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Lu P, Ruan D, Huang M, Tian M, Zhu K, Gan Z, Xiao Z. Harnessing the potential of hydrogels for advanced therapeutic applications: current achievements and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:166. [PMID: 38945949 PMCID: PMC11214942 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The applications of hydrogels have expanded significantly due to their versatile, highly tunable properties and breakthroughs in biomaterial technologies. In this review, we cover the major achievements and the potential of hydrogels in therapeutic applications, focusing primarily on two areas: emerging cell-based therapies and promising non-cell therapeutic modalities. Within the context of cell therapy, we discuss the capacity of hydrogels to overcome the existing translational challenges faced by mainstream cell therapy paradigms, provide a detailed discussion on the advantages and principal design considerations of hydrogels for boosting the efficacy of cell therapy, as well as list specific examples of their applications in different disease scenarios. We then explore the potential of hydrogels in drug delivery, physical intervention therapies, and other non-cell therapeutic areas (e.g., bioadhesives, artificial tissues, and biosensors), emphasizing their utility beyond mere delivery vehicles. Additionally, we complement our discussion on the latest progress and challenges in the clinical application of hydrogels and outline future research directions, particularly in terms of integration with advanced biomanufacturing technologies. This review aims to present a comprehensive view and critical insights into the design and selection of hydrogels for both cell therapy and non-cell therapies, tailored to meet the therapeutic requirements of diverse diseases and situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Lu
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, PR China
| | - Meiqi Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610021, PR China
| | - Kangshun Zhu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China.
| | - Ziqi Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Zecong Xiao
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, PR China.
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2
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Kelly AJ, Long A. Targeting T-cell integrins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:15-26. [PMID: 37556361 PMCID: PMC10776250 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of T cells to tissues and their retention there are essential processes in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms regulating these processes have become better understood over the past three decades and are now recognized to involve temporally and spatially specific interactions between cell-adhesion molecules. These include integrins, which are heterodimeric molecules that mediate in-to-out and out-to-in signalling in T cells, other leukocytes, and most other cells of the body. Integrin signalling contributes to T-cell circulation through peripheral lymph nodes, immunological synapse stability and function, extravasation at the sites of inflammation, and T-cell retention at these sites. Greater understanding of the contribution of integrin signalling to the role of T cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has focused much attention on the development of therapeutics that target T-cell integrins. This literature review describes the structure, activation, and function of integrins with respect to T cells, then discusses the use of integrin-targeting therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. Efficacy and safety data from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance are presented for currently approved therapeutics, therapeutics that have been withdrawn from the market, and novel therapeutics currently in clinical trials. This literature review will inform the reader of the current means of targeting T-cell integrins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J Kelly
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 NHY1, Ireland
| | - Aideen Long
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 NHY1, Ireland
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3
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Wu T, Xiong S, Chen M, Tam BT, Chen W, Dong K, Ma Z, Wang Z, Ouyang G. Matrix stiffening facilitates the collective invasion of breast cancer through the periostin-integrin mechanotransduction pathway. Matrix Biol 2023; 121:22-40. [PMID: 37230256 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Matrix rigidity is a critical contributor to tumor progression; however, whether and how matrix stiffness modulates the collective invasion of tumor cells remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that increased matrix stiffness activates YAP to promote the secretion of periostin (POSTN) in cancer-associated fibroblasts, which in turn augments the matrix rigidity of mammary glands and breast tumor tissues by facilitating collagen crosslinking. Moreover, decreased tissue stiffening resulted from the POSTN deficiency impairs peritoneal metastatic potential of orthotopic breast tumors. Increased matrix stiffness also promotes three-dimensional (3D) collective breast tumor cell invasion via multicellular cytoskeleton remodeling. POSTN triggers the integrin/FAK/ERK/Cdc42/Rac1 mechanotransduction pathway during 3D collective invasion of breast tumor. Clinically, high POSTN expression correlates with high collagen levels in breast tumors and cooperatively determines the metastatic recurrence potential in breast cancer patients. Collectively, these findings indicate that matrix rigidity promotes 3D collective invasion of breast tumor cells via the YAP-POSTN-integrin mechanotransduction signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mimi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bjorn T Tam
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ke Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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4
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Hipke K, Pitter B, Hruscha A, van Bebber F, Modic M, Bansal V, Lewandowski SA, Orozco D, Edbauer D, Bonn S, Haass C, Pohl U, Montanez E, Schmid B. Loss of TDP-43 causes ectopic endothelial sprouting and migration defects through increased fibronectin, vcam 1 and integrin α4/β1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1169962. [PMID: 37384248 PMCID: PMC10299809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1169962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the Tar DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia and likely contributes to disease by loss of nuclear function. Analysis of TDP-43 function in knockout zebrafish identified an endothelial directional migration and hypersprouting phenotype during development prior lethality. In human umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) the loss of TDP-43 leads to hyperbranching. We identified elevated expression of FIBRONECTIN 1 (FN1), the VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1 (VCAM1), as well as their receptor INTEGRIN α4β1 (ITGA4B1) in HUVEC cells. Importantly, reducing the levels of ITGA4, FN1, and VCAM1 homologues in the TDP-43 loss-of-function zebrafish rescues the angiogenic defects indicating the conservation of human and zebrafish TDP-43 function during angiogenesis. Our study identifies a novel pathway regulated by TDP-43 important for angiogenesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hipke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Pitter
- Walter Brendel Center, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hruscha
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke van Bebber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Miha Modic
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute at KCL, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vikas Bansal
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian A. Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Orozco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Center, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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5
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Harms J, Lüttgenau SM, Emming C, Guske J, Weber K, Wagner T, Schowe L, Nedvetsky P, Krahn MP. Pals1 functions in redundancy with SMAP1 to inhibit Arf6 in order to prevent Rac1-dependent colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:497-506. [PMID: 36494580 PMCID: PMC10014575 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of cell-cell adhesion and increased motility are prerequisites for the metastasis of cancer cells. We have recently shown that downregulation of the tight junction adapter protein Pals1 in colorectal cancer cells results in an increase of cell migration, invasion, and metastasis due to the enhanced activation of Arf6 and Rac1. We now reveal a redundancy between the Arf6-GAP SMAP1 and Pals1 in regulating Arf6 activity and thereby Rac1-dependent cell migration. The gene encoding SMAP1 is frequently disrupted in microsatellite instable colorectal cancer specimen and cell lines. In cells expressing SMAP1, deletion of Pals1 leads to disturbed formation of tight junctions but has no impact on Arf6 activity and cell migration. In contrast, inactivation of both SMAP1 and Pals1 results in enhanced Arf6/Rac1 activity and increased cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, analyzing patient cohorts, we found a significant decrease in patient's survival when both genes were downregulated, in contrast to cases, when expression of only one of both genes was affected. Taken together, we identified a redundancy between SMAP1 and Pals1 in the regulation of activation of Arf6/Rac1, thereby controlling cell migration, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Harms
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christin Emming
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Justine Guske
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Weber
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Larissa Schowe
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Pavel Nedvetsky
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael P Krahn
- Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Kim SH, Li ITS. Super-Resolution Tension PAINT Imaging with a Molecular Beacon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217028. [PMID: 36534951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA-PAINT enabled super-resolution imaging through the transient binding of fluorescently-labelled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) imagers to target ssDNA. However, its performance is constrained by imager background fluorescence, resulting in relatively long image acquisition and potential artifacts. We designed a molecular beacon (MB) as the PAINT imager. Unbound MB in solution reduces the background fluorescence due to its natively quenched state. They are fluorogenic upon binding to target DNA to create individual fluorescence events. We demonstrate that MB-PAINT provides localization precision similar to traditional linear imager DNA-PAINT. We also show that MB-PAINT is ideally suited for fast super-resolution imaging of molecular tension probes in living cells, eliminating the potential of artifacts from free-diffusing imagers in traditional DNA-PAINT at the cell-substrate interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Isaac T S Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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7
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Rapraeger AC. Syndecans and Their Synstatins: Targeting an Organizer of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling at the Cell-Matrix Interface. Front Oncol 2021; 11:775349. [PMID: 34778093 PMCID: PMC8578902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.775349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrin matrix receptors have well-established roles in tumor cell proliferation, invasion and survival, often functioning in a coordinated fashion at sites of cell-matrix adhesion. Central to this coordination are syndecans, another class of matrix receptor, that organize RTKs and integrins into functional units, relying on docking motifs in the syndecan extracellular domains to capture and localize RTKs (e.g., EGFR, IGF-1R, VEGFR2, HER2) and integrins (e.g., αvβ3, αvβ5, α4β1, α3β1, α6β4) to sites of adhesion. Peptide mimetics of the docking motifs in the syndecans, called “synstatins”, prevent assembly of these receptor complexes, block their signaling activities and are highly effective against tumor cell invasion and survival and angiogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of these four syndecan-coupled mechanisms and their inhibitory synstatins (SSTNIGF1R, SSTNVEGFR2, SSTNVLA-4, SSTNEGFR and SSTNHER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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8
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Chen PW, Gasilina A, Yadav MP, Randazzo PA. Control of cell signaling by Arf GTPases and their regulators: Focus on links to cancer and other GTPase families. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119171. [PMID: 34774605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) comprise a family of regulatory GTP binding proteins. The Arfs regulate membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton remodeling, processes critical for eukaryotes and which have been the focus of most studies on Arfs. A more limited literature describes a role in signaling and in integrating several signaling pathways to bring about specific cell behaviors. Here, we will highlight work describing function of Arf1, Arf6 and several effectors and regulators of Arfs in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Anjelika Gasilina
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America(1); Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mukesh P Yadav
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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9
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Sun H, Zhi K, Hu L, Fan Z. The Activation and Regulation of β2 Integrins in Phagocytes and Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633639. [PMID: 33868253 PMCID: PMC8044391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes, which include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, protect the body by removing foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Phagocytic integrins are greatly involved in the recognition of and adhesion to specific antigens on cells and pathogens during phagocytosis as well as the recruitment of immune cells. β2 integrins, including αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2, and αDβ2, are the major integrins presented on the phagocyte surface. The activation of β2 integrins is essential to the recruitment and phagocytic function of these phagocytes and is critical for the regulation of inflammation and immune defense. However, aberrant activation of β2 integrins aggravates auto-immune diseases, such as psoriasis, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, and facilitates tumor metastasis, making them double-edged swords as candidates for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, precise regulation of phagocyte activities by targeting β2 integrins should promote their host defense functions with minimal side effects on other cells. Here, we reviewed advances in the regulatory mechanisms underlying β2 integrin inside-out signaling, as well as the roles of β2 integrin activation in phagocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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10
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Guo S, Meng L, Liu H, Yuan L, Zhao N, Ni J, Zhang Y, Ben J, Li YP, Ma J. Trio cooperates with Myh9 to regulate neural crest-derived craniofacial development. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4316-4334. [PMID: 33754063 PMCID: PMC7977452 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trio is a unique member of the Rho-GEF family that has three catalytic domains and is vital for various cellular processes in both physiological and developmental settings. TRIO mutations in humans are involved in craniofacial abnormalities, in which patients present with mandibular retrusion. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Trio in neural crest cell (NCC)-derived craniofacial development, and there is still a lack of direct evidence to assign a functional role to Trio in NCC-induced craniofacial abnormalities. Methods: In vivo, we used zebrafish and NCC-specific knockout mouse models to investigate the phenotype and dynamics of NCC development in Trio morphants. In vitro, iTRAQ, GST pull-down assays, and proximity ligation assay (PLA) were used to explore the role of Trio and its potential downstream mediators in NCC migration and differentiation. Results: In zebrafish and mouse models, disruption of Trio elicited a migration deficit and impaired the differentiation of NCC derivatives, leading to craniofacial growth deficiency and mandibular retrusion. Moreover, Trio positively regulated Myh9 expression and directly interacted with Myh9 to coregulate downstream cellular signaling in NCCs. We further demonstrated that disruption of Trio or Myh9 inhibited Rac1 and Cdc42 activity, specifically affecting the nuclear export of β-catenin and NCC polarization. Remarkably, craniofacial abnormalities caused by trio deficiency in zebrafish could be partially rescued by the injection of mRNA encoding myh9, ca-Rac1, or ca-Cdc42. Conclusions: Here, we identified that Trio, interacting mostly with Myh9, acts as a key regulator of NCC migration and differentiation during craniofacial development. Our results indicate that trio morphant zebrafish and Wnt1-cre;Triofl/fl mice offer potential model systems to facilitate the study of the pathogenic mechanisms of Trio mutations causing craniofacial abnormalities.
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11
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Nikolopoulou PA, Koufaki MA, Kostourou V. The Adhesome Network: Key Components Shaping the Tumour Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 33573141 PMCID: PMC7866493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the conventional perception of solid tumours as mere masses of cancer cells, advanced cancer research focuses on the complex contributions of tumour-associated host cells that are known as "tumour microenvironment" (TME). It has been long appreciated that the tumour stroma, composed mainly of blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), define the tumour architecture and influence cancer cell properties. Besides soluble cues, that mediate the crosstalk between tumour and stroma cells, cell adhesion to ECM arises as a crucial determinant in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how adhesome, the intracellular protein network formed at cell adhesions, regulate the TME and control malignancy. The role of adhesome extends beyond the physical attachment of cells to ECM and the regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and acts as a signalling and mechanosensing hub, orchestrating cellular responses that shape the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Athens, Greece; (P.A.N.); (M.A.K.)
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12
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Cell-ECM contact-guided intracellular polarization is mediated via lamin A/C dependent nucleus-cytoskeletal connection. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120548. [PMID: 33260092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization plays a crucial role in dynamic cellular events, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and directional migration in response to diverse extracellular and intracellular signals. Although it is well known that cell polarization entails highly orchestrated intracellular molecular reorganization, the underlying mechanism of repositioning by intracellular organelles in the presence of multiple stimuli is still unclear. Here, we show that front-rear cell polarization based on the relative positions of nucleus and microtubule organizing center is precisely controlled by mechanical interactions including cellular adhesion to extracellular matrix and nucleus-cytoskeletal connections. By modulating the size and distribution of fibronectin-coated adhesive spots located in the polarized cell shape mimicking micropatterns, we monitored the alterations in cell polarity. We found that the localization of individual adhesive spots is more dominant than the cell shape itself to induce intracellular polarization. Further, the degree of cell polarization was diminished significantly by disrupting nuclear lamin A/C. We further confirm that geometrical cue-guided intracellular polarization determines directional cell migration via local activation of Cdc42. These findings provide novel insights into the role of nucleus-cytoskeletal connections in single cell polarization under a combination of physical, molecular, and genetic cues, where lamin A/C acts as a critical molecular mediator in ECM sensing and signal transduction via nucleus-cytoskeletal connection.
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13
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Seo S, Kim MK, Kim RI, Yeo Y, Kim KL, Suh W. Evogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, attenuates pathological retinal angiogenesis by suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor-induced Arf6 activation. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1744-1753. [PMID: 33051573 PMCID: PMC8080693 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent studies have shown that beyond their effect in lowing glucose, DPP-4 inhibitors mitigate DM-related microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. However, the mechanism by which pathological retinal neovascularization, a major clinical manifestation of diabetic retinopathy, is inhibited is unclear. This study sought to examine the effects of evogliptin, a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, on pathological retinal neovascularization in mice and elucidate the mechanism by which evogliptin inhibits angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key factor in the vascular pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In a murine model of PDR, an intravitreal injection of evogliptin significantly suppressed aberrant retinal neovascularization. In human endothelial cells, evogliptin reduced VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Western blot analysis showed that evogliptin inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling molecules associated with VEGF-induced cell adhesion and migration. Moreover, evogliptin substantially inhibited the VEGF-induced activation of adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), a small guanosine 5′-triphosphatase (GTPase) that regulates VEGF receptor 2 signal transduction. Direct activation of Arf6 using a chemical inhibitor of Arf-directed GTPase-activating protein completely abrogated the inhibitory effect of evogliptin on VEGF-induced activation of the angiogenic signaling pathway, which suggests that evogliptin suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenesis by blocking Arf6 activation. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the direct inhibitory effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor evogliptin on pathological retinal neovascularization. In addition to its glucose-lowering effect, the antiangiogenic effect of evogliptin could also render it beneficial for individuals with PDR. Pathological retinal angiogenesis, the damaging formation of new blood vessels in the retina, which is associated with various diseases including diabetes, could be reduced using the anti-diabetic drug evogliptin to inhibit the effects of a vascular growth factor. Researchers in South Korea led by Wonhee Suh and Koung Li Kim at Chung-Ang University in Seoul investigated the molecular mechanism underlying evogliptin’s effects. In studies using mice and cultured human cells they found that evogliptin inhibited the activation of signaling molecules that mediate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor. They also identified an enzyme in the signaling pathway that is directly inhibited by evogliptin. The results offer molecular level insights into the additional benefit gained from using evogliptin to treat diabetes, distinct from the drug’s established effects in lowering blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Seo
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, 17073, Korea
| | - Ryul-I Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Yeongju Yeo
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Koung Li Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
| | - Wonhee Suh
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
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14
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Li Y, Wu X, Liu Z, Lu K, Liu R, Guo X. Integrin-mediated Signaling via Paxillin-GIT1-PIX Promotes Localized Rac Activation at the Leading Edge and Cell Migration. J Cancer 2020; 11:345-352. [PMID: 31897230 PMCID: PMC6930425 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac activation is precisely regulated temporally and spatially by intracellular signaling pathways in migrating cells to guarantee the formation of specific cell protrusions-lamellipodia at the leading edge. Integrins-mediated adhesions also control the signaling pathway for localized Rac activation in the cells, but very few studies have been addressed in this field. In the study, we aim to focus on how integrin-mediated signaling affects localized Rac activation by reducing the paxillin expression with shRNA targeting paxillin. The results revealed that reduction of the paxillin expression in the cells inhibited the formation of focal adhesions and Rac activation. By using Rac FRET biosensor, Rac activation was localized at the leading edge of the cell, within the lamellipodium. A ternary complex of paxillin-GIT1-PIX could establish the signaling pathway in front of the cells. Thus, we described a mechanism of integrin-mediated signaling for localized Rac activation that upon ligand binding, activated integrin via the signaling pathway paxillin-GIT1-PIX promotes localized Rac activation at the leading edge and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xinzhou Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Kanghui Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Rushi Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular and Immunological Diagnostics, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiangrong Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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15
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Jung O, Beauvais DM, Adams KM, Rapraeger AC. VLA-4 phosphorylation during tumor and immune cell migration relies on its coupling to VEGFR2 and CXCR4 by syndecan-1. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232645. [PMID: 31562188 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When targeted by the tumor-promoting enzyme heparanase, cleaved and shed syndecan-1 (Sdc1) then couples VEGFR2 (also known as KDR) to VLA-4, activating VEGFR2 and the directed migration of myeloma cells. But how VEGFR2 activates VLA-4-mediated motility has remained unknown. We now report that VEGFR2 causes PKA-mediated phosphorylation of VLA-4 on S988, an event known to stimulate tumor metastasis while suppressing cytotoxic immune cells. A key partner in this mechanism is the chemokine receptor CXCR4, a well-known mediator of cell motility in response to gradients of the chemokine SDF-1 (also known as CXCL12). The entire machinery necessary to phosphorylate VLA-4, consisting of CXCR4, AC7 (also known as ADCY7) and PKA, is constitutively associated with VEGFR2 and is localized to the integrin by Sdc1. VEGFR2 carries out the novel phosphorylation of Y135 within the DRY microswitch of CXCR4, sequentially activating Gαiβγ, AC7 and PKA, which phosphorylates S988 on the integrin. This mechanism is blocked by a syndecan-mimetic peptide (SSTNVEGFR2), which, by preventing VEGFR2 linkage to VLA-4, arrests tumor cell migration that depends on VLA-4 phosphorylation and stimulates the LFA-1-mediated migration of cytotoxic leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisun Jung
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kristin M Adams
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA .,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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16
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Kang T, Lee SJ, Kwon Y, Park D. Loss of ϐPix Causes Defects in Early Embryonic Development, and Cell Spreading and PlateletDerived Growth Factor-Induced Chemotaxis in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Mol Cells 2019; 42:589-596. [PMID: 31402636 PMCID: PMC6715337 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
βPix is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho family small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42. It is known to regulate focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration. However, the in vivo role of βPix is currently not well understood. Here, we report the production and characterization of βPix-KO mice. Loss of βPix results in embryonic lethality accompanied by abnormal developmental features, such as incomplete neural tube closure, impaired axial rotation, and failure of allantoischorion fusion. We also generated βPix-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to examine βPix function in mouse fibroblasts. βPix-KO MEFs exhibit decreased Rac1 activity, and defects in cell spreading and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced ruffle formation and chemotaxis. The average size of focal adhesions is increased in βPix-KO MEFs. Interestingly, βPix-KO MEFs showed increased motility in random migration and rapid wound healing with elevated levels of MLC2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that βPix plays essential roles in early embryonic development, cell spreading, and cell migration in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeIn Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Computational Biology & Genomics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142,
USA
| | - Younghee Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Dongeun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
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17
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Zhu K, Takada Y, Nakajima K, Sun Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Takada Y, Zhao M. Expression of integrins to control migration direction of electrotaxis. FASEB J 2019; 33:9131-9141. [PMID: 31116572 PMCID: PMC6662972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802657r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proper control of cell migration is critically important in many biologic processes, such as wound healing, immune surveillance, and development. Much progress has been made in the initiation of cell migration; however, little is known about termination and sometimes directional reversal. During active cell migration, as in wound healing, development, and immune surveillance, the integrin expression profile undergoes drastic changes. Here, we uncovered the extensive regulatory and even opposing roles of integrins in directional cell migration in electric fields (EFs), a potentially important endogenous guidance mechanism. We established cell lines that stably express specific integrins and determined their responses to applied EFs with a high throughput screen. Expression of specific integrins drove cells to migrate to the cathode or to the anode or to lose migration direction. Cells expressing αMβ2, β1, α2, αIIbβ3, and α5 migrated to the cathode, whereas cells expressing β3, α6, and α9 migrated to the anode. Cells expressing α4, αV, and α6β4 lost directional electrotaxis. Manipulation of α9 molecules, one of the molecular directional switches, suggested that the intracellular domain is critical for the directional reversal. These data revealed an unreported role for integrins in controlling stop, go, and reversal activity of directional migration of mammalian cells in EFs, which might ensure that cells reach their final destination with well-controlled speed and direction.-Zhu, K., Takada, Y., Nakajima, K., Sun, Y., Jiang, J., Zhang, Y., Zeng, Q., Takada, Y., Zhao, M. Expression of integrins to control migration direction of electrotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yoko Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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18
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Sztul E, Chen PW, Casanova JE, Cherfils J, Dacks JB, Lambright DG, Lee FJS, Randazzo PA, Santy LC, Schürmann A, Wilhelmi I, Yohe ME, Kahn RA. ARF GTPases and their GEFs and GAPs: concepts and challenges. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1249-1271. [PMID: 31084567 PMCID: PMC6724607 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed structural, biochemical, cell biological, and genetic studies of any gene/protein are required to develop models of its actions in cells. Studying a protein family in the aggregate yields additional information, as one can include analyses of their coevolution, acquisition or loss of functionalities, structural pliability, and the emergence of shared or variations in molecular mechanisms. An even richer understanding of cell biology can be achieved through evaluating functionally linked protein families. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of three protein families: the ARF GTPases, the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF GEFs) that activate them, and the GTPase-activating proteins (ARF GAPs) that have the ability to both propagate and terminate signaling. However, despite decades of scrutiny, our understanding of how these essential proteins function in cells remains fragmentary. We believe that the inherent complexity of ARF signaling and its regulation by GEFs and GAPs will require the concerted effort of many laboratories working together, ideally within a consortium to optimally pool information and resources. The collaborative study of these three functionally connected families (≥70 mammalian genes) will yield transformative insights into regulation of cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267
| | - James E. Casanova
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jacqueline Cherfils
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Joel B. Dacks
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - David G. Lambright
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Amherst, MA 01605
| | - Fang-Jen S. Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | | | - Lorraine C. Santy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 85764 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 85764 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard A. Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-3050
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19
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Integrin intracellular machinery in action. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:226-231. [PMID: 30853446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix involves a surprisingly large number of intracellular proteins, the integrin-associated proteins (IAPs), which are a fraction of the total integrin adhesome. In this review we discuss how genetic approaches have improved our understanding of how each IAP contributes to integrin function, especially in the context of building a functional organism during development. We then begin the process of assembling IAP roles together into an integrated mechanism.
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20
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Regulation of cell migration by α4 and α9 integrins. Biochem J 2019; 476:705-718. [PMID: 30819933 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play an essential role in enabling cells to sense and bind to extracellular ligands. Activation and clustering of integrins leads to the formation of focal adhesions at the plasma membrane that subsequently initiate signalling pathways to control a broad range of functional endpoints including cell migration, proliferation and survival. The α4 and α9 integrins form a small sub-family of receptors that share some specific ligands and binding partners. Although relatively poorly studied compared with other integrin family members, emerging evidence suggests that despite restricted cell and tissue expression profiles, these integrins play a key role in the regulation of signalling pathways controlling cytoskeletal remodelling and migration in both adherent and non-adherent cell types. This review summarises the known shared and specific roles for α4 and α9 integrins and highlights the importance of these receptors in controlling cell migration within both homeostatic and disease settings.
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21
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Tanna CE, Goss LB, Ludwig CG, Chen PW. Arf GAPs as Regulators of the Actin Cytoskeleton-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020442. [PMID: 30669557 PMCID: PMC6358971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) control the activity of ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) by inducing GTP hydrolysis and participate in a diverse array of cellular functions both through mechanisms that are dependent on and independent of their Arf GAP activity. A number of these functions hinge on the remodeling of actin filaments. Accordingly, some of the effects exerted by Arf GAPs involve proteins known to engage in regulation of the actin dynamics and architecture, such as Rho family proteins and nonmuscle myosin 2. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), podosomes, invadopodia, lamellipodia, stress fibers and focal adhesions are among the actin-based structures regulated by Arf GAPs. Arf GAPs are thus important actors in broad functions like adhesion and motility, as well as the specialized functions of bone resorption, neurite outgrowth, and pathogen internalization by immune cells. Arf GAPs, with their multiple protein-protein interactions, membrane-binding domains and sites for post-translational modification, are good candidates for linking the changes in actin to the membrane. The findings discussed depict a family of proteins with a critical role in regulating actin dynamics to enable proper cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Tanna
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Louisa B Goss
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Calvin G Ludwig
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
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22
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Luo R, Chen PW, Kuo JC, Jenkins L, Jian X, Waterman CM, Randazzo PA. ARAP2 inhibits Akt independently of its effects on focal adhesions. Biol Cell 2018; 110:257-270. [PMID: 30144359 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ARAP2, an Arf GTPase-activating protein (Arf GAP) that binds to adaptor protein with PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motifs 1 (APPL1), regulates focal adhesions (FAs). APPL1 affects FA dynamics by regulating Akt. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ARAP2 affects FAs in part by regulating Akt through APPL1. RESULTS We found that ARAP2 controlled FA dynamics dependent on its enzymatic Arf GAP activity. In some cells, ARAP2 also regulated phosphoAkt (pAkt) levels. However, ARAP2 control of FAs did not require Akt and conversely, the effects on pAkt were independent of FAs. Reducing ARAP2 expression reduced the size and number of FAs in U118, HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells. Decreasing ARAP2 expression increased pAkt in U118 cells and HeLa cells and overexpressing ARAP2 decreased pAkt in U118 cells; in contrast, ARAP2 had no effect on pAkt in MDA-MB-231 cells. An Akt inhibitor did not block the effect of reduced ARAP2 on FAs in U118. Furthermore, the effect of ARAP2 on Akt did not require Arf GAP activity, which is necessary for effects on FAs and integrin traffic. Altering FAs by other means did not induce the same changes in pAkt as those seen by reducing ARAP2 in U118 cells. In addition, we discovered that ARAP2 and APPL1 had co-ordinated effects on pAkt in U118 cells. Reduced APPL1 expression, as for ARAP2, increased pAkt in U118 and the effect of reduced APPL1 expression was reversed by overexpressing ARAP2. Conversely, the effect of reduced ARAP2 expression was reversed by overexpressing APPL1. ARAP2 is an Arf GAP that has previously been reported to affect FAs by regulating Arf6 and integrin trafficking and to bind to the adaptor proteins APPL1. Here, we report that ARAP2 suppresses pAkt levels in cells co-ordinately with APPL1 and independently of GAP activity and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of FAs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ARAP2 affects Akt signalling in some cells by a mechanism independent of FAs or membrane traffic. SIGNIFICANCE Our results highlight an Arf GAP-independent function of ARAP2 in regulating Akt activity and distinguish the effect of ARAP2 on Akt from that on FAs and integrin trafficking, which requires regulation of Arf6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibai Luo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Lisa Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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23
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Acevedo A, González-Billault C. Crosstalk between Rac1-mediated actin regulation and ROS production. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:101-113. [PMID: 29330095 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The small RhoGTPase Rac1 is implicated in a variety of events related to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Remarkably, another event that is completely different from those related to actin regulation has the same relevance; the Rac1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidases (NOX). Each outcome involves different Rac1 downstream effectors; on one hand, events related to the actin cytoskeleton require Rac1 to bind to WAVEs proteins and PAKs that ultimately promote actin branching and turnover, on the other, NOX-derived ROS production demands active Rac1 to be bound to a cytosolic activator of NOX. How Rac1-mediated signaling ends up promoting actin-related events, NOX-derived ROS, or both is poorly understood. Rac1 regulators, including scaffold proteins, are known to exert tight control over its functions. Hence, evidence of Rac1 regulatory events leading to both actin remodeling and NOX-mediated ROS generation are discussed. Moreover, cellular functions linked to physiological and pathological conditions that exhibit crosstalk between Rac1 outcomes are analyzed, while plausible roles in neuronal functions (and dysfunctions) are highlighted. Together, discussed evidence shed light on cellular mechanisms which requires Rac1 to direct either actin- and/or ROS-related events, helping to understand crucial roles of Rac1 dual functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Acevedo
- FONDAP Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christian González-Billault
- FONDAP Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024, Chile; The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, USA.
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24
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Identification of the integrin-binding site on coagulation factor VIIa required for proangiogenic PAR2 signaling. Blood 2017; 131:674-685. [PMID: 29246902 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-768218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue factor (TF) pathway serves both hemostasis and cell signaling, but how cells control these divergent functions of TF remains incompletely understood. TF is the receptor and scaffold of coagulation proteases cleaving protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that plays pivotal roles in angiogenesis and tumor development. Here we demonstrate that coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) elicits TF cytoplasmic domain-dependent proangiogenic cell signaling independent of the alternative PAR2 activator matriptase. We identify a Lys-Gly-Glu (KGE) integrin-binding motif in the FVIIa protease domain that is required for association of the TF-FVIIa complex with the active conformer of integrin β1. A point mutation in this motif markedly reduces TF-FVIIa association with integrins, attenuates integrin translocation into early endosomes, and reduces delayed mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation required for the induction of proangiogenic cytokines. Pharmacologic or genetic blockade of the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (arf6) that regulates integrin trafficking increases availability of TF-FVIIa with procoagulant activity on the cell surface, while inhibiting TF-FVIIa signaling that leads to proangiogenic cytokine expression and tumor cell migration. These experiments delineate the structural basis for the crosstalk of the TF-FVIIa complex with integrin trafficking and suggest a crucial role for endosomal PAR2 signaling in pathways of tissue repair and tumor biology.
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Amschler K, Kossmann E, Erpenbeck L, Kruss S, Schill T, Schön M, Möckel SMC, Spatz JP, Schön MP. Nanoscale Tuning of VCAM-1 Determines VLA-4-Dependent Melanoma Cell Plasticity on RGD Motifs. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:528-542. [PMID: 29222169 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical fine-tuning of cancer cell plasticity is crucial for tumor progression but remains largely enigmatic. Although vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1/CD106) has been implicated in melanoma progression, here its presentation on endothelial cells was associated with diminished melanoma cell spreading. Using a specific nanoscale modulation of VCAM-1 (tunable from 70 to 670 ligands/μm²) next to integrin ligands (RGD motifs) in a bifunctional system, reciprocal regulation of integrin α4 (ITGA4/VLA-4/CD49d)-dependent adhesion and spreading of melanoma cells was found. As the VCAM-1/VLA-4 receptor pair facilitated adhesion, while at the same time antagonizing RGD-mediated spreading, melanoma cell morphogenesis on these bifunctional matrices was directly regulated by VCAM-1 in a dichotomic and density-dependent fashion. This was accompanied by concordant regulation of F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling, Rac1-expression, and paxillin-related adhesion formation. The novel function of VCAM-1 was corroborated in vivo using two murine models of pulmonary metastasis. The regulation of melanoma cell plasticity by VCAM-1 highlights the complex regulation of tumor-matrix interactions.Implications: Nanotechnology has revealed a novel dichotomic function of the VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction on melanoma cell plasticity, as nanoscale tuning of this interaction reciprocally determines adhesion and spreading in a ligand density-dependent manner. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 528-42. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Amschler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eugen Kossmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tillmann Schill
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margarete Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid M C Möckel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg and Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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26
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Lintz M, Muñoz A, Reinhart-King CA. The Mechanics of Single Cell and Collective Migration of Tumor Cells. J Biomech Eng 2017; 139:2580907. [PMID: 27814431 DOI: 10.1115/1.4035121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a dynamic process in which cancer cells navigate the tumor microenvironment, largely guided by external chemical and mechanical cues. Our current understanding of metastatic cell migration has relied primarily on studies of single cell migration, most of which have been performed using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques and, more recently, using three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. However, the current paradigm focused on single cell movements is shifting toward the idea that collective migration is likely one of the primary modes of migration during metastasis of many solid tumors. Not surprisingly, the mechanics of collective migration differ significantly from single cell movements. As such, techniques must be developed that enable in-depth analysis of collective migration, and those for examining single cell migration should be adopted and modified to study collective migration to allow for accurate comparison of the two. In this review, we will describe engineering approaches for studying metastatic migration, both single cell and collective, and how these approaches have yielded significant insight into the mechanics governing each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lintz
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 309 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Adam Muñoz
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 309 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 302 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 e-mail:
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27
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Yoo SM, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. The Arf-GAP and protein scaffold Cat1/Git1 as a multifaceted regulator of cancer progression. Small GTPases 2017; 11:77-85. [PMID: 28981399 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1362496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cool-associated tyrosine phosphorylated protein 1 (Cat1), also referred to as GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (Git1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multi-domain protein that is best known for regulating cell shape and migration. Cat1/Git1 functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) that inactivates certain members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family of small GTPases. It is also a scaffold that brings together several signaling proteins at specific locations within the cell, ensuring their efficient activation. Here we will discuss what is known regarding the classical role of Cat1/Git1 in the regulation of cell morphology and migration, as well as highlight some more recent findings that suggest this interesting signaling/scaffolding protein may also contribute in unexpected ways to oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoo M Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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28
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Fibronectin promotes directional persistence in fibroblast migration through interactions with both its cell-binding and heparin-binding domains. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623309 PMCID: PMC5473823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms through which insoluble, cell-adhesive ligands induce and regulate directional cell migration remain obscure. We recently demonstrated that elevated surface density of physically adsorbed plasma fibronectin (FN) promotes high directional persistence in fibroblast migration. While cell-FN association through integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 was necessary, substrates that selectively engaged these integrins did not support the phenotype. We here show that high directional persistence necessitates a combination of the cell-binding and C-terminal heparin-binding domains of FN, but does not require the engagement of syndecan-4 or integrin α4β1. FN treatment with various fixation agents indicated that associated changes in fibroblast motility were due to biochemical changes, rather than alterations in its physical state. The nature of the coating determined the ability of fibroblasts to assemble endogenous or exogenous FN, while FN fibrillogenesis played a minor, but significant, role in regulating directionality. Interestingly, knockdown of cellular FN abolished cell motility altogether, demonstrating a requirement for intracellular processes in enabling fibroblast migration on FN. Lastly, kinase inhibition experiments revealed that regulation of cell speed and directional persistence are decoupled. Hence, we have identified factors that render full-length FN a promoter of directional migration and discuss the possible, relevant mechanisms.
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29
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Buttenschön A, Hillen T, Gerisch A, Painter KJ. A space-jump derivation for non-local models of cell-cell adhesion and non-local chemotaxis. J Math Biol 2017; 76:429-456. [PMID: 28597056 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-017-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion provides one of the fundamental forms of biological interaction between cells and their surroundings, yet the continuum modelling of cellular adhesion has remained mathematically challenging. In 2006, Armstrong et al. proposed a mathematical model in the form of an integro-partial differential equation. Although successful in applications, a derivation from an underlying stochastic random walk has remained elusive. In this work we develop a framework by which non-local models can be derived from a space-jump process. We show how the notions of motility and a cell polarization vector can be naturally included. With this derivation we are able to include microscopic biological properties into the model. We show that particular choices yield the original Armstrong model, while others lead to more general models, including a doubly non-local adhesion model and non-local chemotaxis models. Finally, we use random walk simulations to confirm that the corresponding continuum model represents the mean field behaviour of the stochastic random walk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Buttenschön
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada.
| | - Thomas Hillen
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada
| | - Alf Gerisch
- Fachbereich Mathematik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Dolivostr. 15, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin J Painter
- Department of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
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30
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Rothmeier AS, Marchese P, Langer F, Kamikubo Y, Schaffner F, Cantor J, Ginsberg MH, Ruggeri ZM, Ruf W. Tissue Factor Prothrombotic Activity Is Regulated by Integrin-arf6 Trafficking. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1323-1331. [PMID: 28495929 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coagulation initiation by tissue factor (TF) is regulated by cellular inhibitors, cell surface availability of procoagulant phosphatidylserine, and thiol-disulfide exchange. How these mechanisms contribute to keeping TF in a noncoagulant state and to generating prothrombotic TF remain incompletely understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we study the activation of TF in primary macrophages by a combination of pharmacological, genetic, and biochemical approaches. We demonstrate that primed macrophages effectively control TF cell surface activity by receptor internalization. After cell injury, ATP signals through the purinergic receptor P2rx7 induce release of TF+ microvesicles. TF cell surface availability for release onto microvesicles is regulated by the GTPase arf6 associated with integrin α4β1. Furthermore, microvesicles proteome analysis identifies activation of Gαi2 as a participating factor in the release of microvesicles with prothrombotic activity in flowing blood. ATP not only prevents TF and phosphatidylserine internalization but also induces TF conversion to a conformation with high affinity for its ligand, coagulation factor VII. Although inhibition of dynamin-dependent internalization also exposes outer membrane procoagulant phosphatidylserine, the resulting TF+ microvesicles distinctly lack protein disulfide isomerase and high affinity TF and fail to produce fibrin strands typical for microvesicles generated by thrombo-inflammatory P2rx7 activation. CONCLUSIONS These data show that procoagulant phospholipid exposure is not sufficient and that TF affinity maturation is required to generate prothrombotic microvesicles from a variety of cell types. These findings are significant for understanding TF-initiated thrombosis and should be considered in designing functional microvesicles-based diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Rothmeier
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Patrizia Marchese
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Florian Langer
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Yuichi Kamikubo
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Florence Schaffner
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Joseph Cantor
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.)
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology (A.S.R., F.S., W.R.) and Molecular Medicine (P.M., Y.K., Z.M.R.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (F.L.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.C., M.H.G.); Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (W.R.).
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31
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Longmate WM, Lyons SP, Chittur SV, Pumiglia KM, Van De Water L, DiPersio CM. Suppression of integrin α3β1 by α9β1 in the epidermis controls the paracrine resolution of wound angiogenesis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1473-1488. [PMID: 28416479 PMCID: PMC5412555 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel therapies to promote wound healing is hindered by our poor understanding of how different integrins function together in the epidermis. Longmate et al. show that cross-suppression by integrins within the epidermis controls paracrine signals that regulate wound angiogenesis. Integrin α9β1 suppresses the proangiogenic functions of α3β1 during late-stage wound healing, leading to the normalization of blood vessel density in the wound bed. Development of wound therapies is hindered by poor understanding of combinatorial integrin function in the epidermis. In this study, we generated mice with epidermis-specific deletion of α3β1, α9β1, or both integrins as well as keratinocyte lines expressing these integrin combinations. Consistent with proangiogenic roles for α3β1, α3-null keratinocytes showed reduced paracrine stimulation of endothelial cell migration and survival, and wounds of epidermis-specific α3 knockout mice displayed impaired angiogenesis. Interestingly, α9β1 in keratinocytes suppressed α3β1-mediated stimulation of endothelial cells, and wounds of epidermis-specific α9 knockout mice displayed delayed vascular normalization and reduced endothelial apoptosis, indicating that α9β1 cross-suppresses α3β1 proangiogenic functions. Moreover, α9β1 inhibited α3β1 signaling downstream of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) autoactivation at the point of Src-mediated phosphorylation of FAK Y861/Y925. Finally, α9β1 cross-suppressed many α3β1-dependent genes, including the gene that encodes MMP-9, which we implicated as a regulator of integrin-dependent cross talk to endothelial cells. Our findings identify a novel physiological context for combinatorial integrin signaling, laying the foundation for therapeutic strategies that manipulate α9β1 and/or α3β1 during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Longmate
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Scott P Lyons
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144
| | - Kevin M Pumiglia
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Livingston Van De Water
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208.,Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - C Michael DiPersio
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208 .,Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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32
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Vitali T, Girald-Berlingeri S, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. Arf GAPs: A family of proteins with disparate functions that converge on a common structure, the integrin adhesion complex. Small GTPases 2017; 10:280-288. [PMID: 28362242 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1299271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) are members of the Ras GTPase superfamily. The function of Arfs is dependent on GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. Arf GAPs have been shown to be present in integrin adhesion complexes, which include focal adhesions. Integrin adhesion complexes are composed of integrins, scaffolding proteins and signaling proteins and regulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. Understanding the role of Arf GAPs in the regulation of integrin adhesion complexes is relevant to understanding normal physiology and cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of the Arf GAP family members to the regulation of integrin adhesion complexes, examining the diverse mechanisms by which they control integrin adhesion complex formation, maturation and dissolution. GIT1 and ARAP2 serve as GAPs for Arf6, regulating Rac1 and other effectors by mechanisms still being defined. In contrast, GIT2 regulates Rac1 independent of Arf6. AGAP2 binds to and regulates focal adhesion kinase (FAK). ARAP2 and ACAP1, both Arf6 GAPs, regulate membrane trafficking of integrins through different endocytic pathways, exerting opposite effects on focal adhesions. ASAP1 not only regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling through its interaction with nonmuscle myosin 2A, but is also important in integrin recycling. These examples illustrate the diversity and versatility of Arf GAPs as regulators of integrin adhesion complex structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vitali
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- b Department of Biology , Williams College , Williamstown , MA , USA
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33
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Integrin-Dependent Regulation of Small GTPases: Role in Cell Migration. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Abplanalp WT, Conklin DJ, Cantor JM, Ginsberg MH, Wysoczynski M, Bhatnagar A, O'Toole TE. Enhanced Integrin α4β1-Mediated Adhesion Contributes to a Mobilization Defect of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:3505-3515. [PMID: 27495221 PMCID: PMC5079633 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with a deficit of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which has been attributed to their defective mobilization from the bone marrow. The basis for this mobilization defect is not completely understood, and we sought to determine if hyperglycemic conditions enhanced EPC adhesion. We found that culturing EPCs in high glucose media increased adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. This enhanced adhesion was associated with decreased expression of protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1β (PRKAR1β), activation of protein kinase A (PKA), and phosphorylation of α4-integrin on serine 988. This potentiated adhesion was reversed by treatment with a PKA inhibitor, overexpression of PRKAR1β, or expression of a phosphorylation-defective α4-integrin variant (α4[S988A]). Using a model of type 1 diabetes, we showed that α4(S988A)-expressing mice have more circulating EPCs than their wild-type counterparts. Moreover, diabetic α4(S988A) mice demonstrate enhanced revascularization after hind limb ischemia. Thus, we have identified a novel signaling mechanism activating PKA in diabetes (downregulation of an inhibitory regulatory subunit) that leads to deficits of circulating EPCs and impaired vascular repair, which could be reversed by α4-integrin mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley T Abplanalp
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Joseph M Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Timothy E O'Toole
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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The focal adhesion-associated proteins DOCK5 and GIT2 comprise a rheostat in control of epithelial invasion. Oncogene 2016; 36:1816-1828. [PMID: 27669437 PMCID: PMC5366285 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DOCK proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rac and Cdc42 GTPases. DOCK1 is the founding member of the family and acts downstream of integrins via the canonical Crk-p130Cas complex to activate Rac GTPases in numerous contexts. In contrast, DOCK5, which possesses the greatest similarity to DOCK1, remains sparingly studied. Here we establish that DOCK5 has a non-redundant role in regulating motile and invasive capacities of epithelial cells. DOCK1 is constitutively associated with sites of integrin attachment termed focal adhesions (FAs). In contrast, we demonstrate that DOCK5 recruitment to FAs in Hela cells is restricted by GIT2, an established regulator of FA signaling. We determine that GIT2 is targeted to FAs in response to Rho-ROCK signaling and actomyosin contractility. Accordingly, inhibition of ROCK activity or MLC function promotes enrichment of DOCK5 in membrane protrusions and nascent cell–substratum adhesions. We further demonstrate that GIT2 inhibits the interaction of DOCK5 with Crk. Moreover, we show that depletion of GIT2 promotes DOCK5-dependent activation of the Crk-p130Cas signaling cascade to promote Rac1-mediated lamellipodial protrusion and FA turnover. The antagonism between GIT2 and DOCK5 extends to non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, with DOCK5 ‘dialing-up' and GIT2 ‘dialing-down' invasiveness. Finally, we determine that DOCK5 inhibition attenuates invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells and prolongs life span of mice injected with these cells. Collectively, our work identifies DOCK5 as a key regulator of epithelial invasion and metastasis, and demonstrates that suppression of DOCK5 by GIT2 represents a previously unappreciated mechanism for coordination of Rho and Rac GTPases.
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36
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Uddin M, Pellecchia G, Thiruvahindrapuram B, D'Abate L, Merico D, Chan A, Zarrei M, Tammimies K, Walker S, Gazzellone MJ, Nalpathamkalam T, Yuen RKC, Devriendt K, Mathonnet G, Lemyre E, Nizard S, Shago M, Joseph-George AM, Noor A, Carter MT, Yoon G, Kannu P, Tihy F, Thorland EC, Marshall CR, Buchanan JA, Speevak M, Stavropoulos DJ, Scherer SW. Indexing Effects of Copy Number Variation on Genes Involved in Developmental Delay. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28663. [PMID: 27363808 PMCID: PMC4929460 DOI: 10.1038/srep28663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge in clinical genomics is to predict whether copy number variation (CNV) affecting a gene or multiple genes will manifest as disease. Increasing recognition of gene dosage effects in neurodevelopmental disorders prompted us to develop a computational approach based on critical-exon (highly expressed in brain, highly conserved) examination for potential etiologic effects. Using a large CNV dataset, our updated analyses revealed significant (P < 1.64 × 10−15) enrichment of critical-exons within rare CNVs in cases compared to controls. Separately, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct an unbiased protein module from prenatal and adult tissues and found it significantly enriched for critical exons in prenatal (P < 1.15 × 10−50, OR = 2.11) and adult (P < 6.03 × 10−18, OR = 1.55) tissues. WGCNA yielded 1,206 proteins for which we prioritized the corresponding genes as likely to have a role in neurodevelopmental disorders. We compared the gene lists obtained from critical-exon and WGCNA analysis and found 438 candidate genes associated with CNVs annotated as pathogenic, or as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS), from among 10,619 developmental delay cases. We identified genes containing CNVs previously considered to be VOUS to be new candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders (GIT1, MVB12B and PPP1R9A) demonstrating the utility of this strategy to index the clinical effects of CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Uddin
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanna Pellecchia
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lia D'Abate
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ada Chan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gazzellone
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Nalpathamkalam
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Emmanuelle Lemyre
- CHU Sainte-Justine, University de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia Nizard
- CHU Sainte-Justine, University de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary Shago
- Genome Diagnostics, Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann M Joseph-George
- Genome Diagnostics, Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul Noor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Medical Genetics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Department of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2L3, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tihy
- CHU Sainte-Justine, University de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erik C Thorland
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genome Diagnostics, Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet A Buchanan
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marsha Speevak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology (GGB), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hung WC, Yang JR, Yankaskas CL, Wong BS, Wu PH, Pardo-Pastor C, Serra SA, Chiang MJ, Gu Z, Wirtz D, Valverde MA, Yang JT, Zhang J, Konstantopoulos K. Confinement Sensing and Signal Optimization via Piezo1/PKA and Myosin II Pathways. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1430-1441. [PMID: 27160899 PMCID: PMC5341576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adopt distinct signaling pathways to optimize cell locomotion in different physical microenvironments. However, the underlying mechanism that enables cells to sense and respond to physical confinement is unknown. Using microfabricated devices and substrate-printing methods along with FRET-based biosensors, we report that, as cells transition from unconfined to confined spaces, intracellular Ca2+ level is increased, leading to phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1)-dependent suppression of PKA activity. This Ca2+ elevation requires Piezo1, a stretch-activated cation channel. Moreover, differential regulation of PKA and cell stiffness in unconfined versus confined cells is abrogated by dual, but not individual, inhibition of Piezo1 and myosin II, indicating that these proteins can independently mediate confinement sensing. Signals activated by Piezo1 and myosin II in response to confinement both feed into a signaling circuit that optimizes cell motility. This study provides a mechanism by which confinement-induced signaling enables cells to sense and adapt to different physical microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jessica R Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher L Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrera del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Selma A Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrera del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Meng-Jung Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrera del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Joy T Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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38
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Chow SE, Chen CPC, Hsu CC, Tsai WC, Wang JS, Hsu NC. Quantifying cell behaviors in negative-pressure induced monolayer cell movement. Biomed J 2016; 39:50-9. [PMID: 27105598 PMCID: PMC6138425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Negative-pressure of 125 mmHg (NP) has been shown to accelerate wound healing. Effects of NP on human keratinocyte behaviors during wound healing process were highlighted in this study. Methods An NP incubator incorporating the electric cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technique has been built to quantify monolayer keratinocytes movement in serum-free media at the ambient pressure (AP) and NP for 12 h. Monolayer cell motions were continuously recorded by ECIS in the frequency range of 22.5–64 kHz. Membrane capacitance (Cm), cell–substratum resistance (α), and cell–cell junction resistance (Rb) were evaluated in cells at the different pressures. Results A greater monolayer cell migration distance was found in cells at NP. Decreased cell–substratum adhesion reflected in the significantly low α (AP:NP = ∼5 Ω0.5:∼3 Ω0.5⋅cm), decreased integrin expression, and increased cell–substratum distance were seen in cells at NP. A significantly increased Cm (AP:NP = ∼4:∼8 μF/cm2) in association with increased membrane ruffling and microtubule filaments were observed early in the monolayer cell movement at NP. A progressive drop in the Rb from 1.2 Ω·cm2 to 0.8 Ω·cm2 corresponding to the gradually decreased E-cadherin expressions were observed 6 h after wound closure after NP treatment. Conclusion A quick membrane ruffling formation, an early cell–substratum separation, and an ensuing decrease in the cellular interaction occur in cells at NP. These specific monolayer cell behaviors at NP have been quantified and possibly accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Er Chow
- Department of Nature Science, Center for General Studies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Carl Pai-Chu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chung Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Chun Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
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39
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Missirlis D, Haraszti T, Scheele CVC, Wiegand T, Diaz C, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Substrate engagement of integrins α5β1 and αvβ3 is necessary, but not sufficient, for high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23258. [PMID: 26987342 PMCID: PMC4796868 DOI: 10.1038/srep23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between specific integrin-mediated matrix adhesion and directional persistence in cell migration is not well understood. Here, we characterized fibroblast adhesion and migration on the extracellular matrix glycoproteins fibronectin and vitronectin, focusing on the role of α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Fibroblasts manifested high directional persistence in migration on fibronectin-, but not vitronectin-coated substrates, in a ligand density-dependent manner. Fibronectin stimulated α5β1-dependent organization of the actin cytoskeleton into oriented, ventral stress fibers, and assembly of dynamic, polarized protrusions, characterized as regions free of stress fibers and rich in nascent adhesions at their edge. Such protrusions correlated with persistent, local leading edge advancement, but were not sufficient, nor necessary for directional migration over longer times. Selective blocking of αvβ3 or α5β1 integrins using small molecule integrin antagonists reduced directional persistence on fibronectin, indicating integrin cooperativity in maintaining directionality. On the other hand, patterned substrates, designed to selectively engage either integrin, or their combination, were not sufficient to establish directional migration. Overall, our study demonstrates adhesive coating-dependent regulation of directional persistence in fibroblast migration and challenges the generality of the previously suggested role of β1 and β3 integrins in directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Missirlis
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Catharina v C Scheele
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tina Wiegand
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolina Diaz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems &University of Heidelberg, Department of Biophysical Chemistry Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Heparanase-induced shedding of syndecan-1/CD138 in myeloma and endothelial cells activates VEGFR2 and an invasive phenotype: prevention by novel synstatins. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e202. [PMID: 26926788 PMCID: PMC5154350 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma arises when malignant plasma cells invade and form multiple tumors in the bone marrow. High levels of heparanase (HPSE) correlate with poor prognosis in myeloma patients. A likely target of the enzyme is the heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1, CD138), which is highly expressed on myeloma cells and contributes to poor prognosis in this disease. We find that HPSE promotes an invasive phenotype mediated by the very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, or α4β1 integrin) in myeloma cells plated on either fibronectin (FN) or vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), ligands that are prevalent in the bone marrow. The phenotype depends on vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), which is aberrantly expressed in myeloma, and is characterized by a highly protrusive lamellipodium and cell invasion. HPSE-mediated trimming of the HS on Sdc1 and subsequent matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated shedding of the syndecan exposes a juxtamembrane site in Sdc1 that binds VEGFR2 and VLA-4, thereby coupling VEGFR2 to the integrin. Shed Sdc1 can be mimicked by recombinant Sdc1 ectodomain or by a peptide based on its binding motif, which causes VLA-4 to re-orient from the lagging edge (uropod) to the leading edge of migrating cells, couple with and activate VEGFR2. Peptides (called 'synstatins') containing only the VLA-4 or VEGFR2 binding sites competitively inhibit invasion, as they block coupling of the receptors. This mechanism is also utilized by vascular endothelial cells, in which it is also activated by HPSE, during endothelial cell tube formation. Collectively, our findings reveal for the first time the mechanism through which HPSE modulates Sdc1 function to promote both tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis, thereby driving multiple myeloma progression. The inhibitory synstatins, or inhibitors of HPSE enzyme activity, are likely to show promise as therapeutics against myeloma extravasation and spread.
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García-Marqués F, Trevisan-Herraz M, Martínez-Martínez S, Camafeita E, Jorge I, Lopez JA, Méndez-Barbero N, Méndez-Ferrer S, Del Pozo MA, Ibáñez B, Andrés V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Redondo JM, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J. A Novel Systems-Biology Algorithm for the Analysis of Coordinated Protein Responses Using Quantitative Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1740-60. [PMID: 26893027 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated behavior of proteins is central to systems biology. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly known and methods to analyze coordination by conventional quantitative proteomics are still lacking. We present the Systems Biology Triangle (SBT), a new algorithm that allows the study of protein coordination by pairwise quantitative proteomics. The Systems Biology Triangle detected statistically significant coordination in diverse biological models of very different nature and subjected to different kinds of perturbations. The Systems Biology Triangle also revealed with unprecedented molecular detail an array of coordinated, early protein responses in vascular smooth muscle cells treated at different times with angiotensin-II. These responses included activation of protein synthesis, folding, turnover, and muscle contraction - consistent with a differentiated phenotype-as well as the induction of migration and the repression of cell proliferation and secretion. Remarkably, the majority of the altered functional categories were protein complexes, interaction networks, or metabolic pathways. These changes could not be detected by other algorithms widely used by the proteomics community, and the vast majority of proteins involved have not been described before to be regulated by AngII. The unique capabilities of The Systems Biology Triangle to detect functional protein alterations produced by the coordinated action of proteins in pairwise quantitative proteomics experiments make this algorithm an attractive choice for the biological interpretation of results on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Marqués
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Del Pozo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Chen PW, Jian X, Heissler SM, Le K, Luo R, Jenkins LM, Nagy A, Moss J, Sellers JR, Randazzo PA. The Arf GTPase-activating Protein, ASAP1, Binds Nonmuscle Myosin 2A to Control Remodeling of the Actomyosin Network. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7517-26. [PMID: 26893376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.701292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ASAP1 regulates F-actin-based structures and functions, including focal adhesions (FAs) and circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), cell spreading and migration. ASAP1 function requires its N-terminal BAR domain. We discovered that nonmuscle myosin 2A (NM2A) directly bound the BAR-PH tandem of ASAP1in vitro ASAP1 and NM2A co-immunoprecipitated and colocalized in cells. Knockdown of ASAP1 reduced colocalization of NM2A and F-actin in cells. Knockdown of ASAP1 or NM2A recapitulated each other's effects on FAs, cell migration, cell spreading, and CDRs. The NM2A-interacting BAR domain contributed to ASAP1 control of cell spreading and CDRs. Exogenous expression of NM2A rescued the effect of ASAP1 knockdown on CDRs but ASAP1 did not rescue NM2A knockdown defect in CDRs. Our results support the hypothesis that ASAP1 is a positive regulator of NM2A. Given other binding partners of ASAP1, ASAP1 may directly link signaling and the mechanical machinery of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Chen
- From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Kang Le
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruibai Luo
- From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Franzoni M, Cattaneo I, Longaretti L, Figliuzzi M, Ene-Iordache B, Remuzzi A. Endothelial cell activation by hemodynamic shear stress derived from arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H49-59. [PMID: 26497959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00098.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the first cause of failure of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects on endothelial cells (ECs) of shear stress waveforms derived from AVF areas prone to develop IH. We used a cone-and-plate device to obtain real-time control of shear stress acting on EC cultures. We exposed human umbilical vein ECs for 48 h to different shear stimulations calculated in a side-to-end AVF model. Pulsatile unidirectional flow, representative of low-risk stenosis areas, induced alignment of ECs and actin fiber orientation with flow. Shear stress patterns of reciprocating flow, derived from high-risk stenosis areas, did not affect EC shape or cytoskeleton organization, which remained similar to static cultures. We also evaluated flow-induced EC expression of genes known to be involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and expression of cell adhesion molecules. Unidirectional flow induced a significant increase in Kruppel-like factor 2 mRNA expression, whereas it significantly reduced phospholipase D1, α4-integrin, and Ras p21 protein activator 1 mRNA expression. Reciprocating flow did not increase Kruppel-like factor 2 mRNA expression compared with static controls but significantly increased mRNA expression of phospholipase D1, α4-integrin, and Ras p21 protein activator 1. Reciprocating flow selectively increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8 production. Furthermore, culture medium conditioned by ECs exposed to reciprocating flows selectively increased smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with unidirectional flow. Our results indicate that protective vascular effects induced in ECs by unidirectional pulsatile flow are not induced by reciprocating shear forces, suggesting a mechanism by which oscillating flow conditions may induce the development of IH in AVF and vascular access dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franzoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Be rgamo, Italy; and
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bogdan Ene-Iordache
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
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Mukovozov I, Huang YW, Zhang Q, Liu GY, Siu A, Sokolskyy Y, Patel S, Hyduk SJ, Kutryk MJB, Cybulsky MI, Robinson LA. The Neurorepellent Slit2 Inhibits Postadhesion Stabilization of Monocytes Tethered to Vascular Endothelial Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:3334-44. [PMID: 26297762 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The secreted neurorepellent Slit2, acting through its transmembrane receptor, Roundabout (Robo)-1, inhibits chemotaxis of varied cell types, including leukocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, toward diverse attractants. The role of Slit2 in regulating the steps involved in recruitment of monocytes in vascular inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we showed that Slit2 inhibited adhesion of monocytic cells to activated human endothelial cells, as well as to immobilized ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Microfluidic live cell imaging showed that Slit2 inhibited the ability of monocytes tethered to endothelial cells to stabilize their actin-associated anchors and to resist detachment in response to increasing shear forces. Transfection of constitutively active plasmids revealed that Slit2 inhibited postadhesion stabilization of monocytes on endothelial cells by preventing activation of Rac1. We further found that Slit2 inhibited chemotaxis of monocytes toward CXCL12 and CCL2. To determine whether Slit2 and Robo-1 modulate pathologic monocyte recruitment associated with vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease, we tested PBMC from patients with coronary artery disease. PBMC from these patients had reduced surface levels of Robo-1 compared with healthy age- and sex-matched subjects, and Slit2 failed to inhibit chemotaxis of PBMC of affected patients, but not healthy control subjects, toward CCL2. Furthermore, administration of Slit2 to atherosclerosis-prone LDL receptor-deficient mice inhibited monocyte recruitment to nascent atherosclerotic lesions. These results demonstrate that Slit2 inhibits chemotaxis of monocytes, as well as their ability to stabilize adhesions and resist detachment forces. Slit2 may represent a powerful new tool to inhibit pathologic monocyte recruitment in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Mukovozov
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Qiuwang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; and
| | - Guang Ying Liu
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allan Siu
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Yaroslav Sokolskyy
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sajedabanu Patel
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Michael J B Kutryk
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada; and
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;
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MA JIANGCHUN, CHENG PENG, HU YI, XUE YIXUE, LIU YUNHUI. Integrin α4 is involved in the regulation of glioma-induced motility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:779-86. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Segerer FJ, Thüroff F, Piera Alberola A, Frey E, Rädler JO. Emergence and Persistence of Collective Cell Migration on Small Circular Micropatterns. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:228102. [PMID: 26196648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.228102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous formation of vortices is a hallmark of collective cellular activity. Here, we study the onset and persistence of coherent angular motion as a function of the number of cells N confined in circular micropatterns. We find that the persistence of coherent angular motion increases with N but exhibits a pronounced discontinuity accompanied by a geometric rearrangement of cells to a configuration containing a central cell. Computer simulations based on a generalized Potts model reproduce the emergence of vortex states and show in agreement with experiment that their stability depends on the interplay of the spatial arrangement and internal polarization of neighboring cells. Hence, the distinct migrational states in finite size ensembles reveal significant insight into the local interaction rules guiding collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Segerer
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Thüroff
- Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Alicia Piera Alberola
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold-Sommerfeld-Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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Integrin αIIbβ3 transmembrane domain separation mediates bi-directional signaling across the plasma membrane. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116208. [PMID: 25617834 PMCID: PMC4305291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins play an essential role in hemostasis, thrombosis, and cell migration, and they transmit bidirectional signals. Transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains are hypothesized to associate in the resting integrins; whereas, ligand binding and intracellular activating signals induce transmembrane domain separation. However, how this conformational change affects integrin outside-in signaling and whether the α subunit cytoplasmic domain is important for this signaling remain elusive. Using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells that stably expressed different integrin αIIbβ3 constructs, we discovered that an αIIb cytoplasmic domain truncation led to integrin activation but not defective outside-in signaling. In contrast, preventing transmembrane domain separation abolished both inside-out and outside-in signaling regardless of removing the αIIb cytoplasmic tail. Truncation of the αIIb cytoplasmic tail did not obviously affect adhesion-induced outside-in signaling. Our research revealed that transmembrane domain separation is a downstream conformational change after the cytoplasmic domain dissociation in inside-out activation and indispensable for ligand-induced outside-in signaling. The result implicates that the β TM helix rearrangement after dissociation is essential for integrin transmembrane signaling. Furthermore, we discovered that the PI3K/Akt pathway is not essential for cell spreading but spreading-induced Erk1/2 activation is PI3K dependent implicating requirement of the kinase for cell survival in outside-in signaling.
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Loss of BRMS1 promotes a mesenchymal phenotype through NF-κB-dependent regulation of Twist1. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:303-17. [PMID: 25368381 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00869-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its reduction correlates with disease progression. Herein, we investigate the mechanisms through which loss of the BRMS1 gene contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system, we show that loss of BRMS1 promotes basal and transforming growth factor beta-induced EMT in NSCLC cells. NSCLC cells expressing BRMS1 shRNAs (BRMS1 knockdown [BRMS1(KD)]) display mesenchymal characteristics, including enhanced cell migration and differential regulation of the EMT markers. Mesenchymal phenotypes observed in BRMS1(KD) cells are dependent on RelA/p65, the transcriptionally active subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates that loss of BRMS1 increases Twist1 promoter occupancy of RelA/p65 K310-a key histone modification associated with increased transcription. Knockdown of Twist1 results in reversal of BRMS1(KD)-mediated EMT phenotypic changes. Moreover, in our animal model, BRMS1(KD)/Twist1(KD) double knockdown cells were less efficient in establishing lung tumors than BRMS1(KD) cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that loss of BRMS1 promotes malignant phenotypes that are dependent on NF-κB-dependent regulation of Twist1. These observations offer fresh insight into the mechanisms through which BRMS1 regulates the development of metastases in NSCLC.
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Goicoechea SM, Awadia S, Garcia-Mata R. I'm coming to GEF you: Regulation of RhoGEFs during cell migration. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 8:535-49. [PMID: 25482524 PMCID: PMC4594598 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly regulated multistep process that requires the coordinated regulation of cell adhesion, protrusion, and contraction. These processes require numerous protein–protein interactions and the activation of specific signaling pathways. The Rho family of GTPases plays a key role in virtually every aspect of the cell migration cycle. The activation of Rho GTPases is mediated by a large and diverse family of proteins; the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs). GEFs work immediately upstream of Rho proteins to provide a direct link between Rho activation and cell–surface receptors for various cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and G protein-coupled receptors. The regulated targeting and activation of RhoGEFs is essential to coordinate the migratory process. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the role of RhoGEFs in the regulation of cell migration.
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Key Words
- DH, Dbl-homology
- DHR, DOCK homology region
- DOCK, dedicator of cytokinesis
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FA, focal adhesion
- FN, fibronectin
- GAP, GTPase activating protein
- GDI, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor
- GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- MII, myosin II
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PH, pleckstrin-homology
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate
- PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate.
- Rho GEFs
- Rho GTPases
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- cell migration
- cell polarization
- focal adhesions
- guanine nucleotide exchange factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Goicoechea
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; University of Toledo ; Toledo , OH USA
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Li A, Guo Q, Kim C, Hu W, Ye F. Integrin αII b tail distal of GFFKR participates in inside-out αII b β3 activation. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1145-55. [PMID: 24837519 PMCID: PMC4107134 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in ligand binding to integrins (activation) play critical roles in platelet and leukocyte function. Integrin activation requires talin and kindlin binding to integrin β cytoplasmic tails. Research has focused on the conserved GFFKR motif in integrin αII b tails, integrin β cytoplasmic tails and the binding partners of β tails. However, the roles of αII b tail distal of GFFKR motif are unexplored. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of αII b tail distal of GFFKR in talin-mediated inside-out integrin signaling. METHODS We used model cell systems to examine the role of αII b tail distal of GFFKR in bidirectional αII b β3 signaling and αII b β3 -talin interactions. RESULTS Deletion of amino acid residues after the GFFKR motif in αII b tail moderately decreased β3 (D723R)-induced activation, abolished talin-induced αII b β3 activation in model cells, and inhibited agonist-induced αII b β3 activation in megakaryocytic cells. Furthermore, residues in αII b tail distal of GFFKR did not affect outside-in αII b β3 signaling or αII b β3 -talin interaction. Addition of non-homologous or non-specific amino acids to the GFFKR motif restored αII b β3 activation in model cells and in megakaryocytic cells. Molecular modeling indicates that β3 -bound talin sterically clashes with the αII b tail in the αII b β3 complexes, potentially disfavoring the α-β interactions that keep αII b β3 inactive. CONCLUSION The αII b tail sequences distal of GFFKR participate in talin-mediated inside-out αII b β3 activation through its steric clashes with β3 -bound talin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Weiming Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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