic acid-binding dye causing dose-dependent apoptosis of individual cells without collateral damage. Using 2Phatal, we achieve precise ablation of distinct populations of neurons, glia and pericytes in the mouse brain and in zebrafish. When combined with organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins and biosensors, we uncover previously unrecognized cell-type differences in patterns of apoptosis and associated dynamics of ribosomal disassembly, calcium overload and mitochondrial fission. 2Phatal provides a powerful and rapidly adoptable platform to investigate in vivo functional consequences and neural plasticity following cell death as well as apoptosis, cell clearance and tissue remodelling in diverse organs and species. Investigating cell death in living organisms is hampered by a lack of techniques to induce apoptosis with spatial and temporal precision without collateral damage. Here the authors develop two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal), allowing studies of apoptosis and its functional consequences in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Eyiyemisi C Damisah
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Fuyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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41
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Souslova EA, Mironova KE, Deyev SM. Applications of genetically encoded photosensitizer miniSOG: from correlative light electron microscopy to immunophotosensitizing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:338-352. [PMID: 27435584 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded photosensitizers (PSs), e.g. ROS generating proteins, correspond to a novel class of PSs that are highly desirable for biological and medical applications since they can be used in combination with a variety of genetic engineering manipulations allowing for precise spatio-temporal control of ROS production within living cells and organisms. In contrast to the commonly used chemical PSs, they can be modified using genetic engineering approaches and targeted to particular cellular compartments and cell types. Mini Singlet Oxygen Generator (miniSOG), a small flavoprotein capable of singlet oxygen production upon blue light irradiation, was initially reported as a high contrast probe for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) without the need of exogenous ligands, probes or destructive permeabilizing detergents. Further miniSOG was successfully applied for chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) of proteins, as well as for photo-induced cell ablation in tissue cultures and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, a novel approach of immunophotosensitizing has been developed, exploiting the specificity of mini-antibodies or selective scaffold proteins and photo-induced cytotoxicity of miniSOG, which is particularly promising for selective non-invasive photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) due to the spatial selectivity and locality of destructive action compared to other methods of oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Souslova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kristina E Mironova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBCH RAS), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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42
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Optical inactivation of synaptic AMPA receptors erases fear memory. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 35:38-47. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Laminin targeting of a peripheral nerve-highlighting peptide enables degenerated nerve visualization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12774-12779. [PMID: 27791138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611642113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Target-blind activity-based screening of molecular libraries is often used to develop first-generation compounds, but subsequent target identification is rate-limiting to developing improved agents with higher specific affinity and lower off-target binding. A fluorescently labeled nerve-binding peptide, NP41, selected by phage display, highlights peripheral nerves in vivo. Nerve highlighting has the potential to improve surgical outcomes by facilitating intraoperative nerve identification, reducing accidental nerve transection, and facilitating repair of damaged nerves. To enable screening of molecular target-specific molecules for higher nerve contrast and to identify potential toxicities, NP41's binding target was sought. Laminin-421 and -211 were identified by proximity-based labeling using singlet oxygen and by an adapted version of TRICEPS-based ligand-receptor capture to identify glycoprotein receptors via ligand cross-linking. In proximity labeling, photooxidation of a ligand-conjugated singlet oxygen generator is coupled to chemical labeling of locally oxidized residues. Photooxidation of methylene blue-NP41-bound nerves, followed by biotin hydrazide labeling and purification, resulted in light-induced enrichment of laminin subunits α4 and α2, nidogen 1, and decorin (FDR-adjusted P value < 10-7) and minor enrichment of laminin-γ1 and collagens I and VI. Glycoprotein receptor capture also identified laminin-α4 and -γ1. Laminins colocalized with NP41 within nerve sheath, particularly perineurium, where laminin-421 is predominant. Binding assays with phage expressing NP41 confirmed binding to purified laminin-421, laminin-211, and laminin-α4. Affinity for these extracellular matrix proteins explains the striking ability of NP41 to highlight degenerated nerve "ghosts" months posttransection that are invisible to the unaided eye but retain hollow laminin-rich tubular structures.
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Zhao L, Zhang J, Xu H, Geng H, Cheng Y. Conjugated Polymers/DNA Hybrid Materials for Protein Inactivation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22923-22929. [PMID: 27533365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a powerful tool for analyzing protein functions due to the high degree of spatial and temporal resolution. In this work, we demonstrate a CALI approach based on conjugated polymers (CPs)/DNA hybrid material for protein inactivation. The target protein is conjugated with single-stranded DNA in advance. Single-stranded DNA can form CPs/DNA hybrid material with cationic CPs via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Through the formation of CPs/DNA hybrid material, the target protein that is conjugated with DNA is brought into close proximity to CPs. Under irradiation, CPs harvest light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the inactivation of the adjacent target protein. This approach can efficiently inactivate any target protein which is conjugated with DNA and has good specificity and universality, providing a new strategy for studies of protein function and adjustment of protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
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DIVERSE System: De Novo Creation of Peptide Tags for Non-enzymatic Covalent Labeling by In Vitro Evolution for Protein Imaging Inside Living Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:1671-9. [PMID: 26687484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide-tag/small-molecule pairs for specific cellular protein labeling are useful for visualizing cellular proteins and controlling their activity. Here, we report the development of an in vitro evolution-based (poly)peptide tag identification system named the DIVERSE (Directed In Vitro Evolution of Reactive peptide tags via Sequential Enrichment) system. In this system, an extremely diverse (10(14)) library of peptide tags, displayed by covalent attachment to their encoding cDNAs, is continuously prepared from the DNA library in a one-pot approach. Using this system, we demonstrated de novo creation of non-enzymatically covalent-labeling peptide tags for a synthetic small-molecule target from a random peptide library. Protein labeling with these tags was applicable to N- and C-terminal fusions, multiple different proteins and fluorophores, and intracellular labeling. The DIVERSE system can be used not only for the de novo creation of polypeptide tags but also sequence optimization of existing polypeptide tags from extremely diverse libraries.
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Ooi A, Wong A, Esau L, Lemtiri-Chlieh F, Gehring C. A Guide to Transient Expression of Membrane Proteins in HEK-293 Cells for Functional Characterization. Front Physiol 2016; 7:300. [PMID: 27486406 PMCID: PMC4949579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells are commonly used as host for the heterologous expression of membrane proteins not least because they have a high transfection efficiency and faithfully translate and process proteins. In addition, their cell size, morphology and division rate, and low expression of native channels are traits that are particularly attractive for current-voltage measurements. Nevertheless, the heterologous expression of complex membrane proteins such as receptors and ion channels for biological characterization and in particular for single-cell applications such as electrophysiology remains a challenge. Expression of functional proteins depends largely on careful step-by-step optimization that includes the design of expression vectors with suitable identification tags, as well as the selection of transfection methods and detection parameters appropriate for the application. Here, we use the heterologous expression of a plant potassium channel, the Arabidopsis thaliana guard cell outward-rectifying K(+) channel, AtGORK (At5G37500) in HEK-293 cells as an example, to evaluate commonly used transfection reagents and fluorescent detection methods, and provide a detailed methodology for optimized transient transfection and expression of membrane proteins for in vivo studies in general and for single-cell applications in particular. This optimized protocol will facilitate the physiological and cellular characterization of complex membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ooi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Le Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris-Sud UniversityGif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luke Esau
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chris Gehring
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Lerch MM, Hansen MJ, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Emerging Targets in Photopharmacology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10978-99. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands
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Lerch MM, Hansen MJ, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Neue Ziele für die Photopharmakologie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Lerch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen Niederlande
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Niederlande
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Lee H, Oh WC, Seong J, Kim J. Advanced Fluorescence Protein-Based Synapse-Detectors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:16. [PMID: 27445785 PMCID: PMC4927625 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex information-processing capabilities of the central nervous system emerge from intricate patterns of synaptic input-output relationships among various neuronal circuit components. Understanding these capabilities thus requires a precise description of the individual synapses that comprise neural networks. Recent advances in fluorescent protein engineering, along with developments in light-favoring tissue clearing and optical imaging techniques, have rendered light microscopy (LM) a potent candidate for large-scale analyses of synapses, their properties, and their connectivity. Optically imaging newly engineered fluorescent proteins (FPs) tagged to synaptic proteins or microstructures enables the efficient, fine-resolution illumination of synaptic anatomy and function in large neural circuits. Here we review the latest progress in fluorescent protein-based molecular tools for imaging individual synapses and synaptic connectivity. We also identify associated technologies in gene delivery, tissue processing, and computational image analysis that will play a crucial role in bridging the gap between synapse- and system-level neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea; Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Won Chan Oh
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea; Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea; Neuroscience Program, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
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50
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He J, Wang Y, Missinato MA, Onuoha E, Perkins LA, Watkins SC, St Croix CM, Tsang M, Bruchez MP. A genetically targetable near-infrared photosensitizer. Nat Methods 2016; 13:263-8. [PMID: 26808669 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon illumination, photosensitizer molecules produce reactive oxygen species that can be used for functional manipulation of living cells, including protein inactivation, targeted-damage introduction and cellular ablation. Photosensitizers used to date have been either exogenous, resulting in delivery and removal challenges, or genetically encoded proteins that form or bind a native photosensitizing molecule, resulting in a constitutively active photosensitizer inside the cell. We describe a genetically encoded fluorogen-activating protein (FAP) that binds a heavy atom-substituted fluorogenic dye, forming an 'on-demand' activated photosensitizer that produces singlet oxygen and fluorescence when activated with near-infrared light. This targeted and activated photosensitizer (TAPs) approach enables protein inactivation, targeted cell killing and rapid targeted lineage ablation in living larval and adult zebrafish. The near-infrared excitation and emission of this FAP-TAPs provides a new spectral range for photosensitizer proteins that could be useful for imaging, manipulation and cellular ablation deep within living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun He
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria A Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ezenwa Onuoha
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lydia A Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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